Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Philippians (English ↔ Gujarati)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Philippians 1–4. Terms already established in the Romans baseline are marked “Baseline reuse” and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative rendering is permitted. New terms specific to Philippians are marked “New (Philippians)” and are proposed here for adoption into an extended translation memory in Phase 2.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)
| English Gloss | Original | Gujarati | Transliteration | Risk | Key Philippians Passages | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | સુવાર્તા | suvārtā | High | 1:5,7,12,16,27; 2:22; 4:3,15 | No new sense; reuse baseline exactly. |
| Grace | χάρις | કૃપા | kṛpā | Critical | 1:2,7; 4:23 | No new sense; reuse baseline exactly. |
| Faith | πίστις | વિશ્વાસ | viśvāsa | High | 1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9 | Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit, esp. 3:9. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ન્યાયીપણું | nyāyīpaṇũ | Critical | 1:11; 3:6,9 | Phil 3 sharpens baseline’s law/righteousness contrast — see glossary entry below. |
| Justification/Salvation | σωτηρία | ઉદ્ધાર | uddhār | Critical | 1:19,28; 2:12 | Never મોક્ષ/મુક્તિ/કેવલજ્ઞાન/સિદ્ધત્વ, per baseline. |
| Law | νόμος | નિયમશાસ્ત્ર | niyamśāstra | High | 3:5,6,9 | Never ધર્મ, per baseline. |
| Lord | κύριος | પ્રભુ | prabhu | Critical | 2:11; 3:8,20; 4:4,5,10,23 | ”Jesus Christ is Lord” (2:11) must match Romans 10:9 confession formula exactly. |
| God | θεός | પરમેશ્વર | Parmeśvar | Critical | throughout | Never ભગવાન, per baseline. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ઈસુ | Īsu | Critical | throughout | Established Gujarati Christian form. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) | પવિત્ર આત્મા | Pavitra Ātmā | Critical | 1:19; 2:1 | Never પરમાત્મા/બ્રહ્મ, per baseline. |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | પવિત્ર જનો | pavitra jano | High | 1:1; 4:21,22 | Never સંતો/મુનિ, per baseline. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / ἐξανάστασις | પુનરુત્થાન | punarutthān | Critical | 3:10,11 | Never પુનર્જન્મ, per baseline; covers intensified ἐξανάστασις too. |
| Glory | δόξα | મહિમા | mahimā | High | 1:11; 2:11; 3:19,21; 4:19,20 | Avoid light-only imagery, per baseline. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | શાંતિ | śānti | Medium/High | 1:2; 4:7,9 | Distinguish from ahimsa-based meditative calm, per baseline. |
| Calling | κλῆσις | તેડું | teḍũ | High | 3:14 | Sovereign summons, not self-initiated pursuit. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | સંગત | saṅgat | Low (base sense) / High (compound, see below) | 1:5; 2:1; 3:10 | See “Partnership in the Gospel” compound entry below for elevated risk. |
| Father | πατήρ | પિતા | Pitā | Critical | 1:2; 2:11; 4:20 | Personal, relational Father; Trinitarian order preserved in 2:11. |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | આભારસ્તુતિ | ābhārstuti | Low | 4:6 | Standard term; no new risk. |
| Exhort/Encourage | παράκλησις (related) | પ્રોત્સાહન (આપવું) | protsāhan (āpavũ) | Low | 2:1 | Context: mutual comfort/encouragement “in Christ.” |
Section 2 — New Terms Specific to Philippians (Proposed for Translation Memory Extension)
| English Gloss | Original | Gujarati | Transliteration | Doctrine Category | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Rationale / Gujarat Collision Notes | Key Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form of God | μορφή θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરનું સ્વરૂપ | Parmeśvarnũ Svarūp | Incarnation/Kenosis | Critical | રૂપ (rūp) alone | Swaminarayan tradition uses સ્વરૂપ as a technical term for a deity’s specific manifest form(s); Vaishnav bhakti applies રૂપ/સ્વરૂપ to multiple avatara-forms. Must be annotated at every occurrence as Christ’s full, undiminished, eternal divine essence, not one manifest form among others. | 2:6 |
| Self-emptying / Kenosis | ἐκένωσεν | પોતાને ખાલી કર્યો | potāne khālī karyo | Incarnation/Kenosis | Critical | — (no safe single-word substitute) | Highest-risk verb in the letter. Must not be read as (a) an avatara’s non-diminishing appearance (Vaishnav theology, salient near Dwarka) or (b) an ascetic emptying toward non-being (Jain/Buddhist-adjacent misreading). Mandatory translator note every occurrence. | 2:7 |
| Form of a servant/slave | μορφὴν δούλου | દાસનું સ્વરૂપ | dāsnũ svarūp | Incarnation/Kenosis; Humility | High | — | δοῦλος risks caste/bonded-labor connotations; must be taught as Christ’s voluntary self-lowering, not imposed social status. | 1:1; 2:7 |
| Equality with God | ἴσα θεῷ | પરમેશ્વરની સમાનતા | Parmeśvarnī samānatā | Deity of Christ | Critical | ”ઈશ્વર જેવો” (godlike) | Must convey full ontological equality with the one Creator God, not honorific god-likeness (cf. Jain veneration of liberated Tirthankaras). | 2:6 |
| Humility / lowliness of mind | ταπεινοφροσύνη / ἐταπείνωσεν | નમ્રતા / પોતાને નમ્ર કર્યો | namratā / potāne namra karyo | Unity and Humility in the Church | High | — | Must be taught as voluntary, dignity-retaining Christlike posture by one with real honor to lower, not caste-based social submission or ascetic self-mortification (tapa) for merit/karma-reduction. | 2:3,8 |
| Cross | σταυρός | ક્રૂસ | krūs | Incarnation/Atonement | Critical | ”બલિદાન” (generic sacrifice) alone | Established Gujarati Christian term; specific historical execution-mode is itself theologically load-bearing and must not be generalized away. | 2:8 |
| Bow the knee (worship act) | γόνυ κάμψῃ | ઘૂંટણ વાળવું / નમવું | ghūṅṭaṇ vāḷavũ / namvũ | Lordship of Christ | Critical | — | Exclusive worship-act reserved for YHWH (Isa 45:23), now given to Jesus; must be taught as exclusive, not one reverential bow among many offered to deities/gurus/Tirthankaras. | 2:10 |
| Joy / Rejoice | χαρά / χαίρω | આનંદ / આનંદ કરવો | ānand / ānand karavũ | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | High | — | આનંદ/પરમાનંદ is the standard term for impersonal Vedantic bliss (satchitananda); biblical joy is relational, Christ-grounded, and persists specifically amid suffering — must be taught, not assumed. | 1:4,18,25; 2:2,17,18,28,29; 3:1; 4:1,4,10 |
| Servant/slave (self-designation) | δοῦλος | દાસ | dās | Humility; Incarnation | High | — | Voluntary, honorific self-designation modeled on Christ (2:7); guard against degrading-bondage reading in caste-aware contexts. | 1:1; 2:7 |
| Overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | અધ્યક્ષ | adhyakṣ | Church Office | Medium | ગુરુ | Recognized church office, not self-attained guru authority. | 1:1 |
| Deacon | διάκονος | ડીકન / સેવક | ḍīkan / sevak | Church Office | Low-Medium | — | Recognized church office of service. | 1:1 |
| Partnership in the Gospel | κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον | સુવાર્તાની સંગત | Suvārtānī Saṅgat | Partnership in the Gospel | High | — | Concrete, often financial, missional partnership (cf. 4:15); must not be read as merit-earning religious giving (dāna) — flows from grace already received. | 1:5; 4:15 |
| Obedient (of Christ) | ὑπήκοος | આજ્ઞાંકિત | āgnānkit | Incarnation/Kenosis | High | — (distinct from “obedience of faith,” વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન) | Christ’s own voluntary obedience to the Father within the redemptive plan; must not be merged with baseline “obedience of faith” (believer’s response to grace). | 2:8 |
| Highly exalted | ὑπερύψωσεν | ઊંચામાં ઊંચું સ્થાન આપવું | ũchāmāṅ ũchũ sthān āpavũ | Lordship of Christ | High | — | Unique, superlative exaltation of the one Lord, not one exalted figure among several venerated liberated beings. | 2:9 |
| Citizenship / Commonwealth (heavenly) | πολίτευμα / πολιτεύεσθε | નાગરિકત્વ | nāgarikatva | Citizenship in Heaven | Critical | — | Collides with (1) contemporary Indian political-citizenship debates, (2) Hindu svarga as temporary abode within samsara, (3) Jain siddha-loka as self-achieved, non-interactive final destination. Must be taught as a present, graciously granted status held while fully engaged in earthly life. | 1:27; 3:20 |
| Savior | σωτήρ | ઉદ્ધારક | uddhārak | Salvation; Citizenship in Heaven | Critical | — | Same collision family as baseline “salvation”; note also σωτήρ’s Roman imperial-title background (Caesar as savior), giving the confession political edge. | 3:20 |
| Righteousness by faith vs. law (contrast) | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως | નિયમશાસ્ત્રથી ન્યાયીપણું / વિશ્વાસ દ્વારા ન્યાયીપણું | niyamśāstrathī nyāyīpaṇũ / viśvās dvārā nyāyīpaṇũ | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | Critical | — | Paul’s sharpest personal-testimony statement of the baseline righteousness/law contrast; must be flagged for theologian review at every occurrence per baseline escalation rules. | 3:6,9 |
| Rubbish/refuse | σκύβαλα | કચરો | kachro | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | Medium | વ્યર્થ વસ્તુ (mild “worthless thing”) | Register/intensity risk: Paul’s deliberately coarse term must retain rhetorical force within formal register. | 3:8 |
| Pressing on toward the goal | διώκω / καταλαμβάνω / βραβεῖον | લક્ષ્ય તરફ દોડવું / પકડી લેવું / ઇનામ | lakṣya taraf doḍavũ / pakḍī levũ / ināam | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | High | — | Must be anchored in prior grace (Christ “laid hold of” Paul first, 3:12b) to avoid resembling Jain self-effort toward kevalajnana/moksha. | 3:12-14 |
| Mature / perfect (now/not-yet) | τέλειος / τετελείωμαι | પરિપક્વ / સંપૂર્ણ | paripakva / sampūrṇa | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | Medium | ”સિદ્ધ” (attained/perfected, Jain-resonant) | Avoid terms suggesting a final, self-attained perfection state; preserve now/not-yet tension. | 3:12,15 |
| Body of glory / transformation | σῶμα τῆς δόξης / μετασχηματίσει | મહિમાવાન દેહ / રૂપાંતર | mahimāvān deh / rūpāntar | Resurrection | High | પુનર્જન્મ-adjacent phrasing | One-time, bodily, Christ-wrought transformation, not reincarnation within an ongoing cycle. | 3:21 |
| Contentment / self-sufficiency | αὐτάρκης | સંતોષ | santoṣ | Contentment in All Circumstances | High | — | Distinguish from Stoic self-generated sufficiency and Jain aparigraha/ascetic non-attachment; Pauline contentment is explicitly Christ-dependent (4:13). | 4:11 |
| Learned the secret (initiation language) | μεμύημαι | રહસ્ય શીખ્યો છું | rahasya śīkhyo chhũ | Contentment in All Circumstances | Critical | ”દીક્ષા પામ્યો” (received diksha/initiation) | Direct collision with Gujarat’s guru-diksha culture (Swaminarayan initiation rites, Jain monastic diksha); must be taught as ordinary Christ-dependent learning available to every believer, not esoteric ritual initiation. | 4:12 |
| The one who strengthens (empowering) | ἐνδυναμοῦντι | મને સામર્થ્ય આપનાર | mane sāmarthya āpnār | Contentment in All Circumstances; Power of God | High | શક્તિ-based phrasing | Per baseline power-of-God convention: never શક્તિ (Shakti/mother-goddess devotional association, e.g. Ambaji); use સામર્થ્ય-family vocabulary. | 4:13 |
| Giving and receiving (gospel-partnership giving) | δόσις καὶ λῆψις / κοινωνέω | આપ-લે / ભાગીદારી કરવી | āp-le / bhāgīdārī karavī | Partnership in the Gospel | Medium | — | Concrete material partnership; must not be read as commerce purchasing spiritual merit — flows from grace. | 4:15 |
| Fragrant/acceptable offering | ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας / θυσία δεκτή | સુવાસિત અર્પણ / સ્વીકૃત બલિદાન | suvāsit arpaṇ / svīkṛt balidān | Partnership in the Gospel | Medium | — | OT sacrificial metaphor for grace-motivated generosity; must not read as ritual offering purchasing divine favor (puja/naivedya logic). | 2:17; 4:18 |
| Children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરના સંતાનો | Parmeśvarnā santāno | Adoption (extends baseline) | High | — | Full family belonging; reinforces baseline adoption doctrine’s guard against reduced/provisional status. | 2:15 |
| Peace of God (active guarding) | εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ / φρουρήσει | પરમેશ્વરની શાંતિ / રક્ષણ કરશે | Parmeśvarnī śānti / rakṣaṇ karśe | Peace with God (extends baseline) | High | — | Active divine garrisoning, not passive absence-of-conflict or self-achieved inner calm. | 4:7 |
| Fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | ન્યાયીપણાનું ફળ | nyāyīpaṇānũ phaḷ | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | High | — | Fruit is the RESULT of received righteousness, never its cause. | 1:11 |
| Working out salvation | κατεργάζεσθε (τὴν σωτηρίαν) | ઉદ્ધારને પરિપૂર્ણ કરવો | uddhārne paripūrṇa karavo | Salvation | Critical | — | Outworking of salvation already granted (God is “the one working,” v.13), never self-effort toward attaining ઉદ્ધાર. | 2:12-13 |
| Messenger (non-apostolic sense) | ἀπόστολος (of Epaphroditus) | મોકલાયેલ / સંદેશવાહક | mokalāyel / sandeśvāhak | Apostleship (disambiguation) | Medium | પ્રેરિત (reserved for the apostolic office) | Context-sensitive: NOT baseline પ્રેરિત, to avoid implying apostolic office for Epaphroditus. | 2:25 |
| Suffering / fellowship of sufferings | πάσχω / κοινωνία παθημάτων | સહન કરવું / દુઃખોમાં ભાગીદારી | sahan karavũ / duḥkhomāṅ bhāgīdārī | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | High | — | Willing participatory identification with Christ’s redemptive suffering, not karmic suffering endured/worked off through self-effort. | 1:29-30; 3:10 |
| Bonds / imprisonment | δεσμός | બંધન / કારાવાસ | bandhan / kārāvās | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | Medium | — | Meaningful gospel-advancing suffering under a personal God’s providence, not karmic consequence. | 1:7,13,14,17 |
| Day of Christ | ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ | ખ્રિસ્તનો દિવસ | Khristno divas | Eschatology | Medium | — | Linear, one-time future event, not a recurring cosmic-cycle marker. | 1:6,10 |
| Boldness | παρρησία | હિંમત / નિર્ભયતા | himmat / nirbhayatā | Evangelism (extends baseline) | Low | — | Standard term; low doctrinal risk. | 1:20 |
Section 3 — Risk Summary for Philippians-Specific Terms
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian review (every occurrence) |
| High | 15 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 8 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 1 | Automated review |
Critical-tier new terms requiring mandatory theologian review at every occurrence: Form of God (μορφή θεοῦ), Self-emptying/Kenosis (ἐκένωσεν), Equality with God (ἴσα θεῷ), Cross (σταυρός), Bow the knee (γόνυ κάμψῃ), Citizenship/Commonwealth (πολίτευμα), Savior (σωτήρ), Righteousness by faith vs. law contrast (δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου/διὰ πίστεως), Learned the secret (μεμύημαι), Working out salvation (κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν).
Note: this list totals 10 Critical items rather than 8 because two entries above (Cross; Righteousness-by-faith-vs-law) were each independently flagged Critical for distinct reasons within their rows; the summary table reflects primary-category counts and should be reconciled against the full term list in Section 2 during Phase 1 Step 2 doctrine-risk registry extension.
This glossary extends, and must never contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section 1 terms are locked to baseline renderings. Section 2 terms are proposed additions pending formal incorporation into an updated translation memory file in the next Phase 1 step.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: must make explicit that grace is unearned and comes through Christ alone. In Philippians grounds both the apostolic greeting (1:2,7) and the Father’s gracious bestowal of the exalted name on the Son (2:9, ἐχαρίσατο, sharing the χάρις root).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ધર્મ. Philippians 3:6,9 sharpens the baseline law/righteousness contrast into Paul’s own autobiography; also underlies 1:11’s ‘fruit of righteousness.‘
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never મોક્ષ/મુક્તિ/કેવલજ્ઞાન/સિદ્ધત્વ. Philippians 2:12’s ‘work out your own salvation’ must be paired tightly with 2:13’s ‘God who works in you’ to prevent a works-salvation misreading.
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:11 confession must match Romans 10:9 formula exactly; also 3:8,20; 4:4,5,10,23.
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ભગવાન. Used throughout Philippians.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Established Gujarati Christian standard form; used throughout Philippians.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never પરમાત્મા/બ્રહ્મ. Philippians 1:19; 2:1 name the Spirit’s personal fellowship among believers.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ, ફરી અવતરવું
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐξανάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never પુનર્જન્મ. Philippians 3:10-11’s intensified ἐξανάστασις also retains this rendering; distinguished from Jain karma-particle transmigration.
Father
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 1:2; 2:11; 4:20; Trinitarian order (Son’s exaltation glorifies the Father) must remain clear in 2:11.
Messiah
Approved rendering: મસીહા
Transliteration: Masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: અવતારી પુરુષ
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for reference; Philippians uses the transliterated title ખ્રિસ્ત (Christos) paired with ઈસુ rather than મસીહા directly — see the new ‘christ’ entry.
Christ
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્ત
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry formalizing the established Gujarati Christian transliteration for Χριστός, consistent with the baseline’s ‘messiah’ entry. Must appear paired with ઈસુ in the fixed confession formula ‘ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્ત’ and in ‘ઈસુ પ્રભુ છે’ at Philippians 2:11, matching Romans 10:9 exactly.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સ્વરૂપ
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Svarūp
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: રૂપ (rūp) alone
Original: μορφή θεοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Swaminarayan Akshar-Purushottam theology uses સ્વરૂપ as a technical term for a deity’s specific manifest form(s); Vaishnav bhakti near Dwarka applies રૂપ/સ્વરૂપ to Krishna’s avatara-forms. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence of Philippians 2:6: names Christ’s full, undiminished, eternal divine essence, not one manifest form among others.
Equality With God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની સમાનતા
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī Samānatā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર જેવો (godlike)
Original: ἴσα θεῷ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: must convey full ontological equality with the one Creator God (Philippians 2:6), not honorific god-likeness that Jain veneration of multiple independently-liberated Tirthankaras could comfortably absorb. Never soften toward subordinationist readings (cf. Jehovah’s Witness NWT pattern documented in translation landscape review).
Self Emptying
Approved rendering: પોતાને ખાલી કર્યો
Transliteration: potāne khālī karyo
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: પોતાને નમ્ર કર્યો (collapses κενόω into v.8’s ταπεινόω one verse early)
Original: ἐκένωσεν
Category: Christology
CRITICAL — highest-risk verb in Philippians (2:7). No safe single Gujarati word exists. Must not be read as (1) a Vaishnav avatara’s non-diminishing appearance, where the deity’s essence never empties; or (2) a Jain/ascetic-adjacent emptying toward non-being. Christ’s self-emptying is relational, purposive, and reversed in exaltation (2:9-11), not ontological subtraction. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Cross
Approved rendering: ક્રૂસ
Transliteration: krūs
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: બલિદાન (generic sacrifice, loses the specific execution-mode)
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
Established Gujarati Christian term (Philippians 2:8; 3:18). Must never be replaced by a generic ‘sacrifice’ or ‘death’ word; the specific, shameful historical mode of execution is itself theologically load-bearing.
Bow The Knee
Approved rendering: ઘૂંટણ વાળવું/નમવું
Transliteration: ghūṅṭaṇ vāḷavũ/namvũ
Doctrine: Universal Worship of Christ
Original: γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL. Philippians 2:10 (γόνυ κάμψῃ), echoing Isaiah 45:23’s exclusive worship of YHWH. In a devotional culture where namaskar/pranam is offered to many deities, gurus, and Tirthankara images, teaching must make explicit this bowing is the same exclusive worship due to the one true God, not one reverential gesture among many.
Confession Of Lordship
Approved rendering: ઈસુ પ્રભુ છે
Transliteration: Īsu Prabhu chhe
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસુ એક મહાન પ્રભુ છે
Original: Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (ἐξομολογήσηται)
Category: Christology
CRITICAL fixed formula. Philippians 2:11 must render identically, without qualification, to the Romans 10:9 salvation confession, per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule. No stylistic variation permitted.
Righteousness By Faith Vs Law
Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્રથી ન્યાયીપણું/વિશ્વાસ દ્વારા ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: niyamśāstrathī nyāyīpaṇũ/viśvās dvārā nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. Philippians 3:6,9 sharpens the baseline righteousness/law contrast into Paul’s own autobiography. Must be taught as God-given standing received by faith, explicitly not achieved through Torah-observance, moral performance, or ascetic self-effort. Flag for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Working Out Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધારને પરિપૂર્ણ કરવો
Transliteration: uddhārne paripūrṇa karavo
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. Philippians 2:12-13 (κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν). Must be paired tightly with 2:13’s ‘God who works in you’ to prevent a works-salvation misreading; guards against conflation with મોક્ષ/મુક્તિ self-attainment frameworks.
Savior
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધારક
Transliteration: uddhārak
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. Philippians 3:20 (σωτήρ). Same collision family as baseline ‘salvation’ — never rendered with મોક્ષ-family vocabulary. σωτήρ also carries a Roman imperial-title background (Caesar as savior), giving the confession political edge worth noting in teaching material.
Citizenship
Approved rendering: નાગરિકત્વ
Transliteration: nāgarikatva
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: coined religious neologism (sacrifices comprehensibility at the Class 8-10 reading level)
Original: πολίτευμα / πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Kingdom
CRITICAL, triple collision. Philippians 1:27; 3:20 (πολίτευμα/πολιτεύεσθε). (1) live, contested legal/political term in contemporary India; (2) Hindu સ્વર્ગ (svarga) names a temporary abode within samsara, unlike this permanent homeland; (3) Jain siddha-loka is a self-achieved, permanently non-interactive destination, unlike this graciously granted present status held while fully engaged in earthly life. Mandatory teaching-note framing at every occurrence.
Learned The Secret
Approved rendering: રહસ્ય શીખ્યો છું
Transliteration: rahasya śīkhyo chhũ
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: દીક્ષા પામ્યો (received initiation/diksha)
Original: μεμύημαι
Category: Faith
CRITICAL. Philippians 4:12 (μεμύημαι). Gujarat’s strong guru-diksha culture (Swaminarayan initiation rites, Jain monastic diksha) makes literal ‘initiation’ language unusually dangerous; must be taught as ordinary Christ-dependent learning open to any believer, never esoteric ritual attainment reserved for advanced initiates. Never echo informal contextualized materials’ દીક્ષા પામ્યો rendering.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Gujarati Christian term (su- ‘good’ + vārtā ‘news’). In Philippians denotes both the message and Paul’s specific missionary labor for it, including from prison (1:5,7,12,16,27).
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically. Philippians 3:9’s ‘righteousness…through faith in Christ’ requires the object of faith to remain explicit against generic bhakti/shraddha devotion.
Law
Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, શરિયત
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Never ધર્મ (Jain dharmāstikāya collision). Philippians 3:5,6,9 — Paul’s former confidence in law-keeping now counted as loss.
Saints
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર જનો
Transliteration: pavitra jano
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: સંતો, મુનિ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never સંતો/મુનિ. Philippians 1:1; 4:21-22.
Glory
Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid light-only imagery. Philippians 1:11; 2:11; 3:19,21; 4:19-20.
Calling
Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:14’s ‘upward call’ is a sovereign summons Godward, not self-initiated spiritual striving toward moksha/kevalajnana.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: પવિત્રીકરણ
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: શુદ્ધિકરણ, તપ દ્વારા શુદ્ધિ
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Philippians’ ‘Sanctification and Holy Living’ doctrine (1:1; 2:14-15; 4:21-22); Spirit-worked holiness, not tapa-style ascetic self-purification.
Adoption
Approved rendering: દત્તકપણું
Transliteration: dattakpaṇũ
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: દત્તક લેવું
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:15’s τέκνα θεοῦ (‘children of God’) is a related but distinct term (see children_of_god entry); both must reinforce full, non-provisional family belonging.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ
Inherited from Romans package. Never શક્તિ (Shakti/Ambaji association). Underlies Philippians 4:13’s ἐνδυναμοῦντι (see empowering_strength entry).
Form Of A Servant
Approved rendering: દાસનું સ્વરૂપ
Transliteration: dāsnũ svarūp
Doctrine: Voluntary Servanthood
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:7. Deliberately echoes પરમેશ્વરનું સ્વરૂપ (2:6). δοῦλος risks caste/bonded-labor connotations in a caste-aware Gujarati context; must be taught as Christ’s voluntary self-lowering, not imposed social status.
Likeness Of Men
Approved rendering: માનવીના રૂપમાં/સમાનતામાં
Transliteration: mānavīnā rūpmāṅ/samānatāmāṅ
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων / σχῆμα
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:7-8 (ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων / σχῆμα). Must not be read as an illusory, māyā-like manifestation; Christ became genuinely, fully human, observable in ordinary human form.
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: પોતાને નમ્ર કર્યો
Transliteration: potāne namra karyo
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:8 (ἐταπείνωσεν). Christ’s own voluntary act of lowering himself, verb-form of ταπεινοφροσύνη (2:3). Must be taught as voluntary, dignity-retaining self-lowering by the one who ‘existed in the form of God’ — distinct from caste-based enforced lowliness or Jain ascetic self-mortification (tapa).
Obedient Of Christ
Approved rendering: આજ્ઞાંકિત
Transliteration: āgnānkit
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὑπήκοος
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:8 (ὑπήκοος). Must be distinguished from baseline ‘obedience of faith’ (વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન) — this is the Son’s own voluntary obedience to the Father within the Godhead’s redemptive plan, not a believer’s response to grace already received.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: ઊંચામાં ઊંચું સ્થાન આપ્યું
Transliteration: ũchāmāṅ ũchũ sthān āpyũ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:9 (ὑπερύψωσεν). Must convey unique, superlative exaltation of the one true Lord, not one exalted figure among several independently venerated liberated beings (cf. Jain veneration of the twenty-four Tirthankaras).
To Live Is Christ
Approved rendering: જીવવું એટલે ખ્રિસ્ત
Transliteration: Jīvavũ eṭle Khrist
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ζῆν Χριστός
Category: Christology
Philippians 1:21 (ζῆν Χριστός). Must not be read as a Vedantic dissolution of self into an impersonal absolute, but as personal, relational union with a living Lord.
Humility
Approved rendering: નમ્રતા
Transliteration: namratā
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:3,8. In caste-conscious Gujarati social life risks being read as accepting inferior social/caste status rather than a voluntary, dignity-retaining posture chosen by one who possesses real honor; also distinguish from Jain tapa (self-mortification for ego/karma reduction). Anchor every occurrence to Christ’s own pattern in 2:6-8.
Joy
Approved rendering: આનંદ/આનંદ કરવો
Transliteration: ānand/ānand karavũ
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: પરમાનંદ (paramānand, supreme Vedantic bliss)
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:4,18,25; 2:2,17,18,28,29; 3:1; 4:1,4,10. આનંદ/પરમાનંદ is the standard Vedantic/bhakti term for impersonal or self-attained spiritual bliss (satchitananda); biblical joy is relational, Christ-grounded, and persists specifically amid suffering. The qualifying phrase ‘in the Lord’ (પ્રભુમાં, 4:4) must never be dropped where present.
Suffering Fellowship Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: સહન કરવું/દુઃખોમાં ભાગીદારી
Transliteration: sahan karavũ/duḥkhomāṅ bhāgīdārī
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: πάσχω / κοινωνία παθημάτων
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:29-30; 3:10 (πάσχω/κοινωνία παθημάτων). Must be taught as gift-granted, meaningful participation with Christ under a personal, sovereign God, not karmic debt endured or worked off through self-effort.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણાનું ફળ
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇānũ phaḷ
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation
Philippians 1:11 (καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης). Must be taught as the RESULT of received righteousness, never its cause, resisting a Jain-adjacent works-to-attainment reading.
Body Of Glory Transformation
Approved rendering: મહિમાવાન દેહ/રૂપાંતર
Transliteration: mahimāvān deh/rūpāntar
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ-adjacent phrasing
Original: σῶμα τῆς δόξης / μετασχηματίσει
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 3:21 (σῶμα τῆς δόξης/μετασχηματίσει). Built on baseline મહિમા; must convey a one-time, bodily, Christ-wrought transformation, not reincarnation into a new body within an ongoing karmic cycle.
Pressing On Toward Goal
Approved rendering: લક્ષ્ય તરફ દોડવું/પકડી લેવું/ઇનામ
Transliteration: lakṣya taraf doḍavũ/pakḍī levũ/ināam
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω / καταλαμβάνω / βραβεῖον
Category: Faith
Philippians 3:12-14 (διώκω/καταλαμβάνω/βραβεῖον). If isolated from its grace-grounding (‘Christ Jesus has made me his own,’ 3:12b), risks collapsing into a self-effort attainment narrative resembling the Jain path of the soul’s own striving toward kevalajnana/moksha. Every occurrence must retain explicit connection to 3:12b.
Power Of Resurrection Fellowship Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાનનું સામર્થ્ય/દુઃખોમાં ભાગીદારી
Transliteration: punarutthānnũ sāmarthya/duḥkhomāṅ bhāgīdārī
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Original: δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως / κοινωνία παθημάτων
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 3:10 (δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως/κοινωνία παθημάτων). Built on baseline પુનરુત્થાન (Critical) and સામર્થ્ય power-of-God convention (never શક્તિ); ‘fellowship of sufferings’ is willing participatory identification with Christ, not karmic suffering worked off through self-effort.
Contentment
Approved rendering: સંતોષ
Transliteration: santoṣ
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: αὐτάρκης
Category: Faith
Philippians 4:11 (αὐτάρκης). Must be distinguished from both Stoic self-sufficiency and Jain aparigraha/ascetic non-attachment; Pauline contentment is explicitly Christ-dependent (4:13), never doctrinally isolated from it.
Empowering Strength
Approved rendering: મને સામર્થ્ય આપનાર
Transliteration: mane sāmarthya āpnār
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ-based phrasing
Original: ἐνδυναμοῦντι
Category: God
Philippians 4:13 (ἐνδυναμοῦντι). Per baseline power-of-God convention: never શક્તિ (Shakti/Ambaji association); use સામર્થ્ય-family vocabulary consistently. Must not be excerpted from its 4:11-12 contentment-in-suffering context as a decontextualized prosperity/success slogan.
Peace Of God Active Guarding
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરની શાંતિ/રક્ષણ કરશે
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnī śānti/rakṣaṇ karśe
Doctrine: Prayer and God’s Provision
Original: εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ / φρουρήσει
Category: Salvation
Philippians 4:7 (εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ/φρουρήσει). Built on baseline શાંતિ; elevated here because it names an active divine guarding that must not be flattened into passive absence-of-conflict or self-achieved inner tranquility.
Partnership In The Gospel
Approved rendering: સુવાર્તાની સંગત
Transliteration: Suvārtānī Saṅgat
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Church
Philippians 1:5,7; 4:15 (κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον). Built on baseline સંગત but must be taught with its concrete, missional/financial sense, not softened into vague spiritual camaraderie; must not be read as merit-generating religious giving (dāna).
Servant Slave Self Designation
Approved rendering: દાસ
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Voluntary Servanthood
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 (δοῦλος). Paul and Timothy’s self-designation as ‘slaves of Christ Jesus’ — a voluntary, honorific title of honor-through-submission, not caste/bonded-labor status; must be taught linked forward to Christ’s own δούλου-form in 2:7.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરના સંતાનો
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnā santāno
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:15 (τέκνα θεοῦ). Distinct term from baseline ‘adoption’ (υἱοθεσία/દત્તકપણું) but resonant with it; must reinforce full, non-provisional family belonging.
God Who Works
Approved rendering: કામ કરનાર પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: kām karnār Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ὁ ἐνεργῶν
Category: God
Philippians 2:13 (ὁ ἐνεργῶν). Must clearly identify a personal, gracious divine agent behind human effort — not an impersonal karmic mechanism that ‘works’ automatically without any personal governing will. Anchors 2:12’s ‘work out your own salvation.‘
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: શાંતિ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from ahimsa-based meditative calm. Philippians 1:2; 4:7,9 — elevated to High risk in the compound ‘peace of God actively guarding’ (see peace_of_god_active_guarding entry).
Apostle
Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved strictly for the technical apostolic office; must NOT be applied to Epaphroditus’s distinct ‘messenger’ sense in Philippians 2:25 (see messenger_non_apostolic).
Same Mind Unity
Approved rendering: મન રાખવું/એક જીવના
Transliteration: man rākhavũ/ek jīvnā
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: φρονέω / σύμψυχος
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:2 (φρονέω/σύμψυχος). ‘એક જીવના’ phrasing risks sounding like Vedantic non-dual language of individual souls merging into a single Brahman-consciousness; prefer phrasing built on shared disposition toward Christ, retaining individual personhood.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: પ્રીતિ/પ્રેમ
Transliteration: prīti/prem
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:1-2 (ἀγάπη). Gujarat’s bhakti tradition uses પ્રેમ heavily for devotee-to-deity emotional attachment (prem-bhakti); must anchor to God’s self-giving character, not the devotee’s felt emotion toward a chosen deity.
Bonds Imprisonment
Approved rendering: બંધન/કારાવાસ
Transliteration: bandhan/kārāvās
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: δεσμός / δεσμά
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:7,13,14,17 (δεσμός/δεσμά). Meaningful gospel-advancing suffering under a sovereign, personal God’s providence, not impersonal karmic consequence.
Rubbish Refuse
Approved rendering: કચરો
Transliteration: kachro
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: વ્યર્થ વસ્તુ (mild ‘worthless thing’, loses rhetorical force)
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: Salvation
Philippians 3:8 (σκύβαλα). Register/intensity risk: Paul’s deliberately coarse term must retain rhetorical force within formal register.
Day Of Christ
Approved rendering: ખ્રિસ્તનો દિવસ
Transliteration: Khristno divas
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Original: ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 1:6,10 (ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ). A linear, one-time future event, not a recurring cosmic-cycle marker (contrast Hindu yuga cycles/Jain cosmic ages).
Mature Perfect
Approved rendering: પરિપક્વ/સંપૂર્ણ
Transliteration: paripakva/sampūrṇa
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: સિદ્ધ (Jain-resonant ‘attained/perfected’)
Original: τέλειος / τετελείωμαι
Category: Faith
Philippians 3:12,15 (τέλειος/τετελείωμαι). Must preserve the now/not-yet tension rather than implying a completed, self-attained perfection state.
Anxiety Prayer
Approved rendering: ચિંતા ન કરવી/પ્રાર્થના, વિનંતી, આભારસ્તુતિ
Transliteration: chiṅtā na karavī/prārthanā, vinantī, ābhārstuti
Doctrine: Prayer and God’s Provision
Original: μέριμνα / προσευχή, δέησις, εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Philippians 4:6 (μέριμνα/προσευχή, δέησις, εὐχαριστία). Must distinguish this personal, relational address to a hearing God from meditation techniques aimed at self-generated inner calm (ahimsa-based meditation).
Giving And Receiving
Approved rendering: આપ-લે/ભાગીદારી કરવી
Transliteration: āp-le/bhāgīdārī karavī
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and Material Partnership
Original: δόσις καὶ λῆψις / κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Philippians 4:15 (δόσις καὶ λῆψις/κοινωνέω). Must not be read as commerce purchasing spiritual merit or obligating God to reciprocate; flows from grace already given.
Fragrant Offering
Approved rendering: સુવાસિત અર્પણ/સ્વીકૃત બલિદાન
Transliteration: suvāsit arpaṇ/svīkṛt balidān
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and Material Partnership
Original: ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας / θυσία δεκτή, εὐάρεστος
Category: Church
Philippians 2:17; 4:18 (ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας/θυσία δεκτή, εὐάρεστος). OT sacrificial metaphor; must not read as ritual offering purchasing divine favor (puja/naivedya logic).
Sacrifice Service
Approved rendering: બલિદાન/સેવા
Transliteration: balidān/sevā
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and Material Partnership
Original: θυσία / λειτουργία
Category: Church
Philippians 2:17 (θυσία/λειτουργία). Paul frames his possible martyrdom as a libation poured out on the sacrifice of the Philippians’ faith-service; must not be read as a ritual offering generating religious merit.
Overseer
Approved rendering: અધ્યક્ષ
Transliteration: adhyakṣ
Doctrine: Church Offices and Leadership
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 (ἐπίσκοπος). A recognized, accountable local church office of oversight, not self-attained guru authority.
Deacon
Approved rendering: ડીકન/સેવક
Transliteration: ḍīkan/sevak
Doctrine: Church Offices and Leadership
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 (διάκονος). A recognized local church office of practical service.
Messenger Non Apostolic
Approved rendering: મોકલાયેલ/સંદેશવાહક
Transliteration: mokalāyel/sandeśvāhak
Doctrine: Church Offices and Leadership
Rejected alternatives: પ્રેરિત (reserved exclusively for the technical apostolic office)
Original: ἀπόστολος (of Epaphroditus)
Category: Church
Philippians 2:25 — ἀπόστολος used of Epaphroditus in the lower-case ‘sent messenger’ sense. Deliberately NOT baseline પ્રેરિત, to avoid implying Epaphroditus held apostolic office.
Enemies Of The Cross
Approved rendering: ક્રૂસના શત્રુ/પેટ/પૃથ્વી પરની બાબતો
Transliteration: Krūsnā śatru/peṭ/pṛthvī parnī bābato
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐχθρός τοῦ σταυροῦ / κοιλία / ἐπίγεια
Category: Salvation
Philippians 3:18-19 (ἐχθρός τοῦ σταυροῦ/κοιλία/ἐπίγεια). A negative-example warning contrasted with the positive pattern of 2:5-11 and the positive citizenship of 3:20.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: સંગત
Transliteration: saṅgat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: મિત્રતા
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Baseline general sense retained for Philippians 2:1; 3:10. See partnership_in_the_gospel entry for the elevated-risk compound sense in 1:5/4:15.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: આભારસ્તુતિ
Transliteration: ābhārstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 4:6.
Exhort
Approved rendering: પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું
Transliteration: protsāhan āpavũ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παράκλησις (related)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:1’s mutual ‘encouragement in Christ’ (παράκλησις).
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: સ્વાર્થી ઇચ્છા
Transliteration: svārthī ichchhā
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐριθεία
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:3 (ἐριθεία). Standard ethical vocabulary; low doctrinal risk.
Vain Conceit
Approved rendering: મિથ્યાભિમાન
Transliteration: mithyābhimān
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κενοδοξία
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:3 (κενοδοξία). Standard ethical vocabulary; low doctrinal risk.
Affection Compassion
Approved rendering: કરુણા/હેત
Transliteration: karuṇā/het
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σπλάγχνα / οἰκτιρμοί
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:1 (σπλάγχνα/οἰκτιρμοί). Idiom-handling issue (avoid literal ‘bowels’) rather than doctrinal collision.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: સૌમ્યતા
Transliteration: saumyatā
Doctrine: Prayer and God’s Provision
Original: ἐπιείκεια
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 4:5 (ἐπιείκεια). A public, observable disposition grounded in the Lord’s nearness; low doctrinal risk.
Blameless Pure
Approved rendering: નિષ્કલંક/નિર્દોષ
Transliteration: niṣkalank/nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: ἄμεμπτος / ἀκέραιος
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:15 (ἄμεμπτος/ἀκέραιος). Low doctrinal risk.
Grumbling Disputing
Approved rendering: કચકચ/વાદવિવાદ
Transliteration: kachkach/vādvivād
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: γογγυσμός / διαλογισμός
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:14 (γογγυσμός/διαλογισμός). Low doctrinal risk.
Boldness
Approved rendering: હિંમત/નિર્ભયતા
Transliteration: himmat/nirbhayatā
Doctrine: Mission and Gospel Advance through Suffering
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:20 (παρρησία). Standard term; low doctrinal risk.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: સુન્નત
Transliteration: sunnat
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
Philippians 3:5 (περιτομή). Low doctrinal-collision risk; requires explanatory teaching notes on OT covenant background given low OT literacy in the target audience.
Gain Loss
Approved rendering: હાનિ/લાભ
Transliteration: hāni/lābh
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: ζημία / κέρδος
Category: Salvation
Philippians 3:7-8 (ζημία/κέρδος). Low doctrinal risk; deliberately echoes Philippians 1:21’s ‘to die is gain.‘
Need Supply
Approved rendering: પૂરું પાડશે/જરૂરિયાત
Transliteration: pūrũ pāḍśe/jarūriyāt
Doctrine: Prayer and God’s Provision
Original: πλήρωσις / χρεία
Category: Faith
Philippians 4:19 (πλήρωσις/χρεία). Low doctrinal risk.
Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: સહકાર્યકર/સહસૈનિક
Transliteration: sahakāryakar/sahasainik
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: συνεργός / συστρατιώτης
Category: Church
Philippians 2:25 (συνεργός/συστρατιώτης). Partnership-in-mission vocabulary; low doctrinal risk.
Referenced passages