Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 John
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 John chapters 1–5. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Reuse and their Gujarati rendering is carried forward without modification, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. Terms new to this curriculum are marked New and are proposed here for incorporation into an updated translation memory in Phase 2.
Risk tiers (Critical/High/Medium/Low) and review routing follow the same definitions as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Reused Baseline Terms (1 John occurrences)
| English Term | Gujarati | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Baseline Status | Key 1 John Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | પરમેશ્વર | Parmeśvar | Critical | God | Reuse | 1:5; 4:8, 16; throughout |
| Jesus | ઈસુ | Īsu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Reuse | 1:3; 2:1; 4:15; 5:5 |
| Christ | ખ્રિસ્ત | Khrist | Critical | Christology | Reuse | 1:3; 2:1, 22; 4:2; 5:1 |
| Son of God | પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર | Parmeśvarno Putra | Critical | Sonship of Christ | Reuse | 3:8; 4:15; 5:5, 10-13, 20 |
| Holy Spirit / Spirit | પવિત્ર આત્મા / આત્મા | Pavitra Ātmā / Ātmā | Critical | Sanctification / Testing the Spirits | Reuse | 3:24; 4:1-6, 13; 5:6-8 |
| Father | પિતા | Pitā | Critical | Adoption | Reuse | 1:2-3; 2:1, 15-16, 22-24; 3:1; 4:14 |
| Faith / believe | વિશ્વાસ / વિશ્વાસ કરવો | Viśvāsa | High | Faith | Reuse | 3:23; 4:16; 5:1, 4-5, 10, 13 |
| Sin | પાપ | Pāp | High | Confession & Forgiveness of Sin | Reuse | 1:7-10; 2:1-2, 12; 3:4-9; 4:10; 5:16-18 |
| Grace | કૃપા | Kṛpā | Critical | Grace | Reuse (implicit throughout; no direct occurrence but underlies propitiation/love) | — |
| Adoption | દત્તકપણું | Dattakpaṇũ | High | Adoption | Reuse | (conceptual background to 3:1-2, “children of God”) |
| Fellowship | સંગત | Saṅgat | Low | Christian Fellowship | Reuse | 1:3, 6-7 |
| Church | મંડળી | Maṇḍaḷī | Medium | Church as God’s People | Reuse | (implicit corporate address throughout) |
| Salvation | ઉદ્ધાર | Uddhār | Critical | Salvation | Reuse | conceptual basis of 4:14, 5:11-13 |
| Resurrection | પુનરુત્થાન | Punarutthān | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | Reuse | (implicit background; life-from-death theme) |
| Lord | પ્રભુ | Prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Reuse | (Christological title used consistently with baseline) |
| Incarnation | દેહધારણ | Dehdhāraṇ | Critical | Incarnation & Antichrist | Reuse | 1:1-3; 4:2-3; 5:6 |
| Righteousness / righteous | ન્યાયીપણું / ન્યાયી | Nyāyīpaṇũ / Nyāyī | Critical | Salvation | Reuse | 1:9; 2:1, 29; 3:7 |
| Justification | ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું | Nyāyī Ṭharāvavũ | Critical | Salvation | Reuse | (conceptual background) |
| Called / calling | તેડાયેલા / તેડું | Tedāyelā / Teḍũ | High | Divine Calling | Reuse | (conceptual background to new birth) |
| Holy | પવિત્ર | Pavitra | High | Sanctification | Reuse | conceptual (God is light/holy) |
| Exhort (entreaty vs. encouragement) | વિનંતી / પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું | Vinantī / Protsāhan āpavũ | Low | Mutual Edification | Reuse | 5:15 (αἴτημα/request → વિનંતી) |
| Gentiles / Nations | અન્ય પ્રજાઓ | Anya Prajāo | Medium | Universal Scope of the Gospel | Reuse | conceptual (“whole world,” 2:2; 5:19) |
New Terms Introduced by 1 John
| English Term | Gujarati | Transliteration | Original (Greek) | Risk | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives | Key Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light | પ્રકાશ | Prakāś | φῶς (phōs) | Critical | God is Light | Must be paired with 1:6-7’s ethical outworking to avoid merging with Hindu devotional light-imagery (Diwali) or Jain kevala-jñāna “infinite light” of self-attained omniscience. | 1:5, 7; 2:8-10 |
| Darkness | અંધકાર | Andhakār | σκοτία / σκότος (skotia/skotos) | High | God is Light | Moral estrangement from God, not metaphysical avidyā (ignorance) overcome by jñāna. | 1:5-6; 2:8-11 |
| Love (agape) | પ્રેમ | Prem | ἀγάπη (agapē) | Critical | God is Love; Love for the Brethren | Must be anchored to 4:9-10 (God’s initiating, sacrificial action) to prevent collapse into Vaishnav prem-bhakti devotional-romantic love (Dwarka/Krishna tradition). Rejected unqualified use without doctrinal anchoring. | 2:5, 15; 3:1, 16-18; 4:7-21; 5:3 |
| Confess / confession | કબૂલ કરવું / કબૂલાત | Kabūl karvũ / Kabūlāt | ὁμολογέω / ὁμολογία (homologeō/homologia) | Critical | Confession & Forgiveness of Sin; Incarnation & Antichrist | Two objects in 1 John: confessing sin (1:9) and confessing Christ (4:2, 15). Must be distinguished from Jain pratikraman ritual fault-confession (esp. at Paryushan) as a self-performed karma-shedding technique. | 1:9; 2:23; 4:2-3, 15 |
| Forgive / forgiveness | માફ કરવું / માફી | Māf karvũ / Māfī | ἀφίημι (aphiēmi) | High | Confession & Forgiveness of Sin | Distinguish from Jain Micchāmi Dukkaḍaṃ mutual, calendar-bound social forgiveness ritual; this is God’s judicial pardon via Christ’s blood. | 1:9; 2:12 |
| Propitiation | પ્રાયશ્ચિત | Prāyaśchit | ἱλασμός (hilasmos) | Critical | Confession & Forgiveness of Sin; God is Love | Highest-collision new term: પ્રાયશ્ચિત is the standard Hindu/Jain word for self-performed penance/expiation. Must be explicitly taught as God’s own provision through Christ, reversing the self-effort direction of agency. Human theologian review required every occurrence. | 2:2; 4:10 |
| Advocate (of Christ) | મધ્યસ્થ | Madhyastha | παράκλητος (paraklētos) | High | Confession & Forgiveness of Sin | Aligned with baseline મધ્યસ્થતા (intercession). Distinguish from a human guru/Tīrthaṅkara intermediary. | 2:1 |
| Savior | તારનાર | Tāranār | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Critical | Assurance of Salvation | Built on same root family as baseline ઉદ્ધાર. Christ personally accomplishes the rescue; not a teacher modeling self-liberation. | 4:14 |
| Born of God / New Birth | પરમેશ્વરથી નવો જન્મ (પામેલા) | Parmeśvarthī navo janma (pāmelā) | γεννάω / γεγέννηται (gennaō) | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEVER પુનર્જન્મ (forbidden — reincarnation-cycle language). A single, decisive, Spirit-wrought birth, not a repeatable cycle. | 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18 |
| Children of God | પરમેશ્વરના બાળકો | Parmeśvarnā bāḷako | τέκνα θεοῦ (tekna theou) | High | Assurance of Salvation; New Birth | Believers’ derivative childship by grace; must not be collapsed into Christ’s unique eternal Sonship (Critical, baseline). | 3:1-2, 10; 5:2 |
| Eternal life | અનંત જીવન | Anant jīvan | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEVER સનાતન જીવન (invokes “Sanātan Dharma” self-designation of Hinduism). Also distinct from baseline-forbidden મોક્ષ/કેવલજ્ઞાન. | 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11-13, 20 |
| World | જગત | Jagat | κόσμος (kosmos) | High | Overcoming the World | NEVER સંસાર (Hindu/Jain technical term for the cycle of worldly bondage/transmigration). κόσμος here is a moral value-system, not a metaphysical bondage-cycle. | 2:15-17; 4:1, 3-5, 9, 14, 17; 5:4-5, 19 |
| Overcome / Victory | જીતવું / વિજય | Jītvũ / Vijay | νικάω / νίκη (nikaō/nikē) | Critical | Overcoming the World | Direct etymological/conceptual collision with “Jina/Jain” (the Victor who conquers karma by self-effort). Victory here is received through faith in Christ, not ascetic self-conquest. Requires theologian review every occurrence. | 2:13-14; 4:4; 5:4-5 |
| Test the spirits | આત્માઓની પરખ કરવી | Ātmāonī parakh karvī | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | High | Testing the Spirits | Doctrinal, christological discernment (confession of the incarnation), not occult/astrological/oracular spirit-testing folk practice. | 4:1 |
| Antichrist | ખ્રિસ્તવિરોધી | Khristvirodhī | ἀντίχριστος (antichristos) | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Specific doctrinal category (denier of Christ’s incarnate Sonship), not a generic “enemy of religion.” | 2:18, 22; 4:3 |
| Anointing | અભિષેક | Abhiṣek | χρῖσμα (chrisma) | Medium | Testing the Spirits | Also the standard word for Hindu ritual deity-anointing; context must clarify this is the Spirit’s teaching gift given to every believer, not a priestly ritual act on an image. | 2:20, 27 |
| Truth | સત્ય | Satya | ἀλήθεια (alētheia) | High | Testing the Spirits; Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Distinguish from the Jain satya-vrata (ethical vow of truthfulness) and Gandhian satyāgraha; biblical truth is God’s revealed reality in Christ, received/confessed, not a virtue perfected by vow-keeping. | 1:6, 8; 2:4, 21; 3:18-19; 4:6; 5:6 |
| Idols | મૂર્તિઓ | Mūrtio | εἴδωλα (eidōla) | Critical | Overcoming the World | Direct collision with pervasive Hindu mūrti-pūjā and Jain Tīrthaṅkara-image veneration in Gujarat (derasars). Must not be softened; consistent with baseline rule against softening doctrinal claims for interfaith sensitivity. | 5:21 |
| Boldness / Confidence | હિંમત / ખાતરી | Himmat / Khātrī | παρρησία (parrēsia) | High | Assurance of Salvation | ખાતરી aligned with baseline’s “assurance_of_salvation” doctrine language (ઉદ્ધારની ખાતરી). Rests on Christ’s propitiation, not karmic standing. | 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14 |
| Perfect / Perfected | સંપૂર્ણ (કરવું/થવું) | Sampūrṇa (karvũ/thavũ) | τελειόω (teleioō) | High | Fellowship with God; God is Love | Distinguish from Jain siddha/kevalin self-attained perfection; here love is brought to full expression in believers by God’s indwelling, not achieved by ascetic self-discipline. | 2:5; 4:12, 17-18 |
| Abide / Remain | રહેવું / સ્થિર રહેવું | Rahevũ / Sthir rahevũ | μένω (menō) | High | Fellowship with God and One Another | Relational, ongoing mutual indwelling flowing from new birth/adoption; not an impersonal cosmic-Self indwelling (paramātmā, already excluded by baseline for Holy Spirit). | 2:6, 10, 14, 17, 19, 24, 27-28; 3:6, 9, 14-15, 17, 24; 4:12-13, 15-16 |
| Commandment | આજ્ઞા | Āgnā | ἐντολή (entolē) | Medium | Love for the Brethren | Built on baseline’s વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન root. Fruit of new birth/indwelling love, not a merit-earning vrata (vow). | 2:3-4, 7-8; 3:22-24; 4:21; 5:2-3 |
| Lawlessness | નિયમહીનતા | Niyam-hīnatā | ἀνομία (anomia) | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Built on baseline’s નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (law) root; sin defined relative to God’s revealed will, not impersonal karma-particle accrual (baseline caution for sin/karma-pudgala applies). | 3:4 |
| Brother / Brethren | ભાઈ / ભાઈઓ | Bhāi / Bhāio | ἀδελφός (adelphos) | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Spiritual family in Christ, transcending jāti/caste-brotherhood structures prominent in Gujarati social life; must not be softened to an in-group-only ethic. | 2:9-11; 3:10, 13-17; 4:20-21 |
| Word of Life / Word | વચન | Vachan | λόγος (logos) | High | Fellowship with God (via eyewitness testimony) | Distinguish from Hindu Shabda-Brahman/Om primordial-sound theology; the Word is the specific, embodied, historically-encountered person of Christ. | 1:1 |
| Propitiation-adjacent: Blood | લોહી | Lohī | αἷμα (haima) | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Sacrificial, atoning, once-for-all; not a repeatable ritual-purification offering. Link explicitly to ἱλασμός/4:10. | 1:7; 5:6, 8 |
| Cleanse | શુદ્ધ કરવું | Śuddha karvũ | καθαρίζω (katharizō) | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Contextually acceptable given explicit link to Christ’s blood in 1:7; retain that causal link to avoid drift toward ritual/ascetic purity sense. | 1:7, 9 |
| Lust / Desire | દેહની ઈચ્છા / લાલસા | Dehnī ichchā / Lālasā | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | High | Overcoming the World | Avoid unqualified વાસના, which carries a technical Hindu/Jain sense of karmic residue driving rebirth-craving; here it is simple misdirected desire. | 2:16 |
| Pride of life | જીવનનું અભિમાન | Jīvannũ abhimān | ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου (alazoneia tou biou) | Medium | Overcoming the World | Partial conceptual overlap with Jain māna-kashaya (pride-passion); clarify that it is overcome by new birth/love, not ascetic self-conquest. | 2:16 |
| Compassion / Bowels of mercy | કરુણા / દયા | Karuṇā / Dayā | σπλάγχνα (splagchna) | Medium | Love for the Brethren | Distinguish from generalized ahimsa-based universal compassion cultivated as merit; here directed specifically toward “a brother in need” within the family of faith. | 3:17 |
| Know (relational) | ઓળખવું / જાણવું | Oḷakhvũ / Jāṇvũ | γινώσκω (ginōskō) | Critical | Fellowship with God; Testing the Spirits | Distinguish from both ancient Gnostic gnōsis (the letter’s original polemical target) and Jain/Hindu jñāna as self-attained enlightenment (e.g. kevala-jñāna); relational covenant knowledge evidenced by love and obedience. | 2:3-5, 13-14; 3:1, 6, 16, 19-20; 4:6-8, 16 |
| Devil / Evil One | શેતાન / દુષ્ટ | Śetān / Duṣṭa | διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός (diabolos / ho ponēros) | Medium | Overcoming the World | Established Gujarati Christian loanword (શેતાન); low collision risk. | 3:8, 10, 12; 5:18-19 |
| Murderer | હત્યારો | Hatyāro | ἀνθρωποκτόνος (anthrōpoktonos) | Low | Love for the Brethren | Standard term. | 3:12, 15 |
| Liar | જૂઠો | Jūṭho | ψεύστης (pseustēs) | Low | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Testing the Spirits | Standard term. | 1:10; 2:4, 22; 4:20; 5:10 |
| Fear | ભય | Bhaya | φόβος (phobos) | Low | God is Love | Standard term. | 4:18 |
| Torment / Punishment | સજા | Sajā | κόλασις (kolasis) | Low | God is Love | Standard term. | 4:18 |
| Testimony / Witness | સાક્ષી (આપવી) | Sākṣī (āpvī) | μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω (martyria/martyreō) | Medium | Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | Standard legal/testimonial term. | 1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11 |
| Water and Blood (evidentiary) | પાણી અને લોહી | Pāṇī ane lohī | ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα (hydōr kai haima) | Medium | Incarnation and Antichrist | Historical, evidentiary witnesses to the real incarnate and crucified Christ; not ritual-purification agents in themselves. | 5:6, 8 |
| Request / Petition | વિનંતી | Vinantī | αἴτημα (aitēma) | Low | Assurance of Salvation | Consistent with baseline’s use of વિનંતી for entreaty. | 5:15 |
| Sin unto death | મરણ તરફ દોરી જનારું પાપ | Maraṇ taraf dorī janārũ pāp | ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον (hamartia pros thanaton) | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Interpretively difficult pastoral-disciplinary category; flag for theologian/native-speaker review whenever taught. | 5:16 |
| Walk (moral) | ચાલવું | Chālvũ | περιπατέω (peripateō) | Medium | Fellowship with God (walking in the light) | Distinguish from Jain samyak chāritrya (self-attained right conduct, already rejected in baseline for “righteousness”); walking in light is Spirit-enabled, not self-perfected. | 1:6-7; 2:6, 11 |
| Only begotten / Unique | એકમાત્ર (પુત્ર) | Ekmātra (putra) | μονογενής (monogenēs) | Critical | Sonship of Christ | Reinforces baseline’s પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર exclusivity; Christ is not one avatar/descent among many nor one of twenty-four Tīrthaṅkaras. | 4:9 |
| Seed (God’s seed abiding) | બીજ | Bīj | σπέρμα (sperma) | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Distinguish from an innate, eternally pre-existing soul-substance (Hindu ātman/Jain jīva); this seed is given at new birth. | 3:9 |
Forbidden Substitutions Specific to 1 John (in addition to baseline list)
| Concept | NEVER use | ALWAYS use | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| World (κόσμος) | સંસાર | જગત | સંસાર names the Hindu/Jain cycle of worldly bondage/transmigration, not John’s moral value-system sense |
| Eternal life (ζωὴ αἰώνιος) | સનાતન જીવન | અનંત જીવન | સનાતન invokes “Sanātan Dharma,” Hinduism’s self-designation |
| Lust/desire (ἐπιθυμία), unqualified | વાસના (alone) | દેહની ઈચ્છા / લાલસા | વાસના carries a technical Hindu/Jain sense of karmic residue driving rebirth-craving |
| Born of God (γεννάω) | પુનર્જન્મ | પરમેશ્વરથી નવો જન્મ (પામેલા) | Reincarnation-cycle language; already forbidden in baseline for “resurrection” and equally inappropriate here |
| Propitiation (ἱλασμός), unqualified | પ્રાયશ્ચિત (without doctrinal clarification) | પ્રાયશ્ચિત + mandatory clarifying note that God provides it through Christ | Standard term must be retained (established Gujarati Bible usage) but never left to stand alone without the God-initiated-agency clarification |
| Overcome/victory (νικάω) | જીતવું/વિજય (without doctrinal clarification) | જીતવું/વિજય + mandatory note distinguishing from self-effort “Jina” conquest | Direct etymological collision with “Jain,” requires clarification every occurrence |
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All baseline entries retain their exact recorded Gujarati renderings and risk tiers when reused in 1 John. New entries above are proposed for incorporation into an updated translation memory (version increment) at the start of Phase 2.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God is Light / God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: ભગવાન is extremely common colloquially in Gujarat for any Hindu deity, and among Jains is often applied to the Tirthankaras — perfected, liberated human teachers rather than an eternal creator. પરમેશ્વર is preferred for doctrinal precision. In 1 John, this is the fixed subject of both ‘God is Light’ (1:5) and ‘God is Love’ (4:8, 16) — never invert this predication (never ‘પ્રેમ એ જ પરમેશ્વર છે’).
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ઈસુ is the Gujarati Christian standard; ઈસા is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage.
Christ
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્ત
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package’s fixed proper-name transliteration standard (baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md: ‘Christ = ખ્રિસ્ત’). In 1 John, ‘Christ’ functions primarily within the letter’s fixed confessional formula ‘Jesus is the Christ’ (2:22; 4:2; 5:1) — denial of this formula is the letter’s own definition of antichrist (2:22). Distinct from but complementary to baseline’s મસીહા (messiah) entry.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર
Transliteration: Parmeśvarno Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: દેવપુરુષ, અવતારી પુરુષ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: full phrase required; conveys eternal, unique Sonship, not a divinely-favored human or one avatar-figure among many. In 1 John this is the object of saving confession (4:15; 5:5, 10-13) and must never be collapsed into believers’ derivative ‘children of God’ (see children_of_god entry).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification / Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never પરમાત્મા (Hindu Universal Self) or બ્રહ્મ (Brahman). In 1 John, also the standard against which teaching spirits are tested (4:1-6) and the ground of assurance (3:24; 4:13) — must never be rendered as an impersonal indwelling cosmic Self.
Father
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father; in 1 John, the one to whom believers have fellowship (1:3), before whom Christ serves as Advocate (2:1), and from whom believers receive the status of ‘children’ (3:1).
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 John’s entire logic of propitiation and love: God acting first (4:10, 19), never a reward for prior devotion or merit. Never નિર્જરા (Jain karmic-shedding through austerity) or પુણ્ય (accumulated merit).
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία (conceptual basis of σωτήρ, 4:14; ζωὴ αἰώνιος, 5:11-13)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, or સિદ્ધત્વ. Underlying reality behind 1 John’s ‘Savior of the world’ (4:14) and ‘eternal life’ (5:11-13) language.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Original: ἀνάστασις (conceptual background; life-from-death theme)
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER પુનર્જન્મ. Implicit background to 1 John’s life-from-death theme and its insistence on Christ’s genuine flesh-and-blood, historically-encountered humanity (1:1-3; 5:6).
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος (implicit Christological title)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: conveys a living, presently reigning sovereign, not a Jain Tirthankara permanently withdrawn from the world in eternal non-interaction.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: દેહધારણ
Transliteration: dehdhāraṇ
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: અવતાર
Original: Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα (4:2); cf. 1:1-3, 5:6
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER અવતાર. 1 John’s own eyewitness, tangible-body emphasis (‘heard, seen, looked upon, touched,’ 1:1-3) and its doctrinal test (4:2-3, ‘Jesus Christ come in the flesh’) sharpen this baseline caution: this is the letter’s original anti-docetic polemic, doubly relevant given Dwarka’s avatar-theology prominence in Gujarat.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ધર્મ or સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય (the Jain self-attained Jewel of right conduct). Describes both God’s character (‘He is righteous,’ 1:9) and evidence of new birth (2:29; 3:7).
Justification
Approved rendering: ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું
Transliteration: nyāyī ṭharāvavũ
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: માફી મળવી, પુણ્ય કમાવું
Original: δικαίωσις (conceptual background)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptual background to 1:9’s assurance of forgiveness from a ‘righteous’ God; a forensic declaration, not a felt experience or accumulated merit.
Light
Approved rendering: પ્રકાશ
Transliteration: prakāś
Doctrine: God is Light
Original: φῶς
Category: God
NEW. One of only two ‘God is ___’ identity statements in the NT (1:5; cf. 4:8). CRITICAL: risks merging with Gujarat’s Diwali-associated devotional light-imagery (triumph/blessing generically) or with the Jain doctrine of kevala-jñāna, described as an infinite ‘light’ of omniscience attained by a liberated soul’s own effort. Must always be paired with its ethical outworking (1:6-7: walking in the light, confession, fellowship) so it reads as a moral-relational claim, not a metaphysical radiance attainable by the soul.
Love
Approved rendering: પ્રેમ
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: God
NEW. CRITICAL: this is the core-passage term (4:7-21). પ્રેમ is saturated in Gujarat’s dominant Vaishnav devotional culture (centered on Dwarka) with prem-bhakti associations — the romantic/devotional love of Radha for Krishna, or a devotee’s emotional longing toward a chosen deity, flowing devotee-to-deity. 1 John’s ἀγάπη is God’s own initiating, sacrificial, others-directed love demonstrated concretely in sending His Son (4:9-10, 19) — the reverse direction of agency from bhakti devotion. Every occurrence must be anchored to 4:9-10 and 4:19. NEVER invert the predicate order of ‘God is love’ (never ‘પ્રેમ એ જ પરમેશ્વર છે’).
Confession Of Sin
Approved rendering: કબૂલ કરવું / પાપની કબૂલાત
Transliteration: kabūl karvũ / pāpnī kabūlāt
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: પ્રતિક્રમણ-શૈલી કબૂલાત
Original: ὁμολογῶμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sin
NEW. CRITICAL: 1 John 1:9’s confession is a believer’s honest acknowledgment of sin to a faithful, forgiving Father, on the basis of Christ’s already-accomplished propitiation — not the Jain pratikraman practice, a formal, often twice-daily and Paryushan-tied ritual of reciting faults to shed karmic matter (karma-pudgala) through the practitioner’s own discipline. The mechanism of forgiveness is God’s character and Christ’s blood, never the confession-act itself as a merit-generating or karma-shedding technique.
Confession Of Christ
Approved rendering: કબૂલ કરવું (ખ્રિસ્ત વિષે કબૂલાત)
Transliteration: kabūl karvũ (Khrist viṣe kabūlāt)
Doctrine: Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ὁμολογήσῃ ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός / ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Public, verbal acknowledgment that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God come in the flesh (2:23; 4:2-3, 15; 5:1) — the letter’s doctrinal test distinguishing true confession from antichrist denial. Shares the bare verb કબૂલ કરવું with confession_of_sin (same Greek root ὁμολογέω, different object); the object noun MUST always be stated explicitly in every segment to avoid conflating the two distinct theological acts.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: પ્રાયશ્ચિત
Transliteration: prāyaśchit
Doctrine: Propitiation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પાપ માટે બલિદાન (unqualified, milder ‘sacrifice for sin’ that drops the wrath-satisfying nuance)
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
NEW. The single highest-collision new term in this curriculum. પ્રાયશ્ચિત is the standard Sanskrit-derived Gujarati word for Hindu Dharmashastra self-performed penance and for one recognized Jain means (via pratikraman-associated discipline) of shedding accumulated karma through the sinner’s own effort. Every occurrence MUST carry the mandatory clarifying frame that God Himself supplies and performs the propitiation through Christ’s blood (4:10b, ‘He loved us and sent His Son’) — reversing the self-effort direction of agency assumed by both source traditions. Human theologian review required on every occurrence, no exceptions.
Savior
Approved rendering: તારનાર
Transliteration: tāranār
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મુક્તિદાતા, તીર્થંકર
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ as the one who Himself accomplishes the world’s rescue (4:14), built on the same root family as baseline ઉદ્ધાર. Must not be confused with a liberated teacher-figure (Tirthankara) who merely shows others a path to self-attained release; the Savior accomplishes the rescue Himself, on the world’s behalf.
New Birth
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરથી નવો જન્મ પામેલા
Transliteration: Parmeśvarthī navo janma pāmelā
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, દ્વિજ
Original: γεννάω / γεγέννηται ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL — anchor term for ‘Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth.’ MUST NEVER use પુનર્જન્મ (reincarnation-cycle language, already forbidden in baseline for ‘resurrection’). Also never associated with દ્વિજ (‘twice-born,’ the caste-bound sacred-thread initiation concept). This is a single, decisive, Spirit-wrought new birth, not a repeatable cycle of births driven by karma, and its resulting family (ભાઈ, ‘brother’) crosses all jāti/caste lines.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: અનંત જીવન
Transliteration: anant jīvan
Doctrine: Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: સનાતન જીવન, મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. CRITICAL: MUST NEVER render as સનાતન જીવન — સનાતન invokes ‘Sanātan Dharma,’ mainstream Hinduism’s own self-designation, which would cast Christian eternal life as a variant within that tradition’s eternal-order framework. Also never મોક્ષ/મુક્તિ/કેવલજ્ઞાન/સિદ્ધત્વ. Eternal life is a present, relational possession through the Son (1:2; 5:11-13, 20), not liberation from a karmic cycle or self-attained omniscience.
Overcome
Approved rendering: જીતવું / વિજય
Transliteration: jītvũ / vijay
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω / νίκη
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL — the single most historically pointed collision term in this curriculum for a Gujarati audience: the name ‘Jain’ derives from Jina, ‘the Victor/Conqueror,’ the title of the twenty-four Tirthankaras believed to have conquered karma and worldly passions entirely through their own ascetic self-effort. 1 John 5:4-5 uses the identical victory/conquest category but locates the means entirely outside the self — faith that Jesus is the Son of God. Every occurrence MUST carry a mandatory clarifying note distinguishing this from self-effort ‘Jina’ conquest. Human theologian review required on every occurrence, on par with salvation/resurrection/incarnation.
Idols
Approved rendering: મૂર્તિઓ
Transliteration: mūrtio
Doctrine: Idolatry and Exclusive Worship of God
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. CRITICAL. The letter’s closing command (5:21) lands with unusual directness in Gujarat, where image-veneration is central and highly visible in both dominant traditions: Hindu mūrti-pūjā (temple image worship) and Jain Tirthankara veneration in the derasar. Per the baseline’s standing rule never to soften universality/doctrinal claims for interfaith sensitivity, this must be rendered with full, direct force intact. Flagged for mandatory human theologian review given its doctrinal and community-sensitivity weight.
Know Relational
Approved rendering: ઓળખવું / જાણવું
Transliteration: oḷakhvũ / jāṇvũ
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: જ્ઞાન, કેવલજ્ઞાન
Original: γινώσκω
Category: Faith
NEW. CRITICAL. Experiential, relational knowing of God, evidenced by love and obedience (2:3-5, 13-14; 3:1, 6, 16, 19-20; 4:6-8, 16), not abstract cognition or esoteric enlightenment. This is 1 John’s own original battleground — proto-Gnostic opponents claimed a superior gnōsis of God apart from love and Christ’s flesh — doubled in Gujarat by the Jain/Hindu jñāna ideal (e.g. kevala-jñāna, the omniscience a soul attains by its own effort). 1 John’s point is the reverse: knowing God is evidenced by loving others, not by claimed spiritual attainment.
Only Begotten
Approved rendering: એકમાત્ર પુત્ર
Transliteration: ekmātra putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પ્રથમ સર્જન (Jehovah’s Witness-style ‘first creation’ subordinationist gloss)
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology
NEW. CRITICAL. Christ’s unique, one-of-a-kind Sonship, sent by the Father into the world (4:9), used in conjunction with baseline’s પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર. Must never be glossed with createdness language (e.g. ‘first creation,’ the Jehovah’s Witness rendering pattern); must preserve exclusivity — Christ is not one avatar/descent among Krishna’s many, nor one Tirthankara among twenty-four.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Jesus as the Son of God specifically (5:1, 5), not bhakti-style devotional reverence toward a chosen deity or Tirthankara. In 1 John, the specific means by which the world is overcome (5:4-5).
Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God. 1 John defines sin explicitly as ‘lawlessness’ (3:4, see lawlessness entry) and deals with it through confession and Christ’s atoning blood (1:7-10; 4:10), never through impersonal karma-particle accrual (karma-pudgala) removed by self-imposed austerity.
Adoption
Approved rendering: દત્તકપણું
Transliteration: dattakpaṇũ
Doctrine: Children of God and Adoption
Rejected alternatives: દત્તક લેવું
Original: υἱοθεσία (conceptual background to τέκνα θεοῦ)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptual background to 1 John’s repeated ‘children of God’ language (3:1-2). Guards against renderings implying reduced or provisional family status.
Called
Approved rendering: તેડાયેલા
Transliteration: tedāyelā
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: આમંત્રિત
Original: κλητός (conceptual background to new birth/children of God)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package for cross-curriculum consistency; background to 1 John’s ‘children of God’/‘born of God’ language.
Calling
Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Original: κλῆσις (conceptual background)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package for cross-curriculum consistency. Noun form of God’s summons; not human-initiated seeking or impersonal fate.
Holy
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: God is Light
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ
Original: ἅγιος (conceptual; underlies ‘God is light’ ethical holiness)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. The ethical corollary of ‘God is Light’ (1:5-7): set apart for God and morally pure, not merely ritual-purity language.
Law
Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Lawlessness and the Definition of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, શરિયત
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ધર્મ. Root of 1 John’s નિયમહીનતા (lawlessness, 3:4), 1 John’s positive definition of sin as transgression of God’s revealed will, not impersonal karma-particle matter.
Darkness
Approved rendering: અંધકાર
Transliteration: andhakār
Doctrine: God is Light
Rejected alternatives: અવિદ્યા
Original: σκοτία / σκότος
Category: God
NEW. Moral and spiritual estrangement from God (1:5-6; 2:8-11). Must be distinguished from the Hindu/Jain concept of avidyā (metaphysical ignorance overcome through jñāna); here darkness is willful moral estrangement overcome relationally through confession and Christ’s blood.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: માફ કરવું / માફી
Transliteration: māf karvũ / māfī
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: મિચ્છામિ દુક્કડમ્-શૈલી ક્ષમા
Original: ἀφίημι / ἀφῇ
Category: Sin
NEW. God’s judicial pardon of sin, granted on confession, on the basis of His faithful and righteous character (1:9) and Christ’s blood (1:7). Distinguish from the Jain Micchāmi Dukkaḍaṃ practice of ritualized, mutual, calendar-bound (Paryushan-tied) forgiveness-seeking among community members — a horizontal, largely social-religious exchange, not God’s vertical, judicial pardon secured once for all by Christ’s blood.
Advocate
Approved rendering: મધ્યસ્થ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: Advocate and Intercession of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, તીર્થંકર
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ Himself, presently pleading the believer’s case before the Father on the basis of His own propitiatory sacrifice (2:1-2). Aligned with baseline’s મધ્યસ્થતા (intercession). Must be distinguished from a human guru or Tirthankara serving as a spiritual intermediary or exemplary model — Christ personally and presently intercedes; He does not merely teach a path others must walk themselves.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરના બાળકો
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnā bāḷako
Doctrine: Children of God and Adoption
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Believers’ status as God’s offspring by new birth, with full family standing (3:1-2, 10; 5:2). Must preserve the distinction that believers’ childship is derivative and by grace (new birth and adoption), never collapsing Christ’s unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship (Critical baseline tier, પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર) into the same category as believers’ status — a risk heightened by bhakti traditions describing devotees as extensions or fragments of divine essence.
World
Approved rendering: જગત
Transliteration: jagat
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: સંસાર
Original: κόσμος
Category: Ethics
NEW. Fallen humanity organized in a value-system opposed to God (2:15-17), overcome by faith (5:4-5). NEVER સંસાર — the precise Hindu/Jain technical term for the cycle of worldly bondage and transmigration through which the soul passes toward moksha/kevalajñāna. κόσμος here is a moral-relational value-system, not a metaphysical bondage-cycle.
Test The Spirits
Approved rendering: આત્માઓની પરખ કરવી
Transliteration: ātmāonī parakh karvī
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: ભૂવા દ્વારા પરખ, જ્યોતિષ પરીક્ષણ
Original: δοκιμάζετε τὰ πνεύματα
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. Doctrinal, christological discernment against the specific, statable criterion of confessing Jesus Christ come in the flesh (4:1-3), not general spiritual intuition or occult/divinatory practice. Gujarat’s folk-religious landscape includes traditional bhuvā/oracle spirit-testing and astrological consultation; this test must retain its specific doctrinal content and never be left as generic ‘spiritual discernment.‘
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તવિરોધી
Transliteration: Khristvirodhī
Doctrine: Antichrist as Denial of the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મનો શત્રુ
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW. Transliterated compound consistent with baseline’s ખ્રિસ્ત. A specific doctrinal category — one who denies that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, come in the flesh (2:18, 22; 4:3) — not a vague, generic ‘enemy of religion’ label (ધર્મનો શત્રુ), which some informal paraphrase tracts have used and which erases the letter’s specific christological content.
Truth
Approved rendering: સત્ય
Transliteration: satya
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. God’s own self-consistent, self-revealing reality, ultimately embodied in Christ, opposed to deception about His person (1:6, 8; 2:4, 21; 3:18-19; 4:6; 5:6). સત્ય is also one of the five great vows (mahāvratas) of Jain ascetic ethics (satya-vrata) and a celebrated Gandhian/Gujarati cultural virtue (satyāgraha). Usable pedagogically as a partial ethical bridge for 3:18, but must be distinguished at its theological core: biblical truth is God’s revealed reality received and confessed, not a moral discipline perfected through vow-keeping.
Boldness
Approved rendering: હિંમત / ખાતરી
Transliteration: himmat / khātrī
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Unhindered confidence before God (2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14), resting on Christ’s finished propitiation. ખાતરી is aligned with baseline’s assurance-of-salvation doctrine language (ઉદ્ધારની ખાતરી). This assurance rests on Christ’s finished work, not on the ever-shifting karmic ledger by which both Hindu and Jain frameworks assess a soul’s future standing.
Perfected
Approved rendering: સંપૂર્ણ (કરવું/થવું)
Transliteration: sampūrṇa (karvũ/thavũ)
Doctrine: God is Love
Rejected alternatives: સિદ્ધ, કેવલી
Original: τελειόω / τετελειωμένη
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Love (or the believer) brought to its intended goal and full expression through God’s own indwelling presence (2:5; 4:12, 17-18). Must be distinguished from the Jain category of a soul reaching siddha/kevalin status — perfection attained by the practitioner’s own ascetic effort culminating in liberation. Here, love is perfected in believers through God’s indwelling, not achieved by the believer’s self-discipline.
Abide
Approved rendering: રહેવું / સ્થિર રહેવું
Transliteration: rahevũ / sthir rahevũ
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મામાં વિલીન થવું
Original: μένω
Category: Church
NEW. A key Johannine verb (used ~24x in 1 John), describing mutual, ongoing relational indwelling of God and believer (2:6, 24, 27-28; 3:24; 4:12-13, 15-16). Must not be rendered as merging into an impersonal, undifferentiated cosmic Self (Hindu ātman/paramātmā) — already excluded by baseline for પવિત્ર આત્મા. This is relational permanence rooted in the new-birth/adoption relationship, not dissolution of distinct personhood.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: નિયમહીનતા
Transliteration: niyam-hīnatā
Doctrine: Lawlessness and the Definition of Sin
Rejected alternatives: કર્મ-મળ (karma-pudgala accrual framing)
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. 1 John’s positive definition of sin: ‘sin is lawlessness’ (3:4). Built directly on baseline’s નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (law) root. Sin is defined relative to God’s revealed moral will, not the impersonal karmic residue (karma-pudgala) that in Jain doctrine adheres automatically to the soul through any action, intentional or not.
Brother
Approved rendering: ભાઈ
Transliteration: bhāi
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: જાતિ-ભાઈ, ન્યાત-બંધુ
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church
NEW. A fellow believer, spiritual sibling in the family of God (2:9-11; 3:10-17; 4:20-21). Gujarat’s social fabric is deeply organized by jāti (caste) and community ‘brotherhoods’ (bhāi-mandaḷs); ‘love the brother’ must be taught as love across all such lines within the new spiritual family in Christ and must never be softened into an in-group-only ethic.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: વચન (જીવનનું વચન)
Transliteration: vachan (jīvannũ vachan)
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: શબ્દ-બ્રહ્મ, ઓમ
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
NEW. The eternal self-expression of God identified with the historical, tangible person of Christ, heard/seen/touched by eyewitnesses (1:1-3). વચન must never be absorbed into the Hindu philosophical concept of Shabda-Brahman (the primordial sound/word as impersonal ultimate reality, e.g. the sacred syllable Om) — the referent here is the specific, embodied, historically-encountered person of Jesus Christ.
Blood
Approved rendering: લોહી
Transliteration: lohī
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ’s sacrificial, atoning blood, which cleanses believers from all sin (1:7) and, with water, testifies to His incarnate death (5:6, 8). Must be linked doctrinally to propitiation (4:10) as the same single atoning event, never a repeatable ritual-purification blood-offering paralleling temple sacrificial systems familiar in Gujarat’s religious environment.
Lust
Approved rendering: દેહની ઈચ્છા / લાલસા
Transliteration: dehnī ichchā / lālasā
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: વાસના (unqualified)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Ethics
NEW. Disordered desire directed at worldly gratification (2:16). Deliberately avoids unqualified વાસના, which carries a technical Hindu/Jain sense of latent karmic impressions/residues carried across lifetimes that drive future rebirth and craving — a metaphysically loaded sense inappropriate for John’s simple moral-relational sense of misdirected present desire.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Original: ἐκκλησία (conceptual; implicit corporate address)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The corporate community 1 John addresses as ‘little children,’ ‘beloved,’ and ‘brethren.’ Never મંદિર or દેરાસર.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: anya prajāo
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: વિદેશીઓ
Original: ἔθνη (conceptual background to ‘the whole world,’ 2:2; 5:19)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package for cross-curriculum consistency; conceptually present in 1 John’s universal-scope claims (‘the whole world,’ 2:2).
Intercession
Approved rendering: મધ્યસ્થતા
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Advocate and Intercession of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Root of 1 John’s મધ્યસ્થ (advocate, 2:1); Christ personally and presently pleads the believer’s case before the Father.
Anointing
Approved rendering: અભિષેક
Transliteration: abhiṣek
Doctrine: Anointing and the Teaching Ministry of the Spirit
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. The Holy Spirit’s indwelling teaching ministry given to every believer (2:20, 27), not an elite/esoteric initiation. અભિષેક is also the standard Gujarati word for ritual deity-anointing (temple abhishek with milk/water/ghee) in Hindu worship; surrounding text must preserve 2:20’s ‘you all have’ framing so this reads as universal believer-possession, not a priestly ritual act performed upon an image.
Commandment
Approved rendering: આજ્ઞા
Transliteration: āgnā
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: વ્રત
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Ethics
NEW. An authoritative directive from God flowing out of love and new birth already received (2:3-4, 7-8; 3:22-24; 4:21; 5:2-3), built on baseline’s વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન root. Must be distinguished from a vrata (religious vow) — the devotional/ascetic vow-keeping structure prominent in both Jain and Hindu practice by which a devotee accrues spiritual standing. This commandment is the fruit of new birth and indwelling love, not its precondition.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: શુદ્ધ કરવું
Transliteration: śuddha karvũ
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. To purify from moral guilt through Christ’s blood and confession (1:7, 9). Contextually acceptable as શુદ્ધ કરવું because the text explicitly names cleansing from sin by blood (relational-moral), but the causal link to Christ’s blood in surrounding text must always be retained to avoid drift toward a ritual/ascetic-purity reading (તપ, self-imposed austerity).
Pride Of Life
Approved rendering: જીવનનું અભિમાન
Transliteration: jīvannũ abhimān
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου
Category: Ethics
NEW. Boastful arrogance about worldly possessions/status (2:16). અભિમાન partially parallels the Jain māna-kashaya (the passion of pride, one of the four principal kaṣāyas obstructing liberation) — usable pedagogically as a bridge, but must be clarified that pride here is overcome through new birth and love, not self-conquest of a kaṣāya through ascetic discipline.
Compassion
Approved rendering: કરુણા / દયા
Transliteration: karuṇā / dayā
Doctrine: Mutual Love in Deed and Truth
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Ethics
NEW. Deep inward compassion specifically directed toward ‘a brother in need,’ as evidence of indwelling love (3:17). કરુણા overlaps with the wider Indian ahimsa-karuna ideal of universal compassion cultivated as spiritual merit; here it is directed specifically toward a brother in need within the family of faith, flowing from indwelling love already received, not a generalized merit-earning benevolence.
Devil
Approved rendering: શેતાન / દુષ્ટ
Transliteration: śetān / duṣṭa
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός
Category: Ethics
NEW. Satan, the evil one, whose works Christ came to destroy (3:8) and from whom the child of God is kept (5:18-19). Established Gujarati Christian loanword; low-to-medium collision risk given established usage.
Testimony
Approved rendering: સાક્ષી (આપવી)
Transliteration: sākṣī (āpvī)
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Christology
NEW. Formal, eyewitness-grounded witness to Christ’s incarnation, sonship, and saving work (1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11), and God’s own testimony as the ground of assurance (5:9-13). Standard legal/testimonial vocabulary; doctrinally weighty given its role establishing the reality of the incarnation against docetic denial.
Water And Blood
Approved rendering: પાણી અને લોહી
Transliteration: pāṇī ane lohī
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ગંગાજળ-શૈલી શુદ્ધિકરણ જળ
Original: ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα
Category: Christology
NEW. Two of the three witnesses (with the Spirit) attesting the reality of the incarnate, crucified Christ against docetic denial (5:6, 8). Should not be read through the lens of Hindu/Jain ritual purification water (e.g. sacred river water, temple abhishek water); here water and blood are historical, evidentiary witnesses, not agents of ritual cleansing in themselves.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: મરણ તરફ દોરી જનારું પાપ
Transliteration: maraṇ taraf dorī janārũ pāp
Doctrine: Sin unto Death (Pastoral Discernment)
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
NEW. A distinct, interpretively difficult category of serious sin for which intercessory prayer is not commanded (5:16). Retained as a descriptive phrase rather than a fixed technical term to preserve appropriate interpretive openness. Flag for native-speaker/theologian review whenever taught, to avoid either karmic-style spiritual anxiety or dismissal of serious apostasy.
Walk
Approved rendering: ચાલવું
Transliteration: chālvũ
Doctrine: Walking in the Light / Sanctification of Life
Rejected alternatives: સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Habitual conduct/lifestyle, especially ‘walking in the light’ as evidence of fellowship with God (1:6-7; 2:6, 11). Compare cautiously with baseline’s rejected સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય (Jain self-attained ‘right conduct,’ one of the Three Jewels) — walking in the light is Spirit-enabled, relationship-flowing conduct, not self-perfected ascetic conduct earning purity.
Seed
Approved rendering: બીજ (તેમનું બીજ)
Transliteration: bīj (temnũ bīj)
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: આત્મા-શૈલી શાશ્વત તત્વ, જીવ
Original: σπέρμα αὐτοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s regenerating implanted principle abiding in the one born of Him, restraining habitual sin (3:9). Must be distinguished from any concept of an innate, eternally pre-existing divine spark or self (Hindu ātman as a fragment of Brahman, or the Jain jīva as an eternal, self-existent soul-substance requiring only purification); this ‘seed’ is given at new birth, not eternally possessed by the soul.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: સંગત
Transliteration: saṅgat
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: મિત્રતા
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The explicit purpose of 1 John’s opening testimony (1:3, 6-7). Distinct from merely social, caste, or business/community association, and never rendered as સત્સંગ (which carries a guru/deity-centered devotional-gathering connotation from Swaminarayan and broader Hindu practice).
Exhort
Approved rendering: પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું
Transliteration: protsāhan āpavũ
Doctrine: Mutual Love in Deed and Truth
Original: παρακαλέω (conceptual; cf. αἴτημα/request, 5:15)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. વિનંતી used for entreaty/petition contexts (cf. 1 John 5:15’s αἴτημα).
Murderer
Approved rendering: હત્યારો
Transliteration: hatyāro
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀνθρωποκτόνος
Category: Ethics
NEW. Exemplified by Cain, and by extension anyone who hates his brother (3:12, 15). Standard vocabulary; no significant collision risk.
Liar
Approved rendering: જૂઠો
Transliteration: jūṭho
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Sin
NEW. One who falsely claims fellowship with God, sinlessness, or love while contradicted by conduct (1:10; 2:4, 22; 4:20; 5:10). Standard vocabulary.
Fear
Approved rendering: ભય
Transliteration: bhaya
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: φόβος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Dread of judgment, cast out by perfected love (4:18). Standard vocabulary.
Torment
Approved rendering: સજા
Transliteration: sajā
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: κόλασις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Punishment associated with fear, contrasted with the security of perfected love (4:18). Standard vocabulary.
Request
Approved rendering: વિનંતી
Transliteration: vinantī
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: αἴτημα
Category: Faith
NEW. A specific petition made to God in confident prayer, according to His will (5:15). Consistent with baseline’s use of વિનંતી for entreaty.
Referenced passages