Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter — English → Gujarati
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 Peter chapters 1–5. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked TM REUSE and carry their baseline rendering unchanged. Terms newly required by 1 Peter’s distinct doctrinal content are marked NEW and are proposed here for the first time, pending Phase 2 theologian/native-speaker review per the routing indicated. All risk tiers use the Critical/High/Medium/Low framework defined in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Doctrine key: LHR = Living Hope of the Resurrection · SRS = Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake · HRP = Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood · SACE = Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance · CSS = Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering · HIC = Holiness in Conduct · EH = Elders and Humility · CPS = Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits · (+ shared baseline doctrines as noted)
Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (TM REUSE)
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati (translit.) | Doctrine(s) | Risk | Key 1 Peter Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός (theos) | પરમેશ્વર (Parmeśvar) | God | Critical | 1:2–3, 21; 2:4–5; 3:18–22; 4:2, 6, 11, 17, 19; 5:2, 5–6, 10 |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | પ્રભુ (prabhu) | Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1:3; 2:3, 13; 3:12, 15; 5:14 (contrast 3:6, human κύριος, see note below) |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | ઈસુ (Īsu) | Lordship/Sonship of Christ | Critical | throughout |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | ખ્રિસ્ત (Khrist) | Lordship/Sonship/Messianic Promise | Critical | throughout |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | પિતા (Pitā) | God the Father | Critical | 1:2, 17 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | પવિત્ર આત્મા (Pavitra Ātmā) | Sanctification/Holy Spirit | Critical | 1:2, 12; 4:14 |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | કૃપા (kṛpā) | Grace | Critical | 1:2, 10, 13; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5, 10, 12 |
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | વિશ્વાસ (viśvāsa) | Faith / LHR | High | 1:5, 7, 8–9, 21; 5:9 |
| salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | ઉદ્ધાર (uddhār) | Salvation / LHR | Critical | 1:5, 9, 10; 4:18 |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | પુનરુત્થાન (punarutthān) | LHR / Resurrection of Christ | Critical | 1:3; 3:21 |
| holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | પવિત્ર (pavitra) | Sanctification / HIC | High | 1:15–16; 2:5, 9; 3:5, 15 |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) | પવિત્રીકરણ (pavitrikaraṇ) | Sanctification | High | 1:2 |
| election / chosen | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή (eklektos / eklogē) | પસંદ કરેલા / પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી (pasand karelā / Parmeśvarnī pasandagī) | Election / HRP | High | 1:1–2; 2:4, 6, 9 |
| called / calling | κλητός / καλέω (klētos / kaleō) | તેડાયેલા / તેડું (tedāyelā / teḍũ) | Divine Calling | High | 1:15; 2:9, 21; 3:9; 5:10 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | પ્રેરિત (prerit) | Apostleship | Medium | 1:1 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | ન્યાયીપણું (nyāyīpaṇũ) | SRS / CSS / Salvation | Critical | 2:24; 3:14 |
| sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | પાપ (pāp) | CSS | High | 2:22, 24; 4:1, 8 |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | મહિમા (mahimā) | LHR / EH / Deity of Christ | High | 1:7–8, 11, 21; 4:11, 13–14; 5:1, 4, 10 |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | શાંતિ (śānti) | Peace with God | Medium | 1:2; 3:11; 5:14 |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય (Parmeśvarnũ sāmarthya) | Power of God for Salvation | High | 1:5 |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω (euangelion / euangelizō) | સુવાર્તા (suvārtā) | Gospel / CPS (4:6, disputed) | High | 1:12, 25; 4:6, 17 |
| prophet | προφήτης (prophētēs) | ભવિષ્યવક્તા (bhaviṣyavaktā) | Inspiration of Scripture | Low | 1:10 |
| gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | અન્ય પ્રજાઓ (anya prajāo) | Unity of Peoples | Medium | 2:12; 4:3 |
| spiritual gift | χάρισμα (charisma) | આત્મિક કૃપાદાન (ātmik kṛpādān) | Spiritual Gifts | Medium | 4:10 |
| fellowship (verb root) | κοινωνέω (koinōneō) | સંગત (saṅgat) [root] | CSS / Fellowship | Critical (elevated, see Part B: 4:13) | 4:13 |
Part B — New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter (NEW)
| # | English Term | Greek (translit.) | Gujarati Rendering (translit.) | Doctrine(s) | Risk | Rejected Alternatives & Reasoning | Key Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | born again / new birth | ἀναγεννάω (anagennaō) | નવો જન્મ / નવો જન્મ આપ્યો (navo janma / navo janma āpyo) | LHR | Critical | Never પુનર્જન્મ (single Sanskrit compound = Hindu rebirth / Jain karmic transmigration, already forbidden in baseline for “resurrection”); two-word periphrastic form deliberately chosen to avoid that compound | 1:3, 23 |
| 2 | mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | દયા (dayā) | Grace (adjacent) | Medium | Shared Hindu/Jain virtue-word (karuṇā/dayā); must keep God as personal, initiating subject | 1:3 |
| 3 | living hope | ἐλπίς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | જીવંત આશા (jīvant āśā) | LHR | High | Contrast with soul’s own uncertain progress toward moksha/kevalajñāna across lifetimes | 1:3, 13, 21; 3:15 |
| 4 | inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | વારસો (vārso) | LHR / Adoption (baseline) | High | Must be tied to grace-given sonship, not પુણ્ય (accumulated merit) | 1:4; 3:7 (સહવારસ, co-heir) |
| 5 | imperishable | ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos) | અવિનાશી (avinaśī) | LHR | High | Bhagavad Gita epithet for the eternal ātman; must attach to God’s promised gift, not an inherent soul-quality | 1:4, 23; 3:4 |
| 6 | unfading | ἀμάραντος (amarantos) | કદી ન કરમાય તેવો (kadī na karamāya tevo) | LHR / EH | Medium-High | Rejected: અક્ષય (Hindu ritual “undiminishing merit,” e.g. Akshaya Tritiya) | 1:4; 5:4 (crown) |
| 7 | guarded/kept | φρουρέω (phroureō) | સુરક્ષિત રખાયેલા (surakṣit rakhāyelā) | Assurance of Salvation | Medium | God’s ongoing active protection vs. self-monitored karmic ledger | 1:5 |
| 8 | trial/testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | કસોટી (kasoṭī) | SRS | High | Purposeful, God-superintended test, not fatalistic karmic unfolding | 1:6; 4:12 |
| 9 | tested genuineness | δοκίμιον (dokimion) | વિશ્વાસની પરખ (viśvāsnī parakh) | SRS / LHR | Medium-High | Refinement of a given gift, not evidence of self-produced merit | 1:7 |
| 10 | revelation (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | પ્રગટીકરણ (pragaṭīkaraṇ) | LHR / Eschatology | High | Single climactic historical unveiling, not repeated avatar-descent or cyclical event | 1:7, 13; 4:13 |
| 11 | suffering / to suffer | πάθημα / πάσχω (pathēma / paschō) | દુઃખ / દુઃખ સહવું (duḥkha / duḥkha sahavũ) | SRS / CSS | Critical | Direct collision with shared Hindu-Jain-Buddhist duḥkha-saṃsāra framework; every use must anchor suffering to a personal Lord, a bounded purpose, and the living hope — not self-transcendence via detachment/austerity | 1:6, 11; 2:19–21, 23; 3:14, 17–18; 4:1, 13, 15, 19; 5:1, 9–10 |
| 12 | outcome/goal (of faith) | τέλος (telos) | પરિણામ (pariṇām) | LHR | Medium-High | Context-sensitive; see also #13 | 1:9 |
| 13 | end (of all things) | τέλος (telos) | અંત (ant) | Eschatology | High | Linear historical consummation, not phase in endless cosmic cycle | 4:7 |
| 14 | soul | ψυχή (psychē) | જીવ (jīv) | LHR / CPS | High | Collides with Jain jīva/ajīva metaphysical soul-substance; must be tied to God’s saving action, not autonomous karmic transmigration | 1:9, 22; 2:11, 25; 3:20; 4:19 |
| 15 | foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις (prognōsis) | પૂર્વજ્ઞાન (pūrvajñān) | Election / Providence | High | Distinguish from Jain કેવલજ્ઞાન (self-attained omniscience of a liberated soul) | 1:2 |
| 16 | sojourner/exile | παρεπίδημος (parepidēmos) | પરદેશી / યાત્રી (pardeśī / yātrī) | Separation unto God’s Service (baseline) | Medium | Ordinary engaged life with different ultimate loyalty, not ascetic withdrawal (sannyāsa) | 1:1; 2:11 |
| 17 | manifested/appeared | φανερόω (phaneroō) | પ્રગટ થવું (pragaṭ thavũ) | Incarnation (adjacent) / EH | High | Distinct from but must accompany દેહધારણ [TM]; never assimilated to repeatable avatar-descent | 1:20; 5:4 |
| 18 | sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος (rantismos haimatos) | લોહીનું છંટકાવ (lohīnũ chaṇṭkāv) | CSS | High | Requires OT covenant-ratification background (Exodus 24); handle ahimsa-sensitivity pastorally without softening doctrine | 1:2 |
| 19 | purify | ἁγνίζω (hagnizō) | શુદ્ધ કરેલા (śuddha karelā) | HIC | Critical | Extends baseline’s existing શુদ્ધ warning (Jain ritual/ascetic purity); purification here is Spirit-enabled response to truth, not self-performed ascetic technique | 1:22 |
| 20 | conduct | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | વર્તન (vartan) | HIC | High | Rejected: આચરણ/ચારિત્ર્ય (too close to Jain samyak cāritra, merit-based right conduct) | 1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1–2, 16 |
| 21 | redeem/redemption | λυτρόω (lytroō) | છોડાવવું (chodāvavũ) | CSS | Critical | No shared root with મુક્તિ (forbidden salvation-alternative); price paid BY Christ, not worked off by self-effort (opposite of nirjarā) | 1:18 |
| 22 | precious blood / lamb | τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνός (timion haima / amnos) | મૂલ્યવાન લોહી / હલવાન (mūlyavān lohī / halvān) | CSS | High | Requires Passover/Levitical background; handle ahimsa-sensitivity pastorally | 1:19 |
| 23 | living stone | λίθος ζῶν (lithos zōn) | જીવતો પથ્થર (jīvato patthar) | HRP | Medium | Keep christological/ecclesial metaphor distinct from folk animist stone-spirit notions | 2:4–5 |
| 24 | holy priesthood / royal priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma) | પવિત્ર યાજકપણું / રાજવી યાજકપણું (pavitra yājakpaṇũ / rājvī yājakpaṇũ) | HRP | Critical | Direct confrontation of hereditary/caste-based Brahmin priesthood and any ascetic spiritual elite; access to God is universal in Christ, non-hereditary, non-caste | 2:5, 9 |
| 25 | spiritual sacrifice | θυσία πνευματική (thysia pneumatikē) | આત્મિક બલિદાન (ātmik balidān) | HRP | High | Must stay explicitly non-material; avoid conflation with yajña ritual offering or Jain tapa self-offering | 2:5 |
| 26 | chosen race / holy nation / God’s own people | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | પસંદ કરેલી પ્રજા / પવિત્ર દેશજન / પોતાની ખાસ પ્રજા | HRP / Election | High | Identity in Christ transcends caste/community, not a new sociological in-group | 2:9 |
| 27 | submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | આધીન થાઓ / આધીનતા (ādhīn thāo / ādhīnatā) | SACE | High | Free, Christ-modeled posture, not fatalistic caste/karma resignation | 2:13, 18; 3:1, 5; 5:5 |
| 28 | freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | સ્વતંત્રતા (svatantratā) | SACE | Medium | No root shared with મુક્તિ; not license, and not “moksha-style” liberation | 2:16 |
| 29 | (“commendable,” contextual χάρις) | χάρις (charis, non-theological sense) | યોગ્ય / પ્રશંસાપાત્ર (yogya / praśansāpātra) | SACE / Grace (ambiguity flag) | High | Context-sensitive: must NOT default to કૃપા here, or unjust suffering reads as merit-earning | 2:19–20 |
| 30 | suffered for you (substitution) | Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπέρ (Christos epathen hyper) | ખ્રિસ્ત તમારે માટે દુઃખ સહ્યાં (Khrist tamāre māṭe duḥkha sahyā) | CSS | Critical | ὑπέρ’s substitutionary force (“in place of / for the benefit of”) must be explicit, alongside (not collapsed into) the exemplary sense | 2:21 |
| 31 | example/pattern | ὑπογραμμός (hypogrammos) | નમૂનો (namūno) | CSS | Medium | Held together with, not instead of, substitution | 2:21; 5:3 (τύπος) |
| 32 | bore our sins in his body on the tree | ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον (anapherō … epi to xylon) | પાપ શરીરમાં વૃક્ષ પર ઊંચકી લીધાં | CSS | Critical | Sacrificial, substitutionary, one-time, bodily; not merely exemplary, not self-exhausted karma | 2:24 |
| 33 | healed (by his wound) | ἰάομαι (iaomai) | સાજા થયા (sājā thayā) | CSS | Medium | Spiritual restoration through atonement, not primarily physical healing | 2:24 |
| 34 | shepherd / overseer | ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος (poimēn / episkopos) | ઘેટાંપાળક / દેખરેખ રાખનાર (gheṭāṅpāḷak / dekhrekh rākhnār) | EH / CSS | High | Krishna-gopāla (cowherd) devotional collision risk, salient given Dwarka; keep passage’s specific sin-bearing content in view | 2:25; 5:2 |
| 35 | conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | અંતઃકરણ (antaḥkaraṇ) | HIC | Medium | Anchor to moral accountability before personal God, not Vedantic “inner instrument” cosmology | 3:16, 21 |
| 36 | human “lord” (Sarah/Abraham) | κύριος (kyrios, non-theological) | સ્વામી (svāmī) | SACE (translation-choice flag) | High | Must diverge from પ્રભુ, reserved exclusively for Christ, even though same Greek word is used | 3:6 |
| 37 | once (for all) | ἅπαξ (hapax) | એક જ વાર (ek ja vār) | CSS | Critical | Decisive finality; rules out repeatable ritual, repeatable avatar-descent, repeatable karmic cycle | 3:18 |
| 38 | bring near/give access | προσάγω (prosagō) | પરમેશ્વરની પાસે લાવવા (Parmeśvarnī pāse lāvavā) | CSS / HRP | Medium-High | Direct access through Christ, not through caste-restricted priestly mediation | 3:18 |
| 39 | put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | શરીરમાં મરણ પામ્યા, આત્મામાં જીવતા થયા | LHR / CPS | Critical | Exegetically disputed; preserve ambiguity, mandatory theologian review every occurrence | 3:18 |
| 40 | spirits in prison / proclamation to spirits | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ, ἐκήρυξεν | બંદીખાનામાંના આત્માઓને પ્રગટ કર્યું | CPS | Critical | Highest-risk term in the book: આત્મા collides with Jain jīva-soul theology and with પવિત્ર આત્મા; must not imply universalist post-mortem salvation, purgatory, or Jain-like soul-journey; mandatory theologian note every occurrence | 3:19; 4:6 |
| 41 | antitype / baptism | ἀντίτυπος / βάπτισμα | પ્રતિરૂપ / બાપ્તિસ્મા (pratirūp / bāptismā) | CPS / LHR | Medium-High | Requires typology explanation; not ritual physical cleansing (contrast Hindu snāna/Jain purification) | 3:21 |
| 42 | authorities and powers (angelic) | ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις (exousiai kai dynameis) | અધિકારીઓ અને પરાક્રમો (adhikārīo ane parākramo) | Lordship of Christ | High | Distinct from પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય [TM]; Christ’s exaltation is active/cosmic, not withdrawal (contrast Jain siddha) | 3:22 |
| 43 | idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | મૂર્તિપૂજા (mūrtipūjā) | HIC | High | Do not soften; majority-context mūrti-worship and Jain image-veneration both relevant; pastoral framing belongs in lesson notes, not the translation | 4:3 |
| 44 | judge (the living and dead) | κρίνω (krinō) | ન્યાય કરવો (nyāya karavo) | Universal Accountability | High | Personal divine judgment, not impersonal karma-phala | 4:5, 17 (κρίμα) |
| 45 | sober-minded / watchful | σωφρονέω / νήφω (sōphroneō / nēphō) | સાવધ અને સ્વસ્થ (sāvadh ane svasth) | SRS / EH | Medium-High | Rejected: સંયમ/સંયમી (Jain ascetic self-restraint technical term) | 1:13; 4:7; 5:8 |
| 46 | love | ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη (agapaō / agapē) | પ્રેમ (prem) | LHR / HIC | Medium-High | Gujarat’s prem-bhakti devotional tradition (romantic longing for an unseen deity) risks reframing self-giving agape as devotional viraha-longing | 1:8, 22; 4:8; 5:14 |
| 47 | steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | કારભારી (kārbhārī) | Spiritual Gifts (adjacent) | Low-Medium | — | 4:10 |
| 48 | dominion/might | κράτος (kratos) | પ્રભુત્વ / સત્તા (prabhutva / sattā) | Lordship of Christ (adjacent) | Medium | Reuses પ્રભુ root | 4:11; 5:11 |
| 49 | house of God | οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ (oikos tou Theou) | પરમેશ્વરનું ઘર (Parmeśvarnũ ghar) | HRP / Church (baseline) | High | 1 Peter never uses ἐκκλησία; note explicitly; must not suggest a physical temple/shrine building | 4:17 (cf. 2:5) |
| 50 | Creator | κτίστης (ktistēs) | સર્જનહાર (sarjanahār) | CSS / Providence | High | Pointed apologetic against Jain no-creator cosmology and impersonal Brahman | 4:19 |
| 51 | elder | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | વડીલ (vaḍīl) | EH | High | Not a guru-like self-attained authority; servant-shepherd under the Chief Shepherd | 5:1, 5 |
| 52 | shepherd (verb) / flock | ποιμαίνω / ποίμνιον (poimainō / poimnion) | સંભાળ રાખવી / ટોળું (sambhāḷ rākhavī / ṭoḷũ) | EH | High | Same Krishna-gopāla collision risk as #34 | 5:2 |
| 53 | greedy for gain | αἰσχροκερδής (aischrokerdēs) | અનિચ્છનીય લાભની લાલચ (anichchhanīy lābhnī lālach) | EH | Medium-High | Warns against commercializing spiritual office (cf. guru-dakshina economy) | 5:2 |
| 54 | lording it over / example | κατακυριεύω / τύπος (katakyrieuō / typos) | પ્રભુત્વ ચલાવવું / નમૂનારૂપ (prabhutva chalāvavũ / namūnārūp) | EH | High | Prohibits hierarchical, honor-commanding authority modeled on guru/caste-elder status | 5:3 |
| 55 | Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην (archipoimēn) | મુખ્ય ઘેટાંપાળક (mukhya gheṭāṅpāḷak) | EH / Lordship of Christ | High | Must stay visibly distinct from human “elders/shepherds” | 5:4 |
| 56 | humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινός (tapeinophrosynē / tapeinos) | નમ્રતા (namratā) | EH | High | Relational response to a gracious God, not self-cultivated merit-reducing discipline (contrast Jain vinaya) | 3:8; 5:5–6 |
| 57 | proud | ὑπερήφανος (hyperēphanos) | અભિમાની (abhimānī) | EH / Grace | High | Direct grace-vs-merit collision point (Proverbs 3:34 quotation) | 5:5 |
| 58 | anxiety/care | μέριμνα (merimna) | ચિંતા (cintā) | Providence (baseline) | Medium | Personal, caring God vs. impersonal cause-and-effect | 5:7 |
| 59 | devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | શેતાન (śetān) | EH (spiritual warfare) | Medium | Specific personal adversary, not generic folk ghost-category (bhoot-pret) | 5:8 |
| 60 | brotherhood | ἀδελφότης (adelphotēs) | ભાઈચારો (bhāīchāro) | Christian Fellowship (baseline) | Low-Medium | — | 2:17; 5:9 |
| 61 | Christian (name) | Χριστιανός (Christianos) | ખ્રિસ્તી (khristī) | Identity in Christ (baseline) | Low | Established term; no syncretism risk | 4:16 |
| 62 | weaker vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (asthenesteron skeuos) | નબળું પાત્ર (nabaḷũ pātra) | SACE (gender sensitivity) | Medium | Cultural/gender-language handling, not syncretism | 3:7 |
Part C — Full-Book Coverage Confirmation
| Chapter | New Terms Contributed | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 new terms (novo janma, jīvant āśā, vārso, avinaśī, kadī na karamāya tevo, kasoṭī, parakh, pragaṭīkaraṇ, duḥkha, pariṇām, jīv, pūrvajñān, pardeśī, pragaṭ thavũ, lohīnũ chaṇṭkāv, śuddha karelā, vartan, chodāvavũ, mūlyavān lohī/halvān, jīvant tathā ṭakī rahenārũ vachan) + 15 baseline reuses | Fully analyzed, core passage verse-by-verse |
| 2 | 15 new terms (jīvato patthar, yājakpaṇũ combos, ātmik balidān, prajā combos, ādhīn thāo, svatantratā, contextual χάρις flag, substitution ὑπέρ phrase, namūno, sin-bearing phrase, sājā thayā, shepherd/overseer combo) + baseline reuses | Fully analyzed |
| 3 | 12 new terms (saumya/śānt combo, svāmī flag, sahvāras, antaḥkaraṇ, ek ja vār, Parmeśvarnī pāse lāvavā, disputed 3:18 clause, ātmāo/CPS complex, pratirūp/bāptismā, adhikārīo/parākramo) + baseline reuses | Fully analyzed |
| 4 | 12 new terms (mūrtipūjā, nyāya karavo, sāvadh/svasth, prem [reinforced], kārbhārī, prabhutva/sattā, Parmeśvarnũ ghar, sarjanahār) + baseline reuses | Fully analyzed |
| 5 | 11 new terms (vaḍīl, sambhāḷ rākhavī/ṭoḷũ, aischrokerdēs phrase, katakyrieuō/typos phrase, archipoimēn, namratā, abhimānī, cintā, śetān, bhāīchāro) + baseline reuses | Fully analyzed |
No chapter of 1 Peter was found doctrinally inert; every chapter contributes distinct load-bearing vocabulary. Highest-priority items for Phase 2 human theologian review, in order of concentration risk: (1) 1 Peter 3:18–20 and 4:6 (Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, term #40 and the disputed clause of term #39); (2) the “suffering” vocabulary cluster (term #11) running throughout; (3) the “royal/holy priesthood” cluster (term #24); (4) the substitutionary atonement cluster (terms #21, #30, #32, #37).
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God the Father
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. In 1 Peter, addressed as Father throughout, source of mercy, grace, election, judgment (1:2-3, 21; 2:4-5; 3:18-22; 4:2, 6, 11, 17, 19; 5:2, 5-6, 10). Never ભગવાન.
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Reserved exclusively for Christ’s exclusive, presently-reigning Lordship (1:3; 2:3, 13; 3:12, 15; 5:14), including his active subjugation of authorities and powers (3:22) — contrast the Jain siddha’s completed, non-interactive withdrawal. NEVER used for the non-theological, social sense of κύριος at 3:6 (Sarah calling Abraham ‘lord’) — see new term human_lord.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Used throughout 1 Peter.
Father
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: God the Father / Election
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. God as personal Father who begets believers to a living hope (1:3) and whose foreknowledge grounds their election (1:2, 17).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification / Inspiration of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ, પવિત્ર શક્તિ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged, with an added 1 Peter-specific forbidden substitution: NEVER પવિત્ર શક્તિ (the impersonal-force rendering found in some sectarian Gujarati print material) — this denies the Spirit’s personhood. Must be kept visibly distinct from આત્મા used elsewhere in 1 Peter for disembodied spirits (3:19) and for the human soul (જીવ); active in sanctifying believers (1:2), inspiring the prophets (1:11-12), resting on sufferers (4:14).
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace Versus Merit
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Ground of election, calling, and suffering-endurance in 1 Peter (1:2, 10, 13; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5, 10, 12). Especially critical at 5:5 (God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble) and 4:10 (varied grace through spiritual gifts). NEVER used at 2:19-20, where χάρις carries a distinct colloquial, non-theological sense — see new term commendable_charis.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Deliverance secured now and to be fully revealed (1:5, 9-10; 4:18). NEVER મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, or સિદ્ધત્વ.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Christ’s bodily, historical, once-for-all rising (1:3), ground of baptism’s appeal (3:21). NEVER પુનર્જન્મ. Must be kept clearly distinct from, though it grounds, the new-birth vocabulary (see new_birth) — the two are not identical.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. The cause for which believers may suffer (3:14) and the goal Christ’s sin-bearing secures (2:24). Never ધર્મ.
Christ
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્ત
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Sonship of Christ / Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter package (not a distinct key in the baseline Romans TM, which only records messiah/મસીહા for the OT-promised-deliverer concept). ખ્રિસ્ત is the established Gujarati NT running-text name/title form, used both as part of ‘Jesus Christ’ and standing alone (1:11; 3:18; 4:1, 13-14; 5:1, 10) throughout 1 Peter. Both ખ્રિસ્ત and મસીહા point to the same reality but serve distinct textual functions; do not merge or substitute one for the other.
Born Again New Birth
Approved rendering: નવો જન્મ / નવો જન્મ આપ્યો
Transliteration: navo janma / navo janma āpyo
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration) / Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ
The single highest-risk newly introduced term in 1 Peter. NEVER પુનર્જન્મ (the single Sanskrit-origin compound already forbidden in the baseline for ‘resurrection,’ naming Hindu rebirth and Jain karma-driven soul transmigration). Mandatory two-word periphrastic form, always taught as a one-time, God-initiated, resurrection-grounded event (1:3, 23), never another turn of an impersonal cycle re-entered based on karmic residue.
Suffering
Approved rendering: દુઃખ / દુઃખ સહવું
Transliteration: duḥkha / duḥkha sahavũ
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
Runs throughout the letter (1:6, 11; 2:19-21, 23; 3:14, 17-18; 4:1, 13, 15, 19; 5:1, 9-10). દુઃખ is also the first, most basic technical term of the shared Hindu-Jain-Buddhist analysis of existence (duḥkha as the fundamental problem of saṃsāra, escaped through detachment or ascetic self-effort). Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence must be anchored to a personal, presently-reigning Lord who himself suffered substitutionarily, a bounded and purposeful trial (કસોટી), and જીવંત આશા — never left standing alone as if teaching self-mastery of suffering.
Purify
Approved rendering: શુદ્ધ કરેલા
Transliteration: śuddha karelā
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἁγνίζω
Category: Sanctification
Souls purified through obedience to the truth, resulting in sincere brotherly love (1:22). The sharpest point of the baseline’s existing શુদ્ધ caution: the grammar (purification achieved THROUGH an action) structurally mirrors Jain tapa self-purification even when every word is doctrinally sound. Every occurrence must make explicit the obedience is a Spirit-enabled response to gospel truth already received, not an ascetic technique.
Redeem
Approved rendering: છોડાવ્યા / છોડાવવું
Transliteration: chodāvyā / chodāvavũ
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: મુક્તિ-rooted vocabulary
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Suffering
Believers bought out of their former futile way of life at the cost of Christ’s blood (1:18). Deliberately shares no root with મુક્તિ (baseline’s forbidden ‘liberation’ term). The price is paid BY Christ, not worked off by the redeemed person — opposite of Jain nirjarā.
Holy Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર યાજકપણું / રાજવી યાજકપણું
Transliteration: pavitra yājakpaṇũ / rājvī yājakpaṇũ
Doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: પુરોહિત
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
The collective priestly office/function of ALL believers (2:5, 9; echoes Exodus 19:6). NEVER પુરોહિત, the common Gujarati word for a hereditary, caste-restricted Brahmin priest. Must confront both the hereditary Brahmin priesthood and any ascetic spiritual elite (Jain munis); access to God is universal, non-hereditary, non-caste, granted to every believer in Christ.
Christ Suffered For You
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્ત તમારે માટે દુઃખ સહ્યાં
Transliteration: Khrist tamāre māṭe duḥkha sahyā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπέρ
Category: Suffering
Christ suffered on behalf of, and in place of, believers (2:21). ὑπέρ’s substitutionary force (‘in place of / for the benefit of’) must be preserved explicitly, since Gujarati માટે alone is ambiguous between ‘for the sake of’ and ‘in place of’; not merely ‘suffered alongside’ or ‘as an example’ — though the exemplary sense (example_pattern) is also taught and must be held together with, not instead of, substitution.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: પાપ પોતાના શરીરમાં વૃક્ષ (ક્રૂસ) પર ઊંચકી લીધાં
Transliteration: pāp potānā śarīrmā vṛkṣa (krūs) par ūnchkī līdhā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Suffering
Christ carried up/bore our sins as a sacrificial offering, in his own body, at the cross (2:24). Must preserve the sacrificial, substitutionary, one-time, bodily character; must not be flattened into merely instructive ‘example of noble suffering,’ nor read through a framework where one’s own sin/karma must be personally exhausted rather than borne by another.
Once For All
Approved rendering: એક જ વાર
Transliteration: ek ja vār
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: અકેક, એકવાર
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Suffering
Christ suffered ONCE for sins (3:18), ruling out repetition. Rejected single-word alternatives lose the decisive, non-repeatable force. Must be preserved against any reading assimilating Christ’s suffering to repeatable ritual, repeatable avatar-descent, or repeatable karmic cycle.
Put To Death Made Alive
Approved rendering: શરીરમાં મરણ પામ્યા, પણ આત્મામાં જીવતા થયા
Transliteration: śarīrmā maraṇ pāmyā, paṇ ātmāmā jīvatā thayā
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
‘Having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit’ (3:18) — one of the most exegetically disputed clauses in the NT. Whatever exegetical position a lesson takes, the Gujarati rendering must preserve the ambiguity rather than resolve it. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: બંદીખાનામાંના આત્માઓને પ્રગટ કર્યું / જાહેર કર્યું
Transliteration: bandīkhānāmānā ātmāone pragaṭ karyũ / jāhera karyũ
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ, ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Suffering
The single highest-risk term newly introduced by 1 Peter (3:19; cf. 4:6). આત્મા collides directly with Jain jīva-soul theology and with પવિત્ર આત્મા (Holy Spirit). Must make unmistakably clear these are NOT the Holy Spirit, NOT the transmigrating jīva progressing toward liberation, and NOT a purgatorial ‘second chance for the dead.’ Mandatory theologian explanatory note at every occurrence; never abbreviate to bare આત્માઓ without the બંદીખાનામાંના qualifier.
Participate In Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તનાં દુઃખોમાં ભાગીદાર થાઓ
Transliteration: Khristnā duḥkhomā bhāgīdār thāo
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: κοινωνέω
Category: Suffering
To share/participate in Christ’s own sufferings (4:13), an elevated sense of κοινωνέω beyond ordinary fellowship (સંગત). Direct convergence point: believers do not add to Christ’s finished, once-for-all (ἅπαξ) atoning suffering but participate in the pattern and fellowship of it. This participation-in-pattern vs. contribution-to-atonement distinction must be preserved with a translator note wherever used.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Personal trust in Christ, tested through trials (1:5, 7) and the ground of firm resistance to the devil (5:9); not generalized devotional reverence (bhakti/shraddha).
Holy
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Standard for believers’ whole conduct (1:15-16, quoting Leviticus 19:2) and for sanctifying Christ as Lord in the heart (3:15).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: પવિત્રીકરણ
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇ
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધિકરણ, તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. The Spirit’s work setting believers apart for obedience (1:2).
Election
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની પસંદગી
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī Pasandagī
Doctrine: Election and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, નિયતિ, કર્મ-ફળ
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Underlies ‘elect exiles’ (1:1) and the corporate election of 2:9 (paired with new term chosen_race_holy_nation). Not impersonal fate/karma theory.
Called
Approved rendering: તેડાયેલા
Transliteration: tedāyelā
Doctrine: Election and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આમંત્રિત
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Context-sensitive across 1:15 (called to holiness), 2:9, 21 (called to this very purpose of suffering well), 3:9, 5:10 (called to eternal glory). God’s sovereign, initiating call, set apart from guru-disciple initiation (diksha) culture.
Calling
Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: Election and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged.
Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Borne by the sinless Christ (2:22, 24); ceased from by those united with Christ’s suffering (4:1, 8). Not impersonal karmic matter removed by tapa.
Glory
Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Destination of tested faith (1:7-8), outcome following Christ’s sufferings (1:11), belongs eternally to God (4:11; 5:11), promised to faithful elders (5:1, 4, 10). Avoid light-only imagery, especially given 2:9’s ‘marvelous light.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Assurance and Providence Amid Suffering
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. God’s power actively guarding believers for salvation (1:5). Never શક્તિ (Shakti/Ambaji goddess-power association).
Gospel
Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel / Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (4:6, disputed)
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. The saving proclamation already preached to believers (1:12, 25). The 4:6 occurrence (‘preached also to those who are dead’) carries the same Critical disputed-exegesis flag as spirits_in_prison and must never be used to silently resolve that debate.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન
Transliteration: viśvāsnũ āgnāpālan
Doctrine: Election and Divine Calling / Obedience
Rejected alternatives: ધાર્મિક ફરજ
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Applied at 1:2 (‘obedience of/to Jesus Christ’); other 1 Peter occurrences of obedience vocabulary (1:14, 22) are context-sensitive — see doctrine risk registry note on ‘obedience’ entry in bible_term_registry.json.
Providence
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું વિધાન
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Vidhān
Doctrine: Assurance and Providence Amid Suffering
Rejected alternatives: નસીબ, કર્મનો નિયમ
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Undergirds 1 Peter 5:7 (‘casting all your anxiety on him, because he cares for you’) and 1:5/4:19’s personal, active divine care — never the impersonal law of karma.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: જીવંત આશા
Transliteration: jīvant āśā
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
Core-passage thesis term (1:3, 13, 21; 3:15). Must be anchored to Christ’s completed, past resurrection, not a future self-attained liberation across lifetimes (moksha/kevalajñāna). આશા alone is too thin a word to carry this weight; always pair with જીવંત and, where possible, an explicit link back to પુનરુત્થાન.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: વારસો / સહવારસ
Transliteration: vārso / sahvāras
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: પુણ્ય
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
Believer’s certain future possession (1:4), extended to spouses as fellow heirs of the grace of life (3:7, સહવારસ). Must be taught alongside baseline’s adoption doctrine (દત્તકપણું); not accumulated merit or the fruit of one’s own karmic ledger.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: અવિનાશી
Transliteration: avinaśī
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation
Describes the believer’s future inheritance (1:4) and the seed of the new birth (1:23). This is the standard Bhagavad Gita epithet applied to the eternal, indestructible ātman — extremely high recognition, extremely wrong default referent. Never let it modify જીવ (soul) directly; always attach to વારસો or બીજ (seed), i.e. to something God gives.
Trial
Approved rendering: કસોટી
Transliteration: kasoṭī
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
Various trials that occasion grief but test genuine faith (1:6), also ‘fiery ordeal’ (4:12). કસોટી (assaying test) keeps the gold/fire refining metaphor intact and avoids a fatalistic reading of trials as automatic karmic unfolding; reinforce with explicit divine agency.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: પ્રગટીકરણ
Transliteration: pragaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
The decisive, future, one-time disclosure of Jesus Christ (1:7, 13; 4:13). Must not be read against repeated Vaishnav avatar-descents nor as one of many events within an endless cosmic cycle.
End Of All Things
Approved rendering: અંત
Transliteration: ant
Doctrine: Eschatology (baseline-adjacent)
Original: τέλος
Category: Eschatology
The approaching termination/consummation of the present created order (4:7). Must communicate a linear, historical, approaching consummation of history, not a phase-transition within a beginningless, endless cosmic cycle.
Soul
Approved rendering: જીવ
Transliteration: jīv
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
The whole inner person, object of God’s saving work (1:9), purified through obedience (1:22), guarded by the Shepherd (2:25), delivered through water (3:20), entrusted to the faithful Creator (4:19). જીવ is also the core technical term in Jain metaphysics for the individual soul-substance (jīva) transmigrating according to accumulated karma until self-achieved liberation. Every use must be anchored to God’s saving, once-for-all action, never an autonomous soul-substance working out its own karmic liberation.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: પૂર્વજ્ઞાન
Transliteration: pūrvajñān
Doctrine: Election and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: કેવલજ્ઞાન
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
The Father’s prior personal knowledge and determination underlying election (1:2). Must be explicitly distinguished from કેવલજ્ઞાન (kevalajñāna), a Jain liberated soul’s self-attained omniscience.
Manifested
Approved rendering: પ્રગટ થવું
Transliteration: pragaṭ thavũ
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Elders and Humility
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
Christ’s historical appearing (1:20) and future appearing as Chief Shepherd (5:4). Distinct from but must accompany baseline’s દેહધારણ (incarnation); never assimilated to a repeatable avatar-descent, especially salient given Dwarka’s Vaishnav devotional prominence.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: લોહીનું છંટકાવ
Transliteration: lohīnũ chaṇṭkāv
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Suffering
Alludes to the Sinai covenant-ratification rite (1:2; Exodus 24). Requires explicit OT background; handle ahimsa-sensitivity pastorally without softening the doctrine.
Conduct
Approved rendering: વર્તન
Transliteration: vartan
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: આચરણ, ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
Way of life/behavior (1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1-2, 16). Rejected આચરણ/ચારિત્ર્ય as too close to Jain samyak cāritra (right conduct attained by self-effort); વર્તન keeps this as the visible fruit of grace, not a self-achieved spiritual attainment.
Precious Blood Lamb
Approved rendering: મૂલ્યવાન લોહી / નિર્દોષ હલવાન
Transliteration: mūlyavān lohī / nirdoṣ halvān
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνός
Category: Suffering
Christ’s costly blood, typified by the unblemished lamb (1:19). Requires OT Passover/Levitical background; requires pastoral care given ahimsa sensibility, but must be taught clearly, not softened.
Spiritual Sacrifice
Approved rendering: આત્મિક બલિદાનો
Transliteration: ātmik balidāno
Doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: θυσία πνευματική
Category: Church
Non-material, Spirit-enabled offerings believers, as priests, now offer through Christ (2:5). આત્મિક (spiritual) must never be dropped even in shortened references, to prevent conflation with Hindu yajña or Jain tapa self-offering.
Chosen Race Holy Nation
Approved rendering: પસંદ કરેલી પ્રજા / પવિત્ર દેશજન / પોતાની ખાસ પ્રજા
Transliteration: pasand karelī prajā / pavitra deśjan / potānī khās prajā
Doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood / Election
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
Corporate titles for the church as God’s own elect people, called out of darkness into marvelous light (2:9). Must be read as identity in Christ transcending ethnicity, caste, community affiliation — always pair with ‘ખ્રિસ્તમાં’ (in Christ) to block a communal/ethnic misreading.
Submit
Approved rendering: આધીન થાઓ / આધીનતા
Transliteration: ādhīn thāo / ādhīnatā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
Voluntary self-placement under civil authorities (2:13), masters (2:18), husbands (3:1, 5), one another including elders (5:5). Must be taught as free, gospel-motivated, Christ-modeled posture (2:21-25), never fatalistic caste/karma resignation to one’s assigned social station.
Commendable Charis
Approved rendering: યોગ્ય / પ્રશંસાપાત્ર
Transliteration: yogya / praśansāpātra
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance / Grace Versus Merit (ambiguity flag)
Rejected alternatives: કૃપા (forbidden specifically at 2:19-20)
Original: χάρις (colloquial sense)
Category: Household
A distinct colloquial sense of χάρις (‘this is commendable’) describing endurance of unjust suffering (2:19-20), not the theological sense of unmerited saving favor. Must NEVER default to કૃપા here, or the passage wrongly suggests enduring suffering earns saving grace.
Shepherd Overseer
Approved rendering: ઘેટાંપાળક / દેખરેખ રાખનાર
Transliteration: gheṭāṅpāḷak / dekhrekh rākhnār
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
Christ as Shepherd and Overseer of souls, to whom straying sheep are restored (2:25). Gujarat’s Vaishnav devotional culture (Dwarka) celebrates Krishna precisely as cowherd/shepherd-boy (gopāla); the passage’s specific sin-bearing, substitutionary content must be kept sharply in view to prevent assimilation into generic pastoral-deity imagery.
Human Lord
Approved rendering: સ્વામી
Transliteration: svāmī
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance (translation-choice flag)
Rejected alternatives: પ્રભુ (reserved exclusively for Christ)
Original: κύριος (non-theological)
Category: Household
A purely social honorific used of a human husband — Sarah calling Abraham ‘lord’ (3:6). Must diverge from પ્રભુ even though the source uses the identical Greek word κύριος, precisely to preserve, not blur, the reservation of પ્રભુ for Christ’s unique Lordship.
Authorities And Powers
Approved rendering: અધિકારીઓ અને પરાક્રમો
Transliteration: adhikārīo ane parākramo
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (baseline-reinforced)
Original: ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Christology
Angelic authorities and powers subjected to the exalted, risen Christ (3:22). Kept distinct from baseline’s પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય; Christ’s exaltation is active/cosmic, not withdrawal — contrast the Jain siddha’s permanent non-interactive withdrawal.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: મૂર્તિપૂજા
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Rejection of Idolatry / Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sanctification
Named among vices believers have left behind (4:3; cf. 1:18’s ‘futile conduct inherited from your forefathers’). The single most culturally sensitive vice-list term given majority Hindu mūrti-worship and Jain Tīrthankara veneration. Must be translated plainly per policy; never softened or generalized. Pastoral distinction belongs in lesson framing only.
Judge Living Dead
Approved rendering: ન્યાય કરવો
Transliteration: nyāya karavo
Doctrine: Universal Judgment and Accountability
Original: κρίνω / κρίμα
Category: Suffering
God’s personal, future, universal judgment of the living and the dead (4:5), beginning at the house of God (4:17-18). Must be clearly distinguished from impersonal, automatic karma-phala.
House Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું ઘર
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ ghar
Doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Original: οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Church
The believing community as God’s household, not a physical building — the place where judgment begins (4:17; cf. 2:5’s spiritual house). 1 Peter never uses ἐκκλησία, favoring ‘house,’ ‘flock,’ ‘brotherhood,’ ‘people’ language. Must never suggest a physical temple/shrine building.
Creator
Approved rendering: સર્જનહાર
Transliteration: sarjanahār
Doctrine: Creator God and Trust Amid Suffering
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
God as the faithful one to whom believers entrust their souls amid suffering (4:19). A pointed apologetic title directly confronting Jain denial of any creator God and impersonal-Brahman framing of divinity. The Creator here is personal and trustworthy, able to be entrusted with one’s whole inner self (જીવ).
Elder
Approved rendering: વડીલ / સહવડીલ
Transliteration: vaḍīl / sahvaḍīl
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Eldership
A recognized office of pastoral oversight grounded in shared servanthood; Peter identifies himself as a ‘fellow elder’ (5:1, 5). વડીલ is warm and natural for a respected community elder — an advantage — but risks collapse into a ગુરુ-like self-attained authority (already rejected for ‘apostle’ in the baseline) or caste-linked inherited seniority; 1 Peter’s elder is a servant-shepherd under the Chief Shepherd.
Shepherd Flock
Approved rendering: ટોળાની સંભાળ રાખવી / ટોળું
Transliteration: ṭoḷānī sambhāḷ rākhavī / ṭoḷũ
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμαίνω / ποίμνιον
Category: Eldership
The elders’ task toward God’s flock (5:2). Same Krishna-gopāla devotional collision risk as shepherd_overseer; must be kept distinct from the Chief Shepherd title reserved for Christ alone.
Lording It Over
Approved rendering: પ્રભુત્વ ચલાવવું / નમૂનારૂપ
Transliteration: prabhutva chalāvavũ / namūnārūp
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω / τύπος
Category: Eldership
Elders must not dominate but become examples to the flock (5:3). A direct, explicit prohibition on hierarchical, honor-commanding authority that guru-disciple and caste-elder models often assume. Keep lexically distinct from પ્રભુ (never build a verb form directly on the પ્રભુ root applied to a human).
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: મુખ્ય ઘેટાંપાળક
Transliteration: mukhya gheṭāṅpāḷak
Doctrine: Elders and Humility / Lordship of Christ
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Eldership
A title reserved for Christ alone (5:4), categorically distinguishing him from human elder-shepherds. Must stay visibly distinct from વડીલ/ઘેટાંપાળક in every passage where both appear.
Humility
Approved rendering: નમ્રતા
Transliteration: namratā
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινός
Category: Eldership
Lowliness of mind, extended to the entire community, to be ‘put on as a garment’ (3:8; 5:5-6). Jain vinaya frames humility as a self-cultivated, merit-reducing ascetic discipline; 1 Peter’s humility flows from and mirrors Christ’s own self-giving pattern (2:21-24) and rests on confidence that God himself exalts the humble (5:6) — a relational posture, not self-improvement.
Proud
Approved rendering: અભિમાની
Transliteration: abhimānī
Doctrine: Elders and Humility / Grace Versus Merit
Original: ὑπερήφανος
Category: Eldership
Contrasted with the humble to whom God gives grace (5:5, quoting Proverbs 3:34). A direct grace-versus-merit collision point requiring careful handling against both the Hindu karma-merit economy and Jain nirjarā self-effort.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Peter’s self-designation (1:1). Not ગુરુ — the same reasoning now extended to the new term elder (વડીલ), which must equally avoid a self-attained ગુરુ frame.
Peace
Approved rendering: શાંતિ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Greeted at letter’s opening and close (1:2; 5:14); to be actively pursued (3:11).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: anya prajāo
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: વિદેશીઓ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. In 1 Peter refers to unbelieving outsiders observing believers’ conduct (2:12) and among whom believers formerly lived in sin (4:3) — a slightly different referent than the Jew/Gentile theological pairing in Romans, but the same term applies without contradiction.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: આત્મિક કૃપાદાન
Transliteration: ātmik kṛpādān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: વરદાન, સિદ્ધિ
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. Each believer stewards God’s varied grace through such gifts (4:10).
Church
Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. NOTE: 1 Peter never uses the Greek word ἐκκλησία at all, favoring ‘house’ (see new term house_of_god), ‘flock,’ ‘brotherhood,’ and ‘people’ language instead. મંડળી may still be used in lesson commentary describing the believing community, but must never render the specific 1 Peter phrase ‘house of God’ (4:17) directly, and must never suggest a physical temple/shrine building.
Mercy
Approved rendering: દયા
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Grace Versus Merit (adjacent)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
God’s compassionate kindness, the motivating cause of the new birth (1:3). દયા is a shared ethical virtue-word across Hindu and Jain moral vocabulary (karuṇā/dayā); every occurrence must keep God as the personal, initiating subject, not an abstract virtue a soul cultivates for itself.
Guarded
Approved rendering: સુરક્ષિત રખાયેલા
Transliteration: surakṣit rakhāyelā
Doctrine: Assurance and Providence Amid Suffering
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
Continuous protective watch by God’s power, awaiting salvation’s revealing (1:5). Reinforces assurance resting in God’s ongoing action, not a self-monitored karmic ledger.
Sojourner
Approved rendering: પરદેશી / યાત્રી
Transliteration: pardeśī / yātrī
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct (Separation unto God’s Service, baseline-adjacent)
Original: παρεπίδημος
Category: Church
Believers’ present social identity as temporary residents (1:1; 2:11). Must not be read as a call to ascetic withdrawal (Jain sannyāsa) but as ordinary engaged life with a different ultimate loyalty.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: જીવતો પથ્થર
Transliteration: jīvato patthar
Doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
Christ, and by extension believers, as living building-stones (2:4-5). Keep the christological/ecclesial paradox distinct from folk-animist stone-spirit notions (e.g. પાળિયા).
Freedom
Approved rendering: સ્વતંત્રતા
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: મુક્તિ-rooted vocabulary
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Household
Liberty rightly used in service to God, not license (2:16). No root shared with મુક્તિ; not moksha-style liberation.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: નમૂનો / નમૂનારૂપ
Transliteration: namūno / namūnārūp
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Elders and Humility
Original: ὑπογραμμός / τύπος
Category: Suffering
A pattern for exact imitation (2:21, ὑπογραμμός; 5:3, τύπος, of the elder’s example). Held together with, not instead of, Christ’s substitutionary suffering.
Healed By Wound
Approved rendering: સાજા થયા
Transliteration: sājā thayā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἰάομαι
Category: Suffering
Spiritual restoration through Christ’s atoning wounds (2:24, quoting Isaiah 53:5). Not primarily physical healing — worth a translator note given faith-healing expectation in some popular Gujarati Christian contexts.
Conscience
Approved rendering: અંતઃકરણ
Transliteration: antaḥkaraṇ
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
The inner faculty of moral self-awareness before God (3:16, 21). અંતઃકરણ carries Vedantic technical weight (the ‘inner instrument’ of Sāṅkhya-Vedānta psychology); must be anchored to moral accountability before the personal God.
Noah Flood
Approved rendering: નૂહ / વહાણ (નાવ)
Transliteration: Nūh / vahāṇ (nāv)
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: Νῶε / κιβωτός
Category: Suffering
Noah and the ark (3:20), typologically connected to baptism and the disobedient spirits. Standard proper names; primary need is OT narrative background in lesson material, not term risk.
Steward
Approved rendering: કારભારી
Transliteration: kārbhārī
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts (adjacent)
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
A household manager entrusted with another’s resources; used of believers stewarding God’s varied grace (4:10).
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: પ્રભુત્વ / સત્તા
Transliteration: prabhutva / sattā
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (adjacent)
Sovereign might/dominion belonging to God (4:11; 5:11). Reuses the પ્રભુ root; keep consistent with the Lordship of Christ doctrine.
Anxiety
Approved rendering: ચિંતા
Transliteration: cintā
Doctrine: Assurance and Providence Amid Suffering
Original: μέριμνα
Category: God
To be cast upon God because he cares for believers (5:7). Reinforces the personal, caring God, not impersonal cause-and-effect.
Devil
Approved rendering: શેતાન
Transliteration: śetān
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Rejected alternatives: ભૂત-પ્રેત
Original: διάβολος
Category: Eldership
The adversary/accuser, a roaring lion seeking to devour (5:8). Must be a specific, personal, defeated-yet-still-active adversary, not conflated with the folk category of malevolent ghosts/spirits (bhoot-pret) nor an impersonal principle of cosmic evil.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: નબળું પાત્ર
Transliteration: nabaḷũ pātra
Doctrine: Household and Marital Relations
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Household
Describes the wife within the household code addressed to husbands (3:7). A gender-language handling sensitivity, not a syncretism risk; must not be taught as universal spiritual inferiority — read alongside ‘fellow heir of the grace of life’ in the same verse.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવક્તા
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: જ્યોતિષી
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. OT spokespersons who searched out the coming grace, inspired by Christ’s own Spirit (1:10-11).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવાણી
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ભવિષ્યફળ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged. God-inspired declaration of Christ’s sufferings and glories made known beforehand (1:10-12).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: સંગત
Transliteration: saṅgat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: મિત્રતા
Original: κοινωνία (root)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; unchanged root. See new term participate_in_christs_sufferings for the elevated 4:13 sense, which is Critical, not Low.
Brotherhood
Approved rendering: ભાઈચારો
Transliteration: bhāīchāro
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship (baseline-adjacent)
Original: ἀδελφότης
Category: Church
The worldwide community of believers as siblings, undergoing the same kinds of suffering (5:9). Minor risk of being read through caste/community-based fraternal categories.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તી
Transliteration: khristī
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Suffering for the Name
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
The name/identity ‘Christian’ (4:16), one of the earliest NT occurrences, originally a term of derision from outsiders. Established, no syncretism risk.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Unfading
Approved rendering: કદી ન કરમાય તેવો
Transliteration: kadī na karamāya tevo
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: અક્ષય
Original: ἀμάραντος
Category: Salvation
Describes the inheritance (1:4) and the elder’s crown of glory (5:4). Rejected અક્ષય, the term used in Hindu ritual life (e.g. Akshaya Tritiya) for merit/gain that never diminishes — an accumulated ritual/karmic asset, precisely the wrong frame for a gift received rather than earned.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસની પરખ
Transliteration: viśvāsnī parakh
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
The certified, refined authenticity of faith after testing, more precious than perishable gold (1:7). Must be kept distinct from a Jain-style self-produced spiritual attainment; the ‘proof’ is God-superintended refinement of a gift already given.
Outcome Of Faith
Approved rendering: પરિણામ
Transliteration: pariṇām
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: τέλος
Category: Salvation
The certain goal/outcome faith leads to: the salvation of souls (1:9). Context-sensitive with end_of_all_things (4:7, rendered અંત). Here must communicate a single, certain, linear destination reached once, not a stage in an ongoing cycle of lifetimes.
Bring Near Access
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની પાસે લાવવા
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī pāse lāvavā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: προσάγω
Category: Church
Christ’s purpose in suffering: to bring believers near/grant access to God (3:18). Reinforces the Holy and Royal Priesthood doctrine — direct access, not caste-restricted priestly mediation.
Antitype Baptism
Approved rendering: પ્રતિરૂપ / બાપ્તિસ્મા
Transliteration: pratirūp / bāptismā
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits / Baptism as Covenant Sign
Original: ἀντίτυπος / βάπτισμα
Category: Suffering
The flood waters as OT type, baptism as the corresponding antitype (3:21). Requires typological explanation. The accompanying clause (‘not the removal of dirt from the flesh but the appeal of a good conscience’) must never be trimmed, to prevent baptism being read as ritual physical cleansing analogous to Hindu snāna or Jain purificatory rites.
Sober Watchful
Approved rendering: સાવધ અને સ્વસ્થ
Transliteration: sāvadh ane svasth
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: સંયમ, સંયમી
Original: σωφρονέω / νήφω
Category: Suffering
Sound-minded, alert for prayer (4:7) and against the adversary (5:8). Rejected સંયમ/સંયમી, the core technical term of Jain ascetic ethics (restraint of senses/speech/mind reducing karmic influx). Using it here would frame biblical watchfulness as a self-achieved ascetic technique rather than alert readiness for God’s action.
Love
Approved rendering: પ્રેમ
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Holiness in Conduct / Mutual Love and Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ભક્તિ-framed longing, વિરહ
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
Self-giving love for the unseen Christ (1:8), for other believers (1:22; 4:8), in mutual greeting (5:14). Gujarat’s prem-bhakti devotional poetic tradition (Narsinh Mehta and successors) frames love for a deity as romantic longing (viraha) for an unseen beloved; must be taught as trusting, obedient, self-giving love flowing from Christ’s own prior sacrificial love, not devotional emotional cultivation.
Greedy For Gain
Approved rendering: અનિચ્છનીય લાભની લાલચ
Transliteration: anichchhanīy lābhnī lālach
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Eldership
Elders must not be greedy for dishonorable financial gain (5:2). A direct warning against commercializing spiritual office, relevant given the guru-dakshina economy in Hindu and some folk-Christian contexts.
Referenced passages