Justification

CRITICAL: in everyday Czech, ‘ospravedlnění’ simply means justifying or excusing an action (‘ospravedlnění pozdního příchodu,’ ‘justifying being late’) — a low-stakes, mundane word with essentially zero inherited theological weight. Paul’s forensic doctrine of justification by faith must be built up as new content, not evoked from a pre-existing religious schema, since none can be assumed.