Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation (English–Koine Greek–Gujarati)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all 22 chapters of Revelation. It is organized in two parts:
- Part 1 — New terms introduced by Revelation (not present in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json), with full risk documentation. - Part 2 — Baseline terms reused from Romans, with a note on their specific occurrence/sense in Revelation.
All renderings in Part 1 must be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 translation begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. All Critical and High risk terms route to human theologian review; Medium routes to native speaker review; Low routes to automated review — consistent with doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions.
Part 1 — New Terms Introduced by Revelation
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Gujarati Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Revelation / Apocalypse (book title) | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | પ્રકટીકરણ | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1 | Public, historical unveiling, not esoteric gnosis reserved for a spiritual elite. |
| 2 | Testimony | μαρτυρία (martyria) | સાક્ષી | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 1, 6, 11, 12, 20 | Keep distinct from person-witness (μάρτυς). |
| 3 | Martyr / one who dies for testimony | (descriptive; no single Greek noun “martyr” in NT) | જેણે પોતાનું જીવન સાક્ષી માટે આપ્યું (descriptive phrase) | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 6, 12, 20 | Rejected: શહીદ (carries Islamic and modern political-nationalist martyrdom connotations). |
| 4 | Blood (of Christ/the Lamb) | αἷμα (haima) | લોહી | High | Worship of the Lamb; Judgment/Vindication | 1, 5, 7, 12, 19 | Once-for-all atoning sacrifice; not a repeatable propitiatory offering. |
| 5 | Priest(s) | ἱερεύς (hiereus) | યાજક | High | Universal Scope of the Gospel | 1, 5, 20 | All believers are priests regardless of caste; contrast hereditary Brahmin priesthood. |
| 6 | Keys of Death and Hades | κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου | મરણ અને હાદેસની ચાવીઓ | High | Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 20 | Christ’s ongoing sovereign authority, not a departed figure’s completed role. |
| 7 | Repent | μετανοέω (metanoeō) | પસ્તાવો કરવો | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2–3 | Genuine turning, not ritual expiation. |
| 8 | Works / deeds | ἔργα (erga) | કામો | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 2–3, 14, 20 | Fruit of faithfulness evaluated by Christ; never a karmic merit-ledger. |
| 9 | Morning Star (title of Christ) | ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | પ્રભાતનો તારો | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | 2, 22 | Distinguish from astrology (jyotish); this is a title of Christ. |
| 10 | Lukewarm | χλιαρός (chliaros) | નવશેકું | Low | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 3 | — |
| 11 | Throne | θρόνος (thronos) | સિંહાસન | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 4–5, 20–22 | Central recurring image of divine rule. |
| 12 | Elders (24) | πρεσβύτεροι (presbyteroi) | વડીલો | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5, 11, 19 | Reuses established church-leadership term. |
| 13 | Living creatures | ζῷα (zōa) | પ્રાણીઓ | High | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5, 6, 19 | Deliberately not જીવો — avoids collision with Jain jīva/ajīva metaphysics. |
| 14 | Worthy | ἄξιος (axios) | યોગ્ય | High | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5 | Christ’s worthiness is intrinsic, not earned merit (“yogyatā”). |
| 15 | To worship | προσκυνέω (proskyneō) | ઉપાસના કરવી | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5, 7, 9, 11, 13–14, 19, 22 | Must be rendered identically whether worship is true (God/Lamb) or false (dragon/Beast/idol/angel) to preserve the book’s worship-test structure. Rejected: પૂજા (Hindu image-ritual term), આરાધના (Jain ascetic-textual term). |
| 16 | Lamb | ἀρνίον (arnion) | હલવાન | High | Worship of the Lamb | 5–7, 12–15, 17, 19, 21–22 | Symbolic of a unique, historical, once-for-all sacrifice; not endorsement of ongoing ritual animal sacrifice. |
| 17 | Seal (noun/verb) | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω (sphragis / sphragizō) | મુદ્રા / મુદ્રા કરવી (મુહર મારવી) | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 5–8, 9 | Keep lexically distinct from χάραγμα (mark of the beast). |
| 18 | Hades | ᾅδης (hadēs) | હાદેસ | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 1, 6, 20 | Not a temporary Yama-loka/intermediate abode; transliterated to avoid conflation. |
| 19 | Wrath | ὀργή (orgē) | કોપ | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 6, 14, 16, 19 | Personal, righteous judicial anger, not impersonal karmic mechanism. |
| 20 | 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | ૧,૪૪,૦૦૦ | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 7, 14 | Symbolic completeness; footnote against literal-census misreading. |
| 21 | Trumpet | σάλπιγξ (salpinx) | રણશિંગડું | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 8–9, 11 | — |
| 22 | Abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος (abyssos) | અગાધ ખાડો | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9, 11, 20 | Rejected: પાતાળ (Puranic Naga-realm mythology). |
| 23 | Abaddon / Apollyon | Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων | અબદ્દોન / અપોલ્યોન | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 9 | Transliterated proper name with gloss “the Destroyer.” |
| 24 | Locust(s) (demonic) | ἀκρίς (akris) | તીડ | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 9 | Must be flagged symbolic/demonic, not literal pest. |
| 25 | Mystery of God | μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરનું ગુપ્ત રહસ્ય | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 10 | Previously hidden, now-unfolding redemptive plan, not esoteric gnosis. |
| 26 | Two witnesses | δύο μάρτυρες | બે સાક્ષીઓ | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 11 | — |
| 27 | Ark of the covenant | κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης | કરારકોશ | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 11 | Reuses baseline કરાર. |
| 28 | Woman clothed with the sun | γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον | સૂર્યવસ્ત્રધારી સ્ત્રી | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 12 | Represents covenant people, not a goddess-figure. |
| 29 | Dragon (Satan) | δράκων (drakōn) | ડ્રેગન | Critical | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12, 13, 16, 20 | Rejected: નાગ, સર્પ (Nag Panchami veneration; Jain Pārśvanātha serpent-hood iconography). |
| 30 | Satan | Σατανᾶς (Satanas) | શેતાન | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 2, 12, 20 | Distinguish from colloquial “mischievous” usage and from the many, repeatedly-defeated asuras/rakshasas of Hindu myth; Satan is singular and decisively, finally defeated. |
| 31 | Michael | Μιχαήλ (Michaēl) | મિખાયેલ | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 12 | Proper name. |
| 32 | To overcome / conquer | νικάω (nikaō) | જીતવું / વિજયી થવું | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2–3, 5, 12, 15, 17, 21 | Ground every occurrence in “the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony” (12:11) — direct lexical/conceptual collision with Jain Jina (self-attained conqueror of karma), the root of the name “Jain” itself. |
| 33 | Beast | θηρίον (thērion) | પશુ | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Sovereignty of God over History | 13, 16–17, 19–20 | Must always mark as the definite, singular apocalyptic figure, not a generic animal. |
| 34 | Mark (of the beast) | χάραγμα (charagma) | છાપ | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 14, 16, 19–20 | Kept lexically distinct from σφραγίς (God’s seal); resonates with (but must be distinguished from) sectarian forehead tilak-marking. |
| 35 | Number of the beast (666) | ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου | પશુનો આંક | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 13 | Avoid numerological speculation beyond text’s own symbolism. |
| 36 | Image of the beast | εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου | પશુની મૂર્તિ | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 14, 15, 16, 19–20 | Here મૂર્તિ is doctrinally correct — this genuinely is an idol. |
| 37 | False prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης (pseudoprophētēs) | જૂઠો ભવિષ્યવક્તા | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 16, 19–20 | Reuses baseline ભવિષ્યવક્તા + જૂઠો. |
| 38 | Eternal gospel | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | સનાતન સુવાર્તા | High | Sovereignty of God over History; Universal Scope | 14 | Reuses baseline સુવાર્તા. |
| 39 | Winepress of God’s wrath | ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરના કોપનો દ્રાક્ષકુંડ | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 14 | Reuses કોપ. |
| 40 | Song of Moses and the Lamb | ᾆσμα Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου | મૂસાનું ગીત અને હલવાનનું ગીત | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 15 | Requires OT Exodus background. |
| 41 | Bowl | φιάλη (phialē) | પ્યાલો | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 15–16 | — |
| 42 | Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών (Harmagedōn) | હર-માગેદોન | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 16 | Avoid over-literalizing as a single predicted geopolitical site. |
| 43 | It is done | γέγονεν (gegonen) | “તે થઈ ગયું છે” / “પૂરું થયું” | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 16, 21 | Must render consistently between both occurrences. |
| 44 | Harlot (Babylon) | πόρνη (pornē) | ગણિકા | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Church as Bride of Christ (contrast) | 17, 19 | Structural literary opposite of the pure Bride; handle with pastoral care. |
| 45 | Babylon the Great | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | બાબિલોન (મોટું) | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 14, 16–18 | Symbolic name for the anti-God world-system, not merely the ancient city. |
| 46 | Merchants | ἔμποροι (emporoi) | વ્યાપારીઓ | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 18 | — |
| 47 | Marriage supper of the Lamb | δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου τοῦ ἀρνίου | હલવાનનું લગ્નજમણ | High | Church as Bride of Christ | 19 | Consummation of the Bride doctrine. |
| 48 | Hallelujah | Ἁλληλουϊά (Hallelouia) | હાલેલૂયાહ | Low | Worship of the Lamb | 19 | Established transliteration per system prompt. |
| 49 | Word of God (title) | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરનું શબ્દ (title: શબ્દ) | High | Return and Reign of Christ; Deity of Christ | 19 | Same Greek term underlying John 1:14 (baseline incarnation registry); connect explicitly to baseline incarnation. |
| 50 | Faithful and True | πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός | વિશ્વાસુ અને સાચો | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | 3, 19, 21–22 | Reuses baseline faith root. |
| 51 | Armies of heaven | στράτευμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | સ્વર્ગની સેનાઓ | Low | Return and Reign of Christ | 19 | — |
| 52 | Thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη | હજાર વર્ષ | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | 20 | Translate literally; remain neutral on millennial interpretive schemes. |
| 53 | First resurrection | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | પ્રથમ પુનરુત્થાન | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | 20 | Reuses baseline Critical પુનરુત્થાન; never પુનર્જન્મ. |
| 54 | Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | ગોગ અને માગોગ | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 20 | Transliterated proper names. |
| 55 | Great white throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | મોટું શ્વેત સિંહાસન | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 20 | — |
| 56 | Book of Life / the books | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς / βιβλία | જીવનનું પુસ્તક / પુસ્તકો | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 3, 13, 17, 20–21 | Sovereign divine record, not a karmic merit-ledger. |
| 57 | Judge / judgment | κρίνω / κρίσις (krinō / krisis) | ન્યાય કરવો / ન્યાયચુકાદો | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 6, 14, 16, 18–20 | Personal forensic judgment by God, not impersonal karmic cause-and-effect; reuses baseline ન્યાયી root. |
| 58 | New (qualitatively) | καινός (kainos) | નવું | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Once-for-all new creation, not a recurring cosmic-age cycle. |
| 59 | Holy city, New Jerusalem | ἡ πόλις ἡ ἁγία, Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | પવિત્ર નગર, નવું યરૂશાલેમ | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Requires OT covenant background bridging. |
| 60 | Descend | καταβαίνω (katabainō) | ઊતરવું | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 3, 21 | Reverses ascent-to-liberation logic of moksha/siddha-loka frameworks. |
| 61 | Bride | νύμφη (nymphē) | કન્યા | High | Church as Bride of Christ | 19, 21–22 | Resonates with (and risks importing) Vaishnav bhakti bridal-mysticism (Radha/Meera); must stay corporate, not individual-erotic. |
| 62 | Dwell / tabernacle | σκηνή / σκηνόω (skēnē / skēnoō) | નિવાસ / નિવાસ કરવો | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Same root as John 1:14 “tabernacled among us”; link explicitly to baseline incarnation doctrine. |
| 63 | Wipe away (tears) | ἐξαλείφω (exaleiphō) | લૂછી નાખવું | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 7, 21 | Personal divine act, not self-achieved cessation of desire. |
| 64 | Death (eschatological) | θάνατος (thanatos) | મરણ | High | The New Heaven and New Earth; Return and Reign of Christ | throughout, esp. 20–21 | Permanent, once-for-all end of death, not one turn of samsara. |
| 65 | Pain / distress | πόνος (ponos) | દુઃખ | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Contrast with dukkha as self-transcended suffering in Buddhist/Jain thought; here removed entirely by God’s own act. |
| 66 | Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ | અલ્ફા અને ઓમેગા (+ gloss પ્રથમ અને છેલ્લો) | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 21–22 | Requires explanatory gloss; Gujarati script has no first/last-letter equivalent idiom. |
| 67 | Spring / fountain (of life) | πηγή (pēgē) | ઝરો | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Contrast with sacred-river pilgrimage/bathing traditions (e.g. Narmada). |
| 68 | Water of life | ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς | જીવનનું પાણી | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21–22 | Same collision as spring; freely given, not ritually obtained. |
| 69 | Freely / as a gift | δωρεάν (dōrean) | વિનામૂલ્યે | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21–22 | Same semantic family as χάρις; must preserve grace-not-merit contrast absolutely. |
| 70 | Inherit | κληρονομέω (klēronomeō) | વારસો પામવો | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Reuses baseline adoption doctrine (દત્તકપણું) framework. |
| 71 | Cowardly | δειλός (deilos) | ડરપોક | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 21 | — |
| 72 | Detestable | ἐβδελυγμένος (ebdelygmenos) | ધિક્કારપાત્ર | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 21 | — |
| 73 | Murderer | φονεύς (phoneus) | હત્યારો | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 21 | — |
| 74 | Sexually immoral | πόρνος (pornos) | વ્યભિચારી | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 21 | — |
| 75 | Sorcerer | φαρμακός (pharmakos) | જાદુગર | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9, 21–22 | Distinguish from culturally respected astrologer (jyotishi) role; contrast baseline prophet note. |
| 76 | Idolater | εἰδωλολάτρης (eidōlolatrēs) | મૂર્તિપૂજક | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 21–22 | Direct confrontation with mūrti-pūjā, a central honored practice; do not soften. |
| 77 | Liar | ψευδής (pseudēs) | જૂઠાબોલો | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 21 | — |
| 78 | Lake of fire (and sulfur) | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου) | અગ્નિ(અને ગંધકનું) સરોવર | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 19–21 | Final and eternal, not a temporary naraka realm. |
| 79 | Second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | બીજું મરણ | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 2, 20–21 | Singular terminal judicial state, not a station within a rebirth cycle. |
| 80 | Foundation | θεμέλιος (themelios) | પાયો | Low | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — |
| 81 | Gate | πυλών (pylōn) | દરવાજો | Low | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — |
| 82 | Wall | τεῖχος (teichos) | કોટ | Low | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — |
| 83 | Temple / sanctuary | ναός (naos) | મંદિર | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth | 3, 7, 11, 14–16, 21 | Shared word with Hindu sacred structures; text’s own point is the absence of any such building in the New Jerusalem — mandatory translator note required. |
| 84 | Lamp | λύχνος (lychnos) | દીવો | High | The New Heaven and New Earth; Worship of the Lamb | 21–22 | Culturally resonant (Diwali/ārtī lamp imagery) — bridge and risk simultaneously; Lamb is self-radiant source, not a lit devotional object. |
| 85 | Nations (inclusive sense) | ἔθνη (ethnē) | પ્રજાઓ | Medium | Universal Scope of the Gospel | 21 | Distinct from baseline’s Jew/Gentile contrastive sense. |
| 86 | Unclean | κοινός / ἀκάθαρτος | અશુદ્ધ | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | Moral-spiritual exclusion via the Book of Life, not ritual purity codes. |
| 87 | River of the water of life | ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς | જીવનની નદી | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22 | Same sacred-river collision as πηγή/ὕδωρ above. |
| 88 | Tree of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | જીવનનું વૃક્ષ | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22 | Contrast sacred-tree veneration and kalpavṛkṣa mythology; requires Genesis/Eden background. |
| 89 | Curse | κατάρα (katara) | શાપ | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22 | Undoing of the Genesis curse; requires OT background. |
| 90 | Reign (forever) | βασιλεύω (basileuō) | રાજ કરવો | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | 20, 22 | Reuses kingdom_of_god root. |
| 91 | I am coming soon/quickly | ἔρχομαι ταχύ (erchomai tachy) | “હું વહેલો આવીશ” | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | 22 (also 1–3) | Certain, personal, imminent return of the living Lord — contrast open-ended avatāra cycle and the closed, completed Jain Tīrthankara lineage. |
| 92 | Prophecy (of this book) | προφητεία τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου | ભવિષ્યવાણી (reuse) | High | Inspiration of Scripture (baseline-adjacent) | 22 | Textual-integrity warning against addition/removal; connects to scriptural-authority contrast with śruti/smṛti/Āgama traditions. |
Part 2 — Baseline Terms Reused from Romans (No Change to Rendering)
The following baseline terms recur across Revelation and must be reused exactly as recorded in translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Revelation-specific occurrence notes are given where the sense is distinctive.
| Term | Gujarati (baseline) | Risk (baseline) | Occurs in Revelation | Revelation-specific note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| god | પરમેશ્વર | Critical | throughout | ”who is and who was and who is to come” (1:4, 8); “Almighty” title paired (see New Term below). |
| jesus | ઈસુ | Critical | throughout | — |
| lord | પ્રભુ | Critical | 1:8; 4:8; 11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21 | ”King of kings and Lord of lords” (17:14; 19:16) intensifies but does not alter the baseline sense. |
| holy_spirit | પવિત્ર આત્મા | Critical | 1:4 (“seven Spirits”), 2–3 (refrain “what the Spirit says to the churches”), 14:13, 22:17 | See New Term “Seven Spirits” note below — sevenfold fullness, not plural spirit-beings. |
| holy | પવિત્ર | High | 3:7; 4:8 (“Holy, Holy, Holy”); 6:10; 11:2; 21:2, 10; 22:11, 19 | 4:8’s threefold repetition (“Holy, Holy, Holy”) is a direct echo of Isaiah 6:3 and must retain full doctrinal weight as Trinitarian doxology. |
| saints | પવિત્ર જનો | High | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7, 10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8 | ”The prayers of the saints” (5:8; 8:3-4) — see baseline intercession; “the blood of the saints” (17:6; 18:24) ties to Judgment/Vindication doctrine. |
| church | મંડળી | Medium | 1:4, 11, 20; 2–3 (seven churches); 22:16 | The seven churches are real, local congregations, addressed individually and corporately. |
| kingdom_of_god | પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય | Medium | 1:6, 9; 11:15; 12:10 | 11:15’s “the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord” is the climactic Kingdom Mission statement of the book. |
| glory | મહિમા | High | throughout, esp. 4–5, 7, 19, 21 | 21:11, 23-24 intensifies risk — glory functions as the New Jerusalem’s literal light source (see New Term “Lamp” above). |
| grace | કૃપા | Critical | 1:4; 22:21 | Frames the entire book (opening greeting and closing benediction). |
| faith / faithful | વિશ્વાસ / વિશ્વાસુ | High | 2:10, 13, 19; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14; 19:11; 21:5 | ”Faithful and True” (19:11; cf. 3:14) is a title of Christ himself. |
| salvation | ઉદ્ધાર | Critical | 7:10; 12:10; 19:1 | ”Salvation belongs to our God” (7:10; 19:1) — climactic worship confession. |
| resurrection | પુનરુત્થાન | Critical | 20:5-6 (“the first resurrection”) | Never પુનર્જન્મ. |
| sin | પાપ | High | 1:5; 18:4-5 | Babylon’s sins are “piled up to heaven” (18:5) — personal, morally accountable transgression, not impersonal karmic residue. |
| covenant | કરાર | High | 11:19 (ark of the covenant) | Requires OT background. |
| election / chosen | પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી | High | 17:14 (“called, chosen, and faithful”) | Reuses baseline election framework. |
| providence | પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન | High | 4:11; 11:17-18 | God’s purposive governance over the unfolding of history — central to Sovereignty of God over History doctrine. |
| gentiles / nations (contrastive sense) | અન્ય પ્રજાઓ | Medium | 11:2, 18; 12:5; 14:8; 15:4; 18:3, 23; 19:15; 20:3, 8 | Contrast with New Term #85 above (21:24, 26’s inclusive sense). |
| david | દાઉદ | Medium | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 | ”Root and offspring of David” (22:16) — reuses Davidic Covenant doctrine framework. |
| israel | ઇઝરાયલ | Medium | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 | Twelve tribes of Israel named on the gates of the New Jerusalem (21:12). |
| apostle | પ્રેરિત | Medium | 2:2; 18:20; 21:14 | Twelve apostles’ names on the city’s foundations (21:14). |
| prophet / prophecy | ભવિષ્યવક્તા / ભવિષ્યવાણી | Low/High | throughout (esp. 1:3; 10:7, 11; 11:3, 10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 19:10; 22:6-19) | The book’s self-designation as “prophecy” (1:3; 22:7, 10, 18-19) carries the full weight of baseline’s Inspiration/Fulfillment-of-Prophecy doctrines. |
| amen | આમીન | Low | 1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 | Established transliteration per system prompt. |
| hallelujah | હાલેલૂયાહ | Low | 19:1, 3-4, 6 | Established transliteration per system prompt. |
| sanctification / holiness | પવિત્રીકરણ | High | 22:11 (“let the holy still be holy”) | Spirit-worked holiness, not ascetic self-purification. |
| law | નિયમશાસ્ત્ર | High | 22:18-19 (implicit — textual-integrity principle parallels Deuteronomic covenant-law warnings) | Contextual/typological reuse rather than a direct occurrence of νόμος. |
Risk Summary (Part 1 New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 41 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 28 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 14 | Automated review |
| Total new terms | 92 | — |
Combined with the 24 baseline terms reused (Part 2), this glossary provides full-book term coverage for Phase 2 segment translation of Revelation 1–22, anchored on the core passage of Revelation 21:1–8.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Deity and Eternality of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Revelation occurrence: ‘who is and who was and who is to come’ (1:4, 8); ‘Almighty’ title paired throughout. Never ભગવાન.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Used throughout Revelation.
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Revelation intensifies with ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (17:14; 19:16); intensification reinforces, does not alter, baseline sense.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: The Person and Work of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). The ‘seven Spirits before the throne’ (1:4) is the one Spirit’s sevenfold fullness of ministry to the seven churches, never seven distinct spirit-beings; this is a teaching-note distinction, not a lexical variant.
Glory
Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity and Eternality of Christ / The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; risk intensified for Revelation because glory functions as the New Jerusalem’s literal light source (21:23) — requires explicit doctrinal framing against Hindu divine-light and Jain kevala-jñāna associations.
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace as the Ground of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Frames the entire book: opening greeting (1:4) and closing benediction (22:21).
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Climactic worship confession ‘Salvation belongs to our God’ (7:10; 19:1).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of the Dead
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Never પુનર્જન્મ. Governs ‘the first resurrection’ (20:5-6) and the general resurrection (20:12-13); distinct from Jain karma-particle transmigration.
Worship
Approved rendering: ઉપાસના કરવી
Transliteration: upāsanā karavī
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Idolatry and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: પૂજા, આરાધના
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
προσκυνέω renders both worship rightly given (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 19:4) and worship wrongly given (13:4,8,12; 14:9,11), and is explicitly forbidden toward an angel (19:10; 22:8-9). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at every occurrence to preserve the book’s worship-test structure. Rejected પૂજા (Hindu image-ritual worship) and આરાધના (Jain ascetic-textual term, e.g. Bhagavatī Ārādhanā).
Dragon
Approved rendering: ડ્રેગન
Transliteration: ḍregan
Doctrine: Defeat and Judgment of Satan / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: નાગ, સર્પ
Original: δράκων
Category: Cosmic Conflict
The dragon, identified as ‘the ancient serpent… Satan’ (12:9). Deliberately transliterated rather than translated: નાગ/સર્પ would collide with living devotional practice — Nag Panchami serpent-veneration and Jain Pārśvanātha serpent-hood iconography (protected by serpent-king Dharaṇendra).
Overcome
Approved rendering: જીતવું / વિજયી થવું
Transliteration: jītavũ / vijayī thavũ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: νικάω
Category: Perseverance
νικάω — the reward promised to overcomers throughout (chs. 2-3, 5, 12, 15, 17, 21). Every occurrence must be explicitly anchored to ‘the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony’ (12:11) — direct lexical/conceptual collision with the Jain Jina (‘Conqueror’), the ascetic self-conqueror of karma from whom the name ‘Jain’ derives; never left to imply self-attained spiritual conquest.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: પ્રથમ પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: prathama punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of the Dead
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
20:5-6. Reuses baseline Critical પુનરુત્થાન; never પુનર્જન્મ. A bodily, historical event, not a repeatable rebirth.
Judge Judgment
Approved rendering: ન્યાય કરવો / ન્યાયચુકાદો
Transliteration: nyāya karavo / nyāyachukādo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: કર્મફળ, કર્મનો નિયમ
Original: κρίνω / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
κρίνω/κρίσις — a personal, forensic, divine judgment by the One seated on the throne based on his own righteous verdict, not the impersonal, self-executing mechanism of karma. Reuses baseline ન્યાયી root. Absolute prohibition on any karma-root vocabulary here.
Freely Gift
Approved rendering: વિનામૂલ્યે
Transliteration: vinā mūlye
Doctrine: Grace as the Ground of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મફતમાં (acceptable informal variant, use વિનામૂલ્યે as primary)
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
δωρεάν (21:6; 22:17). Same semantic family as χάρις; must preserve the grace-not-merit contrast at the heart of baseline’s Critical grace entry — never implying the water of life is earned through bhakti devotional offering or Jain tapa/nirjara ascetic self-effort.
Idolater
Approved rendering: મૂર્તિપૂજક
Transliteration: mūrtipūjak
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Judgment
εἰδωλολάτρης (21:8; 22:15). Direct confrontation with mūrti-pūjā (image-worship), a central and honored devotional practice in Gujarat’s Hindu tradition and present in Jain derasar veneration. Per doctrinal preservation rules, must not be pastorally softened.
Temple Naos
Approved rendering: મંદિર
Transliteration: mandir
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Universal Priesthood of Believers
Rejected alternatives: દેરાસર
Original: ναός
Category: New Creation
ναός (3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2, 19; 14:15, 17; 15:5-8; 16:1, 17; 21:22). Same word Gujarati Hindus use for their own sacred image-housing structures. Revelation 21:22 makes the pointed claim of the New Jerusalem’s explicit ABSENCE of any such building — a mandatory translator note is required at every occurrence in chs. 21-22. Distinct from church (મંડળી, which never uses મંદિર); retained here only for the literal OT/Jerusalem temple referent and this absence claim.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: “હું વહેલો આવીશ”
Transliteration: “hũ vahelo āvīś”
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Return of Christ
ἔρχομαι ταχύ (3:11; 22:7, 12, 20). Fixed liturgical formula, must render identically at every occurrence. Conveys certain, personal, imminent return of the same living, presently reigning Lord — contrast the Vaishnav avatāra framework of repeated divine descents (esp. salient near Dwarka) and the closed, completed lineage of twenty-four Jain Tīrthankaras admitting no future savior-figure. Also guards against Kalki-avatāra syncretistic reading of the white-horse rider (19:11-16).
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). 4:8’s threefold ‘Holy, Holy, Holy’ (Trisagion) echoes Isaiah 6:3 and must retain full Trinitarian doctrinal weight; never compressed for readability.
Saints
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર જનો
Transliteration: pavitra jano
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: સંતો, મુનિ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). ‘Prayers of the saints’ (5:8; 8:3-4) and ‘blood of the saints’ (17:6; 18:24). Reject Catholic-edition સંતો (canonized/venerated sense) for this corporate designation.
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith / Perseverance and Faithful Witness
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Adjectival form ‘faithful’ (વિશ્વાસુ) is a title of Christ (3:14; 19:11, paired with true/સાચો).
Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Babylon’s sins ‘piled up to heaven’ (18:5) — personal, morally accountable transgression, never impersonal karmic residue.
Covenant
Approved rendering: કરાર
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: સમજૂતી
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). ‘Ark of the covenant’ seen in the heavenly temple (11:19).
Election
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī Pasandagī
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, નિયતિ, કર્મ-ફળ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). ‘Called, chosen, and faithful’ (17:14).
Providence
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Vidhān
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, કર્મનો નિયમ
Original: (cf. 4:11; 11:17-18)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). God’s purposive governance of history (4:11; 11:17-18) — central to Sovereignty of God over History; never કર્મનો નિયમ.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: પવિત્રીકરણ
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધિકરણ, તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Original: ἁγιασμός (cf. 22:11)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). ‘Let the holy still be holy’ (22:11) — Spirit-worked holiness, not ascetic self-purification.
Law
Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, શરિયત
Original: (typological reuse; cf. 22:18-19)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Contextual/typological reuse: the textual-integrity warning (22:18-19) parallels Deuteronomic covenant-law warnings rather than a direct νόμος occurrence.
Apocalypse Revelation
Approved rendering: પ્રકટીકરણ
Transliteration: prakaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation / Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Book title-word and established Gujarati Bible book name for Revelation. Public, historical unveiling, meant to be read aloud (1:3) — must not be assimilated to esoteric gnosis/secret initiatory knowledge (tantric Hindu, some Jain philosophical schools).
Martyr
Approved rendering: જેણે પોતાનું જીવન સાક્ષી માટે આપ્યું
Transliteration: n/a (descriptive phrase)
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: શહીદ
Original: (descriptive; no single NT noun ‘martyr’)
Category: Witness
No single NT Greek noun ‘martyr’. Rejected શહીદ, which carries Islamic and modern political-nationalist martyrdom connotations in contemporary Gujarati usage.
Blood Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: લોહી
Transliteration: lohī
Doctrine: The Atoning Sacrifice of the Lamb
Original: αἷμα (τοῦ ἀρνίου)
Category: Salvation
Christ’s atoning, once-for-all sacrificial death (1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11) — unrepeatable, distinct from any repeatable propitiatory blood-offering practiced in folk-Hindu/tribal contexts.
Priesthood Of Believers
Approved rendering: યાજક
Transliteration: yājak
Doctrine: Universal Priesthood of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ
Original: ἱερεύς / βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
All believers constituted priests (1:6; 5:10; 20:6) regardless of birth or caste — direct challenge to hereditary Brahmin priestly-caste structures in Gujarati Hindu society.
Keys Of Death And Hades
Approved rendering: મરણ અને હાદેસની ચાવીઓ
Transliteration: maraṇ ane hādesnī chāvīo
Doctrine: Deity and Eternality of Christ / Return and Reign of Christ
Original: αἱ κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου
Category: Christology
Christ’s sovereign, ongoing authority over death (1:18), reinforcing Critical baseline lordship_of_christ and resurrection entries; contrast a deity/liberated soul who has merely departed the world’s affairs.
Works Deeds
Approved rendering: કામો
Transliteration: kāmo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: કર્મફળ
Original: ἔργα
Category: Judgment
Observable fruits of faithfulness/unfaithfulness evaluated by the risen Christ (chs. 2-3; 14; 20). Never framed to resemble a karmic ledger; forbidden to use કર્મફળ.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: પ્રાણીઓ
Transliteration: prāṇīo
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: જીવો
Original: ζῷα
Category: Worship
The four living beings around God’s throne (chs. 4-5, 6, 19). Deliberately not જીવો — avoids collision with Jain jīva/ajīva metaphysical categories.
Worthy
Approved rendering: યોગ્ય
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
Christ’s worthiness to open the scroll (5:9-12) is intrinsic — his deity and finished redemptive work — never an earned ‘yogyatā’ attained through spiritual discipline or merit.
Lamb
Approved rendering: હલવાન
Transliteration: halvān
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / The Atoning Sacrifice of the Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
Established Gujarati Christian term; the book’s dominant title for Christ (28 occurrences). Symbolic of a unique, historical, once-for-all sacrifice liturgically worshipped, not endorsement of ongoing ritual animal sacrifice; sensitive to strict Jain ahimsa ethic if read literally rather than symbolically.
Seal
Approved rendering: મુદ્રા / મુદ્રા કરવી
Transliteration: mudrā / mudrā karavī
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Assurance
God’s protective mark of ownership on his servants (chs. 5-8, 9). Must be kept lexically distinct throughout from mark_of_the_beast (છાપ).
Hades
Approved rendering: હાદેસ
Transliteration: hādes
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: પાતાળ, યમલોક
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
Transliterated to avoid conflation with Yama-loka or the temporary Puranic netherworld/intermediate abode. Occurs 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14.
Wrath
Approved rendering: કોપ
Transliteration: kop
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Tribulation
Original: ὀργή
Category: Judgment
God’s/the Lamb’s personal, righteous, judicial anger against sin (6:16-17; 14:19; 16; 19) — never the impersonal, automatic operation of karmic cause-and-effect.
Abyss
Approved rendering: અગાધ ખાડો
Transliteration: agādh khāḍo
Doctrine: Defeat and Judgment of Satan
Rejected alternatives: પાતાળ
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
Bottomless pit, prison of demonic powers (chs. 9, 11, 20). Rejected પાતાળ, the standard term for the Puranic netherworld Patala, mythologically the domain of the Nagas.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: સૂર્યવસ્ત્રધારી સ્ત્રી
Transliteration: sūryavastradhārī strī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic figure representing the covenant people of God (12:1) — must not be read as goddess-imagery (Lakshmi/Durga-style celestial female iconography) or as Mary venerated independently.
Satan
Approved rendering: શેતાન
Transliteration: Śetān
Doctrine: Defeat and Judgment of Satan
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Cosmic Conflict
Singular, personal, cosmic adversary (chs. 2, 12, 20). Distinguish from colloquial ‘mischievous person’ usage and from the many, repeatedly-defeated asuras/rakshasas of Hindu myth; Satan is defeated decisively and finally (20:10).
Beast
Approved rendering: પશુ
Transliteration: paśu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment
The apocalyptic Beast (chs. 13, 16-17, 19-20). પશુ also means generic ‘animal’ and carries residual association with sacrificial animals (paśu-bali) in Vedic ritual; every occurrence must mark this as the definite, singular apocalyptic figure.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: છાપ
Transliteration: chāp
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
χάραγμα, the Beast’s mark of allegiance (chs. 13-14, 16, 19-20). Kept lexically distinct from seal (મુદ્રા). Resonates with, but must be distinguished from, the forehead tilak-mark of sectarian devotional allegiance.
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: પશુની મૂર્તિ
Transliteration: paśunī mūrti
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Judgment
Idol-image of the Beast set up to be worshipped (13:15, 14-16, 19-20). Here મૂર્તિ is doctrinally correct — this genuinely is an idol, distinct from cases where મૂર્તિ would wrongly label something non-idolatrous.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: સનાતન સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: sanātan suvārtā
Doctrine: Unity and Inclusion of the Nations
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Gospel
‘Eternal gospel’ proclaimed to every nation, tribe, language, and people (14:6). Reuses baseline સુવાર્તા; reinforces Universal Scope of the Gospel.
Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરના કોપનો દ્રાક્ષકુંડ
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnā kopno drākṣkuṇḍ
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Tribulation
Original: ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
14:19. Reuses કોપ (wrath); vivid judgment imagery requiring the same personal/relational, not karmic-mechanical, framing.
Harlot
Approved rendering: ગણિકા
Transliteration: gaṇikā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints / Church as Bride of Christ (structural contrast)
Rejected alternatives: દુષ્ટ સ્ત્રી
Original: πόρνη
Category: Judgment
The great harlot/prostitute representing Babylon (chs. 17, 19). Sensitive gendered imagery requiring careful, non-exploitative pastoral framing; structural literary opposite of the pure Bride — reject Common-Language softened substitute દુષ્ટ સ્ત્રી, which loses the deliberate Harlot/Bride antithesis.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: બાબિલોન (મોટું)
Transliteration: Bābilon (moṭũ)
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
Symbolic name for the anti-God world-system/empire across history (chs. 14, 16-18), not merely the ancient literal city — a structural background gap similar to baseline’s seed_of_david note.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: હલવાનનું લગ્નજમણ
Transliteration: halvānnũ lagnajamaṇ
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: τὸ δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
19:7-9. Consummation of the Church-as-Bride doctrine; ensure consistent terminology with bride (કન્યા).
Word Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું શબ્દ
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Śabda
Doctrine: Deity and Eternality of Christ / Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Title of the rider on the white horse (19:13) — same Greek λόγος underlying John 1:14’s incarnation doctrine (baseline: never અવતાર). Must be explicitly connected in teaching notes to baseline incarnation registry entry.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: જીવનનું પુસ્તક / પુસ્તકો
Transliteration: jīvannũ pustak / pustako
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς / τὰ βιβλία
Category: Judgment
God’s sovereign record of those redeemed through Christ (3:5; 13; 17; 20-21) — not an impersonal ledger of accumulated karmic deeds, a direct contrast to the karma-account framework widespread in Hindu and Jain thought.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: નવું
Transliteration: navũ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: New Creation
καινός — new in kind/quality, not merely new in time (contrast νέος). Once-for-all, linear new creation (21:1, 5), not one more turn of an existing cosmic cycle (Hindu kalpa / Jain beginningless-endless cosmic ages).
Descend
Approved rendering: ઊતરવું
Transliteration: ūtaravũ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καταβαίνω
Category: New Creation
καταβαίνω (3:12; 21:2, 10). Directly reverses the ascent logic of moksha/liberation common to Hindu and Jain soteriology (Jain siddha-loka is literally at the top of the universe); God’s dwelling comes DOWN to his people. This reversal must never be smoothed.
Bride
Approved rendering: કન્યા
Transliteration: kanyā
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
νύμφη (19:7-9; 21:2, 9; 22:17). Resonates with Gujarat’s Vaishnav bhakti bridal-mysticism (Meera, Radha-gopi poetry); requires corporate-Church framing to guard against individual erotic-mystical devotionalism.
Dwell Tabernacle
Approved rendering: નિવાસ / નિવાસ કરવો
Transliteration: nivās / nivās karavo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: New Creation
σκηνή/σκηνόω (21:3). Same root as John 1:14’s ‘the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us’; must be linked explicitly to baseline incarnation doctrine as its consummation, not a new, separate concept.
Wipe Away Tears
Approved rendering: લૂછી નાખવું
Transliteration: lūchī nākhvũ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἐξαλείφω
Category: New Creation
ἐξαλείφω (7:17; 21:4). God’s own personal, tender act — must not be flattened into a general statement that ‘sorrow will end’ without the personal Actor.
Death Eschatological
Approved rendering: મરણ
Transliteration: maraṇ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος
Category: New Creation
θάνατος, the last enemy, permanently abolished (21:4; ch. 20-21 throughout). Sharply distinguish from samsara, where death recurs endlessly until liberation is self-attained.
Pain Distress
Approved rendering: દુઃખ
Transliteration: duḥkh
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πόνος
Category: New Creation
πόνος (21:4). દુઃખ is the foundational category of ‘suffering inherent in existence’ in Jain (and Buddhist-influenced) thought, whose paths aim to transcend it through self-effort; here its removal is a future gift given entirely by God, not self-transcended.
Spring Fountain Of Life
Approved rendering: ઝરો
Transliteration: jharo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Grace as the Ground of Salvation
Original: πηγή
Category: New Creation
πηγή (21:6). Symbolic of freely-given eternal life in Christ, not a literal sacred-water site conferring merit through ritual access (cf. Narmada parikrama pilgrimage practice).
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: જીવનનું પાણી
Transliteration: jīvannũ pāṇī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Grace as the Ground of Salvation
Original: ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς
Category: New Creation
ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς (21:6; 22:1, 17). Same collision as spring_fountain_of_life; freely given, not ritually obtained.
Inherit
Approved rendering: વારસો પામવો
Transliteration: vārso pāmavo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
κληρονομέω (21:7). Reuses baseline adoption doctrine (દત્તકપણું) framework: full inheritance rights given by grace, not earned by merit.
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: જાદુગર
Transliteration: jādugar
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακός
Category: Judgment
φαρμακός (9; 21-22). Must be distinguished from the culturally respected astrologer/jyotishi role (cf. baseline prophet entry) and folk-religious practices sometimes treated as benign in Gujarati culture; names a practice under God’s decisive judgment.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: અગ્નિ અને ગંધકનું સરોવર
Transliteration: agni ane gandhaknũ sarovar
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: નરક
Original: ἡ λίμνη ἡ καιομένη πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ
Category: Judgment
λίμνη…πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ (19:20; 20; 21:8). Must be distinguished from the temporary hell-realms (naraka) of Hindu cosmology, exited through further rebirth; this judgment is final and unending — preserve ‘forever and ever’ (20:10) without softening toward a cyclical-hell or annihilationist reading.
Second Death
Approved rendering: બીજું મરણ
Transliteration: bījũ maraṇ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος (2:11; 20-21). A singular, terminal, judicial outcome, not a station en route to further rebirth within an ongoing samsaric death-rebirth cycle.
Lamp
Approved rendering: દીવો
Transliteration: dīvo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Worship of the Lamb
Original: λύχνος
Category: New Creation
λύχνος (21:23) — the Lamb himself is the city’s lamp/light-source. Culturally resonant with Diwali/ārtī lamp-lighting devotional imagery — a genuine bridge, but requires a directionality teaching note: the Lamb illuminates the city; the city does not illuminate (or light, as by a worshipper’s devotional offering) the Lamb.
River Of Life
Approved rendering: જીવનની નદી
Transliteration: jīvannī nadī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὁ ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: New Creation
ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς (22:1). Same collision as spring_fountain_of_life/water_of_life; must be distinguished from Gujarat’s ritual river-veneration and pilgrimage bathing traditions (e.g. Narmada).
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: જીવનનું વૃક્ષ
Transliteration: jīvannũ vṛkṣa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: New Creation
ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς (22:2, 14, 19). Requires OT (Genesis/Eden) background bridging; must be distinguished from sacred-tree veneration (peepal, banyan) and the kalpavṛkṣa (‘wish-fulfilling tree’) of Hindu/Jain mythology.
Prophecy Of This Book
Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવાણી
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Original: ἡ προφητεία τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου
Category: Scripture
ἡ προφητεία τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου (22:18-19), reusing baseline ભવિષ્યવાણી. The closing warning against textual addition/removal asserts a closed, fixed, divinely-authoritative text, distinct from śruti/smṛti and multiple Jain Āgama canons; frame non-dismissively but without ambiguity.
Almighty
Approved rendering: સર્વસમર્થ
Transliteration: sarvasamartha
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / Deity and Eternality of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સર્વશક્તિમાન
παντοκράτωρ (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 19:6; 21:22) — a new title not present in the Romans baseline TM, flagged as a glossary gap in analysis/05_translation_landscape.md. Existing Gujarati editions render as સર્વશક્તિમાન, built on the શક્તિ root already forbidden Critical in baseline’s power_of_god entry (Shakti/mother-goddess devotional tradition, e.g. Ambaji). This package coins સર્વસમર્થ instead, built on the baseline-approved સામર્થ્ય root, to keep the Almighty title lexically insulated from Shakti-devotion associations. Route as High risk pending human theologian confirmation before Phase 2 use; must not revert to સર્વશક્તિમાન.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People / Nature and Ministry of the Local Church
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). The seven churches (chs. 2-3) are real, local congregations. Note: મંદિર is retained elsewhere in this package ONLY for the literal ναός temple referent (see temple_naos), never for church.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission / Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વરનું રાષ્ટ્ર
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). 11:15’s ‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord’ is the climactic statement of this doctrine in Revelation.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: anya prajāo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: વિદેશીઓ
Original: ἔθνη (contrastive sense)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Contrastive sense (11:2, 18; 12:5; 14:8; etc.) distinct from the inclusive ‘nations’ sense in 21:24, 26 (see nations_inclusive).
David
Approved rendering: દાઉદ
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). ‘Key of David’ (3:7); ‘root and offspring of David’ (22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: ઇઝરાયલ
Transliteration: Izrāyal
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Twelve tribes named on the gates of the New Jerusalem (21:12).
Apostle
Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Twelve apostles named on the city’s foundations (21:14).
Testimony
Approved rendering: સાક્ષી
Transliteration: sākṣī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία
Category: Witness
The content of faithful proclamation, including proclamation that costs one’s life. Keep lexically distinct from the person-noun (martyr entry below).
Repent
Approved rendering: પસ્તાવો કરવો
Transliteration: pastāvo karavo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Sanctification
Genuine turning from sin toward God (chs. 2-3), not ritual expiation or formal penance.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: પ્રભાતનો તારો
Transliteration: prabhātno tāro
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Messianic title of Christ (2:28; 22:16). Must be taught as a title of Christ himself, not read through astrology (jyotish); cf. baseline prophet entry contrasting ભવિષ્યવક્તા with જ્યોતિષી.
Throne
Approved rendering: સિંહાસન
Transliteration: siṅhāsan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
Central recurring image of divine, personal, purposive governance (chs. 4-5, 20-22).
Elders
Approved rendering: વડીલો
Transliteration: vaḍīlo
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
The twenty-four elders (chs. 4-5, 11, 19), representing the redeemed community before God’s throne; reuses established church-leadership vocabulary.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: અબદ્દોન / અપોલ્યોન
Transliteration: Abaddon / Apolyon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Judgment
Angel-king of the abyss (9:11), meaning ‘Destroyer’. Transliterate both Hebrew and Greek forms with gloss વિનાશક.
Locusts
Approved rendering: તીડ
Transliteration: tīḍ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἀκρίς
Category: Judgment
Demonic locust-beings (ch. 9). Must be flagged symbolic/demonic, since તીડ ordinarily denotes the literal agricultural pest well known in Gujarat.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું ગુપ્ત રહસ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ gupt rahasya
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Sovereignty
God’s previously hidden, now-unfolding redemptive plan (10:7), not esoteric gnosis; every occurrence should pair with ‘now revealed’ framing.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: બે સાક્ષીઓ
Transliteration: be sākṣīo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Witness
Two prophetic witnesses who testify, die, and are raised (ch. 11) — narrative embodiment of Perseverance doctrine, and a preview of the general resurrection.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: કરારકોશ
Transliteration: karārkoś
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
Seen in the heavenly temple (11:19). Reuses baseline કરાર.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: પશુનો આંક
Transliteration: paśuno āṅk
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
666 (13:18). Avoid encouraging numerological speculation beyond the text’s own symbolic use, given Gujarat’s active vernacular ank-jyotish (name-number) culture.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: જૂઠો ભવિષ્યવક્તા
Transliteration: jūṭho bhaviṣyavaktā
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
The Beast’s ally who deceives with counterfeit signs (13, 16, 19-20). Reuses baseline ભવિષ્યવક્તા + જૂઠો.
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: મૂસાનું ગીત અને હલવાનનું ગીત
Transliteration: Mūsānũ gīt ane halvānnũ gīt
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα Μωϋσέως καὶ τὸ ᾆσμα τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
15:3. Ties OT Exodus deliverance typologically to the Lamb’s greater deliverance; requires OT background bridging. Reuses baseline મૂસા.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: “તે થઈ ગયું છે” / “પૂરું થયું”
Transliteration: “te thaī gayũ chhe” / “pūrũ thayũ”
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Γέγονεν
Category: Sovereignty
γέγονεν (16:17; 21:6). Must render identically at both occurrences per cross-document consistency rule — the deliberate literary bracket between judgment-completion and new-creation-completion depends on this.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસુ અને સાચો
Transliteration: viśvāsu ane sācho
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
Title of Christ (3:14; 19:11). Reuses baseline faith root plus true (સાચો, cf. 21:5).
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: હજાર વર્ષ
Transliteration: hazār varṣa
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
Ch. 20. Translate literally; must remain exegetically neutral on amillennial/premillennial/postmillennial interpretive schemes.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: મોટું શ્વેત સિંહાસન
Transliteration: moṭũ śvet siṅhāsan
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Judgment
God’s throne of final judgment of the dead (20:11).
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર નગર, નવું યરૂશાલેમ
Transliteration: pavitra nagar, navũ Yarūśālem
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ πόλις ἡ ἁγία, Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: New Creation
21:2, 9-10. Requires OT covenant background bridging; fulfills, not replaces, the promises to Israel.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: અલ્ફા અને ઓમેગા
Transliteration: Alfā ane Omegā
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / Deity and Eternality of Christ
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
1:8; 21:6; 22:13. Requires explanatory gloss (પ્રથમ અને છેલ્લો, ‘the First and the Last’); the Gujarati script tradition has no equivalent first/last-letter idiom.
Cowardly
Approved rendering: ડરપોક
Transliteration: ḍarpok
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλός
Category: Judgment
δειλός (21:8). Direct contrast to the Perseverance doctrine — abandoning faithful witness under persecution.
Sexually Immoral
Approved rendering: વ્યભિચારી
Transliteration: vyabhichārī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: πόρνος
Category: Judgment
πόρνος (21:8). Standard moral category.
Nations Inclusive
Approved rendering: પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: prajāo
Doctrine: Unity and Inclusion of the Nations
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
ἔθνη in its positive, inclusive sense (21:24, 26), the nations bringing their glory into the city — distinct from baseline’s usual Jew/Gentile contrastive sense (see gentiles entry, અન્ય પ્રજાઓ).
Unclean
Approved rendering: અશુદ્ધ
Transliteration: aśuddha
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κοινός / ἀκάθαρτος
Category: New Creation
κοινός/ἀκάθαρτος (21:27). Exclusion based on inclusion in the Book of Life through Christ, not ritual purity observance; must not be assimilated to ritual-purity concerns prominent in Hindu and especially Jain practice.
Curse
Approved rendering: શાપ
Transliteration: śāp
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: New Creation
κατάρα (22:3), the Genesis curse finally undone. Requires OT background bridging.
Reign Forever
Approved rendering: રાજ કરવો
Transliteration: rāj karavo
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεύω
Category: Return of Christ
βασιλεύω (20:6; 22:5). Reuses kingdom_of_god root.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવક્તા
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: જ્યોતિષી
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package (exact copy). Never confuse with astrologer/fortune-teller.
Amen
Approved rendering: આમીન
Transliteration: āmīn
Doctrine: Doxology and Praise
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Established transliteration per baseline system prompt Transliteration Standards; treated as an inherited convention. Occurs 1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: હાલેલૂયાહ
Transliteration: hālelūyāh
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Doxology and Praise
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
Established transliteration per baseline system prompt Transliteration Standards; treated as an inherited convention. Occurs 19:1, 3-4, 6.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: નવશેકું
Transliteration: navśekũ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Perseverance
Neither hot nor cold; spiritual complacency (Laodicea, 3:16).
Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: ૧,૪૪,૦૦૦
Transliteration: ek lākh chāḷīs hazār chār hazār
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic completeness (12x12x1000, chs. 7, 14), not a literal census figure. Footnote against literal-census misreading; note Indian lakh-based numeral grouping convention if rendered in Gujarati numerals.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: રણશિંગડું
Transliteration: raṇśiṅgaḍũ
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Tribulation
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Judgment
Announces successive judgments (chs. 8-9, 11).
Michael
Approved rendering: મિખાયેલ
Transliteration: Mikhāyel
Doctrine: Defeat and Judgment of Satan
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Cosmic Conflict
The archangel who battles the dragon (12:7). Proper name; no doctrinal identification with a pre-incarnate Christ (reject Jehovah’s Witness-specific claim).
Bowl
Approved rendering: પ્યાલો
Transliteration: pyālo
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Tribulation
Original: φιάλη
Category: Judgment
The bowls of God’s final judgments (chs. 15-16).
Armageddon
Approved rendering: હર-માગેદોન
Transliteration: Har-Māgedon
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Sovereignty
Symbolic site of final gathering of kings against God (16:16). Avoid over-literalizing as a single predicted geopolitical battle site.
Merchants
Approved rendering: વ્યાપારીઓ
Transliteration: vyāpārīo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἔμποροι
Category: Judgment
Merchants who mourn Babylon’s fall (ch. 18).
Armies Of Heaven
Approved rendering: સ્વર્ગની સેનાઓ
Transliteration: svargnī senāo
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: τὰ στρατεύματα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
Category: Return of Christ
Heavenly armies accompanying Christ’s return (19:14).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: ગોગ અને માગોગ
Transliteration: Gog ane Māgog
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Judgment
Symbolic nations gathered in final rebellion (20:8). Note the Islamic Yajuj-Majuj tradition shares the same names; teaching notes should clarify these are not simply the same narrative.
Detestable
Approved rendering: ધિક્કારપાત્ર
Transliteration: dhikkārpātra
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἐβδελυγμένος
Category: Judgment
ἐβδελυγμένος (21:8). Low ambiguity term.
Murderer
Approved rendering: હત્યારો
Transliteration: hatyāro
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φονεύς
Category: Judgment
φονεύς (21:8). Low ambiguity term.
Liar
Approved rendering: જૂઠાબોલો
Transliteration: jūṭhābolo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψευδής
Category: Judgment
ψευδής (21:8). Ties to the true/false (ἀληθινός) contrast running through the book.
Foundation
Approved rendering: પાયો
Transliteration: pāyo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: New Creation
θεμέλιος (21:14, 19), inscribed with the twelve apostles’ names.
Gate
Approved rendering: દરવાજો
Transliteration: daravājo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πυλών
Category: New Creation
πυλών (21:12-13, 21), inscribed with the twelve tribes’ names.
Wall
Approved rendering: કોટ
Transliteration: koṭ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τεῖχος
Category: New Creation
τεῖχος (21:14-15, 17-18).
Referenced passages