Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Book of James (English–Gujarati)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all five chapters of James, including the full verse-by-verse core passage (James 2:14–26). Risk tiers and definitions follow the same framework as the Romans baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json. Terms marked [Baseline Reuse] are already fixed in the Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and MUST be used exactly as recorded there — no alternative Gujarati rendering is proposed for these in James. All new terms proposed here are Phase-1 recommendations for Phase-2 translation-memory seeding, pending theologian review for every Critical/High item per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Doctrine (James) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | વિશ્વાસ (viśvāsa) | High | Faith and Works | Central to 2:14–26; personal trust in God, not bare assent (2:19) |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | કૃપા (kṛpā) | Critical | Grace to the Humble | 4:6 quoting Prov 3:34; reinforces baseline unmerited-favor doctrine |
| God | θεός (theos) | પરમેશ્વર (Parmeśvar) | Critical | throughout | Never ભગવાન |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | પ્રભુ (prabhu) | Critical | Lord’s Return; Providence | 4:15, 5:7–11, 5:14 |
| Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્ત (Īsu Khrist) | Critical | 1:1, 2:1 | Standard established forms |
| law | νόμος (nomos) | નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (niyamśāstra) | High | Perfect Law of Liberty; Royal Law | Never ધર્મ |
| sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | પાપ (pāp) | High | Universal moral responsibility | 1:15, 2:9, 5:15–16, 5:20 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | ન્યાયીપણું (nyāyīpaṇũ) | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:23, 3:18, 5:6 |
| justification/justified | δικαιόω (dikaioō) | ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું (nyāyī ṭharāvavũ) | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:21, 2:24, 2:25 — see extensive Phase-1 doctrinal note; retain baseline term exactly |
| imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη…εἰς δικαιοσύνην | આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું (āropit nyāyīpaṇũ) | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:23 quotes the identical Gen 15:6 text as Romans 4:3 — verbatim cross-book consistency required |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | મહિમા (mahimā) | High | Deity of Christ | 2:1, “the Lord of glory” |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | શાંતિ (śānti) | Medium–High | Peace-making | 2:16 (idiomatic), 3:18 (ethical sense) |
Section B — New Terms Introduced in James (by Chapter)
Chapter 1
| English | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| brothers | ἀδελφοί (adelphoi) | ભાઈઓ (bhāīo) | Low | Community-wide address |
| servant | δοῦλος (doulos) | દાસ (dās) | Low–Medium | Title of honored submission |
| dispersion | διασπορά (diaspora) | વિખેરાયેલા (vikherāyelā) | Low | Historical-geographic |
| trial (testing) | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | કસોટી (kasoṭī) | High | 1:2–4, 1:12; God-permitted, faith-testing |
| temptation (enticement to sin) | πειρασμός/πειράζω (peirazō) | પ્રલોભન (pralobhan) | High | 1:13–14; NEVER from God — disambiguate from કસોટી |
| proven genuineness | δοκίμιον/δόκιμος (dokimion/dokimos) | પ્રમાણિતતા (pramāṇitā) | Medium | Refining-fire metaphor |
| steadfastness/endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | ધીરજ (dhīraj) | Medium–High | Distinguish from ch.5 μακροθυμία; avoid ascetic-tapa framing |
| perfect/complete/mature | τέλειος (teleios) | સંપૂર્ણ (sampūrṇ) | Critical | NEVER સિદ્ધ-rooted; 1:4, 1:17, 1:25 |
| wisdom | σοφία (sophia) | ડહાપણ (ḍahāpaṇ) | High | Avoid જ્ઞાન (Jain samyak jñāna collision) |
| ask | αἰτέω (aiteō) | માગવું (māgavũ) | Low | Wisdom is requested, not attained |
| double-minded | δίψυχος (dipsychos) | બે મનનો (be manno) | Medium | Recurs at 4:8 |
| unstable | ἀκατάστατος (akatastatos) | અસ્થિર (asthir) | Low | |
| lowly | ταπεινός (tapeinos) | દીન (dīn) | Medium | Social-status reversal theme |
| rich | πλούσιος (plousios) | ધનવાન (dhanvān) | Medium | Favoritism doctrine link |
| poor | πτωχός (ptōchos) | ગરીબ/દરિદ્ર (garīb/daridra) | Medium | Favoritism doctrine link |
| blessed | μακάριος (makarios) | ધન્ય (dhanya) | Low–Medium | Not “lucky” (નસીબદાર) |
| crown of life | στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς | જીવનનો મુગટ (jīvanno mugaṭ) | Medium | Gift, not karmic reward |
| desire/lust | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | દુષ્ટ ઇચ્છા (duṣṭ icchā) | High | NEVER વાસના (Hindu/Jain karmic-impression term) |
| Father of lights | πατὴρ τῶν φώτων | જ્યોતિઓના પિતા (jyotio nā Pitā) | Medium | Avoid pure light-metaphysics reading |
| word of truth | λόγος ἀληθείας | સત્યનું વચન (satyanũ vachan) | Medium | Gospel-adjacent |
| implanted word | λόγος ἔμφυτος | રોપાયેલું વચન (ropāyelũ vachan) | Medium | Not innate ātman-spark |
| hearer of the word | ἀκροατής λόγου | વચનના સાંભળનાર | High | Pairs with “doer” below |
| doer of the word | ποιητής λόγου | વચનના કરનાર | High | Anticipates ch.2 faith/works argument |
| mirror | ἔσοπτρον (esoptron) | અરીસો (arīso) | Low | Illustrative |
| liberty/freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | સ્વતંત્રતા (svatantratā) | High | NEVER મુક્તિ (moksha-collision) |
| religion (general) | θρησκεία (thrēskeia) | ધર્માચરણ / ધર્મ (dharmācaraṇ) | Medium | SCOPE-LIMITED: permissible only for θρησκεία, never for νόμος/δικαιοσύνη |
| orphan | ὀρφανός (orphanos) | અનાથ (anāth) | Medium | |
| widow | χήρα (chēra) | વિધવા (vidhvā) | Medium | |
| the world | κόσμος (kosmos) | જગત (jagat) | Critical | NEVER સંસાર (samsara-cycle collision); recurs ch.4 |
Chapter 2 (2:1–13, favoritism section)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| partiality/favoritism | προσωπολημψία (prosōpolēmpsia) | પક્ષપાત (pakṣapāt) | High | Directly challenges caste/status hierarchy |
| assembly | συναγωγή (synagōgē) | સભા (sabhā) | Medium | Distinct from baseline મંડળી; same referent |
| judge | κριτής (kritēs) | ન્યાયાધીશ (nyāyādhīś) | Medium | Shares ન્યાય root with justification vocabulary |
| judgment | κρίσις (krisis) | ન્યાય (nyāy) | Medium | |
| kingdom | βασιλεία (basileia) | રાજ્ય (rājya) | Medium | Baseline kingdom_of_god pattern |
| mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | દયા (dayā) | Medium–High | Relational/reciprocal, not self-generated ascetic merit |
| royal law | νόμος βασιλικός | રાજમાન્ય નિયમશાસ્ત્ર | Medium | ”Love your neighbor” |
| commandment | ἐντολή (entolē) | આજ્ઞા (āgnā) | Low | |
| adultery | μοιχεύω (moicheuō) | વ્યભિચાર (vyabhichār) | Low | |
| murder | φονεύω (phoneuō) | હત્યા (hatyā) | Low |
Chapter 2 (2:14–26, CORE PASSAGE — see 07_semantic_analysis.md Part 1 for full verse-by-verse detail)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| works | ἔργα (erga) | કામો (kāmo) | Critical | NEVER કર્મ-conflated; fruit of faith, not merit-basis |
| save (eternal sense) | σῴζω (sōzō) | ઉદ્ધાર કરવો/પામવો | High | Verb built on baseline ઉદ્ધાર; disambiguate from healing sense (5:15) |
| dead | νεκρός (nekros) | મરેલું (marelũ) | Medium | 2:17, 2:26 |
| show/demonstrate | δείκνυμι (deiknymi) | બતાવવું (batāvavũ) | Low | Evidentiary framing verb |
| believe | πιστεύω (pisteuō) | વિશ્વાસ કરવો | High | Verb form of baseline વિશ્વાસ |
| demons | δαιμόνια (daimonia) | દુષ્ટાત્માઓ (duṣṭātmāo) | Medium | Distinct from bhut-pret/vyantara |
| shudder | φρίσσω (phrissō) | કંપી ઊઠવું | Low | |
| foolish person | ἄνθρωπε κενέ | મૂર્ખ માણસ | Low | |
| useless/barren | ἀργός (argos) | નિરુપયોગી (nirupayogī) | Medium | Distinct from νεκρός where text distinguishes |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | ઇબ્રાહીમ | Low | Established transliteration |
| father (ancestor) | πατήρ (patēr) | પિતા (pitā) | Medium | Disambiguate from God-the-Father baseline term |
| justified | δικαιόω (dikaioō) | ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું | Critical | Vindication/evidentiary sense; mandatory doctrinal note re: Romans consistency; 2:21, 24, 25 |
| offered up | ἀναφέρω (anapherō) | ચઢાવ્યો/અર્પણ કર્યો | Medium | Avoid generic puja-offering framing |
| altar | θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion) | વેદી (vedī) | Medium | Distinguish from Vedic yajna-vedi |
| worked together | συνεργέω (synergeō) | સાથે કામ કર્યું | High | Avoid synergistic-earning misreading |
| completed/perfected | τελειόω (teleioō) | પરિપૂર્ણ થયું/સંપૂર્ણ કરાયું | Critical | NEVER સિદ્ધ-rooted |
| Scripture | γραφή (graphē) | પવિત્રશાસ્ત્ર (Pavitraśāstra) | High | Baseline inspiration_of_scripture doctrine pattern |
| fulfilled | πληρόω (plēroō) | પૂર્ણ થયું | High | Linear, not cyclical, fulfillment |
| counted/reckoned | λογίζομαι (logizomai) | આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું (phrase) | Critical | Verbatim match to Romans 4:3 |
| friend of God | φίλος θεοῦ (philos theou) | પરમેશ્વરનો મિત્ર | High | Contrast with 4:4’s negative “friendship with world” |
| alone | μόνον (monon) | એકલું/માત્ર | Low | 2:24 — “not by faith alone” |
| Rahab | Ῥαάβ | રહાબ (Rahāb) | Low | Proper name; needs OT note |
| the prostitute | πόρνη (pornē) | ગણિકા (gaṇikā) | Medium | Do not soften per doctrinal-preservation rule |
| received | ὑποδέχομαι (hypodechomai) | સ્વીકાર્યા/આવકાર્યા | Low | |
| messengers (human) | ἄγγελος (angelos, human sense) | દૂતો/સંદેશવાહકો | Medium | Distinguish from દેવદૂતો (angels) |
| sent out | ἐκβάλλω (ekballō) | મોકલી દીધા | Low | |
| body | σῶμα (sōma) | શરીર (śarīr) | Low | 2:16, 2:26 |
| spirit (human breath) | πνεῦμα (pneuma, non-Holy-Spirit sense) | આત્મા/શ્વાસ | High | Disambiguate from પવિત્ર આત્મા and from Hindu/Jain ātman |
Chapter 3
| English | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| teacher | διδάσκαλος (didaskalos) | શિક્ષક (śikṣak) | Medium | Distinguish from guru-role |
| the tongue | γλῶσσα (glōssa) | જીભ (jībh) | High | Anchor term, Taming the Tongue doctrine |
| bridle/control | χαλιναγωγέω (chalinagōgeō) | લગામ નાખવી | Medium | |
| rudder | πηδάλιον (pēdalion) | સુકાન (sukān) | Low | |
| Gehenna/hell | γέεννα (geenna) | નરક (narak) | Critical | Distinguish from Hindu/Jain temporary/cyclical naraka |
| the course of life | τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως | સમગ્ર જીવનપ્રવાહ | Critical | False-friend; AVOID ચક્ર (wheel/samsara-chakra) |
| tame | δαμάζω (damazō) | વશ કરવું | Low | |
| poison | ἰός (ios) | ઝેર (zer) | Low | |
| bless | εὐλογέω (eulogeō) | આશીર્વાદ આપવો | Medium | |
| curse | καταράομαι (kataraomai) | શાપ આપવો | Medium | Focus on consistency, not curse-efficacy |
| image/likeness of God | καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરની પ્રતિમામાં સર્જાયેલા | High | No equivalent category in Jain/Hindu anthropology |
| wisdom from above | σοφία ἄνωθεν | ઉપરથી આવેલું ડહાપણ | High | Contrasted with three negative sources below |
| earthly | ἐπίγειος (epigeios) | પૃથ્વી પરની/દુન્યવી | Medium | AVOID સાંસારિક (samsara-root) |
| natural/soulish | ψυχικός (psychikos) | શારીરિક/માનવીય | Medium | Merely human, not demon-inspired |
| demonic | δαιμονιώδης (daimoniōdēs) | શેતાની (śetānī) | Medium | |
| jealousy | ζῆλος (zēlos) | ઈર્ષા (īrṣā) | Low | |
| selfish ambition | ἐριθεία (eritheia) | સ્વાર્થ (svārth) | Low | |
| sincere/without hypocrisy | ἀνυπόκριτος (anypokritos) | કપટ વિનાનું | Low |
Chapter 4
| English | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| wars/conflicts | πόλεμος/μάχη | લડાઈઓ/ઝઘડાઓ | Low | |
| pleasure | ἡδονή (hēdonē) | સુખભોગ (sukhbhog) | Low–Medium | Rare positive convergence with Jain critique of bhoga |
| spiritual adultery | μοιχαλίς (moichalis) | વ્યભિચારી (vyabhichārī) | Medium | OT covenant-marriage metaphor; needs background |
| friendship with the world | φιλία τοῦ κόσμου | જગત સાથેની મિત્રતા | High | Anchor term, Worldliness doctrine; contrast with 2:23 |
| enmity | ἔχθρα (echthra) | શત્રુતા (śatrutā) | Low | |
| envy | φθόνος (phthonos) | અદેખાઈ (adekhāī) | Low | |
| proud | ὑπερήφανος (hyperēphanos) | અભિમાની (abhimānī) | Medium–High | Grace-to-humble reinforcement |
| humble (adj.) | ταπεινός (tapeinos) | નમ્ર (namra) | Medium | |
| humble yourselves | ταπεινόω (tapeinoō) | નમ્ર થાઓ | Medium–High | Distinguish from ascetic self-abasement |
| he will exalt | ὑψόω (hypsoō) | ઊંચા કરશે | Medium | God’s gracious act, not self-earned |
| the devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | શેતાન (Śetān) | High | Personal, defeated adversary; distinguish from asura/māyā/vyantara |
| draw near | ἐγγίζω (engizō) | પાસે આવવું | Low–Medium | Relational, not merit-mediated access |
| cleanse (hearts) | ἁγνίζω/καθαρίζω | શુદ્ધ કરવું (śuddh karavũ) | Medium–High | Reuses baseline “holy” caution re: ritual/ascetic purity |
| lawgiver | νομοθέτης (nomothetēs) | નિયમદાતા (niyamdātā) | Medium | Sole divine authority, vs. guru/Tirthankara |
| mist/vapor | ἀτμίς (atmis) | ધુમ્મસ/વરાળ | Low | Positive convergence: impermanence theme |
Chapter 5
| English | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| store up | θησαυρίζω (thēsaurizō) | ભંડારવું (bhaṇḍārvũ) | Low | |
| wages | μισθός (misthos) | મજૂરી/વેતન | Low | |
| Lord of hosts | Κύριος Σαβαώθ | પ્રભુ સાબાઓથ | Medium | Retain transliteration, cf. Abba precedent |
| luxury/self-indulgence | τρυφάω/σπαταλάω | એશઆરામ/વિલાસ | Low–Medium | |
| day of slaughter | σφαγή (sphagē) | કતલનો દિવસ | Low | Do not soften image |
| righteous person | δίκαιος (dikaios) | ન્યાયી (nyāyī) | Medium | Baseline ન્યાય-root |
| patience/long-suffering | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | સહનશીલતા (sahanśīltā) | High | Anchor term, Patience & Lord’s Return; keep distinct from ὑπομονή/ધીરજ |
| the coming (parousia) | παρουσία (parousia) | પ્રભુનું પુનરાગમન | Critical | પુનર્-root caution + avatar-return caution; single, unique, final event |
| establish (hearts) | στηρίζω (stērizō) | હૃદય સ્થિર કરવું | Low–Medium | |
| grumble | στενάζω (stenazō) | કચકચ કરવી | Low | |
| the Lord’s purpose | τέλος κυρίου | પ્રભુનો હેતુ/પરિણામ | Medium | Not a fatalistic “end” |
| compassionate | οἰκτίρμων (oiktirmōn) | કૃપાળુ (kṛpāḷu) | Medium–High | Built on Critical baseline કૃપા root |
| swear (an oath) | ὄμνυμι (omnymi) | સમ ખાવા (sam khāvā) | Medium–High | Contrast with Jain vrata vow-system |
| sick | ἀσθενέω (astheneō) | માંદો/બિમાર | High | Anchor term, Prayer & Healing; vs. karma-caused-illness framework |
| elders (church office) | πρεσβύτεροι (presbyteroi) | વડીલો (vaḍīlo) | Medium | Disambiguate from general “elders/seniors” |
| anoint with oil | ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ | તેલ ચોળવું (tel choḷavũ) | Critical | AVOID અભિષેક (Hindu ritual-efficacy collision) |
| prayer of faith | εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως | વિશ્વાસની પ્રાર્થના | High | Ties healing to faith vocabulary, not ritual/merit |
| save/heal (physical) | σῴζω (sōzō, healing sense) | સાજો કરશે (sājo karśe) | Medium–High | Distinct from 2:14’s eternal-salvation sense |
| raise up (from sickness) | ἐγείρω (egeirō) | ઊઠાવશે/સાજો કરી ઊઠાડશે | High | Disambiguate from resurrection_of_christ doctrine’s use of same verb |
| forgiven (sins) | ἀφίημι (aphiēmi) | માફ કરાશે/માફી | Medium | Distinct from baseline’s justification-specific caution; fine for general forgiveness |
| confess | ἐξομολογέομαι (exomologeomai) | કબૂલ કરવું (kabūl karavũ) | High | Anchor term, Confession & Restoration; vs. priestly confession and Jain pratikramaṇa |
| pray | προσεύχομαι/εὔχομαι | પ્રાર્થના કરવી | Medium | New basic prayer term for this curriculum |
| Elijah | Ἠλίας | એલિયા (Eliyā) | Low–Medium | Needs OT background note |
| turn back/restore | ἐπιστρέφω (epistrephō) | પાછો લાવવો | Medium | Confession & Restoration doctrine |
| error/wandering | πλάνη (planē) | ભૂલ/ભટકવું | Low | |
| soul | ψυχή (psychē) | આત્મા/જીવ | High | Disambiguate from Hindu/Jain transmigrating jīva/ātman |
| covers a multitude of sins | καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | પાપોના સમૂહને ઢાંકે છે | Medium | OT atonement-covering imagery |
Risk Summary
| Tier | Count (new James terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 (ἔργα, δικαιόω [reuse-critical], τέλειος/τελειόω, κόσμος, γέεννα, τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως, παρουσία, ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ) | Human theologian — mandatory, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md escalation rules |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium | ~40 | Native speaker review |
| Low | ~25 | Automated review |
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json during Phase 1 Step 2 (per the pipeline’s incremental-versioning rule) before any Phase 2 James segment translation begins. All Critical and High entries require the doctrinal notes recorded in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md to be preserved as translator/teacher notes in the Phase 2 output pipeline.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace and Humility
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 4:6 (quoting Proverbs 3:34, ‘God gives grace to the humble’) directly reinforces the baseline contrast against both the Hindu karma-merit economy and Jain nirjara (self-earned karmic shedding). Never નિર્જરા or પુણ્ય.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James uses this word-family in both a forensic/credited sense (2:23, quoting Gen 15:6) and a visible ethical-fruit sense (3:18, 5:6); must serve both senses without collapsing into Jain સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય (self-achieved right conduct).
Justification
Approved rendering: ન્યાયી ઠરાવવું
Transliteration: nyāyī ṭharāvavũ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: માફી મળવી, પુણ્ય કમાવું
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package - MUST remain verbatim identical, per cross-document consistency mandate; no substitute term permitted. James 2:21, 24, 25 use this identical Gujarati phrase in a DEMONSTRATIVE/EVIDENTIARY sense (a person’s already-credited righteousness shown genuine before others by works) - not Romans’ initial forensic sense (God’s declaration that a sinner is righteous). Every occurrence in James 2:14-26 requires a mandatory theologian-reviewed translator/teacher note explaining James answers ‘how do you know faith is real?’ (by works) while Romans answers ‘how does a sinner first become right with God?’ (by faith alone, Romans 3:28) - without this note, Gujarati readers may conclude James contradicts Romans and confirms a karma-merit economy.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged noun). James 2:14 uses the related verb σῴζω built on this noun in its ETERNAL-salvation sense (‘can that faith save him?’). James 5:15,20 use the SAME Greek verb in a PHYSICAL-HEALING sense, requiring the distinct verb સાજો કરશે (see save_heal_physical) so the two senses are never conflated.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Relevant to James by CONTRAST: James 5:15’s ἐγείρω (‘the Lord will raise him up’) describes an ordinary sick person being restored from their sickbed and must NEVER use પુનરુત્થાન-family vocabulary. Mandatory disambiguation note required at 5:15 so this doctrine’s uniqueness (Christ’s one-time bodily resurrection) is not diluted by a healing-recovery passage using the same Greek verb.
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Must convey a living, presently reigning sovereign in James 4:15 (‘if the Lord wills’), 5:7-11 (awaiting the Lord’s coming), and 5:14 (elders praying in the Lord’s name) - distinct from a Jain Tirthankara permanently withdrawn from the world.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Combined with ખ્રિસ્ત as ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્ત in James 1:1 and 2:1, per established transliteration standards.
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never ભગવાન. Source of every good gift and giver of grace to the humble (James 1:17; 4:6).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Relevant to James by CONTRAST: James 2:26’s πνεῦμα (human life-breath) and James 4:5’s disputed πνεῦμα reference must be carefully distinguished from this Critical baseline term - આત્મા is NOT automatically the Holy Spirit in every James occurrence. See spirit_human_breath.
Father
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Will
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 1:17 (‘Father of lights’, see father_of_lights) uses this term of God directly. James 2:21 (‘Abraham our father/ancestor’, see father_ancestor) uses the SAME Gujarati word in a non-divine ancestral sense - a footnote at first occurrence in James 2 is required to prevent confusion with this Critical baseline term.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: āropit nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: સ્વ-પ્રયત્નથી મેળવેલ ન્યાયીપણું
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package - MUST be verbatim identical. James 2:23 quotes the IDENTICAL Genesis 15:6 clause as Romans 4:3 (ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην). This is the strongest internal proof that James’s ‘justified by works’ language cannot mean ‘earned by works’, since Abraham’s righteousness is rooted in a credited status received by faith alone, prior to and independent of the offering of Isaac. Enforce identical string match at the segment-cache level across both curricula.
Works
Approved rendering: કામો
Transliteration: kāmo
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: કર્મ
Original: ἔργα
Category: Faith and Works
CRITICAL. કામો is phonetically and conceptually adjacent to કર્મ (karma), the self-generated, impersonal merit/demerit residue central to Hindu devotional thought and Jain doctrine. James, uniquely, discusses ἔργα POSITIVELY (unlike Romans’ negative ‘works of the law’), making a karma-merit misreading unusually tempting. Every occurrence in 2:14-26 must be anchored via surrounding catechesis to the truth that these કામો are grace-given faith’s fruit, never its earning cause. Never use કર્મ.
Completed Perfected
Approved rendering: પરિપૂર્ણ થયું
Transliteration: paripūrṇ thayũ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: સિદ્ધ થયું, સિદ્ધત્વ પામ્યું
Original: τελειόω
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:22, τελειόω. Must NEVER be rendered with any સિદ્ધ-rooted term (સિદ્ધ, સિદ્ધત્વ, સિદ્ધિ) - the Jain soul’s self-attained perfected/liberated state through its own ascetic effort, the exact inversion of James’s point that the FRUIT, not the faith’s origin, reaches maturity. Use only સંપૂર્ણ-rooted vocabulary.
Perfect Complete Mature
Approved rendering: સંપૂર્ણ
Transliteration: sampūrṇ
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: સિદ્ધ, સિદ્ધત્વ, સિદ્ધિ
Original: τέλειος
Category: Trials and the Testing of Faith
James 1:4, 1:17, 1:25, 3:2, τέλειος. Never સિદ્ધ-rooted - names the Jain soul’s own ascetic-effort attainment of omniscient liberated status, the exact antithesis of James’s point that maturity is produced through God’s gracious process in trials, not self-generated.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: નરક
Transliteration: narak
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment (Gehenna)
Original: γέεννα
Category: Taming the Tongue
James 3:6, γέεννα. In popular Hindu and Jain cosmology, narak names one of several TEMPORARY hell-realms within the beginningless, endless samsara cycle, with no personal creator-judge (Jain cosmology admits no creator at all). Mandatory translator/teacher note required distinguishing final, personal, unending biblical judgment from this cyclical, impersonal, temporary punitive-realm concept. No alternative term is used - fence by note, not substitution.
Course Of Life
Approved rendering: સમગ્ર જીવનપ્રવાહ
Transliteration: samagra jīvan-pravāh
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment (Gehenna)
Rejected alternatives: ચક્ર (wheel imagery forbidden)
Original: τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως
Category: Taming the Tongue
James 3:6, τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως, lit. ‘the wheel of birth/becoming’, idiomatically simply ‘the whole course of a lifetime’. CRITICAL false-friend: this literal wording is startlingly close to the Hindu/Jain bhavachakra/saṃsāra-chakra (‘wheel of rebirth’). James’s idiom has NO reincarnation content. Deliberately avoid ચક્ર (‘wheel’) entirely, even at the cost of literal fidelity to the source idiom’s imagery. Flag for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
The World Kosmos
Approved rendering: જગત
Transliteration: jagat
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: સંસાર
Original: κόσμος
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 1:27, 4:4, κόσμος. Never સંસાર - the standard Hindu/Jain term for the entire cycle of worldly, embodied existence across countless rebirths, from which moksha/mukti is escape. James’s ‘world’ is a present moral-spiritual allegiance to renounce, not the rebirth-cycle itself. High-vigilance term throughout the book.
The Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: પ્રભુનું પુનરાગમન
Transliteration: Prabhunũ Punarāgaman
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: παρουσία
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:7-8, παρουσία. CRITICAL, two-fold: (1) contains the પુનર્- root shared with the forbidden પુનર્જન્મ (‘rebirth’); every occurrence needs a note distinguishing Christ’s own one-time, personal, bodily return from a soul’s rebirth into a new body. (2) Must be distinguished from Gujarat’s live Vaishnav devotional expectation of a still-future avatar (Kalki, especially salient given Dwarka) - the same avatar-collision risk the baseline documents for the incarnation, recurring at the doctrine of Christ’s return.
Anoint With Oil
Approved rendering: તેલ ચોળવું
Transliteration: tel choḷavũ
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: અભિષેક
Original: ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14, ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ. CRITICAL: never અભિષેક, the heavily loaded Hindu ritual term for ceremonially anointing a deity’s image, believed to carry independent spiritual efficacy - this would directly contradict v.15’s own logic that efficacy lies in the PRAYER OF FAITH, not the oil. Use plain, non-ceremonial તેલ ચોળવું with a mandatory distinguishing note.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Closely related to, though broader than, James’s ‘implanted word’ (1:21, λόγος ἔμφυτος) and ‘word of truth’ (1:18); cross-reference recommended in teaching material at those verses.
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith and Works
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Central to James 2:14-26. James 2:19 (‘even the demons believe - and shudder’) demonstrates that bare intellectual assent is NOT this term’s meaning; વિશ્વાસ must always denote actual reliant trust in God/Christ, never generic devotional assent.
Law
Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, શરિયત
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant and Scripture
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never ધર્મ. James 1:25 (‘the perfect law of liberty’) and 2:8-12 (‘the royal law’) both build on this term. SCOPE NOTE specific to James: ધર્મ/ધર્માચરણ may be used ONLY for θρησκεία (‘religion’ in the general observance sense, James 1:26-27, see religion_general) and must NEVER be used for નિયમશાસ્ત્ર itself.
Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Sin and Temptation
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin and Temptation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 1:15, 2:9, 5:15-16, 5:20 retain the baseline’s insistence that sin is a personal moral offense against a personal, judging-and-forgiving God, not the impersonal karma-matter (karma-pudgala) that adheres automatically per Jain doctrine.
Glory
Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 2:1 (‘our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory’) stacks this term directly with પ્રભુ in a compact, high-density deity-of-Christ statement; flag for the same theologian-review routing as Romans’ glory occurrences.
Providence
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Vidhān
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Will
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, કર્મનો નિયમ
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 1:17 (‘Father of lights’), 4:13-17 (‘if the Lord wills’), and 5:11 (‘the Lord’s purpose’ shown in Job’s story) directly echo and reinforce this doctrine - God’s personal, purposive governance, never impersonal fate or the self-executing law of karma.
Believe
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ કરવો
Transliteration: viśvāsa karavo
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા રાખવી, ભક્તિ કરવી
Original: πιστεύω
Category: Faith and Works
Verb form built on baseline વિશ્વાસ root. James 2:19 (‘you believe that God is one… even the demons believe and shudder’) shows bare theological assent is not saving faith; must be distinguished from Gujarat’s bhakti/shraddha devotional assent.
Worked Together
Approved rendering: સાથે કામ કર્યું
Transliteration: sāthe kām karyũ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: συνεργέω
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:22, συνεργέω. The most exegetically dangerous single word in the core passage for a synergistic (faith-plus-works-jointly-earn-salvation) misreading. Catechetical framing must clarify this describes the observable integration of a grace-given faith with its grace-enabled fruit, not a cooperative earning mechanism.
Friend Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનો મિત્ર
Transliteration: Parmeśvarno mitra
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: φίλος θεοῦ
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:23, φίλος θεοῦ. Gujarat’s Vaishnav sakhya-bhāva (friendship-mode devotion) offers a genuine positive bridge, but teach that this friendship results from God’s initiative and credited righteousness, not devotional merit. Must share the મિત્ર root with James 4:4’s negative ‘friendship with the world’ (see friendship_with_the_world) to preserve the letter’s deliberate structural contrast.
Scripture
Approved rendering: પવિત્રશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: Pavitraśāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Covenant and Scripture
James 2:23, γραφή (quoting Genesis 15:6). Distinguish from Hindu shruti (eternally-heard truth) and Jain Agamas (Tirthankara-preserved teaching).
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: પૂર્ણ થયું
Transliteration: pūrṇ thayũ
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant and Scripture
James 2:23, πληρόω. Linear, one-time historical fulfillment, not the cyclical fulfillment-pattern of Hindu yuga-cycles or Jain cosmology’s beginningless, endless ages.
Spirit Human Breath
Approved rendering: શ્વાસ
Transliteration: śvās
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: આત્મા (avoid where natural usage permits)
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:26, πνεῦμα in the human life-breath sense, NOT the Holy Spirit. આત્મા carries three possible referents in Gujarati (Holy Spirit, human life-breath, Hindu/Jain transmigrating soul-substance); prefer શ્વાસ where natural; require a footnote wherever આત્મા is used instead.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: કસોટી
Transliteration: kasoṭī
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Trials and the Testing of Faith
James 1:2-4, 1:12, πειρασμός sense 1 - an external hardship God permits to test and grow genuine faith. Must be rendered with a DIFFERENT Gujarati word from ‘temptation’ (1:13-14, see temptation) to avoid the false conclusion that God morally entices people to sin.
Temptation
Approved rendering: પ્રલોભન
Transliteration: pralobhan
Doctrine: Sin and Temptation
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Sin and Temptation
James 1:13-14, πειρασμός/πειράζω sense 2 - internal enticement toward sin, which God never sends (1:13). If rendered with the same word used for 1:2-4’s God-permitted trials, Gujarati readers could conclude God tempts people toward sin.
Steadfastness Endurance
Approved rendering: ધીરજ
Transliteration: dhīraj
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Trials and the Testing of Faith
James 1:3-4, 1:12, 5:11, ὑπομονή. Distinguish from Gujarat’s Jain-influenced culture of ascetic tolerance (sahishnutā/kṣamā) cultivated as a self-generated, karma-shedding virtue. Keep distinct from μακροθυμία/સહનશીલતા (chapter 5’s ‘patience’, see patience_longsuffering) - two related-but-distinguishable virtues.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: ડહાપણ
Transliteration: ḍahāpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: જ્ઞાન
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom from Above
James 1:5, σοφία. Avoid જ્ઞાન as the primary rendering: જ્ઞાન is the Jain samyak jñāna (one of the Three Jewels attained by self-effort) and central to the Hindu jñāna-mārga toward moksha. James’s wisdom is a relational gift freely given by a personal God in answer to simple request (1:5, ‘ask’), not a rung on a self-directed enlightenment ladder.
Wisdom From Above
Approved rendering: ઉપરથી આવેલું ડહાપણ
Transliteration: uparthī āvelũ ḍahāpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: σοφία ἄνωθεν
Category: Wisdom from Above
James 3:13-17, σοφία ἄνωθεν. Anchor term for the doctrine; contrasted with three negative sources (earthly/soulish/demonic) which must each be kept lexically distinct per their own entries below.
Partiality Favoritism
Approved rendering: પક્ષપાત
Transliteration: pakṣapāt
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:1-9, προσωπολημψία. Directly parallels the Romans baseline’s caution around caste-based and community-based spiritual hierarchy; must not be softened in a state where caste identity remains socially significant across Hindu and Jain communities.
Image Likeness Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની પ્રતિમામાં સર્જાયેલા
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī pratimāmā sarjāyelā
Doctrine: Imago Dei / Human Dignity
Original: καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν θεοῦ
Category: Anthropology
James 3:9, καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν θεοῦ. No equivalent category in either dominant Gujarati religious tradition: Jainism has no creator God, so no human is ‘made in’ anyone’s image; Hindu ātman-in-Brahman thought frames ultimate identity, not distinct creaturely likeness. Build from first principles; undergirds Favoritism and the Poor.
The Tongue
Approved rendering: જીભ
Transliteration: jībh
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Taming the Tongue
James 3:1-12, γλῶσσα. Anchor term for this doctrine; must be rendered consistently across the whole extended metaphor cluster (bit/bridle, rudder, fire, spring, fig tree).
Friendship With The World
Approved rendering: જગત સાથેની મિત્રતા
Transliteration: jagat sātheni mitratā
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: φιλία τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:4, φιλία τοῦ κόσμου. Anchor term; stands in deliberate structural tension with 2:23’s positive ‘friend of God’ (see friend_of_god). Must share the મિત્ર/મિત્રતા root with that verse so the letter’s rhetorical contrast survives translation.
The Devil
Approved rendering: શેતાન
Transliteration: Śetān
Doctrine: Spiritual Resistance to the Devil
Original: διάβολος
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:7, διάβολος. Must be distinguished from Hindu/folk-religious asura or rakshasa (different cosmological role), from impersonal māyā (illusion), and from Jain vyantara nature-spirits (morally ambiguous, not definitively God-opposing). James’s point requires this figure to be personal, singular, chief, and already-defeated.
Humble Yourselves
Approved rendering: નમ્ર થાઓ
Transliteration: namra thāo
Doctrine: Grace and Humility
Original: ταπεινόω / ὑψόω
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:10, ταπεινόω/ὑψόω. Distinguish biblical humility (a relational posture met by God’s gracious exalting act) from ascetic self-abasement practiced as a self-directed, karma-shedding technique (a recognizable Jain devotional-ascetic pattern). God, not the practitioner, performs the exalting.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: દુષ્ટ ઇચ્છા
Transliteration: duṣṭ icchā
Doctrine: Sin and Temptation
Rejected alternatives: વાસના
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 1:14-15, 4:1-3, ἐπιθυμία. Avoid વાસના, the precise Hindu/Jain technical term for latent karmic desire-impressions carried across past lives - an impersonal, self-perpetuating mechanism, entirely different from James’s picture of personal moral choice before a personal judging God.
Patience Longsuffering
Approved rendering: સહનશીલતા
Transliteration: sahanśīltā
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:7-8, 10, μακροθυμία. Anchor term; vulnerable to collapsing into fatalistic, karma-cycle patience of ‘awaiting one’s turn’ through repeated rebirths, or ascetic patience cultivated as self-generated virtue. Keep distinct from ὑπομονή/ધીરજ (see steadfastness_endurance).
Sick
Approved rendering: માંદો
Transliteration: māndo
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἀσθενέω
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14, ἀσθενέω. Anchor term. Popular Hindu/Jain belief frames illness as impersonal karmic desert requiring ascetic remedy; James presents illness as a matter for immediate communal prayer to a personal, gracious God - a fundamentally different causal and relational framework.
Prayer Of Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસની પ્રાર્થના
Transliteration: viśvāsnī prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:15, εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως. Ties healing efficacy to the curriculum’s central faith-vocabulary (વિશ્વાસ): efficacy is located in trust directed to God, never in ritual technique, accumulated merit, or the oil itself.
Raise Up Sickness
Approved rendering: ઊઠાવશે
Transliteration: ūṭhāvśe
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: પુનરુત્થાન-family vocabulary (forbidden here)
Original: ἐγείρω
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:15, ἐγείρω. ἐγείρω is also the primary NT verb for Christ’s bodily resurrection (baseline Critical resurrection_of_christ doctrine). Mandatory disambiguation note required so readers do not over-read a resurrection claim into a sickbed-recovery passage.
Confess
Approved rendering: કબૂલ કરવું
Transliteration: kabūl karavũ
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἐξομολογέομαι
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:16, ἐξομολογέομαι. Anchor term. Two distinct risks: (1) assimilation to a hierarchical, priest-mediated sacramental confession model (not James’s mutual ‘one another’ picture); (2) assimilation to Jain pratikramaṇa (a formal, liturgically fixed, self-administered karma-halting recitation). James’s confession is relational and communal, aimed at mutual healing through prayer.
Soul Psyche
Approved rendering: આત્મા
Transliteration: ātmā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ψυχή
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20, ψυχή. Same collision profile as πνεῦμα at James 2:26: આત્મા/જીવ are the standard Gujarati words for the transmigrating soul-substance central to Hindu and Jain metaphysics. Here ψυχή simply means ‘the person’, a single life decisively rescued by grace, not an eternally-existing substance cycling toward self-liberation. Mandatory translator note required.
Hearer Of The Word
Approved rendering: વચનના સાંભળનાર
Transliteration: vachanana sāṅbhaḷnār
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: ἀκροατής λόγου
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:22-25, ἀκροατής λόγου. Must be rendered with vocabulary consistent with chapter 2’s ἔργα/કામો discussion, so learners recognize the ‘doer’ pairing as the seed of the core passage’s doctrine.
Doer Of The Word
Approved rendering: વચનના કરનાર
Transliteration: vachanana karnār
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: ποιητής λόγου
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:22-25, ποιητής λόγου. Doing the word is the observable fruit of truly hearing/receiving it, not a separate meritorious achievement alongside hearing; pairs consistently with hearer_of_the_word.
Liberty Freedom
Approved rendering: સ્વતંત્રતા
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Rejected alternatives: મુક્તિ
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:25, 2:12, ἐλευθερία. Must NEVER use મુક્તિ, already forbidden for σωτηρία because it denotes Hindu liberation from the rebirth cycle. ‘The law that gives liberty’ could otherwise be misread as ‘the discipline that leads to moksha’.
If The Lord Wills
Approved rendering: જો પ્રભુની ઇચ્છા હોય તો
Transliteration: jo Prabhunī icchā hoy to
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Will
Original: Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ
Category: Providence
James 4:15, Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ. Directly echoes and reinforces the Romans baseline’s providence doctrine - a personal, purposive divine will governing the future, not impersonal fate or the self-executing law of karma.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: શાંતિ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 2:16 uses this word as an idiomatic farewell (‘go in peace’ = શાંતિથી જાઓ), NOT the doctrinal peace-with-God sense; James 3:18 uses it in an ethical/relational peace-making sense. Both are legitimate nuances of the same Gujarati word - context, not vocabulary substitution, carries the distinction; a footnote at 2:16 is advisable so it is not over-read doctrinally.
Church
Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 2:2 uses συναγωγή (‘assembly’, rendered સભા, a new James-specific term - see assembly_synagoge) rather than ἐκκλησία; a note should clarify સભા names the same referent as મંડળી, reflecting James’s Jewish-Christian audience and setting, not a different institution.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Rājya
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વરનું રાષ્ટ્ર
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). James 2:5 speaks of ‘heirs of the kingdom’ (a related but distinct term, see new entry ‘kingdom’, રાજ્ય) promised to those who love God regardless of earthly poverty.
Intercession
Approved rendering: મધ્યસ્થતા
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Names specifically prayer ON BEHALF OF OTHERS. James 5:13-18 additionally requires a broader general-petition term not supplied by the baseline - see new entry ‘pray’ (પ્રાર્થના કરવી).
Dead Faith
Approved rendering: મરેલું
Transliteration: marelũ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: νεκρός
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:17, 2:26, νεκρός. Must be read as ‘not alive/not real’ rather than a soul temporarily ‘deadened’ that could revive itself through further self-effort - a subtly karma-compatible misreading.
Useless Barren
Approved rendering: નિરુપયોગી
Transliteration: nirupayogī
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ἀργός
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:20, ἀργός. Distinct nuance from મરેલું (‘dead’); retain a separate word where the source text distinguishes the two related metaphors.
Father Ancestor
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: πατήρ
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:21, πατήρ used of ‘our forefather Abraham’, not God the Father. Uses the same Gujarati word as the Critical baseline term પિતા for God the Father; a footnote at first occurrence is required.
Offered Up
Approved rendering: ચઢાવ્યો
Transliteration: caḍhāvyo
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ἀναφέρω
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:21, ἀναφέρω. Guard against surface resonance with Hindu/Jain ritual offering vocabulary (bhog, arti); the story’s gravity (Abraham prepared to sacrifice his own son) must not be softened.
Altar
Approved rendering: વેદી
Transliteration: vedī
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:21, θυσιαστήριον. વેદી is also the standard word for a Vedic sacrificial platform (yajna-vedi); a note distinguishing OT sacrificial-altar typology (pointing to Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice) from ongoing Vedic yajna ritual is appropriate.
Demons
Approved rendering: દુષ્ટાત્માઓ
Transliteration: duṣṭātmāo
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:19, δαιμόνια. Distinguish from Gujarat folk-religious bhut-pret (ghosts/local malevolent spirits) and Jain vyantara nature-spirits, which are impersonal or morally ambiguous rather than the NT’s specifically fallen, God-opposing beings.
Prostitute
Approved rendering: ગણિકા
Transliteration: gaṇikā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: πόρνη
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:25, πόρνη. Must not be euphemized or softened - James deliberately pairs the patriarch Abraham with a Gentile prostitute to make a pointed universal-scope-of-the-gospel argument.
Messengers Human
Approved rendering: દૂતો
Transliteration: dūto
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: દેવદૂતો
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:25, ἄγγελος in its human-envoy sense (Joshua’s spies), not heavenly angels. Never દેવદૂતો here, to avoid an unintended miraculous reading of the Joshua narrative.
Proven Genuineness
Approved rendering: પ્રમાણિતતા
Transliteration: pramāṇitā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον / δόκιμος
Category: Trials and the Testing of Faith
James 1:3, δοκίμιον/δόκιμος, the refining-fire testing metaphor (cf. 1 Peter 1:7). Avoid language suggesting the trial purifies a soul’s own inherent impurity through ascetic merit (Jain tapa resonance); the testing reveals and strengthens a faith already given.
Earthly
Approved rendering: પૃથ્વી પરની
Transliteration: pṛthvī parnī
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: સાંસારિક
Original: ἐπίγειος
Category: Wisdom from Above
James 3:15, ἐπίγειος. Avoid સાંસારિક, which shares the સંસાર root Critical-flagged for κόσμος; using it here would re-import the rebirth-cycle association this curriculum must avoid.
Natural Soulish
Approved rendering: શારીરિક
Transliteration: śārīrik
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Wisdom from Above
James 3:15, ψυχικός. Merely human insight without the Spirit, not God-given but also not demon-inspired; care needed not to collapse into the next category (demonic) or into a purely bodily/materialistic sense.
Demonic
Approved rendering: શેતાની
Transliteration: śetānī
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: δαιμονιώδης
Category: Wisdom from Above
James 3:15, δαιμονιώδης. Consistent with δαιμόνια (2:19); distinguish from Gujarat folk bhut-pret categories.
Double Minded
Approved rendering: બે મનનો
Transliteration: be manno
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: δίψυχος
Category: Faith and Works
James 1:8, 4:8, δίψυχος (lit. ‘two-souled’). Describes wavering, unstable trust - the opposite of the single-hearted trust James commends.
Assembly Synagoge
Approved rendering: સભા
Transliteration: sabhā
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:2, συναγωγή. Distinct from baseline’s મંડળી (church/ekklesia); a note should clarify this describes the same referent, reflecting James’s Jewish-Christian audience and setting.
Judge Krites
Approved rendering: ન્યાયાધીશ
Transliteration: nyāyādhīś
Doctrine: Mercy and Impartial Judgment
James 2:4, 5:9, κριτής. Shares the ન્યાય root with baseline righteousness/justification vocabulary, reinforcing the conceptual link across the curriculum.
Judgment Krisis
Approved rendering: ન્યાય
Transliteration: nyāy
Doctrine: Mercy and Impartial Judgment
Original: κρίσις
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:4, 2:13, κρίσις. Standard ન્યાય-root term.
Kingdom
Approved rendering: રાજ્ય
Transliteration: rājya
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:5, βασιλεία, ‘heirs of the kingdom’. Follows the baseline kingdom_of_god pattern; God’s sovereign reign, not a territorial or political kingdom.
Mercy
Approved rendering: દયા
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy and Impartial Judgment
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:13, ἔλεος. દયા/karuna is also a self-generated, merit-accumulating virtue in Hindu bhakti and Jain ahimsa-ethics. James’s mercy is relational and reciprocal - received from God and therefore extended to others - not self-generated merit-practice.
Royal Law
Approved rendering: રાજમાન્ય નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: rājmānya niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Mercy and Impartial Judgment
Original: νόμος βασιλικός
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:8, νόμος βασιλικός, ‘love your neighbor as yourself’. Built on baseline નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (never ધર્મ); emphasizes supreme, all-governing authority under Christ.
Lowly
Approved rendering: દીન
Transliteration: dīn
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: ταπεινός
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 1:9-11, ταπεινός. James’s social-status reversal directly challenges any hierarchy reading wealth as accumulated merit and poverty as past-life fault.
Rich
Approved rendering: ધનવાન
Transliteration: dhanvān
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 1:10-11, 5:1-6, πλούσιος. Must not be read as a sign of accumulated spiritual merit.
Poor
Approved rendering: ગરીબ
Transliteration: garīb
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: દરિદ્ર
Original: πτωχός
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 2:5, πτωχός. Must not be read as evidence of past-life karmic fault.
Bridle Control
Approved rendering: લગામ નાખવી
Transliteration: lagām nākhavī
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: χαλιναγωγέω
Category: Taming the Tongue
James 1:26, 3:2-3, χαλιναγωγέω. Standard metaphor; low collision risk.
Bless Curse
Approved rendering: આશીર્વાદ આપવો / શાપ આપવો
Transliteration: āśīrvād āpavo / śāp āpavo
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: εὐλογέω / καταράομαι
Category: Taming the Tongue
James 3:9-10, εὐλογέω / καταράομαι. James’s point is the INCONSISTENCY of speech, not a claim about a curse’s independent metaphysical potency (a live folk belief around evil-eye concerns in Gujarati culture); keep teaching focus on consistency, not curse-efficacy.
Teacher
Approved rendering: શિક્ષક
Transliteration: śikṣak
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Taming the Tongue
James 3:1, διδάσκαλος. Distinguish from the guru role common to Swaminarayan bhakti and Jain monastic tradition, where authority derives from personal spiritual attainment rather than an accountable teaching office.
Cleanse Hearts
Approved rendering: શુદ્ધ કરવું
Transliteration: śuddh karavũ
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἁγνίζω / καθαρίζω
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:8, ἁγνίζω/καθαρίζω. Reuses the baseline’s caution for ‘holy’ (પવિત્ર preferred over શુદ્ધ, since શુદ્ધ leans toward ritual/ascetic purity relevant to Jain purity practices). This cleansing is repentance before God, not ritual or ascetic self-purification.
Lawgiver
Approved rendering: નિયમદાતા
Transliteration: niyamdātā
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: νομοθέτης
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:12, νομοθέτης. Reinforces God’s sole authority to prescribe binding moral law, in implicit contrast to any human guru or Tirthankara claiming comparable authority.
The Lords Purpose
Approved rendering: પ્રભુનો હેતુ
Transliteration: Prabhuno hetu
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: τέλος κυρίου
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:11, τέλος κυρίου, referring to the Lord’s compassionate, restorative purpose in Job’s story. Keep distinct from the τέλειος-family ‘completeness/maturity’ vocabulary despite the shared root; must not be read as a fixed, impersonal ‘end’ reached mechanically, as in fatalistic thinking.
Compassionate
Approved rendering: કૃપાળુ
Transliteration: kṛpāḷu
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: οἰκτίρμων
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:11, οἰκτίρμων. Built directly on the Critical baseline root કૃપા (grace); recognize as a positive restatement of that Critical doctrine, not a separate concern.
Swear Oath
Approved rendering: સમ ખાવા
Transliteration: sam khāvā
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: ὄμνυμι
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:12, ὄμνυμι. Contrasts with the elaborate Jain vrata vow-system (Anuvrata/Mahāvrata) where vow-taking marks spiritual advancement; James calls for simple, consistent truthfulness instead.
Save Heal Physical
Approved rendering: સાજો કરશે
Transliteration: sājo karśe
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: σῴζω
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:15, σῴζω in its physical-healing sense - distinct from the ઉદ્ધાર-rooted eternal-salvation sense at James 2:14. Mandatory disambiguation note explaining the shared Greek root prevents conflating physical recovery with eternal salvation.
Elders Church Office
Approved rendering: વડીલો
Transliteration: vaḍīlo
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14, πρεσβύτεροι. વડીલો is also the ordinary Gujarati word for family/community elders generally; a disambiguating note is needed to clarify this names a recognized church leadership office, not merely respected age.
Pray
Approved rendering: પ્રાર્થના કરવી
Transliteration: prārthanā karavī
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: προσεύχομαι / εὔχομαι
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:13-18, προσεύχομαι/εὔχομαι. New basic prayer term for this curriculum (the baseline names only the narrower ‘intercession’, મધ્યસ્થતા); distinguish general prayer to the one personal God from puja or ritual worship offered before an image or shrine.
Forgiven Sins
Approved rendering: માફ કરાશે
Transliteration: māf karāśe
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:15, ἀφίημι. The baseline’s rejection of માફી મળવી is scoped specifically to δικαίωσις/justification; that caution does NOT extend to this ordinary-forgiveness context, where માફ કરાશે/માફી is acceptable.
Turn Back Restore
Approved rendering: પાછો લાવવો
Transliteration: pāchho lāvavo
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἐπιστρέφω
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:19-20, ἐπιστρέφω. Restoration-of-the-wanderer language, closing the letter on the same practical, communal-care note it opened with (orphans/widows, ch.1).
Implanted Word
Approved rendering: રોપાયેલું વચન
Transliteration: ropāyelũ vachan
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: λόγος ἔμφυτος
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:21, λόγος ἔμφυτος. Must be distinguished from the Hindu/Jain concept of the ātman as an inherently divine spark already present within every soul awaiting self-realization; this is God’s EXTERNAL revelation graciously received, not a pre-existing innate nature uncovered.
Word Of Truth
Approved rendering: સત્યનું વચન
Transliteration: satyanũ vachan
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: λόγος ἀληθείας
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:18, λόγος ἀληθείας. Closely related to, though broader than, the baseline’s ‘gospel’ (સુવાર્તા); a brief cross-reference is appropriate.
Religion General
Approved rendering: ધર્માચરણ
Transliteration: dharmācaraṇ
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: θρησκεία
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:26-27, θρησκεία. SCOPE-LIMITED: ધર્મ/ધર્માચરણ may be used ONLY for θρησκεία in this general ‘religious observance’ sense and must NEVER be used for νόμος (law) or δικαιοσύνη (righteousness), per the baseline’s existing prohibition on ધર્મ in those contexts.
Father Of Lights
Approved rendering: જ્યોતિઓના પિતા
Transliteration: jyotio nā Pitā
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Will
Original: πατὴρ τῶν φώτων
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:17, πατὴρ τῶν φώτων. Reuses the baseline’s caution about light-imagery merging with Hindu divine-radiance or Jain kevala-jñāna associations; emphasizes God’s unchanging generosity as personal Father, not an impersonal cosmic light-principle.
Orphan Widow
Approved rendering: અનાથ / વિધવા
Transliteration: anāth / vidhvā
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: ὀρφανός / χήρα
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
James 1:27, ὀρφανός / χήρα. Standard vocabulary; connects to practical care for the vulnerable as the visible mark of undefiled religion.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: જીવનનો મુગટ
Transliteration: jīvanno mugaṭ
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Trials and the Testing of Faith
James 1:12, στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς. Must not be read as a karmic reward mechanically issued in proportion to deeds; a gracious gift to those who love God and remain steadfast.
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ સાબાઓથ
Transliteration: Prabhu Sābāoth
Doctrine: Wealth Warning and Social Justice
Original: Κύριος Σαβαώθ
Category: Christology
James 5:4, Κύριος Σαβαώθ. Retain the transliteration ‘Sabaoth’ alongside translated પ્રભુ, following the established ‘Abba alongside Father’ precedent. Brief explanatory note needed since this title is new to the curriculum.
Spiritual Adultery
Approved rendering: વ્યભિચારી
Transliteration: vyabhichārī
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: μοιχαλίς
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:4, μοιχαλίς. OT prophetic marriage-covenant metaphor; requires OT background explanation, paralleling the baseline’s note on the Davidic covenant, since no structural parallel exists in Hindu or Jain traditions.
Proud Humble
Approved rendering: અભિમાની / નમ્ર
Transliteration: abhimānī / namra
Doctrine: Grace and Humility
Original: ὑπερήφανος / ταπεινός
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:6 (quoting Proverbs 3:34), ὑπερήφανος/ταπεινός. Directly links to the Critical baseline root કૃપા: grace is given to the humble, never wages paid to the proud/self-sufficient.
Righteous Person
Approved rendering: ન્યાયી
Transliteration: nyāyī
Doctrine: Wealth Warning and Social Justice
Original: δίκαιος
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:6, δίκαιος. Shares the baseline ન્યાય-root; standard usage.
Covers Multitude Of Sins
Approved rendering: પાપોના સમૂહને ઢાંકે છે
Transliteration: pāponā samūhne ḍhāṅke che
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20, καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. Echoes OT sacrificial ‘covering’ (atonement) imagery; connect pedagogically to the fuller atonement/propitiation doctrine flagged Critical in the parent Romans curriculum (Romans 3:25).
Low Risk Terms
Show Demonstrate
Approved rendering: બતાવવું
Transliteration: batāvavũ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: δείκνυμι
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:18, δείκνυμι. Doctrinally load-bearing framing verb: works do not produce justification, they display it. Teach consistently in this ‘showing/demonstrating’ frame, never a ‘causing/earning’ frame.
Abraham
Approved rendering: ઇબ્રાહીમ
Transliteration: Ibrāhīm
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:21-23. Established transliteration standard, matching the source-language proper-name convention already fixed for Bible translation.
Rahab
Approved rendering: રહાબ
Transliteration: Rahāb
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: Ῥαάβ
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:25. Proper name; needs a brief OT narrative note (Joshua 2) given the assumed low OT literacy of the audience.
Body Soma
Approved rendering: શરીર
Transliteration: śarīr
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: σῶμα
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:16, 2:26, σῶμα. Standard term, no doctrinal collision.
Ask
Approved rendering: માગવું
Transliteration: māgavũ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: αἰτέω
Category: Wisdom from Above
James 1:5, αἰτέω. Reinforces that wisdom is requested, not self-achieved.
Servant Doulos
Approved rendering: દાસ
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:1, δοῦλος. James’s self-designation; standard Gujarati Christian usage, a title of honored submission to God, distinguished from social/caste slavery vocabulary.
Wars Conflicts
Approved rendering: લડાઈઓ
Transliteration: laḍāīo
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: πόλεμος / μάχη
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:1, πόλεμος/μάχη. Standard vocabulary, no collision.
Draw Near
Approved rendering: પાસે આવવું
Transliteration: pāse āvavũ
Doctrine: Spiritual Resistance to the Devil
Original: ἐγγίζω
Category: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:8, ἐγγίζω. Reciprocal, relational access to God; contrast with any framework where approach to the divine is mediated primarily through accumulated ritual merit.
Mist Vapor
Approved rendering: ધુમ્મસ
Transliteration: dhummas
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: ἀτμίς
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 4:14, ἀτμίς. A positive point of cultural convergence with the widespread emphasis on impermanence across Hindu and Jain thought; anchor the response in submission to a personal, providential God, not detached renunciation.
Wages Misthos
Approved rendering: મજૂરી
Transliteration: majūrī
Doctrine: Wealth Warning and Social Justice
Original: μισθός
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:4, μισθός. Social-justice term; standard vocabulary.
Elijah
Approved rendering: એલિયા
Transliteration: Eliyā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: Ἠλίας
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:17-18, Ἠλίας. OT prophet, model of the prayer of faith; needs a brief OT narrative background note given assumed low OT literacy.
Brothers Address
Approved rendering: ભાઈઓ
Transliteration: bhāīo
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
James, throughout (~15 occurrences), ἀδελφοί. James’s standard direct address to the whole believing community, inclusive of sisters; a community-wide address, not a gendered restriction.
Dispersion
Approved rendering: વિખેરાયેલા
Transliteration: vikherāyelā
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:1, διασπορά. Historical-geographic term (Jewish believers scattered outside Palestine); needs a brief historical note for readers unfamiliar with Jewish diaspora history.
Unstable
Approved rendering: અસ્થિર
Transliteration: asthir
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
James 1:8, ἀκατάστατος. Describes the double-minded person; no collision.
Blessed
Approved rendering: ધન્ય
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: નસીબદાર
James 1:12, μακάριος. Not ‘lucky’ (નસીબદાર), which the baseline already flags elsewhere as inappropriate for providence-adjacent concepts.
Mirror
Approved rendering: અરીસો
Transliteration: arīso
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
James 1:23-24, ἔσοπτρον. Illustrative metaphor only; no collision.
Jealousy Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: ઈર્ષા / સ્વાર્થ
Transliteration: īrṣā / svārth
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
James 3:14, 16, ζῆλος / ἐριθεία. Standard vocabulary; markers of earthly wisdom’s fruit.
Sincere Without Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: કપટ વિનાનું
Transliteration: kapaṭ vinānũ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
James 3:17, ἀνυπόκριτος. Describes wisdom from above; no collision.
Adultery Murder
Approved rendering: વ્યભિચાર / હત્યા
Transliteration: vyabhichār / hatyā
Doctrine: Mercy and Impartial Judgment
James 2:11, μοιχεύω / φονεύω. Illustrates the law’s unity: breaking any part breaks the whole; standard moral vocabulary.
Commandment
Approved rendering: આજ્ઞા
Transliteration: āgnā
Doctrine: Mercy and Impartial Judgment
James 2:11, ἐντολή. Standard term.
Enmity Envy
Approved rendering: શત્રુતા / અદેખાઈ
Transliteration: śatrutā / adekhāī
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
James 4:4-5, ἔχθρα / φθόνος. Standard vocabulary; no collision.
Store Up Treasure
Approved rendering: ભંડારવું
Transliteration: bhaṇḍārvũ
Doctrine: Wealth Warning and Social Justice
James 5:3, θησαυρίζω. Standard term.
Luxury Self Indulgence
Approved rendering: એશઆરામ / વિલાસ
Transliteration: eśārām / vilās
Doctrine: Wealth Warning and Social Justice
James 5:5, τρυφάω/σπαταλάω. Standard vocabulary.
Day Of Slaughter
Approved rendering: કતલનો દિવસ
Transliteration: katalno divas
Doctrine: Wealth Warning and Social Justice
James 5:5, σφαγή. Vivid judgment image; per the doctrinal-preservation rule this must not be softened.
Establish Hearts
Approved rendering: હૃદય સ્થિર કરવું
Transliteration: hṛday sthir karavũ
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:8, στηρίζω. Standard vocabulary.
Grumble
Approved rendering: કચકચ કરવી
Transliteration: kachkach karavī
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:9, στενάζω. Standard term.
Error Wandering
Approved rendering: ભૂલ / ભટકવું
Transliteration: bhūl / bhaṭakvũ
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20, πλάνη. Standard vocabulary.
Referenced passages