Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Galatians (English → Gujarati)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the full text of Galatians, chapters 1–6. It extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json.

Table A lists terms already fixed by the Romans baseline and reused exactly for Galatians, with their Galatians-specific occurrences noted. Table B lists terms newly introduced by the Galatians curriculum, organized by the fourteen assigned doctrines, in the same field structure as bible_term_registry.json (to be merged into that registry in a later Phase 1 step) plus their assigned doctrine risk tier per doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions.

Table A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline (No Change Permitted)

Term	Gujarati (fixed)	Risk (baseline)	Galatians Occurrences
gospel	સુવાર્તા	High	1:6-11, 1:23, 2:2, 2:5, 2:7, 2:14, 3:8, 4:13
grace	કૃપા	Critical	1:3, 1:6, 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 5:4, 6:18
faith	વિશ્વાસ	High	2:16, 2:20, 3:2-26, 5:5-6, 5:22, 6:10
righteousness	ન્યાયીપણું	Critical	2:21, 3:6, 3:21, 5:5
justification	ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું	Critical	2:16-17, 3:8, 3:11, 3:24, 5:4
salvation	ઉદ્ધાર	Critical	(conceptually underlying ch. 1, 3, 5 — see providence/deliverance notes)
apostle	પ્રેરિત	Medium	1:1, 1:17, 1:19
called / calling	તેડાયેલા / તેડું	High	1:6, 1:15, 5:8, 5:13
holy	પવિત્ર	High	(implicit in sanctification passages, ch. 5)
saints	પવિત્ર જનો	High	(implicit; no direct occurrence but doctrine applies to church)
sanctification	પવિત્રીકરણ	High	(implicit in Spirit/flesh doctrine, ch. 5)
adoption	દત્તકપણું	High	4:5
resurrection	પુનરુત્થાન	Critical	1:1
lord	પ્રભુ	Critical	1:3, 6:14, 6:18
son_of_god	પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર	Critical	1:16, 2:20, 4:4
incarnation	દેહધારણ	Critical	4:4 (doctrine applies; term underlies “born of a woman”)
peace	શાંતિ	Medium	1:3, 5:22, 6:16
spiritual_gifts	આત્મિક કૃપાદાન	Medium	(not directly named in Galatians; doctrine category unused)
thanksgiving	આભારસ્તુતિ	Low	(not directly named in Galatians)
fellowship	સંગત	Low	2:9
church	મંડળી	Medium	1:2, 1:13, 1:22
kingdom_of_god	પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય	Medium	5:21
law	નિયમશાસ્ત્ર	High	2:16-21, 3:2-24, 4:4-5, 4:21, 5:3-4, 5:14, 5:18, 6:2, 6:13
sin	પાપ	High	1:4, 2:15, 2:17, 3:22
gentiles	અન્ય પ્રજાઓ	Medium	2:2-3, 2:8, 2:12, 2:14-15, 3:8
glory	મહિમા	High	1:5, 1:24
obedience_of_faith	વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન	High	(doctrine echoed in 3:2, 5:7, “obeying the truth”)
power_of_god	પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય	High	(not directly named; cf. 3:5 “works miracles”)
messiah	મસીહા	Critical	(implicit in Χριστός throughout; used where “Christ” carries messianic-title force)
prophet / prophecy	ભવિષ્યવક્તા / ભવિષ્યવાણી	Low	(implicit background to 3:8’s citation of Scripture)
covenant	કરાર	High	3:15-17, 4:24
election	પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી	High	(implicit in 1:15 “set apart before I was born”)
intercession	મધ્યસ્થતા	Medium	(distinguish from new term “mediator,” see Table B)
providence	પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન	High	(implicit in 1:15, 4:4 “fullness of time”)
mission	મિશન / સુવાર્તા પ્રચાર	Medium	1:16, 2:7-9
david	દાઉદ	Medium	(not named directly in Galatians; retained for consistency)
israel	ઇઝરાયલ	Medium	6:16
jesus	ઈસુ	Critical	throughout
god	પરમેશ્વર	Critical	throughout
holy_spirit	પવિત્ર આત્મા	Critical	3:2-5, 3:14, 4:6, 4:29, 5:5, 5:16-25, 6:1, 6:8
father	પિતા	Critical	1:1, 1:3-4, 4:2, 4:6
abba	અબ્બા	High	4:6
exhort	પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું	Low	(implicit in exhortation passages, ch. 5-6)
imputed_righteousness	આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું	Critical	3:6

Additional established proper-name convention reused from the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standards:

Name	Gujarati (fixed)	Galatians Occurrences
Abraham	ઇબ્રાહીમ	3:6-29, 4:22
Moses	મૂસા	(implicit background to law-mediation, 3:19)
Jerusalem	યરૂશાલેમ	1:17-18, 2:1, 4:25-26

Table B — New Terms Introduced by Galatians, Organized by Doctrine

Doctrine: Justification by Faith

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
works of the law	ἔργα νόμου	erga nomou	નિયમશાસ્ત્રનાં કૃત્યો	Critical	”સારાં કામ” (good deeds, alone)	Must always retain the νόμος qualifier; collides with Jain/Hindu karma-merit deeds (પુણ્ય). See Gal 2:16, 3:2, 3:5, 3:10.
πίστις Χριστοῦ (genitive)	πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	pistis Iēsou Christou	ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્તમાં વિશ્વાસ	Critical	subjective-genitive rendering (“ખ્રિસ્તની પોતાની વિશ્વાસુતા”)	Genuine Greek ambiguity (objective vs. subjective genitive); objective genitive adopted per established Bible-translation convention; flag every occurrence for theologian review.
transgressor	παραβάτης	parabatēs	નિયમભંગ કરનાર	Medium	”પાપી” (generic sinner)	Specific forensic self-indictment under the law, Gal 2:18.
nullify	ἀθετέω	atheteō	રદ કરવું	High	”અવગણવું” (disregard)	Formal legal-annulment force must be preserved, Gal 2:21, 3:15.
died in vain / for nothing	δωρεάν (negative sense)	dōrean	વ્યર્થ / નિરર્થક	Critical	positive “freely given” sense of the same word	Deliberate irony; must select the negative sense from context, Gal 2:21.

Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
a different gospel	ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον	heteron euangelion	અન્ય પ્રકારની સુવાર્તા	High	”બીજી સુવાર્તા” (a second gospel, implies harmless variant)	Must convey categorical falsity, not a second valid option; collides with Gujarat’s religious-pluralism assumptions. Gal 1:6-7.
accursed	ἀνάθεμα	anathema	શાપિત	Critical	none acceptable — no softer substitute permitted	Personal, judicial divine curse; distinguish from folk/karmic curse beliefs (nazar, ancestral śāp). Gal 1:8-9.
truth of the gospel	ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	alētheia tou euangeliou	સુવાર્તાનું સત્ય	High	none	સત્ય collides with Jain satya-vrata (vow of truthfulness); gospel-truth is revealed fixed content, not a cultivated virtue. Gal 2:5, 2:14.
false brothers	ψευδάδελφοι	pseudadelphoi	જૂઠા ભાઈઓ	Medium	”જૂઠા મિત્રો” (false friends)	Professed-but-false church membership, not mere friendship. Gal 2:4.
hypocrisy	ὑπόκρισις	hypokrisis	દંભ / કપટ	Low-Medium	none	Standard term. Gal 2:13.

Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
revelation	ἀποκάλυψις	apokalypsis	પ્રગટીકરણ	High	”જ્ઞાનપ્રાપ્તિ” (attainment of knowledge, implies self-effort)	Distinguish from Jain kevalgyan (self-attained perfect knowledge) and guru-transmitted secret teaching. Gal 1:12, 1:16.
zeal / zealous	ζῆλος / ζηλωτής	zēlos / zēlōtēs	ઝનૂન / અતિ આગ્રહી	Medium	none	Paul’s pre-conversion religious fervor; culturally sensitive re: contemporary communal zealotry. Gal 1:14.
tradition (of the fathers)	παράδοσις	paradosis	પિતૃઓની પરંપરા	High	none	Collides with the positively-valenced guru-paramparā (teacher-lineage) tradition; here it names what Paul left behind. Gal 1:14.
marks (of Jesus)	στίγματα	stigmata	ઈસુનાં ચિહ્નો	Medium	none	Involuntary suffering-scars, not voluntary devotional body-marking (tilak) or penitential marking. Gal 6:17.

Doctrine: Law and Grace

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
fallen from grace	τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε	tēs charitos exepesate	કૃપામાંથી પડી ગયા	High/Critical	none	Sharpest grace-vs-law-works warning in the letter; mandatory theologian flag per grace-vs-merit escalation rule. Gal 5:4.
law of Christ	ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	ho nomos tou Christou	ખ્રિસ્તનો નિયમ	High	”ખ્રિસ્તનું નિયમશાસ્ત્ર” (would wrongly suggest a new Torah-equivalent code)	Deliberately distinct lexical choice (નિયમ, not નિયમશાસ્ત્ર) to avoid reintroducing Mosaic-law framing. Gal 6:2.

Doctrine: Crucified with Christ

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
to crucify	σταυρόω	stauroō	ક્રૂસે જડવું	Critical	none	Base verb; foundational across 2:20, 3:1, 5:24, 6:14.
crucified with (Christ)	συσταυρόω	synstauroō	ખ્રિસ્તની સાથે ક્રૂસે જડાવું	Critical	any phrase implying repeatable ritual re-enactment	Perfect tense (settled, ongoing result) must be preserved. Gal 2:20.
cross (noun)	σταυρός	stauros	ક્રૂસ	Critical	none	Established loanword. Gal 6:12, 6:14.
no longer I, but Christ in me	ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγώ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός	zō de ouketi egō, zē de en emoi Christos	હવે હું જીવતો નથી, પણ ખ્રિસ્ત મારામાં જીવે છે	Critical	any phrasing suggesting metaphysical self-dissolution/absorption	Must read as personal indwelling by a distinct divine Person, not Vedantic/Jain self-dissolution. Gal 2:20.

Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
promise	ἐπαγγελία	epangelia	વચન	High	none	God’s sovereign, unconditional pledge; must retain covenantal weight. Gal 3:14-22, 4:23, 4:28.
blessing	εὐλογία	eulogia	આશીર્વાદ	High	none	Collides with guru/deity devotional blessing (āśirvād); anchor to God’s sovereign covenant gift, not devotional merit. Gal 3:8-9, 3:14.
seed / offspring	σπέρμα	sperma	બીજ	Critical	”વંશજ” (descendant — inherently plural, erases Paul’s singular/plural argument)	Preserves the collective-singular ambiguity central to Paul’s argument that Christ is the one “seed.” Gal 3:16, 3:19, 3:29.
mediator	μεσίτης	mesitēs	મધ્યસ્થ	Medium-High	none (distinct from “મધ્યસ્થતા” = intercession)	Moses’ covenantal office, not a template for ongoing human spiritual intermediaries. Gal 3:19-20.

Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
curse	κατάρα	katara	શાપ	Critical	none	Law’s judicial verdict on lawbreakers; distinguish from mechanical folk/karmic curse. Gal 3:10, 3:13.
to redeem	ἐξαγοράζω	exagorazō	ઉગારી લેવું / છોડાવવું	Critical	”મુક્ત કરવું” (forbidden — moksha association, per baseline logic)	Do not use any મુક્તિ/મોક્ષ cognate; buying-out-of-bondage sense distinct from broader ઉદ્ધાર. Gal 3:13, 4:5.
guardian / tutor	παιδαγωγός	paidagōgos	બાળકનો પાલક	High	”શિક્ષક” (teacher, alone — misses custodial/disciplinary sense)	No exact Gujarati cultural equivalent for the Greco-Roman household role; requires explanatory note. Gal 3:24-25.
elemental things/spirits of the world	στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου	stoicheia tou kosmou	જગતનાં મૂળ તત્વો	Critical	any unqualified literal rendering that could affirm a personal elemental cosmology	Collides with Hindu pañca-mahābhūta and Jain astikāya metaphysical-substance categories; requires explanatory note. Gal 4:3, 4:9.
guardians and managers	ἐπίτροποι καὶ οἰκονόμοι	epitropoi kai oikonomoi	પાલકો અને કારભારીઓ	Low-Medium	none	Household legal-oversight image; parallel to “under the law” pre-maturity condition. Gal 4:2.

Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
heir	κληρονόμος	klēronomos	વારસ	Medium-High	none	Inheritance by promise, not bloodline/merit — contrasts with typical Gujarati joint-family inheritance customs. Gal 3:29, 4:1, 4:7.
slave	δοῦλος	doulos	દાસ	High	none	Structural contrast term against υἱός/ἐλευθερία throughout chs. 4-5. Gal 4:1, 4:7, 5:1.
fullness of time	τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου	to plērōma tou chronou	સમયની પૂર્ણતા	High	any phrase implying cyclical/repeatable timing	Linear salvation-history; avoid યુગ-cycle framing. Gal 4:4.
born of a woman, born under the law	γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον	genomenon ek gynaikos, genomenon hypo nomon	સ્ત્રીથી જન્મ્યો, નિયમશાસ્ત્રને આધીન જન્મ્યો	Critical	any language suggesting non-genuine/illusory human birth	Full genuine humanity of Christ; incarnation doctrine — never અવતાર framing. Gal 4:4.

Doctrine: Freedom in Christ

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
freedom / liberty	ἐλευθερία	eleutheria	સ્વતંત્રતા	Critical	”મુક્તિ” (FORBIDDEN — moksha/liberation-from-samsara association)	Central doctrine term of the whole letter; extends the baseline’s મુક્તિ-prohibition (previously scoped to “salvation”) to this new but adjacent concept. Gal 2:4, 5:1, 5:13.
slavery / bondage	δουλεία	douleia	દાસત્વ	High	none	Paired contrast term with ἐλευθερία. Gal 4:24, 5:1.
yoke of slavery	ζυγὸς δουλείας	zygos douleias	દાસત્વની ઝૂંસરી	Medium	none	Agricultural yoke metaphor; low ambiguity, culturally transparent. Gal 5:1.

Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
circumcision	περιτομή	peritomē	સુન્નત	High	none available without risk	Strong contemporary Islamic-community association in Gujarat; requires explanatory OT-background note distinct from the Romans baseline’s Hindu/Jain framing. Gal 2:3-12, 5:2-11, 6:12-15.
new creation	καινὴ κτίσις	kainē ktisis	નવી સૃષ્ટિ	Critical	any framing implying a repeatable cosmic-cyclical event	Collides with Hindu cyclical-creation cosmology and the Jain denial of creation/creator altogether; anchor to personal union with Christ. Gal 6:15.

Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
flesh (physical/neutral sense)	σάρξ	sarx	દેહ / શરીર	Medium	none	Ordinary bodily existence; Gal 2:20.
flesh (sinful-nature sense)	σάρξ	sarx	દેહસ્વભાવ	Critical	rendering identical to the physical-sense term above without distinction	Central doctrinal term for chs. 5-6; must be lexically distinguished from the neutral-physical sense to avoid an ascetic body-is-the-enemy misreading. Gal 5:13-24, 6:8.
works of the flesh	τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός	ta erga tēs sarkos	દેહનાં કૃત્યો	High	reuse of “નિયમશાસ્ત્રનાં કૃત્યો” wording	Must be visibly distinct from “works of the law” despite shared English word “works.” Gal 5:19-21.
Spirit (human disposition sense, not Holy Spirit)	πνεῦμα	pneuma	સ્વભાવ (contextual, not આત્મા)	Medium-High	”આત્મા” alone, which risks misread as Holy Spirit reference	Cross-cutting caution: πνεῦμα is not always the divine Spirit in Galatians. Gal 6:1 (“spirit of gentleness”).

Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
fruit of the Spirit	ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος	ho karpos tou pneumatos	પવિત્ર આત્માનું ફળ	Critical	”આત્માનું ફળ” (drops પવિત્ર — reads as self/soul-cultivated fruit, reversing the doctrine)	Single highest-priority enforcement point in the letter; qualifier પવિત્ર is never optional. Gal 5:22-23.
walk by the Spirit	περιπατέω πνεύματι	peripateō pneumati	પવિત્ર આત્મા પ્રમાણે ચાલવું	Low-Medium	none	Standard biblical “walk” metaphor for manner of life. Gal 5:16, 5:25.

Doctrine: Faith Working through Love

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
love	ἀγάπη	agapē	પ્રેમ	High	none available without risk	Collides with Vaishnav prem-bhakti (Radha-Krishna romantic devotional love); must be anchored to self-giving, substitutionary, Christ-directed content by context. Gal 2:20, 5:6, 5:13-14, 5:22.
faith working through love	πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη	pistis di’ agapēs energoumenē	પ્રેમથી કાર્યરત વિશ્વાસ	Critical	reducing to either faith-alone or love-alone phrasing	Doctrine namesake phrase; must protect both terms’ specific Christ-directed content simultaneously. Gal 5:6.

Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
to bear/carry	βαστάζω	bastazō	ઊંચકવું / વહન કરવું	Medium	none	Sustained mutual-support action. Gal 6:2, 6:5, 6:17.
burden (shared, heavy)	βάρος	baros	ભાર	Medium-High	collapsing with φορτίον into one undifferentiated word	Communal burden-bearing sense; must be lexically distinct from φορτίον. Gal 6:2.
load (individual, personal)	φορτίον	phortion	બોજ	Medium	collapsing with βάρος	Individual accountability sense, balancing 6:2’s communal command. Gal 6:5.
to restore	καταρτίζω	katartizō	પુનઃસ્થાપિત કરવું / સુધારવું	Medium	any term implying harsh correction	Must pair with “gentleness” framing. Gal 6:1.
sow / reap	σπείρω / θερίζω	speirō / therizō	વાવવું / લણવું	Medium	none	Avoid impersonal-karma-mechanism misreading; God’s moral governance, not karma-law. Gal 6:7-8.

Additional Cross-Doctrine / Background Terms

Term	Original	Transliteration	Gujarati	Risk	Notes
this present evil age	ὁ αἰὼν ὁ ἐνεστὼς πονηρός	ho aiōn ho enestōs ponēros	આ હાલનો દુષ્ટ કાળ	Critical	Avoid યુગ (yuga-cycle term); linear, bounded epoch. Gal 1:4.
Judaism	Ἰουδαϊσμός	Ioudaismos	યહૂદી ધર્મ	Low	ધર્મ acceptable here as descriptive ethnic-religious label, unlike its rejection for νόμος/righteousness elsewhere. Gal 1:13-14.
to deliver/rescue	ἐξαιρέω	exaireō	છોડાવવા / બચાવવા	Medium	Synonym-adjacent to ઉદ્ધાર; confirm naturalness with native-speaker review. Gal 1:4.
allegory	ἀλληγορούμενα	allēgoroumena	રૂપક / દૃષ્ટાંતરૂપે	Low-Medium	Signals typological, not denied-historical, reading. Gal 4:24.
bewitched	ἐβάσκανεν	ebaskanen	ભમાવ્યા / ઠગ્યા (non-literal)	Medium	Avoid literal evil-eye (nazar) framing; render the rebuking sense. Gal 3:1.
to compel	ἀναγκάζω	anagkazō	ફરજ પાડવી	Low	Standard term. Gal 2:3, 2:14, 6:12.
baptized	βαπτίζω	baptizō	બાપ્તિસ્મા પામવું	Medium	Established Christian sacramental loanword. Gal 3:27.
put on Christ	ἐνδύω Χριστόν	endyō Christon	ખ્રિસ્તને ધારણ કરવો	Low-Medium	Clothing-metaphor for new identity. Gal 3:27.
neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male and female	—	—	(contextual full-sentence rendering)	High	Extends Romans baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine to class/gender; must not be softened. Gal 3:28.
Hagar / Sarah / Ishmael / Isaac	Ἁγάρ / Σάρα / Ἰσμαήλ / Ἰσαάκ	Hagar / Sara / Ismaēl / Isaak	હાગાર / સારા / ઇશ્માએલ / ઇસહાક	Low	Established OT proper names. Gal 4:21-31.
Jerusalem above	ἡ ἄνω Ἰερουσαλήμ	hē anō Ierousalēm	ઉપરની યરૂશાલેમ	Low-Medium	Eschatological, not merely geographic. Gal 4:26.
to persecute	διώκω	diōkō	સતાવવું	Low	Standard term. Gal 1:13, 1:23, 4:29, 5:11, 6:12.
servant/minister (rhetorical)	διάκονος	diakonos	સેવક	Low-Medium	Rhetorical-question use, Gal 2:17; distinct from any ordained-office sense.
by birth/nature	φύσις / φύσει	physis / physei	જન્મથી	Low	Contextual; not an unchangeable-essence claim. Gal 2:15.
to boast	καυχάομαι	kauchaomai	ગૌરવ લેવું / બડાઈ મારવી	Medium	Distinguish legitimate cross-boasting from illegitimate flesh-boasting. Gal 6:13-14.

Version Control Note for Phase 2 Integration

When this glossary is merged into the master translation_memory.json for Phase 2 processing:

All Table A terms carry over with no changes to their recorded Gujarati rendering, risk tier, or rejected alternatives.
All Table B terms are new entries to be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json, each requiring the same alternatives_rejected and notes fields already modeled above, with risk tier feeding directly into doctrine_risk_registry.json’s per-doctrine risk assignment for the fourteen Galatians doctrines.
Terms flagged Critical in this document (ἐλευθερία, καινὴ κτίσις, καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος, σάρξ [sin-nature sense], κατάρα, ἐξαγοράζω, σπέρμα, ἀνάθεμα, συσταυρόω, σταυρόω, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός/ὑπὸ νόμον, δωρεάν [negative sense], αἰών) require mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, extended to this curriculum without modification.
The circumcision (περιτομή → સુન્નત) entry requires joint theologian and native-speaker review, being the one term in this glossary whose primary risk is contemporary socio-religious (Islamic-association) rather than purely doctrinal — a risk category not previously documented in the Romans baseline and specific to the Galatians curriculum.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians is the letter where grace is most sharply pitted against law-works (2:21, 5:4); every occurrence in that contrast must retain explicit unearned-favor framing. Occurrences: 1:3, 1:6, 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 5:4, 6:18.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Central to Galatians 2:21, 3:6, 3:21, 5:5, where righteousness-by-law is explicitly and repeatedly rejected.

Justification

Approved rendering: ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું
Transliteration: nyāyī ṭharāvavũ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: માફી મળવી, પુણ્ય કમાવું
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιοῦσθαι
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Core passage’s central verb (2:16-17); preserve the aorist completed-action sense with a Gujarati perfect construction, not an ongoing-process phrasing. Occurrences: 2:16-17, 3:8, 3:11, 3:24, 5:4.

Salvation

Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία (concept underlies ῥύομαι/ἐξαιρέω/ἐξαγοράζω)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians does not use σωτηρία directly but the concept underlies 1:4’s rescue and chs. 3-4’s redemption/adoption language; kept distinct from the narrower ઉગારી લેવું used for ἐξαγοράζω.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:1 grounds Paul’s apostleship itself in ‘God the Father, who raised him from the dead’ — resurrection here authenticates apostolic authority.

Lord

Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:3, 6:14, 6:18 (closing benediction).

Son Of God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર
Transliteration: Parmeśvarno Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: દેવપુરુષ, અવતારી પુરુષ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Full phrase required, never abbreviated. Occurrences: 1:16, 2:20, 4:4.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: દેહધારણ
Transliteration: dehdhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: અવતાર
Original: γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός (theological name for the event; cf. Romans baseline ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο)
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER અવતાર. Galatians 4:4’s ‘born of a woman, born under the law’ is the letter’s clearest incarnation statement.

Messiah

Approved rendering: મસીહા
Transliteration: Masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: અવતારી પુરુષ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Used wherever ‘Christ’ carries messianic-title force throughout Galatians.

Jesus

Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout Galatians; never ઈસા.

God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout Galatians.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα (in divine sense)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians-specific caution: πνεῦμα is not always the divine Spirit in this letter (6:1’s ‘spirit of gentleness’ is a human disposition); check context before defaulting to પવિત્ર આત્મા. Occurrences (divine sense): 3:2-5, 3:14, 4:6, 4:29, 5:5, 5:16-25, 6:8.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: āropit nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: સ્વ-પ્રયત્નથી મેળવેલ ન્યાયીપણું
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrence: Galatians 3:6, Paul’s paradigm case that Abraham was justified by faith apart from law-works, predating Moses.

Works Of The Law

Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્રનાં કૃત્યો
Transliteration: niyamśāstranā kṛtyo
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: સારાં કામ (alone, without the νόμος qualifier)
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Salvation

NEW term. Built on law = નિયમશાસ્ત્ર. Must always retain the qualifier; collides with Jain/Hindu karma-merit deeds (પુણ્ય, nirjara). Occurrences: 2:16, 3:2, 3:5, 3:10.

Faith Of Christ

Approved rendering: ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્તમાં વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: Īsu Khristmā viśvāsa
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ખ્રિસ્તની પોતાની વિશ્વાસુતા (subjective-genitive rendering)
Original: πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Faith

NEW term. πίστις Χριστοῦ genitive genuinely ambiguous in Greek; objective-genitive rendering adopted per established convention. Subjective-genitive alternative recorded as alternatives_considered only; requires explicit theologian sign-off before deployment. Occurrences: 2:16, 2:20, 3:22.

Died In Vain

Approved rendering: વ્યર્થ મરણ પામવું
Transliteration: vyarth maraṇ pāmavũ
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: positive ‘freely given’ sense of the same Greek root
Original: δωρεάν ἀπέθανεν
Category: Salvation

NEW term. Must select the negative sense from context and never import the positive ‘freely given’ sense, which would reverse Paul’s meaning. Emotional/logical capstone of the core passage, 2:21.

Accursed

Approved rendering: શાપિત
Transliteration: śāpit
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: no softer substitute permitted
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Gospel

NEW term. Personal, judicial divine curse; distinguish from folk/karmic curse beliefs (nazar, ancestral śāp). Occurrences: 1:8-9.

Fallen From Grace

Approved rendering: કૃપામાંથી પડી ગયા છો
Transliteration: kṛpāmāṅthī paḍī gayā chho
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε
Category: Salvation

NEW term, built on grace = કૃપા. Sharpest Law-and-Grace warning in the letter; mandatory theologian flag per the grace-vs-merit escalation rule. Occurrence: 5:4.

Crucify

Approved rendering: ક્રૂસે જડવું
Transliteration: kruse jaḍavũ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology

NEW term. Base verb underlying the compound συσταυρόω, using the established Christian Gujarati loanword ક્રૂસ. Occurrences: 2:20, 3:1, 5:24, 6:14.

Crucified With Christ

Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તની સાથે ક્રૂસે જડાયો છું
Transliteration: Khristnī sāthe kruse jaḍāyo chũ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: any phrase implying repeatable ritual re-enactment
Original: Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Christology

NEW term, doctrine namesake. Perfect tense (settled, ongoing result) must be preserved with a Gujarati perfect construction. Mandatory theologian review. Occurrence: 2:20.

Cross

Approved rendering: ક્રૂસ
Transliteration: krus
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology

NEW term. Established loanword; metonymy for Christ’s entire redemptive death. Occurrences: 6:12, 6:14.

Christ Lives In Me

Approved rendering: હવે હું જીવતો નથી, પણ ખ્રિસ્ત મારામાં જીવે છે
Transliteration: have hũ jīvato nathī, paṇ Khrist mārāmā jīve chhe
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: any phrasing suggesting metaphysical self-dissolution/absorption
Original: ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγώ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός
Category: Christology

NEW term. Must read as personal indwelling by a distinct divine Person, never Vedantic/Jain self-dissolution. Mandatory theologian review. Occurrence: 2:20.

Seed

Approved rendering: બીજ
Transliteration: bīj
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: વંશજ (descendant — inherently plural, erases Paul’s singular/plural argument)
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Preserves the collective-singular ambiguity central to Paul’s argument that Christ is the one ‘seed.’ Requires explanatory note at first occurrence. Occurrences: 3:16, 3:19, 3:29.

Curse

Approved rendering: શાપ
Transliteration: śāp
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: κατάρα
Category: Law

NEW term. Law’s own judicial verdict, distinct from mechanical folk/karmic curse (śāp, nazar, doshas). Christ ‘became a curse’ (3:13) is substitutionary. Occurrences: 3:10, 3:13.

Redeem

Approved rendering: ઉગારી લેવું
Transliteration: ugārī levũ
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: મુક્ત કરવું (FORBIDDEN — moksha/liberation association)
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Law

NEW term. Never any મુક્તિ/મોક્ષ cognate. Distinct from, though related to, the broader ઉદ્ધાર. Occurrences: 3:13, 4:5.

Elemental Spirits

Approved rendering: જગતનાં મૂળ તત્વો
Transliteration: jagatnā mūl tattvo
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: any unqualified literal rendering affirming a personal elemental cosmology
Original: στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Law

NEW term. Collides with Hindu pañca-mahābhūta and Jain astikāya metaphysical-substance categories; requires explanatory note. Occurrences: 4:3, 4:9.

Born Under The Law

Approved rendering: સ્ત્રીથી જન્મ્યો, નિયમશાસ્ત્રને આધીન જન્મ્યો
Transliteration: strīthī janmyo, niyamśāstrane ādhīn janmyo
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: any language suggesting non-genuine/illusory human birth
Original: γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον
Category: Christology

NEW term, closely tied to incarnation/humanity_of_christ. Never અવતાર framing. Mandatory theologian review. Occurrence: 4:4.

Freedom

Approved rendering: સ્વતંત્રતા
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: મુક્તિ (FORBIDDEN — moksha/liberation-from-samsara association)
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Freedom

NEW term, the letter’s central doctrine-namesake concept. Extends the baseline’s મુક્તિ prohibition (previously scoped only to salvation) to this conceptually adjacent term. Occurrences: 2:4, 5:1, 5:13.

New Creation

Approved rendering: નવી સૃષ્ટિ
Transliteration: navī sṣṭi
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: any framing implying a repeatable cosmic-cyclical event
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Circumcision

NEW term, doctrine namesake, letter’s climactic claim. Collides with Hindu cyclical-creation cosmology and Jain denial of creation/creator; pair with ‘ખ્રિસ્તમાં’ to anchor to personal union. Occurrence: 6:15.

Flesh Sin Nature

Approved rendering: દેહસ્વભાવ
Transliteration: dehsvabhāv
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: rendering identical to the physical-sense term above without distinction
Original: σάρξ (moral-spiritual sense, opposed to the Spirit)
Category: Sanctification

NEW term, single most polysemous high-risk term in the letter. Guards against Jain/ascetic body-is-the-enemy misreading. Mandatory theologian review. Occurrences: 5:13-24, 6:8.

Fruit Of The Spirit

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્માનું ફળ
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmānũ phal
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: આત્માનું ફળ (drops પવિત્ર — reads as self/soul-cultivated fruit, reversing the doctrine)
Original: ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification

NEW term. Single highest-priority enforcement point in the letter; qualifier પવિત્ર never optional. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. Occurrences: 5:22-23.

Faith Working Through Love

Approved rendering: પ્રેમથી કાર્યરત વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: premthī kāryarat viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Rejected alternatives: reducing to either faith-alone or love-alone phrasing
Original: πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Sanctification

NEW term, doctrine namesake. Must protect both terms’ specific Christ-directed content simultaneously. Occurrence: 5:6.

Present Evil Age

Approved rendering: આ હાલનો દુષ્ટ કાળ
Transliteration: ā hālno duṣṭ kāl
Doctrine: Deliverance from the Present Evil Age
Rejected alternatives: યુગ-based rendering (Hindu cyclical yuga-cosmology)
Original: ὁ αἰὼν ὁ ἐνεστὼς πονηρός
Category: Eschatology

NEW term. Uses કાળ (neutral temporal word), never યુગ. Mandatory theologian review. Occurrence: 1:4.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians intensifies the risk: 1:6-9 explicitly denies that any ‘different’ message can be called સુવાર્તા at all. Occurrences: 1:6-11, 1:23, 2:2, 2:5, 2:7, 2:14, 3:8, 4:13.

Faith

Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 2:16, 2:20, 3:2-26, 5:5-6, 5:22, 6:10.

Called

Approved rendering: તેડાયેલા
Transliteration: tedāyelā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આમંત્રિત
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:6 (called into grace), 1:15 (called from the womb), 5:8, 5:13 (called to freedom).

Calling

Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Noun-form counterpart to ‘called.‘

Holy

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout the Flesh vs Spirit and Fruit of the Spirit material in chs. 5-6.

Saints

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર જનો
Transliteration: pavitra jano
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: સંતો, મુનિ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in Galatians but the doctrine applies to ‘the Israel of God’ concept in 6:16.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: પવિત્રીકરણ
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધિકરણ, તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Original: ἁγιασμός (concept underlies πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε, καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος)
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians expresses this doctrine primarily through the Flesh-versus-Spirit and Fruit-of-the-Spirit material (5:16-25) rather than the noun itself; never render as tapa-style self-imposed austerity.

Adoption

Approved rendering: દત્તકપણું
Transliteration: dattakpaṇũ
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: દત્તક લેવું
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 4:5 states this as the explicit purpose of Christ’s redemptive work, paired with 4:6’s Abba-cry and 4:7’s slave-to-son transition.

Law

Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, શરિયત
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians has the highest concentration of νόμος occurrences in the NT; kept lexically distinct from the newly introduced ‘law of Christ’ (નિયમ, not નિયમશાસ્ત્ર).

Sin

Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. 2:15-17’s ‘Gentile sinners’ is a foil Paul immediately dismantles; must not imply Gentiles are categorically worse sinners than Jews.

Glory

Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:5, 1:24 (doxological closings).

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન
Transliteration: viśvāsnũ āgnāpālan
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ધાર્મિક ફરજ
Original: ὑπακοή πίστεως (concept echoed at 3:2, 5:7)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Echoed in 3:2 (‘by works of the law or by hearing with faith?’) and 5:7 (‘obeying the truth’).

Power Of God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ (concept echoed at 3:5’s ἐνεργῶν δυνάμεις)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER શક્તિ. Echoed at 3:5 (‘working miracles’).

Covenant

Approved rendering: કરાર
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: સમજૂતી
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 3:15-17 argues the Abrahamic covenant cannot be annulled by the later Mosaic law; 4:24 applies the term allegorically.

Election

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī Pasandagī
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, નિયતિ, કર્મ-ફળ
Original: ἐκλογή (concept underlies 1:15’s ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:15’s ‘set apart before I was born’ is a direct election statement regarding Paul’s own apostolic calling.

Providence

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Vidhān
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, કર્મનો નિયમ
Original: πρόνοια (concept underlies 1:15, 4:4’s πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 4:4’s ‘fullness of time’ is this doctrine’s key Galatians expression.

Father

Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:1, 1:3-4, 4:2 (human sense, disambiguate contextually), 4:6.

Abba

Approved rendering: અબ્બા
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrence: 4:6, the Spirit’s cry within adopted believers.

Nullify

Approved rendering: રદ કરવું
Transliteration: rad karavũ
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: અવગણવું (disregard, too weak)
Original: ἀθετέω
Category: Law

NEW term. Formal legal-annulment force must be preserved. Occurrences: 2:21 (grace), 3:15 (a covenant/will).

Different Gospel

Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રકારની સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: anya prakārnī suvārtā
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: બીજી સુવાર્તા (a second gospel, implies harmless variant)
Original: ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel

NEW term. Must convey categorical falsity against Gujarat’s religious-pluralism assumption (‘many paths, one destination’). Occurrences: 1:6-7.

Truth Of The Gospel

Approved rendering: સુવાર્તાનું સત્ય
Transliteration: suvārtānũ satya
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
Category: Gospel

NEW term. સત્ય collides with Jain satya-vrata (cultivated ascetic virtue) and Gandhian truth-ethics; gospel-truth is fixed revealed content, not a cultivated virtue. Occurrences: 2:5, 2:14.

Revelation

Approved rendering: પ્રગટીકરણ
Transliteration: pragaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: જ્ઞાનપ્રાપ્તિ (attainment of knowledge, implies self-effort)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apostleship

NEW term. Distinguish from Jain kevalgyan (self-attained perfect knowledge) and guru-transmitted secret teaching. Occurrences: 1:12, 1:16.

Tradition Of The Fathers

Approved rendering: પિતૃઓની પરંપરા
Transliteration: pitṛonī paramparā
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: παράδοσις τῶν πατέρων
Category: Apostleship

NEW term. Collides with the positively-valenced guru-paramparā tradition; here it names what Paul left behind. Occurrence: 1:14.

Law Of Christ

Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તનો નિયમ
Transliteration: Khristno niyam
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: ખ્રિસ્તનું નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (would wrongly suggest a new Torah-equivalent code)
Original: ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Law

NEW term. Deliberately distinct lexical choice (નિયમ, not નિયમશાસ્ત્ર) to avoid reintroducing Mosaic-law framing. Occurrence: 6:2.

Promise

Approved rendering: વચન
Transliteration: vachan
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Must not read as a merely colloquial promise without covenantal, salvation-historical weight. Occurrences: 3:14-22, 4:23, 4:28.

Blessing

Approved rendering: આશીર્વાદ
Transliteration: āśirvād
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: εὐλογία
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Collides with guru/deity devotional blessing (āśirvād); anchor to God’s sovereign covenant gift, not devotional merit. Occurrences: 3:8-9, 3:14.

Mediator

Approved rendering: મધ્યસ્થ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Kept lexically distinct from મધ્યસ્થતા (intercession). Moses’ covenantal office, not a template for ongoing human spiritual intermediaries. Occurrences: 3:19-20.

Guardian Tutor

Approved rendering: બાળકનો પાલક
Transliteration: bāḷaknoo pālak
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: શિક્ષક (teacher, alone — misses custodial/disciplinary sense)
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Law

NEW term. No exact Gujarati cultural equivalent for the Greco-Roman παιδαγωγός role; requires explanatory note at first occurrence. Occurrences: 3:24-25.

Heir

Approved rendering: વારસ
Transliteration: vāras
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Adoption

NEW term. Inheritance by promise, not bloodline/merit — contrasts with typical Gujarati joint-family inheritance customs. Occurrences: 3:29, 4:1, 4:7.

Slave

Approved rendering: દાસ
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Adoption

NEW term. Structural contrast term against υἱός/ἐλευθερία throughout chs. 4-5. Occurrences: 4:1, 4:7, 5:1.

Fullness Of Time

Approved rendering: સમયની પૂર્ણતા
Transliteration: samaynī pūrṇatā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: any phrase implying cyclical/repeatable timing
Original: τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Linear salvation-history; avoid યુગ-cycle framing. Occurrence: 4:4.

Slavery

Approved rendering: દાસત્વ
Transliteration: dāstva
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: δουλεία
Category: Freedom

NEW term, built on દાસ. Paired contrast term with ઐલેવ્તેરિયા/સ્વતંત્રતા. Occurrences: 4:24, 5:1.

Circumcision

Approved rendering: સુન્નત
Transliteration: sunnat
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: no alternative available without risk
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Established loanword carries strong contemporary Islamic-community association in Gujarat; requires explanatory OT-background note (Genesis 17) at first occurrence. Mandatory joint theologian and native-speaker review. Occurrences: 2:3-12, 5:2-11, 6:12-15.

Works Of The Flesh

Approved rendering: દેહનાં કૃત્યો
Transliteration: dehnā kṛtyo
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: reuse of ‘નિયમશાસ્ત્રનાં કૃત્યો’ wording
Original: τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός
Category: Sanctification

NEW term. Must be visibly distinct from ‘works of the law’ despite the shared English word ‘works.’ Occurrences: 5:19-21.

Spirit Human Disposition

Approved rendering: સ્વભાવ (contextual, not આત્મા)
Transliteration: svabhāv
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: આત્મા alone, which risks misread as Holy Spirit reference
Original: πνεῦμα (human-disposition sense, not the divine Spirit)
Category: Sanctification

NEW term, cross-cutting caution. πνεῦμα is not always the divine Spirit in Galatians. Occurrence: 6:1 (‘spirit of gentleness’).

Love

Approved rendering: પ્રેમ
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification

NEW term. Collides with Vaishnav prem-bhakti (Radha-Krishna romantic devotional love); anchor to self-giving, substitutionary, Christ-directed content by context. Occurrences: 2:20, 5:6, 5:13-14, 5:22.

Unity In Christ

Approved rendering: યહૂદી નહિ કે ગ્રીક, દાસ નહિ કે સ્વતંત્ર, પુરુષ ને સ્ત્રી નહિ — બધા ખ્રિસ્તમાં એક છે
Transliteration: Yahūdī nahi ke grīk, dās nahi ke svatantra, puruṣ ne strī nahi — badhā Khristmā ek chhe
Doctrine: Unity of Believers in Christ
Rejected alternatives: any softened or reordered rendering
Original: οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ
Category: Church

NEW term, extends unity_of_jews_and_gentiles to class and gender. Must never be softened for caste/class/gender social-harmony reasons. Occurrence: 3:28.

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:1 sharpens the doctrine by stressing Paul’s apostleship is ‘not from man nor through man.’ Occurrences: 1:1, 1:17, 1:19.

Peace

Approved rendering: શાંતિ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:3, 5:22 (fruit of the Spirit), 6:16 (benediction).

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: આત્મિક કૃપાદાન
Transliteration: ātmik kṛpādān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: વરદાન, સિદ્ધિ
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum terminological consistency.

Church

Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:2, 1:13, 1:22.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વરનું રાષ્ટ્ર
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrence: 5:21, warning that habitual practicers of the works of the flesh ‘will not inherit’ it.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: anya prajāo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: વિદેશીઓ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 2:2-3, 2:8, 2:12, 2:14-15, 3:8.

Intercession

Approved rendering: મધ્યસ્થતા
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἔντευξις (concept only; term does not occur in Galatians)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Kept distinct from the newly introduced મધ્યસ્થ (mediator, an office/role, Gal 3:19-20).

Mission

Approved rendering: મિશન / સુવાર્તા પ્રચાર
Transliteration: miśan / suvārtā prachār
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή (concept underlies 1:16, 2:7-9)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences: 1:16, 2:7-9.

David

Approved rendering: દાઉદ
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Not named directly in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.

Israel

Approved rendering: ઇઝરાયલ
Transliteration: Izrāyal
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrence: 6:16, ‘the Israel of God’ — a redefined, faith-based Israel.

Transgressor

Approved rendering: નિયમભંગ કરનાર
Transliteration: niyambhang karnār
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: પાપી (generic sinner)
Original: παραβάτης
Category: Law

NEW term. Specific forensic self-indictment under the law, Gal 2:18.

False Brothers

Approved rendering: જૂઠા ભાઈઓ
Transliteration: jūṭhā bhāīo
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: જૂઠા મિત્રો (false friends)
Original: ψευδάδελφοι
Category: Gospel

NEW term. Professed-but-false church membership, not mere friendship. Occurrence: 2:4.

Hypocrisy

Approved rendering: દંભ
Transliteration: dambh
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Gospel

NEW term. Standard term. Occurrence: 2:13, Peter’s inconsistency at Antioch.

Zeal

Approved rendering: ઝનૂન
Transliteration: jhanūn
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ζῆλος / ζηλωτής
Category: Apostleship

NEW term. Paul’s pre-conversion religious fervor; culturally sensitive given contemporary communal tensions. Occurrence: 1:14.

Marks Of Jesus

Approved rendering: ઈસુનાં ચિહ્નો
Transliteration: Īsunā chihno
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Apostleship

NEW term. Involuntary suffering-scars, not voluntary devotional body-marking (tilak) or penitential marking. Occurrence: 6:17.

Guardians And Managers

Approved rendering: પાલકો અને કારભારીઓ
Transliteration: pālako ane kārbhārīo
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: ἐπίτροποι καὶ οἰκονόμοι
Category: Law

NEW term. Household legal-oversight image, culturally transparent given Gujarati joint-family guardianship customs. Occurrence: 4:2.

Yoke Of Slavery

Approved rendering: દાસત્વની ઝૂંસરી
Transliteration: dāstvanī jhũsarī
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ζυγὸς δουλείας
Category: Freedom

NEW term. Agricultural yoke-image, culturally transparent in Gujarat’s agrarian regions. Occurrence: 5:1.

Flesh Physical

Approved rendering: દેહ / શરીર
Transliteration: deha / śarīr
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: σάρξ (neutral/physical sense)
Category: Sanctification

NEW term (physical sense of the polysemous σάρξ). Must be lexically distinguished from the sin-nature sense below. Occurrence: 2:20.

Walk By The Spirit

Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા પ્રમાણે ચાલવું
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā pramāṇe chālavũ
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Original: περιπατέω πνεύματι
Category: Sanctification

NEW term. Standard biblical ‘walk’ metaphor for manner of life. Occurrences: 5:16, 5:25.

Bear One Anothers Burdens

Approved rendering: એકબીજાનો ભાર ઊંચકવો
Transliteration: ekbījāno bhār ũchakavo
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε
Category: Ethics

NEW term, doctrine namesake command. Distinct term-family from φορτίον/બોજ. Occurrence: 6:2.

Burden Shared

Approved rendering: ભાર
Transliteration: bhār
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: collapsing with બોજ into one undifferentiated word
Original: βάρος
Category: Ethics

NEW term. Communal burden-bearing sense; must remain lexically distinct from બોજ. Occurrence: 6:2.

Load Individual

Approved rendering: પોતાનો બોજ
Transliteration: potāno boj
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: collapsing with ભાર
Original: φορτίον (τὸ ἴδιον)
Category: Ethics

NEW term. Individual accountability sense, balancing 6:2’s communal command. Occurrence: 6:5.

Restore Gently

Approved rendering: પુનઃસ્થાપિત કરવું
Transliteration: punaḥsthāpit karavũ
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: any term implying harsh correction
Original: καταρτίζω
Category: Ethics

NEW term. Must pair with ‘gentleness’ framing. Occurrence: 6:1.

Sow And Reap

Approved rendering: વાવવું / લણવું
Transliteration: vāvavũ / laṇavũ
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Ethics

NEW term. Avoid impersonal-karma-mechanism misreading; God’s personal moral governance, not karma-law. Occurrences: 6:7-8.

Deliver Rescue

Approved rendering: છોડાવવા
Transliteration: choḍāvavā
Doctrine: Deliverance from the Present Evil Age
Original: ἐξαιρέω (ἐξέληται)
Category: Salvation

NEW term. Conceptually adjacent to but distinct from ઉદ્ધાર. Occurrence: 1:4.

Bewitched

Approved rendering: ભમાવ્યા / ઠગ્યા
Transliteration: bhamāvyā / ṭhagyā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: literal evil-eye (nazar) framing
Original: ἐβάσκανεν
Category: Faith

NEW term. Render the rebuking sense non-literally; avoid affirming folk evil-eye sorcery. Occurrence: 3:1.

Baptized

Approved rendering: બાપ્તિસ્મા પામવું
Transliteration: bāptismā pāmavũ
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Church

NEW term. Established Gujarati Christian sacramental loanword. Occurrence: 3:27.

Put On Christ

Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તને ધારણ કરવો
Transliteration: Khristne dhāraṇ karavo
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: ἐνδύω Χριστόν
Category: Salvation

NEW term. Clothing-metaphor for new identity. Occurrence: 3:27.

Boast

Approved rendering: ગૌરવ લેવું / બડાઈ મારવી
Transliteration: gaurav levũ / baḍāī māravī
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Ethics

NEW term. Distinguish legitimate cross-boasting (v.14) from illegitimate flesh-boasting (v.13). Occurrences: 6:13-14.

Jerusalem Above

Approved rendering: ઉપરની યરૂશાલેમ
Transliteration: uparnī Yarūshālem
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἡ ἄνω Ἰερουσαλήμ
Category: Eschatology

NEW term, built on established name યરૂશાલેમ. Eschatological, not merely geographic, sense must be clear from context. Occurrence: 4:26.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: આભારસ્તુતિ
Transliteration: ābhārstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in Galatians; retained for consistency.

Fellowship

Approved rendering: સંગત
Transliteration: saṅgat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: મિત્રતા
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Occurrence: 2:9, the Jerusalem apostles’ ‘right hand of fellowship.‘

Prophet

Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવક્તા
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: જ્યોતિષી
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Background concept to the Scripture-citation at 3:8.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવાણી
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ભવિષ્યફળ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Background concept to 3:8’s citation of Genesis.

Exhort

Approved rendering: પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું
Transliteration: protsāhan āpavũ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω (concept; term does not occur prominently in Galatians)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Retained for terminological consistency across the curriculum.

Abraham

Approved rendering: ઇબ્રાહીમ
Transliteration: Ibrāhīm
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant

Established proper name per baseline requirements-document transliteration standards. Occurrences: 3:6-29, 4:22.

Moses

Approved rendering: મૂસા
Transliteration: Mūsā
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant

Established proper name per baseline requirements-document transliteration standards. Implicit background to the law-mediation discussion at 3:19.

Jerusalem

Approved rendering: યરૂશાલેમ
Transliteration: Yarūshālem
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἰερουσαλήμ
Category: Covenant

Established proper name per baseline requirements-document transliteration standards. Occurrences: 1:17-18, 2:1, 4:25-26.

Judaism

Approved rendering: યહૂદી ધર્મ
Transliteration: Yahūdī dharma
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: Ἰουδαϊσμός
Category: Covenant

NEW term. ધર્મ acceptable here as a descriptive ethnic-religious-system label, unlike its rejection for νόμος/righteousness elsewhere. Occurrences: 1:13-14.

Allegory

Approved rendering: રૂપક તરીકે
Transliteration: rūpak tarīke
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἀλληγορούμενα
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Signals typological, not denied-historical, reading. Occurrence: 4:24.

Compel

Approved rendering: ફરજ પાડવી
Transliteration: faraj pāḍavī
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: ἀναγκάζω
Category: Law

NEW term. Standard term. Occurrences: 2:3, 2:14, 6:12.

Persecute

Approved rendering: સતાવવું
Transliteration: satāvavũ
Doctrine: Unity of Believers in Christ
Original: διώκω
Category: Church

NEW term. Standard term. Occurrences: 1:13, 1:23, 4:29, 5:11, 6:12.

Servant Of Sin

Approved rendering: પાપનો સેવક
Transliteration: pāpno sevak
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: διάκονος ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sin

NEW term. Rhetorical-question hypothesis Paul immediately rejects; pair tightly with μὴ γένοιτο (‘by no means’). Occurrence: 2:17.

By Birth

Approved rendering: જન્મથી
Transliteration: janmthī
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: φύσει
Category: Covenant

NEW term. Concession of inherited Jewish identity before arguing it does not justify. Occurrence: 2:15.

Hagar

Approved rendering: હાગાર
Transliteration: Hāgār
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἁγάρ
Category: Covenant

NEW proper name. Established Gujarati OT form. Occurrences: 4:21-31.

Sarah

Approved rendering: સારા
Transliteration: Sārā
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Σάρα
Category: Covenant

NEW proper name. Established Gujarati OT form. Occurrences: 4:21-31.

Ishmael

Approved rendering: ઇશ્માએલ
Transliteration: Ishmāel
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἰσμαήλ
Category: Covenant

NEW proper name. Established Gujarati OT form. Occurrences: 4:21-31.

Isaac

Approved rendering: ઇસહાક
Transliteration: Ishāk
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἰσαάκ
Category: Covenant

NEW proper name. Established Gujarati OT form. Occurrences: 4:21-31.

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