Core Glossary

Core Glossary — 2 Timothy

Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline

These terms occur in 2 Timothy and MUST use the identical Gujarati rendering already recorded in translation_memory.json. No deviation permitted.

#	English Term	Greek	Gujarati (established)	Doctrine Risk (baseline)	2 Timothy Occurrences
1	God	θεός	પરમેશ્વર	Critical	1:1,1:2,1:3,1:8,2:9,2:15,2:19,3:16,3:17,4:1
2	Lord	κύριος	પ્રભુ	Critical	1:2,1:8,1:16,1:18,2:7,2:19,2:22,2:24,4:8,4:14,4:17,4:18,4:22
3	Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	ઈસુ	Critical	throughout
4	Christ	Χριστός	ખ્રિસ્ત	Critical	throughout
5	Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον	પવિત્ર આત્મા	Critical	1:14
6	Father	πατήρ	પિતા	Critical	1:2
7	grace	χάρις	કૃપા	Critical	1:2,1:9,2:1
8	faith	πίστις	વિશ્વાસ	High	1:5,1:13,2:18,2:22,3:8,3:10,3:15,4:7
9	salvation / save	σωτηρία / σῴζω	ઉદ્ધાર	Critical	1:9,2:10,3:15
10	righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	ન્યાયીપણું	Critical	2:22,3:16,4:8
11	resurrection / raised	ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω	પુનરુત્થાન	Critical	2:8,2:18 (misused by false teachers)
12	holy	ἅγιος	પવિત્ર	High	1:9,1:14,3:15
13	sanctification / sanctified	ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω	પવિત્રીકરણ / પવિત્ર કરાયેલ	High	2:21
14	calling / called	κλῆσις / κλητός	તેડું / તેડાયેલા	High	1:9
15	apostle	ἀπόστολος	પ્રેરિત	Medium	1:1,1:11
16	gospel	εὐαγγέλιον	સુવાર્તા	High	1:8,1:10,2:8
17	peace	εἰρήνη	શાંતિ	Medium	1:2,2:22
18	glory	δόξα	મહિમા	High	1:10,2:10,4:18
19	gentiles	ἔθνη	અન્ય પ્રજાઓ	Medium	1:11
20	sin	ἁμαρτία	પાપ	High	3:6
21	power of God	δύναμις θεοῦ	પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય	High	1:7,1:8,3:5
22	David / seed of David	Δαυίδ / σπέρμα Δαυίδ	દાઉદ / દાઉદના વંશમાંથી	High/Medium	2:8
23	kingdom of God (pattern: “his kingdom”)	βασιλεία	(તેમનું) રાજ્ય	Medium	4:1,4:18
24	election / elect	ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός	પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી / પસંદ કરાયેલા	High	2:10
25	thanksgiving	εὐχαριστία	આભારસ્તુતિ	Low	1:3
26	exhort	παρακαλέω	પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું	Low	4:2
27	incarnation (theological category; appearing #1)	— (ἐπιφάνεια, first sense)	દેહધારણ (paired with પ્રગટન)	Critical	1:10
28	church-adjacent: none present	—	—	—	2 Timothy contains no occurrence of ἐκκλησία; not applicable

Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by 2 Timothy

Full glossary entries proposed for addition to translation memory. Format matches bible_term_registry.json fields.

#	English Term	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Category	Risk	Definition	Gujarati Term	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
1	God-breathed / inspired	θεόπνευστος	theopneustos	Scripture	Critical	Scripture’s origin directly in God’s own speech-act	પરમેશ્વર-પ્રેરિત (Parmeśvar-prerit)	ઈશ્વરપ્રેરિત (uses discouraged ઈશ્વર root); bare પ્રેરિત alone	Never drop the પરમેશ્વર- prefix; bare પ્રેરિત collides with the established “apostle” term. Must be distinguished from Hindu śruti and Jain Āgama concepts of scripture-without-a-personal-divine-author. Primary passage: 2 Tim 3:16.
2	Scripture / sacred writings	γραφή / ἱερὰ γράμματα	graphē / hiera grammata	Scripture	Critical	The God-given body of authoritative writings (OT, and by extension NT)	પવિત્રશાસ્ત્ર (Pavitra Śāstra)	bare શાસ્ત્ર (any authoritative treatise, used identically of Hindu darshana and Jain āgama-śāstra)	Always use the full compound પવિત્રશાસ્ત્ર, never bare શાસ્ત્ર. Consistent with baseline doctrine registry’s existing name “પવિત્રશાસ્ત્રની પ્રેરણા.” Primary passages: 3:15,3:16.
3	teaching / doctrine	διδασκαλία / διδαχή	didaskalia / didachē	Doctrine	High	The body of apostolic content taught; also the act of teaching	ઉપદેશ (updesh)	none proposed; ઉપદેશ retained as established Gujarati Christian usage	Collides with the identical word used of Hindu guru or Jain muni discourse. Always qualify with context (“પરમેશ્વરનો ઉપદેશ” / “ખ્રિસ્તનો ઉપદેશ”) when referring to apostolic doctrine specifically. Primary passages: 3:10,3:16,4:2,4:3.
4	sound doctrine / sound teaching	ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία	hygiainousa didaskalia	Doctrine	Critical	Healthy, life-giving apostolic doctrine, contrasted with diseased/false teaching	તંદુરસ્ત ઉપદેશ (tandurast updesh)	શુદ્ધ ઉપદેશ (શુદ્ધ rejected — carries Jain ritual/ascetic-purity overtones per baseline’s holy/sanctification notes)	તંદુરસ્ત preserves Paul’s medical “healthy vs. diseased” metaphor (cf. γάγγραινα, “gangrene,” 2:17) without invoking purity-through-effort associations. Primary passages: 4:3; cf. 1:13 ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων.
5	pattern of sound words	ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων	hypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōn	Doctrine	High	The fixed apostolic model to be held and copied, not a starting point for innovation	તંદુરસ્ત વચનોનો નમૂનો	—	Reuses તંદુરસ્ત (#4) and વચન (#8) for lexical unity. Primary passage: 1:13.
6	godliness	εὐσέβεια	eusebeia	Christian Living	High	Reverent devotion to God expressed in righteous conduct	પરમેશ્વરભક્તિ (Parmeśvarbhakti)	bare ભક્તિ (generic devotional reverence to any chosen deity, already cautioned against in the baseline’s faith entry)	The compound anchors the devotional object explicitly to પરમેશ્વર, but risk remains High because Gujarat’s devotional culture (Vaishnav/Swaminarayan bhakti) makes ભક્તિ-rooted vocabulary unusually comfortable and easily misread as generic pious devotion. Especially sensitive at 3:5 (“form of godliness…denying its power”), where hollow external religiosity is critiqued. Primary passages: 3:5.
7	Savior	σωτήρ	sōtēr	Christology	Critical	Christ (and God) as the one who rescues through a single historical act of deliverance	તારણહાર (tāraṇhār)	none viable — તારણ-root is the standard Gujarati Christian term	Collides with Vaishnav devotional imagery of “ferrying a soul across the ocean of saṃsāra” (bhava-sāgar tāraṇ). Must always be taught as a one-time historical deliverance through the cross, not a guide across an ongoing rebirth-cycle. Primary passage: 1:10.
8	the word (of God)	λόγος (τοῦ θεοῦ)	logos (tou theou)	Scripture / Preaching	High	The apostolic gospel-message entrusted to Timothy	વચન / પરમેશ્વરનું વચન	શબ્દ (mere “word/utterance,” loses the sense of an authoritative message-body)	Consistent rendering required across 2:9 and 4:2 for the Charge-to-Preach doctrine. Primary passages: 2:9, 4:2.
9	appearing / manifestation	ἐπιφάνεια	epiphaneia	Christology / Eschatology	Critical	(a) Christ’s historical incarnation-manifestation; (b) Christ’s future, final, once-for-all return	પ્રગટન (pragaṭan)	અવતાર-adjacent vocabulary (forbidden — implies repeatable divine descent)	ONE Greek word, TWO distinct doctrinal referents that must be disambiguated in teaching notes each time: 1:10 = incarnation (pair explicitly with established દેહધારણ); 4:1 & 4:8 = Second Coming (a new doctrinal category for this curriculum, undergirding Assurance of Reward). Primary passages: 1:10, 4:1, 4:8.
10	the entrusted deposit	παρακαταθήκη / παρατίθημι / παράθου	parakatathēkē / paratithēmi	Faithful Transmission	High	The gospel as a treasure held in trust, to be guarded and transmitted unaltered	સોંપાયેલ થાપણ (soṅpāyel thāpaṇ) / સોંપવું (verb)	—	Preserves the banking-deposit metaphor (થાપણ = a deposit held for safekeeping in ordinary Gujarati usage). Central to the Faithful Transmission chain of 2:2 (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others). Primary passages: 1:12,1:14,2:2.
11	guard / keep	φυλάσσω / τηρέω	phylassō / tēreō	Guarding Sound Doctrine	High	Active, vigilant preservation of the entrusted gospel deposit and of faith itself	જાળવવું / રક્ષણ કરવું	—	Two related Greek verbs (φυλάσσω, 1:14; τηρέω, 4:7 “kept the faith”) should be rendered with the same or closely related Gujarati root for a unified “guarding” vocabulary across the letter. Primary passages: 1:14, 4:7.
12	preach / herald	κηρύσσω / κήρυξ	kēryssō / kēryx	Charge to Preach	High	Authoritative public proclamation of another’s message (a herald’s role), not personal opinion	પ્રચાર કરવો / પ્રચારક	—	Preserve the herald-nuance in teaching notes: the preacher proclaims a message not his own. Primary passages: 1:11, 4:2.
13	truth	ἀλήθεια	alētheia	Apostasy / Doctrine	High	The specific, revealed content of the apostolic gospel	સત્ય (satya)	—	સત્ય is also the central term of Hindu/Jain ethical-philosophical vocabulary (a Jain mahāvrata; a cardinal Gandhian/Hindu virtue). Always anchor to a specific object (“સુવાર્તાનું સત્ય” / “ખ્રિસ્ત વિષેનું સત્ય”), never left as free-floating abstract Truth. Primary passages: 2:15,2:18,2:25,3:7,3:8,4:4.
14	knowledge of the truth	ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας	epignōsis alētheias	Apostasy / Doctrine	Critical	Precise, directed knowledge of the specific apostolic truth, received by grace	સત્યનું જ્ઞાન (satyanũ jñān)	bare જ્ઞાન (root of કેવલજ્ઞાન, the Jain term for self-attained liberating omniscience, already forbidden as a salvation-substitute in the baseline)	જ્ઞાન must never stand alone as an unqualified good; always render as the full phrase સત્યનું જ્ઞાન and teach it as truth received through repentance/grace, not self-attained enlightenment. Primary passages: 2:25, 3:7.
15	turn away / turn aside / swerve (apostasy word-family)	ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπομαι / ἀστοχέω	apostrephō / ektrepomai / astocheō	Apostasy and False Teachers	High	Willful, deliberate departure from previously-held truth	મુખ ફેરવવું / ભટકી જવું / સત્યથી ચૂકી જવું	—	Three related Greek verbs; render with a consistent Gujarati “turning away/wandering off” word-family across all occurrences (1:15, 2:18, 4:4) so learners recognize the recurring pattern. NOTE the reverse-direction use of the related verb ἀφίστημι in 2:19 (“depart FROM iniquity,” positive) — flag this dual-direction risk explicitly so one uniform verb does not erase the distinction between departing from evil (commanded) and departing from truth (condemned). Primary passages: 1:15, 2:18, 2:19 (contrast), 4:4.
16	myths	μῦθος	mythos	Apostasy and False Teachers	High	Invented, ungrounded religious narratives, opposite of ἀλήθεια	કલ્પિત વાર્તાઓ (kalpit vārtāo)	પુરાણકથાઓ (avoid — names a specific Hindu scripture-corpus, the Purāṇas, by implication)	Prefer the generic “invented/fictional stories” over any rendering that names a specific existing scripture category. Primary passage: 4:4.
17	last days	ἔσχαται ἡμέραι	eschatai hēmerai	Apostasy and False Teachers	Medium-High	The final period of redemptive history preceding Christ’s return	છેલ્લા દિવસો (chellā divaso)	—	Must communicate linear, historically-terminating time, not one more turn of a cyclical age (cf. baseline’s Fulfillment-of-Prophecy caution against Hindu yuga-cycles / Jain beginningless cosmic time). Primary passage: 3:1.
18	sober-minded / sobriety	νήφω / ἀνανήφω / σωφρονισμός	nēphō / ananēphō / sōphronismos	Christian Character	Medium-High	Clear-headed spiritual alertness and self-possession, given by the Spirit	સ્વસ્થ મન / સાવધ	સંયમ (avoid for σωφρονισμός — the primary Jain term for ascetic self-restraint/vow-discipline)	Preserve the sense of Spirit-given clear judgment, not self-achieved ascetic control. Primary passages: 1:7, 4:5; ἀνανήφω at 2:26.
19	repentance	μετάνοια / ἀνανήφω	metanoia	Guarding Sound Doctrine	High	A change of mind/heart granted by God, reversing doctrinal and moral error	પસ્તાવો (pastāvo)	—	New addition to the Language Package (absent from the Romans baseline). Must be taught as God-granted (2:25, “God may perhaps grant them repentance”), not self-generated remorse or ascetic penance (relevant to Hindu/Jain penitential practice). Primary passage: 2:25.
20	vessel (for honorable/dishonorable use)	σκεῦος	skeuos	Sanctification	Low-Medium	A believer as an instrument set apart for God’s use, contingent on personal purity	પાત્ર (pātra)	—	Primary passage: 2:20-21.
21	snare of the devil	παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου	pagis tou diabolou	Spiritual Warfare	Medium	Personal, hostile spiritual opposition (Satan) behind false teaching	શેતાનનો ફાંદો	—	Keep distinct from an impersonal “force of evil” framing; the devil is a personal adversary. Primary passage: 2:26.
22	approved / disqualified (testing metaphor)	δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος	dokimos / adokimos	Guarding Sound Doctrine	High	Passing/failing a metallurgical assay-test of genuineness, applied to faith and ministry	પાસ / નાપાસ (or માન્ય / અસ્વીકૃત)	—	Preserve Paul’s testing-metaphor as an antonym-pair across 2:15 (δόκιμος, “present yourself approved”) and 3:8 (ἀδόκιμοι, “disqualified concerning the faith”). Primary passages: 2:15, 3:8.
23	crown of righteousness	στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης	stephanos tēs dikaiosynēs	Assurance of Reward	High	The victor’s-wreath reward Christ the righteous Judge gives to those who persevere in faith to the end	ન્યાયીપણાનો મુગટ (nyāyīpaṇāno mugaṭ)	—	Must be taught within the grace-framework already established for ન્યાયીપણું/કૃપા — a gracious reward from the righteous Judge, not a good-karma dividend from an impersonal cosmic ledger (a live risk given karma-phala expectations common to both Hindu and Jain frameworks in Gujarat). Primary passage: 4:8.
24	the righteous Judge	ὁ δίκαιος κριτής	ho dikaios kritēs	Assurance of Reward	High	Christ as the personal, just evaluator and rewarder at the end of the age	ન્યાયી ન્યાયાધીશ (nyāyī nyāyādhīś)	—	Reuses the ન્યાય root shared across ન્યાયીપણું / ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું / ન્યાય કરવો (κρίνω, 4:1) for full lexical consistency in the letter’s judgment-and-righteousness vocabulary. Primary passages: 4:1, 4:8.
25	judge (verb/noun)	κρίνω / κριτής	krinō / kritēs	Eschatological Judgment	High	Christ’s role as universal judge of all humanity, living and dead	ન્યાય કરવો / ન્યાયાધીશ	—	Primary passage: 4:1.
26	will award / will repay	ἀποδίδωμι	apodidōmi	Assurance of Reward	High	Christ personally and freely granting reward, an act of grace not automatic cosmic repayment	આપશે (rather than a mechanical-repayment term)	કર્મફળ-style “repayment” framing (avoid)	Must not read as automatic karmic repayment; anchor firmly to “the righteous Judge” as a personal actor. Primary passage: 4:8.
27	mercy	ἔλεος	eleos	Salutation	Medium	God’s compassion toward the miserable/afflicted, distinct from grace (favor toward the undeserving)	દયા (dayā)	—	Keep distinct from કૃપા (grace) in teaching; both appear together in the greeting. Primary passage: 1:2.
28	conscience	συνείδησις	syneidēsis	Christian Character	Medium	The inward faculty of moral self-judgment	અંતઃકરણ (antaḥkaraṇ)	—	Also a technical term in Vedantic philosophy; acceptable as standard Gujarati Christian usage but flagged for translator awareness, not forbidden. Primary passage: 1:3.
29	suffer hardship / endure suffering	κακοπαθέω	kakopatheō	Perseverance under Suffering	Medium-High	Enduring hardship specifically for the sake of gospel ministry	દુઃખ સહન કરવું	—	Central verb of the Perseverance doctrine; render consistently across 1:8 (implied), 2:3, 2:9, 4:5. Primary passages: 2:3, 2:9, 4:5.
30	endure	ὑπομένω	hypomenō	Perseverance under Suffering	Medium-High	Active, patient endurance under pressure, tied to the promise of reigning with Christ	સહન કરવું / ટકી રહેવું	—	Keep distinct in nuance from κακοπαθέω where possible: ὑπομένω emphasizes remaining steadfast through trial; κακοπαθέω emphasizes the hardship endured. Primary passage: 2:10, 2:12.
31	persecution	διωγμός	diōgmos	Perseverance under Suffering	Medium	Organized/social hostility endured for the faith	સતાવણી (satāvaṇī)	—	Standard, established term. Primary passage: 3:11-12.
32	soldier / athlete / farmer (vocational images)	στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός	stratiōtēs / athleō / geōrgos	Perseverance under Suffering	Low	Three images of disciplined, other-directed labor requiring patient endurance	સૈનિક / ખેલાડી / ખેડૂત	—	Primary passage: 2:3-6.
33	fight the good fight / finish the race	τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι / τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα	agōn / dromos	Perseverance under Suffering / Assurance of Reward	Medium	Retrospective claim of a persevering ministry carried through to completion	સારી લડાઈ લડવી / દોડ પૂરી કરવી	—	Primary passage: 4:7.
34	evangelist	εὐαγγελιστής	euangelistēs	Charge to Preach	Medium	One who does the work of proclaiming the gospel	સુવાર્તિક (suvārtik)	—	Deliberately built on the established સુવાર્તા (gospel) root for visible consistency. Primary passage: 4:5.
35	ministry / service	διακονία	diakonia	Charge to Preach	Low	The work/service of gospel ministry	સેવાકાર્ય (sevākārya)	—	Consistent with baseline’s existing “Christ-Centered Ministry” phrase. Primary passage: 4:5.
36	poured out (as a libation)	σπένδομαι	spendomai	Assurance of Reward	Medium-High	Paul’s approaching martyrdom described as a sacrificial offering completing his ministry	અર્પણની જેમ રેડાઈ રહ્યો છું	—	અર્પણ collides with Hindu puja/Jain devotional ritual-offering vocabulary; teach explicitly as a one-time image of self-giving martyrdom, not a repeatable merit-generating ritual. Primary passage: 4:6.
37	itching ears	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	knēthomenoi tēn akoēn	Apostasy and False Teachers	Medium	Insatiable appetite for novel, agreeable teaching rather than truth	કાનમાં ખંજવાળ	—	Preserve the vivid idiom; do not flatten to abstract “curiosity.” Primary passage: 4:3.
38	accumulate teachers	ἐπισωρεύω	episōreuō	Apostasy and False Teachers	Medium-High	Multiplying agreeable teachers rather than submitting to one apostolic truth	પોતાના માટે શિક્ષકોનો ઢગલો કરવો	—	Preserve the “heaping up/excess” nuance; do not soften to a neutral “find teachers.” Primary passage: 4:3.
39	resurrection already happened (false teaching)	ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι	anastasin ēdē gegonenai	Apostasy and False Teachers	Critical	Hymenaeus and Philetus’s false claim that resurrection is already fully realized	પુનરુત્થાન થઈ ગયું છે (એવો દાવો)	—	The established term પુનરુત્થાન itself is unchanged and correct; flag clearly that the error is these teachers’ false claim about it, not a problem with the vocabulary. Primary passage: 2:18.
40	God-breathed compound doctrine terms: correction / reproof / training	ἐπανόρθωσις / ἔλεγχος / παιδεία	epanorthōsis / elegchos / paideia	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	Medium	Scripture’s fourfold practical purposes: teaching, reproof, correction, training	સુધારો / દોષ બતાવવો / કેળવણી	—	Keep distinct from ascetic self-training vocabulary (તપ-શિક્ષણ); this is Scripture-driven formation. Primary passage: 3:16.
41	complete, equipped	ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτίζω	artios / exartizō	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	Medium	Fully furnished/adequate for every good work, through Scripture alone	પરિપૂર્ણ / સજ્જ કરાયેલ	—	Grounds Sufficiency of Scripture: no supplementary source of authority is needed beyond Scripture. Primary passage: 3:17.
42	before the ages / the present age	πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων / ὁ νῦν αἰών	pro chronōn aiōniōn / ho nyn aiōn	Providence / Christian Living	High / Medium	Eternity past (grace’s origin) vs. the present, passing world-order (Demas’s love)	અનંતકાળ પહેલાં / વર્તમાન જગત	સંસાર (avoid for “the present age” — risks resonance with saṃsāra-as-rebirth-cycle)	Preserve linear eternity-past sense for the first phrase; avoid saṃsāra-loaded vocabulary for the second. Primary passages: 1:9, 4:10.

Section 3 — Doctrine-to-Term Mapping (Curriculum Doctrines)

Curriculum Doctrine	Primary New Terms	Primary Reused Terms	Overall Risk
Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	θεόπνευστος, γραφή/ἱερὰ γράμματα, ἄρτιος/ἐξαρτίζω, ἐπανόρθωσις/ἔλεγχος/παιδεία	ન્યાયીપણું	Critical
Perseverance under Suffering	κακοπαθέω, ὑπομένω, διωγμός, στρατιώτης/ἀθλέω/γεωργός, ἀγών/δρόμος	—	High
Guarding Sound Doctrine	διδασκαλία/διδαχή, ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, ὑποτύπωσις, φυλάσσω/τηρέω, δόκιμος/ἀδόκιμος, μετάνοια	પવિત્રીકરણ	Critical
Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	παρακαταθήκη/παρατίθημι, λόγος (τοῦ θεοῦ)	સુવાર્તા	High
The Charge to Preach the Word	κηρύσσω/κήρυξ, εὐαγγελιστής, διακονία	સુવાર્તા	High
Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days	ἀποστρέφω/ἐκτρέπομαι/ἀστοχέω, μῦθος, ἔσχαται ἡμέραι, ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι, κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν, ἐπισωρεύω, ἀλήθεια/ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας	પુનરુત્થાન (misuse), પાપ	Critical
Assurance of Reward	στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ὁ δίκαιος κριτής, κρίνω/κριτής, ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπόκειμαι, ἐπιφάνεια (2nd sense)	ન્યાયીપણું, મહિમા	Critical

Section 4 — Chapters Reviewed with No New Theological Vocabulary

None. All four chapters of 2 Timothy contribute load-bearing theological vocabulary; every chapter is represented in Section 2 above and in 07_semantic_analysis.md Part B. (Chapter 3 vv.14-4:5 and chapter 4 vv.1-5 are covered in the core-passage verse-by-verse analysis in 07_semantic_analysis.md Part A rather than repeated in Part B, but their terms are fully incorporated into this glossary.)

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: ભગવાન is extremely common colloquially in Gujarat for any Hindu deity, and among Jains is often applied to the Tirthankaras. પરમેશ્વર preferred for doctrinal precision. 2 Timothy occurrences throughout (1:1,1:2,1:3,1:8,2:9,2:15,2:19,3:16,3:17,4:1); underlies θεόπνευστος (‘God-breathed’) at 3:16, making consistency here doctrinally load-bearing for the Inspiration doctrine. Note: published Gujarati Bibles (OV/IRV) default to ઈશ્વર; do not correct this curriculum toward that more familiar wording.

Lord

Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: must convey a living, presently reigning sovereign, distinct from a Jain Tirthankara/siddha’s permanent withdrawal. 2 Timothy occurrences: 1:2,1:8,1:16,1:18,2:7,2:19,2:22,2:24,4:8,4:14,4:17,4:18,4:22 — this title grounds the Assurance-of-Reward doctrine (4:8, ‘the Lord will award’) and Christ’s active protection/rescue (4:17-18).

Jesus

Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. ઈસુ is the Gujarati Christian standard; ઈસા is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage. Used throughout 2 Timothy.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never પરમાત્મા (Hindu Universal Self) or બ્રહ્મ (Brahman). 2 Timothy 1:14: the Spirit is the personal agent by whom Timothy is to guard the entrusted deposit, reinforcing personal (not impersonal-force) agency.

Father

Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father. 2 Timothy 1:2 (letter’s opening greeting).

Grace

Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never નિર્જરા, પુણ્ય, or કર્મફળ. 2 Timothy 1:9’s ‘given…before the ages began’ intensifies the anti-merit caution: grace precedes any possible human deed by all of eternity past, directly excluding both the Hindu karma-merit economy and Jain nirjara. Also 1:2, 2:1.

Salvation

Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, or સિદ્ધત્વ. 2 Timothy 1:9 sharpens the baseline note by grounding salvation in God’s ‘own purpose and grace…before the ages began’ — linear eternity-past origin, not merit accumulated within a beginningless cosmic cycle. Also 2:10, 3:15.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Never ધર્મ or સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય. 2 Timothy uses this root in three contexts: Scripture’s formation (3:16), the minister’s pursuit alongside faith/love/peace (2:22), and Christ’s future crown (4:8, ‘crown of righteousness’) — always teach the 4:8 pairing as a gracious reward for grace-sustained faith, never a self-earned merit-badge.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER પુનર્જન્મ. 2 Timothy 2:8 uses the term correctly (settled content of ‘my gospel’). SPECIAL CASE at 2:18: Hymenaeus and Philetus falsely claim the resurrection ‘has already happened’ — the TERM itself remains correct and unchanged; only their claim about its timing is heretical. A mandatory translator note must accompany every occurrence of this false-teaching clause distinguishing the valid vocabulary from the false claim, so learners do not conclude the term itself is unreliable.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: દેહધારણ
Transliteration: dehdhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: અવતાર
Original: ἐπιφάνεια (first sense) / cf. σάρξ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER અવતાર. 2 Timothy 1:9-10 references the incarnation via ἐπιφάνεια (‘appearing’) — must be paired explicitly with the new term ‘appearing’ (પ્રગટન) at 1:10, and sharply disambiguated from that same Greek word’s future, Second-Coming sense at 4:1/4:8.

Christ

Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્ત
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: મસીહા (reserved for the standalone messianic title), અવતારી પુરુષ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

NEW term, not present as a standalone key in the Romans baseline (where Χριστός was absorbed into other terms). Established Gujarati Bible-translation proper-name element ખ્રિસ્ત, distinct from the baseline’s separate ‘messiah’ entry (મસીહા). In 2 Timothy, Χριστός functions almost always as part of the Lord’s proper name (‘Christ Jesus’ / ‘Jesus Christ’) rather than as a standalone messianic title; render consistently as ખ્રિસ્ત, never મસીહા or અવતારી-adjacent phrasing, in this proper-name usage.

God Breathed

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર-પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: Parmeśvar-prerit
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વરપ્રેરિત, bare પ્રેરિત
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture

NEW term, Critical, the single most load-bearing word in the curriculum’s core passage (3:16). Never drop the પરમેશ્વર- prefix (which would collapse into vague ‘inspired’ compatible with any guru’s inspired utterance) and never use bare પ્રેરિત (which collides with the established term for ‘apostle’ = ‘sent one’). Must be sharply distinguished from Hindu śruti (truth eternally ‘heard’ by ancient rishis, no personal divine author) and Jain Āgamas (a Tirthankara’s remembered teaching, no creator-God source). Published Gujarati Bibles (OV/IRV) default to ઈશ્વરપ્રેરિત — expected, known, not to be treated as evidence this rendering is wrong.

Scripture

Approved rendering: પવિત્રશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: Pavitra Śāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: bare શાસ્ત્ર
Original: γραφή / ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture

NEW term, Critical. The God-given body of authoritative writings Timothy learned from childhood (3:15) and which, in its entirety, is God-breathed (3:16). Always use the full compound; never bare શાસ્ત્ર, which in Gujarati religious usage names any authoritative treatise (Hindu darshana-śāstra, Jain āgama-śāstra) without implying divine origin. The word ‘સર્વ’ (‘all/every’) in ‘સર્વ પવિત્રશાસ્ત્ર’ (3:16) must never be dropped — it is the doctrinal ground of Scripture’s sufficiency.

Sound Doctrine

Approved rendering: તંદુરસ્ત ઉપદેશ
Transliteration: tandurast updesh
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ ઉપદેશ
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine

NEW term, Critical. Healthy, life-giving apostolic doctrine, contrasted with diseased/false teaching (cf. 2:17’s ‘gangrene’). Built on તંદુરસ્ત (‘healthy’) rather than શુદ્ધ (‘pure’), already rejected elsewhere in the baseline for Jain ritual/ascetic-purity overtones. This is a NEW technical compound not yet idiomatic in general Gujarati religious vocabulary; gloss on first use in teaching material.

Savior

Approved rendering: તારણહાર
Transliteration: tāraṇhār
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology

NEW term, Critical. Title of Christ as the one who rescues, disclosed through his historical ‘appearing’ (1:10). તારણ/તારક is also the operative verb-root in Vaishnav devotional language for ‘ferrying a soul across’ the ocean of saṃsāra (bhava-sāgar tāraṇ) — especially salient given Dwarka’s Vaishnav centrality in Gujarat. Must always be taught as one-time historical deliverance through the cross, not an ongoing ferrying service across a repeating rebirth-cycle.

Knowledge Of Truth

Approved rendering: સત્યનું જ્ઞાન
Transliteration: satyanũ jñān
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: bare જ્ઞાન
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, Critical. Precise, directed knowledge of the specific apostolic truth, received by God-granted repentance (2:25) and never attained by those constantly learning without arriving at it (3:7). જ્ઞાન is the very root of કેવલજ્ઞાન, the Jain term for self-attained liberating omniscience, already forbidden in the baseline as a salvation-substitute. Never let જ્ઞાન stand alone as an unqualified good.

Resurrection False Teaching

Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન થઈ ગયું છે (એવો દાવો)
Transliteration: punarutthān thaī gayũ chhe (evo dāvo)
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, Critical. Hymenaeus and Philetus’s false claim that the resurrection has already fully occurred (2:18). The established term પુનરુત્થાન itself is unchanged and correct; flag clearly on every occurrence that the error is these teachers’ false claim about its timing/nature, not a problem with the vocabulary. Mandatory translator note required.

Appearing

Approved rendering: પ્રગટન
Transliteration: pragaṭan
Doctrine: Second Coming of Christ
Rejected alternatives: અવતાર-adjacent vocabulary
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology

NEW term, Critical. ONE Greek word (ἐπιφάνεια), TWO distinct doctrinal referents that must be disambiguated each time: 1:10 = the historical incarnation-manifestation (pair explicitly with the established દેહધારણ); 4:1 and 4:8 = Christ’s future, final, once-for-all return (a new doctrinal category, Second Coming of Christ, undergirding Assurance of Reward). NEVER rendered with અવતાર-adjacent vocabulary implying a repeatable divine descent, given Gujarat’s Vaishnav avatar theology (dashavatara, Dwarka).

High Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Never શ્રદ્ધા or ભક્તિ. 2 Timothy uniquely tests this root against its own negation/counterfeit: ‘disqualified concerning the faith’ (3:8) and ‘if we are faithless, he remains faithful’ (2:13) require the વિશ્વાસ root visible even in negated forms. Occurrences: 1:5,1:13,2:18,2:22,3:8,3:10,3:15,4:7.

Gospel

Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. The singular saving proclamation of Christ, which Timothy must not be ashamed of (1:8), which came ‘through the appearing of our Savior’ (1:10), and which is summarized at 2:8. Root also underlies the new term ‘evangelist’ (સુવાર્તિક, 4:5).

Called

Approved rendering: તેડાયેલા
Transliteration: tedāyelā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આમંત્રિત
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:9: effectual calling to a holy life, grounded in God’s own purpose and grace, not works — sharply distinct from guru-diksha-style aspirant-initiated seeking.

Calling

Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:9: ‘holy calling’ (κλῆσις ἁγία) — combine with પવિત્ર (holy) as પવિત્ર તેડું.

Holy

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Qualifies ‘calling’ (1:9) and ‘Scriptures’ (3:15, ‘sacred/holy writings’).

Sanctification

Approved rendering: પવિત્રીકરણ
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધિકરણ, તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 2:21: the believer as a ‘vessel’ cleansed for honorable use — the Spirit’s ongoing work, never તપ-style self-imposed ascetic purification.

Sin

Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 3:6: those ‘burdened with sins’ led astray by false teachers. Distinguish from impersonal karmic residue.

Glory

Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 2:10 (promised ‘with eternal glory’ to the elect) and 4:18 (closing doxology, ‘glory forever and ever’). Avoid light-only imagery that could merge with kevala-jñāna associations.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER શક્તિ. 2 Timothy occurrences: 1:7, 1:8 (positive, empowering ministry and suffering) and 3:5 (‘denying its power’ — hollow godliness denies this same સામર્થ્ય, not શક્તિ), reinforcing the baseline’s Shakti/mother-goddess collision rule at a point of maximal doctrinal sensitivity.

Election

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī Pasandagī
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, નિયતિ, કર્મ-ફળ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 2:10: Paul endures ‘for the sake of the elect’ — God’s sovereign, personal choice, never નસીબ/નિયતિ or impersonal karma theory.

Providence

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Vidhān
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, કર્મનો નિયમ
Original: πρόθεσις (cf. 2 Tim 1:9)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:9: God’s own predetermined purpose (‘πρόθεσις’), the ground of grace given ‘before the ages began.’ Must communicate personal, purposive governance in linear eternity-past, never કર્મનો નિયમ (the impersonal law of karma).

Seed Of David

Approved rendering: દાઉદના વંશમાંથી
Transliteration: Dāūdnā Vanśmāṅthī
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 2:8. Requires OT covenant background; no true structural parallel in Hindu avatara theology or Jain Tirthankara succession, both of which lack a single unbroken royal-bloodline promise.

Teaching Doctrine

Approved rendering: ઉપદેશ
Transliteration: updesh
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Doctrine

NEW term, High. The body of apostolic content taught, or the act of teaching it (3:10,3:16,4:2,4:3). ઉપદેશ is the standard Gujarati word for a religious teacher’s discourse, used identically of a Hindu guru’s or Jain muni’s ઉપદેશ. Qualify with context (‘પરમેશ્વરનો ઉપદેશ’ / ‘ખ્રિસ્તનો ઉપદેશ’) when referring specifically to apostolic doctrine.

Pattern Of Sound Words

Approved rendering: તંદુરસ્ત વચનોનો નમૂનો
Transliteration: tandurast vachanono namūno
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine

NEW term, High. The fixed apostolic model Timothy must hold and copy (1:13), not a starting point for innovation. Reuses તંદુરસ્ત for lexical unity with sound_doctrine.

Godliness

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરભક્તિ
Transliteration: Parmeśvarbhakti
Doctrine: Godliness
Rejected alternatives: bare ભક્તિ
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Christian Living

NEW term, High. Reverent devotion to God expressed in righteous conduct; last-days deceivers hold only its outward ‘form’ while denying its power (3:5). The compound anchors devotion to પરમેશ્વર, but risk remains High because Gujarat’s Vaishnav/Swaminarayan bhakti devotional culture makes ભક્તિ-rooted vocabulary unusually comfortable and easily misread as generic pious devotion. 3:5’s critique of hollow external religiosity requires careful catechetical framing.

Word Of God

Approved rendering: વચન / પરમેશ્વરનું વચન
Transliteration: vachan / Parmeśvarnũ vachan
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: શબ્દ
Original: λόγος (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Scripture

NEW term, High. The apostolic gospel-message entrusted to Timothy, ‘not bound’ even by Paul’s imprisonment (2:9) and which Timothy is charged to preach (4:2). Render consistently as વચન (or પરમેશ્વરનું વચન), never શબ્દ (‘mere word/utterance’), which loses the sense of an authoritative message-body.

Entrusted Deposit

Approved rendering: સોંપાયેલ થાપણ
Transliteration: soṅpāyel thāpaṇ
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: અમાનત, પ્રસાદ-adjacent vocabulary
Original: παρακαταθήκη / παρατίθημι
Category: Faithful Transmission

NEW term, High. The gospel as a treasure held in trust, to be guarded and transmitted unaltered across generations (1:12,1:14,2:2). થાપણ deliberately keeps the plain banking/legal register; do NOT elevate to religious/devotional vocabulary such as પ્રસાદ (a consecrated offering returned from a deity, a live Vaishnav term), which would import unwanted ritual-gift connotations. Central to the transmission chain of 2:2 (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others); the verb સોંપવું must render consistently across all three occurrences to keep this chain visible.

Guard Keep

Approved rendering: જાળવવું / રક્ષણ કરવું
Transliteration: jāḷavavũ / rakṣaṇ karavũ
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: φυλάσσω / τηρέω
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW term, High. Active, vigilant preservation of the entrusted gospel deposit (1:14, φυλάσσω) and of the faith itself, kept to the end (4:7, τηρέω). Render both related Greek verbs with the same or closely related Gujarati root for a unified ‘guarding’ vocabulary across the letter.

Preach Herald

Approved rendering: પ્રચાર કરવો / પ્રચારક
Transliteration: prachār karavo / prachārak
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κηρύσσω / κήρυξ
Category: Charge to Preach

NEW term, High. Authoritative public proclamation of another’s message (a herald’s role), not personal opinion; Timothy is charged to ‘preach the word’ (4:2) and Paul was appointed ‘preacher’ (1:11). Preserve the herald-nuance in teaching notes even where the single verb પ્રચાર is used, so preaching is never read as motivational speaking or a teacher’s own accumulated insight (a live risk given Gujarat’s guru-discourse culture).

Truth

Approved rendering: સત્ય
Transliteration: satya
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, High. The specific, revealed content of the apostolic gospel, from which people ‘turn away’ in the last days (4:4; also 2:15,2:18,2:25,3:7,3:8). સત્ય is also the central term of Hindu/Jain ethical-philosophical vocabulary (a Jain mahāvrata; a cardinal Gandhian/Hindu virtue-concept). Always anchor to a specific object (‘સુવાર્તાનું સત્ય’ / ‘ખ્રિસ્ત વિષેનું સત્ય’); never leave as free-floating abstract Truth.

Turn Away Apostasy

Approved rendering: મુખ ફેરવવું / ભટકી જવું
Transliteration: mukh pherāvavũ / bhaṭkī javũ
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπομαι / ἀστοχέω
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, High. Willful, deliberate departure from previously-held truth (1:15, 2:18, 4:4). Render this word-family consistently across all occurrences. NOTE the reverse-direction, positive use of the related verb ἀφίστημι at 2:19 (‘depart FROM iniquity’) — do not use one uniform verb that erases the distinction between departing from evil (commanded, see depart_from_iniquity below) and departing from truth (condemned, this entry).

Myths

Approved rendering: કલ્પિત વાર્તાઓ
Transliteration: kalpit vārtāo
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: પુરાણકથાઓ
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, High. Invented, ungrounded religious narratives that people wander into in place of the truth (4:4). Prefer the generic ‘invented/fictional stories’ over any rendering naming a specific existing scripture category, such as પુરાણકથાઓ, which names the Hindu Purāṇas by direct implication.

Repentance

Approved rendering: પસ્તાવો
Transliteration: pastāvo
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: μετάνοια / ἀνανήφω
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW term, High — new doctrinal category for this curriculum, absent from the Romans baseline. A change of mind/heart granted by God (2:25, ‘God may perhaps grant them repentance’), not self-generated remorse or ascetic penance — a live distinction given Hindu penitential practice and Jain pratikramana (ritual confession/penance).

Approved Disqualified

Approved rendering: પાસ / નાપાસ
Transliteration: pās / nāpās
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW term, High. Passing/failing a metallurgical assay-test of genuineness, applied to Timothy’s ministry (2:15, δόκιμος) and to false teachers ‘disqualified concerning the faith’ (3:8, ἀδόκιμος). Lock this antonym pair across both verses; reuse વિશ્વાસ consistently for the object of the test.

Crown Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણાનો મુગટ
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇāno mugaṭ
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, High. The victor’s-wreath reward Christ the righteous Judge gives to those who persevere in faith to the end (4:8). Must be taught within the grace-framework already established for ન્યાયીપણું/કૃપા — a gracious reward, not a karma-phala dividend from an impersonal cosmic ledger, a live risk given karma-phala expectations common to both Hindu and Jain frameworks in Gujarat.

Righteous Judge

Approved rendering: ન્યાયી ન્યાયાધીશ
Transliteration: nyāyī nyāyādhīś
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, High. Christ as the personal, just evaluator and rewarder at the end of the age (4:8). Reuses the ન્યાય root shared across ન્યાયીપણું / ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું / ન્યાય કરવો for full lexical consistency in this letter’s judgment-and-righteousness vocabulary. Must co-occur in the same sentence/segment as crown_of_righteousness and will_award.

Judge Verb

Approved rendering: ન્યાય કરવો / ન્યાયાધીશ
Transliteration: nyāya karavo / nyāyādhīś
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: κρίνω / κριτής
Category: Eschatological Judgment

NEW term, High. Christ’s role as universal judge of all humanity, living and dead (4:1). Reuse the ન્યાય root shared with righteous_judge and righteousness.

Will Award

Approved rendering: આપશે
Transliteration: āpaśe
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: કર્મફળ-style repayment framing
Original: ἀποδίδωμι
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, High. Christ personally and freely granting the crown of righteousness as an act of grace, not automatic cosmic repayment (4:8, ἀποδίδωμι). Must never read as mechanical karmic repayment; render as ‘આપશે’ (‘will give’), anchored firmly to ‘the righteous Judge’ as a personal, gracious actor within the same sentence.

Endure Hardship

Approved rendering: દુઃખ સહન કરવું
Transliteration: dukh sahan karavũ
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance under Suffering

NEW term, High (elevated). Enduring hardship specifically for the sake of gospel ministry (κακοπαθέω, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5). Central verb of the Perseverance doctrine; render consistently across all occurrences. Wherever this appears in a ministry context, pair explicitly with ‘ખ્રિસ્ત માટે’ or ‘સુવાર્તાને માટે’ so it is never read as tapa-style ascetic self-purification or karma being ‘worked off’.

Endure Steadfast

Approved rendering: સહન કરવું / ટકી રહેવું
Transliteration: sahan karavũ / ṭakī raheʼvũ
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Perseverance under Suffering

NEW term, High (elevated). Active, patient endurance under pressure, tied to the promise of reigning with Christ (ὑπομένω, 2:10, 2:12). Keep distinct in nuance from endure_hardship where possible: this term emphasizes remaining steadfast through trial; endure_hardship emphasizes the hardship itself.

Poured Out Libation

Approved rendering: અર્પણની જેમ રેડાઈ રહ્યો છું
Transliteration: arpaṇnī jem redāī rahyo chũ
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, High (elevated). Paul’s approaching martyrdom described as a sacrificial offering completing his ministry (4:6, σπένδομαι). અર્પણ is the standard Gujarati word for a ritual offering, used identically of Hindu puja and Jain devotional offerings; ALWAYS embed in the simile construction (not as a bare noun) and teach explicitly as a one-time image of self-giving martyrdom, never a repeatable merit-generating ritual act.

Accumulate Teachers

Approved rendering: પોતાના માટે શિક્ષકોનો ઢગલો કરવો
Transliteration: potānā māṭe śikṣakono ḍhagalo karavo
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπισωρεύω
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, High (elevated). Multiplying agreeable teachers rather than submitting to one apostolic truth (4:3, ἐπισωρεύω). Preserve the ‘heaping up/excess’ nuance; do not soften to a neutral ‘find teachers.‘

Before The Ages

Approved rendering: અનંતકાળ પહેલાં
Transliteration: anantkāḷ pahelā
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων
Category: Providence

NEW term, High. Eternity past, before creation, in which grace was given in Christ (1:9, πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων). Must communicate a linear ‘before all time’ origin-point, not one turn within a beginningless-endless cosmic cycle — a live risk given both Hindu yuga-cycles and Jain cosmology.

Solemn Charge

Approved rendering: ગંભીરતાથી આજ્ઞા આપવી / સાક્ષી રાખીને ચેતવણી આપવી
Transliteration: gambhīrtāthī āgnā āpavī / sākṣī rākhīne chetvaṇī āpavī
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Charge to Preach

NEW term, High. A formal, legally-flavored solemn charge invoking God and Christ Jesus as witnesses, introducing the letter’s weightiest command (4:1, διαμαρτύρομαι; cf. 2:14). Must retain the sense of a formal, witnessed charge, never a casual request.

Life And Immortality

Approved rendering: જીવન અને અવિનાશીપણું
Transliteration: jīvan ane avināśīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία
Category: Christology

NEW term, High. Imperishable life disclosed through the gospel and Christ’s historical appearing (1:10, ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία). અવિનાશી (‘imperishable’) is preferable to any term suggesting the soul’s own inherent, self-existing eternality (a Jain metaphysical premise); immortality here is a gift disclosed through the gospel, not an intrinsic property already possessed by every soul.

Abolished Death

Approved rendering: મરણને રદ કર્યું
Transliteration: maraṇne rad karyũ
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον
Category: Resurrection

NEW term, High. Death’s power rendered inoperative once for all through Christ’s appearing (1:10, καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον). Must not be softened to ‘escaped death’ or ‘overcame death temporarily’; connects directly to the Resurrection doctrine’s ‘once for all’ emphasis, contra transmigration.

Deny Disown

Approved rendering: નકારવું / ઇન્કાર કરવો
Transliteration: nakāravũ / inkār karavo
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, High. Formal disavowal of relationship/allegiance to Christ, and its opposite — God’s unshaken faithfulness even when ‘we are faithless’ (2:12-13, ἀρνέομαι). Must be distinguished from ἀπιστέω (‘to be unfaithful/unbelieving,’ also 2:13), which reuses the વિશ્વાસ root. 2:13 grounds Assurance of Reward/Salvation in God’s unchanging character, distinct from a karmic ledger.

Depart From Iniquity

Approved rendering: અન્યાયથી દૂર રહો
Transliteration: anyāythī dūr raho
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW term, High. The positive command to depart from unrighteousness (2:19, using the same verb-root ἀφίστημι elsewhere describing apostasy from truth). Flag the dual-direction risk explicitly: departing FROM evil is commanded here; departing FROM the truth is condemned elsewhere (see turn_away_apostasy). Do not use one uniform Gujarati verb that erases this distinction.

Weak Women

Approved rendering: નબળી સ્ત્રીઓ
Transliteration: nabaḷī strīo
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γυναικάρια
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, High (sensitivity flag). A historically and culturally specific description of one vulnerable group targeted by false teachers (3:6, γυναικάρια), not a general statement about women’s spiritual capacity. Requires a mandatory translator note clarifying the historically specific referent and cautioning against generalized application; requires joint native-speaker and theologian review for tone.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: શાંતિ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:2 (greeting) and 2:22 (virtue-cluster alongside faith and love).

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: આત્મિક કૃપાદાન
Transliteration: ātmik kṛpādān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: વરદાન, સિદ્ધિ
Original: χάρισμα θεοῦ
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:6: Timothy’s specific ministry gift received via laying on of hands, to be ‘fanned into flame’ — already given, needing active exercise, never self-attained siddhi.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વરનું રાષ્ટ્ર
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timothy the pattern is applied to Christ specifically as ‘(તેમનું) રાજ્ય’ — ‘his kingdom’ (4:1) and ‘his heavenly kingdom’ (4:18, તેમનું સ્વર્ગીય રાજ્ય). Not territorial/political.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: anya prajāo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: વિદેશીઓ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:11: Paul appointed preacher and apostle to the Gentiles.

David

Approved rendering: દાઉદ
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 2:8: referenced in the summary of the gospel Paul preaches, joined with Christ’s resurrection as the fixed content of ‘my gospel.‘

Apostle

Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:1, 1:11: Paul’s commissioned, sent office, grounding his authority to charge Timothy. NOTE: this root must never be used bare for θεόπνευστος (‘God-breathed’, 3:16) — see the new term god_breathed below, which requires the full compound પરમેશ્વર-પ્રેરિત to avoid a false semantic link between ‘apostle’ (sent one) and ‘inspired’ (breathed out).

Mercy

Approved rendering: દયા
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salutation

NEW term. God’s compassion toward the miserable/afflicted, part of the letter’s greeting alongside grace and peace (1:2). Keep distinct in teaching from કૃપા (grace, unmerited favor toward the undeserving); both appear together in the same verse and must not collapse into one undifferentiated blessing-word.

Conscience

Approved rendering: અંતઃકરણ
Transliteration: antaḥkaraṇ
Doctrine: Christian Character
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Character

NEW term. The inward faculty of moral self-judgment; Paul’s clear conscience grounds his confident suffering (1:3). અંતઃકરણ is also a technical term in Vedantic philosophy (part of the ‘inner instrument’ — manas/buddhi/chitta/ahamkara); acceptable as standard Gujarati Christian usage but flagged for translator awareness, not forbidden.

Last Days

Approved rendering: છેલ્લા દિવસો
Transliteration: chellā divaso
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, Medium (elevated risk). The final period of redemptive history preceding Christ’s return, marked by widespread moral and doctrinal decline (3:1). Must communicate linear, historically-terminating time, not one more turn of a cyclical age, per the baseline’s caution against Hindu yuga-cycles and Jain beginningless cosmic time.

Sober Minded

Approved rendering: સ્વસ્થ મન / સાવધ
Transliteration: svasth man / sāvadh
Doctrine: Christian Character
Rejected alternatives: સંયમ
Original: νήφω / ἀνανήφω / σωφρονισμός
Category: Christian Character

NEW term, Medium (elevated for σωφρονισμός). Clear-headed spiritual alertness given by the Spirit (1:7, 4:5) and hoped for as recovery from error (2:26). Avoid સંયમ, the primary Jain term for ascetic self-restraint/vow-discipline; prefer સ્વસ્થ મન / સાવધ to preserve Spirit-given clear judgment, not self-achieved ascetic control.

Vessel

Approved rendering: પાત્ર
Transliteration: pātra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification

NEW term, Medium. A believer as an instrument set apart for honorable or dishonorable use, contingent on personal purity (2:20-21). Household-object metaphor; low collision risk.

Snare Of Devil

Approved rendering: શેતાનનો ફાંદો
Transliteration: śetānno phāndo
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Spiritual Warfare

NEW term, Medium. Personal, hostile spiritual opposition (Satan) behind false teaching, from which some may escape through God-granted repentance (2:26). Keep distinct from an impersonal ‘force of evil’ framing; the devil is a personal adversary (શેતાન is the established Gujarati Christian term).

Persecution

Approved rendering: સતાવણી
Transliteration: satāvaṇī
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance under Suffering

NEW term, Medium. Organized/social hostility endured for the faith, exemplified in Paul’s own experience (3:11-12). Standard, established Gujarati term.

Fight Finish Race

Approved rendering: સારી લડાઈ લડવી / દોડ પૂરી કરવી
Transliteration: sārī laḍāī laḍavī / doḍ pūrī karavī
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι / τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, Medium. Retrospective claim of a persevering ministry carried through to completion (4:7). Reuses the athletic-imagery family established in chapter 2 (soldier/athlete/farmer).

Evangelist

Approved rendering: સુવાર્તિક
Transliteration: suvārtik
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Charge to Preach

NEW term, Medium. One who does the work of proclaiming the gospel (4:5, εὐαγγελιστής). Deliberately built on the established સુવાર્તા (gospel) root for visible derivational consistency, rather than an unrelated loanword.

Itching Ears

Approved rendering: કાનમાં ખંજવાળ
Transliteration: kānmā khaṅjvāḷ
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, Medium. Insatiable appetite for novel, agreeable teaching rather than truth (4:3). Preserve the vivid idiom; do not flatten to abstract ‘curiosity.‘

Scripture Purposes

Approved rendering: દોષ બતાવવો / સુધારો / કેળવણી
Transliteration: doṣ batāvavo / sudhāro / keḷvaṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: તપ-શિક્ષણ
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις / ἔλεγχος / παιδεία
Category: Scripture

NEW term, Medium. Scripture’s threefold practical purposes alongside teaching: reproof, correction, and training in righteousness (3:16). Render ‘training’ (કેળવણી) with vocabulary distinct from ascetic self-training; this is Scripture-driven formation, never self-imposed austerity.

Complete Equipped

Approved rendering: પરિપૂર્ણ / સજ્જ કરાયેલ
Transliteration: paripūrṇa / sajja karāyel
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτίζω
Category: Scripture

NEW term, Medium. Fully furnished/adequate for every good work, through Scripture alone (3:17, ἄρτιος/ἐξαρτίζω). Grounds the Sufficiency doctrine: no supplementary source of authority is needed beyond Scripture — a live concern given both Hindu guru-authority and Jain āgama-authority frameworks.

Present Age

Approved rendering: વર્તમાન જગત
Transliteration: vartamān jagat
Doctrine: Christian Living
Rejected alternatives: સંસાર
Original: ὁ νῦν αἰών
Category: Christian Living

NEW term, Medium. The present, passing world-order, which Demas loved in place of faithful perseverance (4:10, ὁ νῦν αἰών). Avoid સંસાર, which in Hindu/Jain usage names the cosmic cycle of transmigration itself; prefer વર્તમાન જગત / આ જમાનો.

Man Of God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનો માણસ
Transliteration: Parmeśvarno māṇas
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture

NEW term, Medium. Any believer/minister formed by God-breathed Scripture, an OT-flavored title (used of Moses, Elijah) applied generally (3:17). Keep plain ‘person belonging to God’; avoid a term implying an ordained/monastic elite, a risk parallel to the baseline’s caution on ‘saints’ vs. સંતો/મુનિ.

Ungrateful

Approved rendering: કૃતઘ્ની
Transliteration: kṛtaghnī
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀχάριστος
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, Medium (elevated for wordplay). One of the last-days vice-list terms (3:2, ἀχάριστος), sharing the χάρις (‘grace’) root — ‘un-graced/ungracious.’ A teaching note may highlight the connection to કૃપા (grace) for added doctrinal resonance in a letter so concerned with grace.

Deceivers

Approved rendering: ઠગનારા
Transliteration: ṭhagnārā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλάνοι
Category: Apostasy

NEW term, Medium (elevated). False teachers who are themselves victims of the deception they spread, deceiving and being deceived (3:13). Reinforces that apostasy is not sober, honest disagreement but self-perpetuating error.

Reserved For Me

Approved rendering: મારે માટે રાખેલો છે
Transliteration: mārે māṭe rākhelo chhe
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀπόκειται
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, Medium (elevated). The crown of righteousness is ‘laid up/reserved’ for Paul, not self-generated (4:8, ἀπόκειται). Pair carefully with crown_of_righteousness and will_award to keep the reward gracious and Judge-given, never self-earned.

Rescue Deliver

Approved rendering: છોડાવવું
Transliteration: choḍāvavũ
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Assurance of Reward

NEW term, Medium. The Lord’s active deliverance of Paul, past (3:11) and anticipated future (4:18, ῥύομαι), distinct vocabulary from σῴζω though overlapping in sense. Grounds Assurance amid ongoing persecution: God’s active deliverance amid — not necessarily from — suffering.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: આભારસ્તુતિ
Transliteration: ābhārstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:3. Standard term; minor risk of being read as ritual gratitude offered as part of a devotional exchange rather than relational response to grace already received.

Exhort

Approved rendering: પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું
Transliteration: protsāhan āpavũ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 4:2: part of Timothy’s charge alongside reproof and rebuke; here the positive-encouragement sense applies.

Vocational Images

Approved rendering: સૈનિક / ખેલાડી / ખેડૂત
Transliteration: sainik / kheḷāḍī / khedūt
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός
Category: Perseverance under Suffering

NEW term, Low. Three images of disciplined, other-directed labor requiring patient endurance: soldier, athlete, farmer (2:3-6). Standard, low-collision vocabulary.

Ministry Service

Approved rendering: સેવાકાર્ય
Transliteration: sevākārya
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Charge to Preach

NEW term, Low. The work/service of gospel ministry Timothy is charged to fully carry out (4:5, διακονία). Consistent with the baseline’s existing ‘Christ-Centered Ministry’ phrase family.

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