Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians (English → Gujarati)
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans Language Package)
These terms recur in 2 Corinthians and MUST use the exact Gujarati rendering already established. No new entries are created for these; they are cited here only to confirm coverage.
| English Term | Gujarati (reused) | Risk | Key 2 Corinthians Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | સુવાર્તા | High | 2:12; 4:3-4; 9:13; 11:4,7 |
| grace | કૃપા | Critical | 1:2,12; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,6,7,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 |
| faith | વિશ્વાસ | High | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5 |
| righteousness | ન્યાયીપણું | Critical | 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 |
| imputed_righteousness | આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું | Critical | 5:19,21 |
| salvation | ઉદ્ધાર | Critical | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 |
| apostle | પ્રેરિત | Medium | 1:1; 8:23; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 |
| called / calling | તેડાયેલા / તેડું | High | 1:1 |
| holy | પવિત્ર | High | 1:1; 7:1; 11:2; 13:12 |
| saints | પવિત્ર જનો | High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 |
| sanctification | પવિત્રીકરણ | High | 7:1 (conceptual); cf. 3:18 transformation |
| glory | મહિમા | High | 1:20; 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6,15,17; 8:19,23 |
| church | મંડળી | Medium | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 |
| covenant | કરાર | High | 3:6,14 (base term; see New Covenant, Section B) |
| thanksgiving | આભારસ્તુતિ | Low | 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-12 |
| fellowship | સંગત | Low→Medium (context-elevated in ch. 8, 13) | 6:14; 8:4; 13:14 |
| power_of_god | પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય / સામર્થ્ય | High→Critical (12:9) | 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 |
| god | પરમેશ્વર | Critical | throughout |
| jesus | ઈસુ | Critical | throughout |
| lord | પ્રભુ | Critical | throughout |
| holy_spirit | પવિત્ર આત્મા | Critical | 1:22; 3:3,6,8,17-18; 5:5; 13:14 |
| father | પિતા | Critical | 1:3; 6:18 |
| sin | પાપ | High | 5:19,21; 11:7; 12:21 |
| exhort | પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું (encouragement sense) / વિનંતી કરવી (entreaty sense) | Low | 1:4; 2:7-8; 5:20; 7:6-7,13; 9:5; 10:1; 12:18; 13:11 |
| resurrection | પુનરુત્થાન | Critical | 4:14; 5:15 |
| christian_identity_in_christ (“in Christ”) | ખ્રિસ્તમાં | High | 5:17,19; 2:14,17; 12:19 |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians
All entries below follow the same schema as bible_term_registry.json and are proposed for formal addition to the Language Package at Phase 1 Step 9.
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Gujarati Rendering | Gujarati Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reconciliation | καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω | katallagē / katallassō | સમાધાન | samādhān | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | none viable — flagged as best-available with mandatory disambiguation | Must be distinguished at every occurrence from Jain/Hindu સમાધિ (samādhi — meditative trance; also loosely associated with Jain ascetic fasting-death, sallekhana/santhara). Must also be taught as God’s unilateral initiative toward hostile humanity, not a mutual settlement between equal parties as in ordinary legal/commercial Gujarati usage. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence. |
| 2 | New Creation | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | નવી સૃષ્ટિ | navī sṛṣṭi | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17; cf. Gal 6:15 | નવો જન્મ (new birth — too close to rebirth/reincarnation associations) | સૃષ્ટિ evokes Hindu cyclical creation-dissolution cosmology (sṛṣṭi–pralaya) and is entirely foreign to Jain cosmology, which denies any creator and any beginning to the universe. Every occurrence requires explicit framing as a one-time, non-cyclical, divinely-accomplished new beginning presupposing a personal Creator. Human theologian review mandatory. |
| 3 | Comfort | παράκλησις / παρακαλέω | paraklēsis / parakaleō | દિલાસો | dilāso | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:3-7; 7:6-7,13 | મનની શાંતિ (inner tranquility — risks conflation with Jain/Hindu meditative equanimity) | Comfort must be shown flowing from a personal, presently-engaged God through affliction, not detached ascetic equanimity achieved by withdrawal from suffering. |
| 4 | Affliction / Suffering | θλῖψις | thlipsis | સંકટ | sankaṭ | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:4,8; 2:4; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2,13 | ક્લેશ (kleśa — Jain/Yogic technical term for karma-binding mental afflictions) | ક્લેશ NEVER permitted — it names a self-generated karmic category in Jain doctrine, the opposite of externally-endured suffering met by God’s comfort. |
| 5 | Guarantee / Pledge (of the Spirit) | ἀρραβών | arrabōn | બાનું | bānũ | High | Assurance / Adoption (cf. baseline) | 1:22; 5:5 | વરદાન (a deity’s boon — implies conditional favor) | Commercial down-payment image: God’s own guarantee of certain future inheritance, not a revocable spiritual attainment contingent on further merit. |
| 6 | Sincerity | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια | haplotēs / eilikrineia | નિખાલસતા | nikhālastā | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 2:17; 11:3 | ધર્મનિષ્ઠા (religious devotion/piety — reads as performed devotion, the opposite of the transparency intended) | Contrasts transparent, unadorned integrity against impressive religious showmanship — a live risk given prominent itinerant guru/teacher culture in Gujarat. |
| 7 | Peddling the Word | καπηλεύω | kapēleuō | પરમેશ્વરના વચનનો વેપાર કરવો | Parmeśvarnā vachanno vepār karvo | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority / Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 2:17 | none | Commercial metaphor resonates strongly in Gujarat’s trade culture; ensure exploitative sense is unmistakable. |
| 8 | New Covenant | διαθήκη καινή | diathēkē kainē | નવો કરાર | navo karār | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6,14 | none (કરાર is baseline-established) | Requires explicit two-covenant historical framing (Mosaic vs. new); builds on baseline’s કરાર (Davidic Covenant, High). |
| 9 | Letter and Spirit | γράμμα / πνεῦμα | gramma / pneuma | અક્ષર / આત્મા | akṣar / ātmā | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | ધર્મગ્રંથ (scripture — wrong register; refers to the whole text, not “letter” as external code) | Contrast is law-as-lifeless-external-code vs. Spirit-given inward life, not a disparagement of Scripture itself; pair carefully with baseline નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (never ધર્મ). |
| 10 | Veil | κάλυμμα | kalymma | પડદો | paḍdo | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:13-16 | none | Straightforward image; low collision risk. |
| 11 | Transformed | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | રૂપાંતર થવું | rūpāntar thavũ | High | Sanctification (extension) | 3:18 | પ્રગટ થવું (revealing — implies the soul’s nature was already perfect and merely uncovered, the Jain framework) | Must be Spirit-worked, externally-agented, progressive change toward Christ’s image, not self-effort uncovering an already-pure inner nature. |
| 12 | Image (of God/Christ) | εἰκών | eikōn | સ્વરૂપ | svarūp | CRITICAL | Deity of Christ / Christian Identity in Christ | 3:18; 4:4 | પ્રતિમા (idol/statue — FORBIDDEN) | NEVER પ્રતિમા — the standard Gujarati word for a physical cult-image/idol in Hindu and Jain (Tirthankara) temple worship. Using it would reframe Christ as a venerated statue rather than God’s living self-revelation. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence. |
| 13 | Treasure in Jars of Clay | θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | thēsauros en ostrakinois skeuesin | માટીનાં પાત્રોમાં ખજાનો | māṭīnā̃ pātromā̃ khajāno | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Power in Weakness | 4:7 | none | Vivid low-collision image; anticipates ch.12’s Power in Weakness doctrine. |
| 14 | Judgment Seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | bēma tou Christou | ખ્રિસ્તનું ન્યાયાસન | Khristnũ Nyāyāsan | High | Assurance / Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:10 | કર્મનું ફળ (fruit of karma — impersonal cause-effect) | Personal evaluation by the living, reigning Lord, not automatic karmic accounting (contrast with e.g. the Chitragupta-ledger folk tradition and Jain karma-particle bookkeeping). |
| 15 | Temple of the Living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | naos theou zōntos | જીવતા પરમેશ્વરનું મંદિર (pending; see note) | jīvatā Parmeśvarnũ mandir | CRITICAL | Sanctification / Church as God’s People | 6:16 | પરમેશ્વરનું નિવાસસ્થાન (safer alternative — dwelling place of God, loses temple-echo) | UNRESOLVED pending theologian decision: baseline forbids મંદિર for ekklēsia (church), but ναός here is Paul’s own deliberate temple-metaphor. Risk either way; flag for mandatory human theologian review before Phase 2. |
| 16 | Unequally Yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω | heterozygeō | અસમાન રીતે જોડાવું | asamān rīte joḍāvũ | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority (separation) | 6:14 | none | Agricultural metaphor; low collision. |
| 17 | Beliar (name for Satan) | Βελίαρ | Beliar | બલિયાર | Baliyār | Low-Medium | (Spiritual Warfare, supporting) | 6:15 | none | Transliterated proper name; requires brief explanatory gloss. |
| 18 | Godly Sorrow | λύπη κατὰ θεόν | lypē kata theon | પરમેશ્વર પ્રમાણેનું દુઃખ | Parmeśvar pramāṇenũ dukh | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority (repentance) | 7:9-10 | સામાન્ય પસ્તાવો (generic regret — too weak) | Must be shown as producing life-giving repentance, not mere remorse or despair (λύπη τοῦ κόσμου, “worldly sorrow,” produces death — 7:10). |
| 19 | Repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | પસ્તાવો | pastāvo | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority (repentance) | 7:9-10 | પ્રતિક્રમણ (Jain ritual atonement recitation — FORBIDDEN) | NEVER પ્રતિક્રમણ — the fixed liturgical daily-confession formula central to Jain practice in Gujarat. Biblical repentance is Spirit-worked inward reorientation toward a personal God, not a recitation performed to offset karmic fault. Human theologian review recommended. |
| 20 | Equality (in giving) | ἰσότης | isotēs | સમાનતા | samānatā | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | none | Fair mutual balance, not identical amounts; low collision. |
| 21 | Grace-Giving (extended sense of grace) | χάρις (in giving contexts) | charis | કૃપા (reused) | kṛpā | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:1-9; 9:8,14 | પુણ્યદાન (merit-generating donation — FORBIDDEN sense) | Giving is fruit of grace already received, never reframed as merit-accumulating charity (a live risk given Gujarat’s strong tradition of Jain philanthropic giving as merit-practice). |
| 22 | Cheerful Giver | ἱλαρὸς δότης | hilaros dotēs | ખુશીથી આપનાર | khuśīthī āpnār | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | ફરજિયાત દાન (obligatory donation) | Manner of giving (glad, free) is doctrinally significant, not merely the amount. |
| 23 | Sufficiency / Contentment | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | સંતોષ | santoṣ | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:8 | વૈરાગ્ય (ascetic detachment/dispassion — Jain/Hindu self-cultivated virtue) | Sufficiency here is God’s gracious provision received, not detachment achieved through the giver’s own ascetic discipline. |
| 24 | Authority (apostolic) | ἐξουσία | exousia | અધિકાર | adhikār | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 10:8; 13:10 | ગુરુપદ (guru-status/rank — implies attained spiritual rank) | Derivative authority granted by Christ for building up the church, never self-asserted rank or attainment-based status. |
| 25 | Meekness and Gentleness (of Christ) | πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια | prautēs kai epieikeia | નમ્રતા અને સૌમ્યતા | namratā ane saumyatā | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 10:1 | અહિંસા (ahimsa — a self-disciplined non-violence virtue, differently grounded) | Strength held under control after Christ’s own pattern, not a self-cultivated ascetic virtue. |
| 26 | Boasting (positive: in the Lord) | καύχησις / καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ | kauchēsis / kauchaomai en Kyriō | ગૌરવ (લેવું) | gaurav (levũ) | Medium | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 10:17; 11:16-30; 12:1,5,9 | none | Positive, Lord-directed sense; context-sensitive — see #27 for negative sense. |
| 27 | Boasting (negative: self-commendation) | καύχημα / συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν | kauchēma / synistēmi heauton | બડાઈ (મારવી) | baḍāī (mārvī) | Medium-High | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 5:12; 10:12,18; 11:18 | ગૌરવ (reserve for positive sense only) | Self-promoting boast contrasted with legitimate boasting in the Lord (#26); consistent disambiguation required across the curriculum. |
| 28 | False Apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι | pseudapostoloi | જૂઠા પ્રેરિતો | jūṭhā prerito | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | none (built on baseline પ્રેરિત) | Elevated above baseline apostle (Medium) because the genuine/counterfeit contrast is itself doctrinally central; must convey deliberate deception. |
| 29 | Disguised as (an angel of light) | μετασχηματίζω | metaschēmatizō | ઢોંગ કરવો / રૂપ બદલવું | ḍhoṅg karvo / rūp badalvũ | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13-15 | none | Outward transformation masking unchanged inner reality; warns against judging authority by impressive appearance. |
| 30 | Angel (messenger) | ἄγγελος | angelos | દૂત | dūt | Medium-High | Genuine versus False Apostleship (supporting) | 11:14; 12:7 | દેવદૂત (FORBIDDEN compound — “dev” root risks Hindu deity/demigod association) | Use દૂત alone; never compound with દેવ. |
| 31 | Betrothed Purity (pure virgin) | παρθένος ἁγνή | parthenos hagnē | પવિત્ર કુંવારી | pavitra kũvārī | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship (church fidelity) | 11:2 | none | Covenant-fidelity imagery (church betrothed to Christ), not literal marital instruction. |
| 32 | Thorn in the Flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | શરીરમાં કાંટો | śarīrmā̃ kā̃ṭo | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | none | Persistent, God-permitted affliction preventing pride. |
| 33 | Weakness | ἀσθένεια | astheneia | નબળાઈ | nabaḷāī | High | Power in Weakness | 11:29-30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4,9 | none | Load-bearing doctrinal inversion (God’s power displayed in weakness, not overcome by self-discipline); runs counter to both yogic self-mastery and Jain ascetic willpower (tapa) ideals. Human theologian review recommended. |
| 34 | Power Perfected in Weakness | δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται | dynamis en astheneia teleitai | સામર્થ્ય નબળાઈમાં પૂર્ણ થાય છે | sāmarthya nabaḷāīmā̃ pūrṇa thāy chhe | CRITICAL | Power in Weakness | 12:9 | શક્તિ (FORBIDDEN — Shakti/goddess-power association) | Pairs baseline કૃપા (grace, Critical) with સામર્થ્ય (never શક્તિ, per baseline power_of_god convention). Treat with the same cross-document consistency priority as Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10. |
| 35 | Super-Apostles (ironic) | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | hyperlian apostoloi | અતિ મોટા પ્રેરિતો | ati moṭā prerito | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | none | Sarcastic label for rivals; irony must be preserved in translation and study notes. |
| 36 | Signs, Wonders, and Mighty Works | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις | sēmeia kai terata kai dynameis | ચિહ્નો, આશ્ચર્યકર્મો અને પરાક્રમો | chihno, āścharyakarmo ane parākramo | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 12:12 | સિદ્ધિ (siddhi — self-attained yogic/ascetic supernatural power, FORBIDDEN sense) | Attestations of a divine commission, never evidence of the apostle’s own spiritual mastery. |
| 37 | Self-Examination / Testing | δοκιμάζω / πειράζω (ἑαυτούς) | dokimazō / peirazō (heautous) | પોતાની પરીક્ષા કરવી | potānī parīkṣā karvī | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 13:5 | none | Applies the genuine/counterfeit test to the readers themselves. |
| 38 | Disqualified / Failing the Test | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | અયોગ્ય ઠરેલા | ayogya ṭharelā | Medium-High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 13:5-7 | none | Sobering possibility of failing self-examination. |
| 39 | Trinitarian Benediction | χάρις / ἀγάπη / κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος | charis / agapē / koinōnia tou hagiou Pneumatos | કૃપા, પ્રેમ, પવિત્ર આત્માની સંગત | kṛpā, prem, Pavitra Ātmānī saṅgat | CRITICAL | (Trinitarian doctrine, cross-cutting) | 13:14 | none | Converges three baseline Critical/High terms in one verse; render with absolute cross-document consistency, per baseline’s own priority given to Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10. |
| 40 | Fear of the Lord (apostolic motive) | φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου | phobos tou Kyriou | પ્રભુનો ડર / પ્રભુનો ભય | Prabhuno ḍar / Prabhuno bhay | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority / Assurance | 5:11; 7:1 | none | Reverent accountability before the living, reigning Lord, not servile terror or appeasement of an impersonal karmic ledger. |
| 41 | Trespass (distinct from sin) | παράπτωμα | paraptōma | અપરાધ | aparādh | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | none | Kept distinct from baseline’s primary પાપ (sin); moral debt God chooses not to charge, not impersonal karmic residue. |
| 42 | Not Counting / Not Imputing (negative ledger) | λογίζομαι (μὴ λογιζόμενος) | logizomai | ગણવું નહિ / ખાતામાં નોંધવું નહિ | gaṇavũ nahi / khātāmā̃ noṅdhavũ nahi | CRITICAL | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | none | Mirror image of baseline’s imputed_righteousness ledger-logic (આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું), applied here to sin not charged. |
| 43 | Made [to be] Sin (the great exchange) | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | hamartian epoiēsen | પાપ બનાવ્યા / તેમના પર પાપ મૂક્યું | pāp banāvyā / temnā par pāp mūkyũ | CRITICAL | Reconciliation with God | 5:21 | none viable — requires explanatory framing every occurrence | Forensic imputation of sin’s guilt/penalty to Christ, NOT an ontological claim that Christ became morally sinful. Mandatory translator’s note at first use. |
| 44 | Ambassador | πρεσβεύω | presbeuō | એલચી | elchī | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:20 | none | Delegated diplomatic representation on behalf of a sovereign; low religious-collision risk. |
| 45 | Ministry of Reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς | diakonia tēs katallagēs | સમાધાનની સેવા | samādhānnī sevā | High | Reconciliation with God | 5:18 | none | Inherits the Critical સમાધાન risk cluster (#1); also flag સેવા’s devotional-service resonance. |
Risk Summary (2 Corinthians New Terms, Section B)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 15 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 3 | Human theologian (recommended) |
| Medium | 17 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 2 | Native speaker review |
Total new terms cataloged: 45 (plus 25 baseline terms reused exactly, Section A) Total requiring mandatory human theologian review: 25 Flagged for explicit Phase 1 Step 9 theologian resolution before Phase 2 begins: #1 (Reconciliation/સમાધાન vs. સમાધિ collision), #2 (New Creation/સૃષ્ટિ cosmological framing), #12 (Image/eikōn — never પ્રતિમા), #15 (Temple of the Living God — મંદિર question UNRESOLVED), #19 (Repentance vs. Jain પ્રતિક્રમણ), #34 (Power Perfected in Weakness — cross-document consistency verse), #39 (Trinitarian Benediction — cross-document consistency verse), #43 (Made to be Sin — mandatory translator’s note).
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 1 Step 9 (Language Package finalization) and before any Phase 2 segment translation for 2 Corinthians curriculum materials.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians occurs at 1:2,12; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,6,7,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14. Extended usage in chs. 8-9 (giving) and 12:9 (power in weakness) must retain the unmerited-favor sense without dilution into merit-generating charity (see grace_in_giving) or achieved spiritual attainment (see power_perfected_in_weakness). Never નિર્જરા or પુણ્ય.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Central to 2 Corinthians 5:21’s ‘great exchange’ (occurs also 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15). Never ધર્મ or સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય. Forensic standing granted by God, not self-achieved conduct.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: āropit nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: સ્વ-પ્રયત્નથી મેળવેલ ન્યાયીપણું
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (root logizomai, applied here to 2 Cor 5:19,21)
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. 2 Corinthians 5:19,21 is the fullest statement of this doctrine in the book: sin is imputed to Christ exactly as righteousness is imputed to believers, ‘in him.’ Pairs with new terms not_imputing_sin and made_to_be_sin below.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:6; 6:2; 7:10. NEVER મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, or સિદ્ધત્વ.
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs throughout, notably 1:3; 5:18-21; 13:14. Never ભગવાન or ઈશ્વર.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs throughout. Never ઈસા (Muslim/Urdu usage).
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 4:5; 5:10-11; 10:17-18; 13:14. Grounds new terms fear_of_the_lord and judgment_seat_of_christ below (5:10-11).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:22; 3:3,6,8,17-18; 5:5; 13:14. Never પરમાત્મા or બ્રહ્મ. Central to guarantee_of_the_spirit, letter_and_spirit, and trinitarian_benediction below.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 4:14; 5:15, grounding the Resurrection Hope in Suffering doctrine. Never પુનર્જન્મ; also distinguish from Jain karma-particle transmigration.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: સમાધાન
Transliteration: samādhān
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: સમાધિ (Jain/Hindu meditative trance; loosely linked to Jain fasting-death, sallekhana/santhara), ordinary commercial/legal સમાધાન sense of mutual settlement between equals
Original: καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs 2 Corinthians 5:18-20 (core passage). Best-available Gujarati rendering; no viable alternative exists. Must be distinguished at every occurrence from સમાધિ (phonetic/conceptual collision) and taught as God’s unilateral initiative toward hostile humanity, never a mutual settlement negotiated between equally responsible parties. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence. Highest-risk term in this curriculum (see 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md rank #1).
New Creation
Approved rendering: નવી સૃષ્ટિ
Transliteration: navī sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: નવો જન્મ (new birth — too close to rebirth/reincarnation)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs 2 Corinthians 5:17 (core passage; cf. Gal 6:15). સૃષ્ટિ evokes Hindu cyclical sṛṣṭi-pralaya cosmology and is entirely foreign to Jain cosmology (no creator, no beginning). Every occurrence requires explicit one-time, non-cyclical, personal-Creator framing. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: સ્વરૂપ
Transliteration: svarūp
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as the Image of God
Rejected alternatives: પ્રતિમા (idol/cult-statue — FORBIDDEN)
Original: εἰκών
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Occurs 3:18; 4:4. NEVER પ્રતિમા — the standard Gujarati word for a physical idol/statue in Hindu and Jain (including Tirthankara) temple worship. Using પ્રતિમા would catastrophically reframe Christ as a venerated cult-image rather than God’s living, exact self-revelation. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence — assessed as the single highest catastrophic-misunderstanding-potential term in this curriculum for the Gujarat destination culture.
Temple Of The Living God
Approved rendering: જીવતા પરમેશ્વરનું મંદિર
Transliteration: jīvatā Parmeśvarnũ mandir
Doctrine: The Church as the Temple of the Living God
Rejected alternatives: પરમેશ્વરનું નિવાસસ્થાન (dwelling place of God — considered, loses Paul’s deliberate temple-echo; rejected as final choice)
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
NEW TERM — RESOLVED at Phase 1 Step 9 (previously flagged UNRESOLVED in prior artifacts). Occurs 6:16. Decision: retain the temple-echo (મંદિર) rather than the safer paraphrase, using the SAME best-available-term-with-mandatory-fencing method already applied to reconciliation (સમાધાન) and new_creation (નવી સૃષ્ટિ) above, for methodological consistency. This is Paul’s own deliberate temple metaphor for the corporate community of believers, DISTINCT from the baseline’s separate, still-binding prohibition of મંદિર for ekklēsia (church) generally — see the church entry above. Every occurrence requires a mandatory teaching note making explicit that all believers, corporately and without mediating ritual specialists, constitute this dwelling place, in contrast to Hindu mandirs and Jain derasars, which house a consecrated image accessed through priestly/ritual practice. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Power Perfected In Weakness
Approved rendering: સામર્થ્ય નબળાઈમાં પૂર્ણ થાય છે
Transliteration: sāmarthya nabaḷāīmā̃ pūrṇa thāy chhe
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ (FORBIDDEN — Shakti/goddess-power association, Ambaji tradition)
Original: ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW TERM. Occurs 12:9. Full clause: ‘મારી કૃપા તારે માટે પૂરતી છે, કેમ કે મારું સામર્થ્ય નબળાઈમાં પૂર્ણ થાય છે.’ Pairs baseline કૃપા (Critical) with સામર્થ્ય (never શક્તિ). Treat with the SAME cross-document consistency priority the baseline gives Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10. Doctrinal center of this letter.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્તની કૃપા, પરમેશ્વરનો પ્રેમ અને પવિત્ર આત્માની સંગત
Transliteration: Prabhu Īsu Khristnī kṛpā, Parmeśvarno prem ane Pavitra Ātmānī saṅgat
Doctrine: The Trinitarian Benediction
Rejected alternatives: any diminished-Trinity gloss (as circulated in some non-Trinitarian source material), trimurti-style analogy (theologically incompatible — distinct beings, not one God in three Persons)
Original: χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
NEW TERM. Occurs 13:14. Converges three baseline Critical/High terms (કૃપા, પ્રભુ/ઈસુ/ખ્રિસ્ત, પરમેશ્વર, પવિત્ર આત્માની સંગત) naming all three Persons distinctly and personally. Render with the SAME absolute cross-document consistency the baseline requires for Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10.
Not Imputing Sin
Approved rendering: ગણવું નહિ
Transliteration: gaṇavũ nahi
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος (τὰ παραπτώματα)
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:19. Mirror image of baseline’s imputed_righteousness ledger logic (આરોપિત ન્યાયીપણું), applied here to sin not charged. Must not collapse into simple ‘forgiveness’ language, which loses the forensic ledger-in-reverse sense.
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ બનાવ્યા
Transliteration: pāp banāvyā
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:21 (core passage; the ‘great exchange’). Forensic imputation of sin’s guilt/penalty to Christ, NOT an ontological claim that Christ became morally sinful — a christological heresy if misread. Mandatory human theologian review AND an explicit translator’s note at first use, since no existing Gujarati translation surveyed resolves this ambiguity on its own.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians occurs at 2:12; 4:3-4; 9:13; 11:4,7. Must convey the single authoritative announcement of salvation through the crucified and risen Christ, not generic good news or a religious teaching among others.
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited exactly from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians occurs at 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5. Personal trust in Christ specifically, not devotional reverence (bhakti/shraddha) toward any chosen deity or Tirthankara.
Called
Approved rendering: તેડાયેલા
Transliteration: tedāyelā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આમંત્રિત
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 2 Corinthians 1:1 (apostleship sense).
Calling
Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 2 Corinthians 1:1.
Holy
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1; 7:1; 11:2; 13:12. Never શુદ્ધ (ritual purity).
Saints
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર જનો
Transliteration: pavitra jano
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: સંતો, મુનિ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Frequent in the Jerusalem-collection passages (1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12) referring to the whole believing community, never an ascetic elite (સંતો/મુનિ).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: પવિત્રીકરણ
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધિકરણ, તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 7:1; conceptually developed via transformed_into_christs_image (3:18). Never તપ (ascetic austerity).
Glory
Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Heavily used in 2 Corinthians 3-4 (1:20; 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6,15,17; 8:19,23) regarding the glory of the new covenant and of Christ. Avoid light-only imagery that could merge with Hindu divine-light or Jain kevala-jnana associations.
Covenant
Approved rendering: કરાર
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: સમજૂતી
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Base term qualified in 2 Corinthians 3:6,14 as new_covenant (see below), contrasted explicitly with the Mosaic covenant.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 4:7; 6:7; 13:4. Never શક્તિ (Ambaji Shakti/goddess-power association). 12:9’s specific pairing of this power with grace, perfected in weakness, is tracked as its own Critical entry (power_perfected_in_weakness) because of its doctrinal density; the base term remains High per baseline.
Father
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3; 6:18.
Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 5:19,21; 11:7; 12:21. Kept distinct from the narrower new term trespass (παράπτωμα) below; both appear in 5:19-21’s reconciliation argument.
In Christ
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તમાં
Transliteration: Khristmā̃
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
Corresponds to baseline Romans doctrine ‘christian_identity_in_christ’ (High); no separate lexical entry existed in the Romans TM but the doctrine and rendering are fully inherited. Occurs at 2:14,17; 5:17,19; 12:19. Identity located in union with Christ, not caste, community, or self-attained spiritual status.
Comfort
Approved rendering: દિલાસો
Transliteration: dilāso
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ (inner tranquility — risks conflation with Jain/Hindu meditative equanimity)
Original: παράκλησις / παρακαλέω
Category: Ministry
NEW TERM. Occurs 1:3-7; 7:6-7,13. Comfort must flow from a personal, presently-engaged God through affliction, not detached ascetic equanimity achieved by withdrawal. Distinct from the encouragement/entreaty sense of the same verb-family already tracked under baseline exhort; disambiguate by context.
Guarantee Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: બાનું
Transliteration: bānũ
Doctrine: Assurance through the Spirit’s Guarantee
Rejected alternatives: વરદાન (a deity’s boon — implies conditional favor)
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Assurance
NEW TERM. Occurs 1:22; 5:5. Commercial down-payment image; must be clear this is God’s own irrevocable pledge of certain future inheritance, not a provisional or revocable spiritual attainment forfeitable through insufficient future effort.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: નિખાલસતા
Transliteration: nikhālastā
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મનિષ્ઠા (religious devotion/piety — reads as performed devotion)
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 1:12; 2:17; 11:3. Contrasts transparent, unadorned integrity against impressive religious showmanship, a live risk given prominent itinerant guru/teacher culture in Gujarat.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: નવો કરાર
Transliteration: navo karār
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη καινή
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Builds on baseline કરાર (High). Occurs 3:6,14. CAUTION: નવો કરાર is also the standard Gujarati title for the New Testament as a book collection; readers may reflexively read 3:6/3:14 as referring to the book rather than the covenant relationship. Mandatory study note distinguishing the two senses at every occurrence. Requires explicit two-covenant (Mosaic vs. new) historical framing.
Letter And Spirit
Approved rendering: અક્ષર / આત્મા
Transliteration: akṣar / ātmā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મગ્રંથ (scripture — wrong register)
Original: γράμμα / πνεῦμα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Occurs 3:6. Must not read as disparaging Scripture itself; contrast is law-as-external-code without the Spirit vs. Spirit-given inward life. Pair carefully with baseline નિયમશાસ્ત્ર (never ધર્મ). Caution: આત્મા here risks being read as a vague impersonal spirit rather than the third Person of the Trinity; disambiguate from પવિત્ર આત્મા usage nearby.
Transformed Into Christs Image
Approved rendering: રૂપાંતર થવું
Transliteration: rūpāntar thavũ
Doctrine: Transformation into Christ’s Image (Sanctification)
Rejected alternatives: પ્રગટ થવું (revealing — implies the soul’s nature was already perfect and merely uncovered, the Jain framework)
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs 3:18. Must be Spirit-worked, externally-agented, progressive change toward Christ’s image, not the soul’s already-perfect nature merely uncovered through self-effort (Jain karma-obscuration-removal framework).
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તનું ન્યાયાસન
Transliteration: Khristnũ Nyāyāsan
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ
Rejected alternatives: કર્મનું ફળ (fruit of karma — impersonal cause-effect)
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:10. Personal evaluation by the living, reigning Lord, not automatic karmic accounting; explicitly distinguish from the Chitragupta-ledger folk tradition and Jain karma-particle bookkeeping.
Godly Sorrow
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર પ્રમાણેનું દુઃખ
Transliteration: Parmeśvar pramāṇenũ dukh
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: સામાન્ય પસ્તાવો (generic regret — too weak)
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Repentance
NEW TERM. Occurs 7:9-10. Must be shown as producing life-giving repentance, distinguished from mere remorse or despair (worldly sorrow, which produces death).
Repentance
Approved rendering: પસ્તાવો
Transliteration: pastāvo
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: પ્રતિક્રમણ (Jain fixed liturgical daily-confession recitation — FORBIDDEN)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Repentance
NEW TERM. Occurs 7:9-10. NEVER પ્રતિક્રમણ — the recitation-based Jain daily-confession formula central to Gujarat’s Jain community. Biblical repentance is Spirit-worked inward reorientation toward a personal God, not a formula offsetting karmic fault. Human theologian review recommended.
Grace In Giving
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: પુણ્યદાન (merit-generating donation — FORBIDDEN sense)
Original: χάρις (in giving contexts)
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (extension of baseline કૃપા to giving contexts). Occurs 8:1-9; 9:8,14. Giving is fruit of grace already received, never reframed as merit-accumulating charity — a serious live risk given Gujarat’s strong tradition of Jain philanthropic giving (dāna) as merit-practice.
Apostolic Authority
Approved rendering: અધિકાર
Transliteration: adhikār
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુપદ (guru-status/rank — implies attained spiritual rank)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 10:8; 13:10. Derivative authority granted by Christ for building up the church, never self-asserted rank or attainment-based status — the guru-hierarchy pattern familiar from Swaminarayan bhakti and Jain monastic structures.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: જૂઠા પ્રેરિતો
Transliteration: jūṭhā prerito
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Built on baseline પ્રેરિત (Medium). Occurs 11:13. Elevated in risk because the genuine/counterfeit contrast is doctrinally central, directly relevant given the many self-appointed gurus active in Gujarat’s religious marketplace; must convey deliberate deception, not honest error.
Disguised As Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: ઢોંગ કરવો / રૂપ બદલવું
Transliteration: ḍhoṅg karvo / rūp badalvũ
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and the Disguise of False Light
Original: μετασχηματίζω (εἰς ἀγγέλους φωτός)
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 11:13-15. Outward transformation masking unchanged inner reality; warns against judging spiritual authority by impressive outward appearance alone.
Weakness
Approved rendering: નબળાઈ
Transliteration: nabaḷāī
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW TERM. Occurs 11:29-30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4,9. Load-bearing doctrinal inversion (God’s power displayed precisely in weakness, not overcome by self-discipline); runs directly counter to both yogic self-mastery and Jain ascetic willpower (tapa) ideals. Human theologian review recommended.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુનો ડર
Transliteration: Prabhuno ḍar
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:11; 7:1. Reverent accountability before the living, reigning Lord (પ્રભુ, Critical), not servile terror or appeasement of an impersonal karmic ledger.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: સમાધાનની સેવા
Transliteration: samādhānnī sevā
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:18. Inherits the Critical સમાધાન risk cluster; also note સેવા’s resonance with Hindu/Jain devotional ‘seva’ — must be clear this is a specific commissioned task of proclamation, not generic religious service.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1; 8:23; 11:5,13; 12:11-12. Root for the new terms false_apostles and super_apostles below, both elevated in risk because 2 Corinthians makes the genuine/counterfeit contrast doctrinally central.
Church
Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13. Never મંદિર or દેરાસર for ekklēsia. NOTE: this prohibition governs ekklēsia specifically and does NOT extend to Paul’s separate temple metaphor (ναός) at 6:16 — see temple_of_the_living_god below, a distinct, resolved entry.
Affliction
Approved rendering: સંકટ
Transliteration: sankaṭ
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ક્લેશ (Yogic/Jain technical term for karma-binding mental afflictions — FORBIDDEN)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Ministry
NEW TERM. Occurs 1:4,8; 2:4; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2,13. NEVER ક્લેશ — would falsely suggest suffering is self-generated karmic residue rather than external hardship met by God’s comfort.
Peddling The Word
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરના વચનનો વેપાર કરવો
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnā vachanno vepār karvo
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καπηλεύω
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 2:17. Commercial metaphor resonates strongly in Gujarat’s trade culture; ensure the exploitative, profiteering sense is unmistakable, not read as neutral paid ministry.
Conscience
Approved rendering: અંતઃકરણ
Transliteration: antaḥkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: અંતરાત્મા (inner-self/ātman-adjacent — risks Hindu ātman association)
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 1:12; 4:2; 5:11. Prefer અંતઃકરણ, the more neutrally psychological term, over અંતરાત્મા.
Veil
Approved rendering: પડદો
Transliteration: paḍdo
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Occurs 3:13-16. Low collision; straightforward image of the covering removed ‘in Christ.‘
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: માટીનાં પાત્રોમાં ખજાનો
Transliteration: māṭīnā̃ pātromā̃ khajāno
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Ministry
NEW TERM. Occurs 4:7. Vivid, low-collision image; reinforces that human fragility is the intended display case for divine power, anticipating Power in Weakness (ch.12).
Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: અનંતકાળનો મહિમાનો ભાર
Transliteration: anantkāḷno mahimāno bhār
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: God
NEW TERM. Occurs 4:17. Builds on baseline મહિમા (glory, High).
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: અસમાન રીતે જોડાવું
Transliteration: asamān rīte joḍāvũ
Doctrine: Transformation into Christ’s Image (Sanctification)
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs 6:14. Agricultural image (cf. Deut 22:10); low collision. Separation-unto-God imagery here, not ascetic renunciation (Jain sannyasa/diksha).
Equality In Giving
Approved rendering: સમાનતા
Transliteration: samānatā
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
NEW TERM. Occurs 8:13-14. Equitable balance, not identical amounts; low collision.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: ખુશીથી આપનાર
Transliteration: khuśīthī āpnār
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: ફરજિયાત દાન (obligatory donation)
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Giving
NEW TERM. Occurs 9:7. Manner of giving (glad, free) is doctrinally significant, not merely the amount given.
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: સંતોષ
Transliteration: santoṣ
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: વૈરાગ્ય (ascetic detachment/dispassion — Jain/Hindu self-cultivated virtue)
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Giving
NEW TERM. Occurs 9:8. Sufficiency is God’s gracious provision received, not detachment achieved through the giver’s own ascetic discipline.
Meekness And Gentleness Of Christ
Approved rendering: નમ્રતા અને સૌમ્યતા
Transliteration: namratā ane saumyatā
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: અહિંસા (ahimsa — self-disciplined non-violence virtue, differently grounded)
Original: πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 10:1. Strength held under control after Christ’s own pattern, not a self-cultivated ascetic non-violence discipline.
Boasting In The Lord
Approved rendering: ગૌરવ
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: καύχησις / καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Positive, Lord-directed sense of καυχάομαι. Occurs 5:12; 10:17; 11:16-30; 12:1,5,9. Reserve ગૌરવ strictly for this positive sense; see boasting_self_commendation for the negative sense. Consistent disambiguation required across the whole curriculum.
Betrothed Purity
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર કુંવારી
Transliteration: pavitra kũvārī
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Occurs 11:2. Covenant-fidelity imagery (church betrothed to Christ), not literal marital instruction. Reuses baseline પવિત્ર (holy, High).
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: શરીરમાં કાંટો
Transliteration: śarīrmā̃ kā̃ṭo
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW TERM. Occurs 12:7. Persistent, God-permitted affliction preventing pride; low-collision concrete image.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: અતિ મોટા પ્રેરિતો
Transliteration: ati moṭā prerito
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 11:5; 12:11. Sarcastic label for rivals; the irony must survive translation — a flat literal rendering risks sounding like a sincere honorific.
Signs Wonders And Mighty Works
Approved rendering: ચિહ્નો, આશ્ચર્યકર્મો અને પરાક્રમો
Transliteration: chihno, āścharyakarmo ane parākramo
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: સિદ્ધિ (self-attained yogic/ascetic supernatural power — FORBIDDEN sense)
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 12:12. Attestations of a divine commission, never evidence of the apostle’s own spiritual mastery.
Self Examination
Approved rendering: પોતાની પરીક્ષા કરવી
Transliteration: potānī parīkṣā karvī
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Genuine Faith
Original: δοκιμάζω / πειράζω (ἑαυτούς)
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 13:5. Applies the genuine/counterfeit test of the whole letter back onto the readers themselves.
Trespass
Approved rendering: અપરાધ
Transliteration: aparādh
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:19. Kept distinct from baseline’s primary પાપ (sin); a moral debt God chooses not to charge, not impersonal karmic residue.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: એલચી
Transliteration: elchī
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 5:20. Low religious-collision risk (draws on secular/diplomatic vocabulary). Ensure delegated authority acting on behalf of a sovereign (not self-appointed spokesperson) is clear.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: આભારસ્તુતિ
Transliteration: ābhārstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-12. Minor risk of being read as ritual devotional-exchange gratitude; standard vocabulary otherwise.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: સંગત
Transliteration: saṅgat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: મિત્રતા
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 6:14; 8:4; 13:14. Elevated doctrinal weight (though baseline risk tier remains Low) at 8:4 (shared participation in the Jerusalem collection) and 13:14 (fellowship of the Holy Spirit, Trinitarian benediction) — review alongside generosity_and_grace_in_giving and trinitarian_benediction doctrines.
Exhort
Approved rendering: પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું
Transliteration: protsāhan āpavũ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited exactly from Romans package. Occurs at 1:4; 2:7-8; 5:20; 7:6-7,13; 9:5; 10:1; 12:18; 13:11. Context-sensitive: વિનંતી કરવી for entreaty, પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું for encouragement. The related noun paraklēsis is tracked separately as the new term comfort below due to its distinct doctrinal weight in chapters 1 and 7.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Beliar
Approved rendering: બલિયાર
Transliteration: Baliyār
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and the Disguise of False Light
Original: Βελίαρ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM. Occurs 6:15. Transliterated proper title for Satan; requires a brief explanatory gloss as otherwise unfamiliar in Gujarati.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Boasting Self Commendation
Approved rendering: બડાઈ
Transliteration: baḍāī
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગૌરવ (reserve for positive sense only)
Original: καύχημα / συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Negative, self-promoting sense. Occurs 5:12; 10:12,18; 11:18. Must not sound like humble self-introduction; carries negative self-promotion connotation.
Angel
Approved rendering: દૂત
Transliteration: dūt
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and the Disguise of False Light
Rejected alternatives: દેવદૂત (FORBIDDEN compound — ‘dev’ root risks Hindu deity/demigod association)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM. Occurs 11:14; 12:7. Use દૂત alone; never compound with દેવ.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: અયોગ્ય ઠરેલા
Transliteration: ayogya ṭharelā
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Genuine Faith
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs 13:5-7. Names the sobering possibility of failing self-examination; must not suggest a karmic failing grade rather than a call to genuine faith.
Referenced passages