Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Matthew 1–28
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from the entire book of Matthew (core passage Matthew 5:1–12 plus all 28 chapters). Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Baseline and must be reused exactly, with no deviation. Terms newly required for Matthew’s distinctive vocabulary are marked New and are proposed here for addition to the language package’s translation memory, pending theologian review per the risk tier assigned.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions:
- Critical — Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — Human theologian review required.
- Medium — Native speaker review recommended.
- Low — Automated review sufficient.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Matthew
| Term | Gujarati | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Matthew Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | પરમેશ્વર | Parmeśvar | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1–28 (pervasive) | Never ભગવાન or ઈશ્વર |
| Jesus | ઈસુ | Īsu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1–28 (pervasive) | Never ઈસા |
| Holy Spirit | પવિત્ર આત્મા | Pavitra Ātmā | Critical | Sanctification / Deity | 1, 3, 12, 28 | Never પરમાત્મા or બ્રહ્મ |
| Father | પિતા | Pitā | Critical | Adoption / God | 3, 6, 7, 11, 26 | Personal, relational, not abstract creator-principle |
| Lord | પ્રભુ | Prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 8, 15, 22 | Exclusive, living, reigning Lord |
| Son of God | પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર | Parmeśvarno Putra | Critical | Sonship / Deity of Christ | 3, 4, 11, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27 | Full phrase required |
| Messiah / Christ (title) | મસીહા | Masīhā | Critical | Messianic Promise | 1, 2, 11, 16, 22, 24 | Never અવતારી પુરુષ |
| David | દાઉદ | Dāūd | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 1, 21, 22 | Established proper name |
| Israel | ઇઝરાયલ | Izrāyal | Medium | Unity of Jews/Gentiles | throughout | Established proper name |
| Covenant | કરાર | Karār | High | Davidic Covenant | 26 | New Covenant instituted at Last Supper |
| Law | નિયમશાસ્ત્ર | Niyamśāstra | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 5, 7, 22, 23 | Never ધર્મ |
| Sin | પાપ | Pāp | High | Universal Accountability | 1, 6, 26 | Personal moral transgression, not impersonal karma |
| Resurrection | પુનરુત્થાન | Punarutthān | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 22, 27, 28 | Never પુનર્જન્મ |
| Kingdom of God (exact βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ) | પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય | Parmeśvarnũ Rājya | Medium | Kingdom Mission | 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31, 43 | Reserve for the exact Greek phrase; see New Section B for the more frequent “kingdom of heaven” |
| Church | મંડળી | Maṇḍaḷī | Medium | Church and Church Discipline | 16, 18 | Never મંદિર or દેરાસર |
| Gentiles | અન્ય પ્રજાઓ | Anya Prajāo | Medium | Unity of Jews/Gentiles | 4, 10, 12, 20, 28 | |
| Glory | મહિમા | Mahimā | High | Deity of Christ | 17 | Avoid light-only imagery |
| Prophet(s) | ભવિષ્યવક્તા | Bhaviṣyavaktā | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1–2, 5, 7, 11–13, 21, 23–24, 26–27 | Not an astrologer |
| Prophecy | ભવિષ્યવાણી | Bhaviṣyavāṇī | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1–2, 21 | |
| Apostle(s) | પ્રેરિત | Prerit | Medium | Apostleship | 10 | Never ગુરુ |
| Called / Calling | તેડાયેલા / તેડું | Tedāyelā / Teḍũ | High | Divine Calling | 5:9 (declarative sense) | Context-sensitive |
| Faith | વિશ્વાસ | Viśvāsa | High | Faith | 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 24 | Never શ્રદ્ધા/ભક્તિ |
| Righteousness | ન્યાયીપણું | Nyāyīpaṇũ | Critical | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 3, 5, 6 | Never ધર્મ |
| Salvation / save | ઉદ્ધાર | Uddhār | Critical | Salvation | 1 | Never મોક્ષ/મુક્તિ/કેવલજ્ઞાન/સિદ્ધત્વ |
| Peace | શાંતિ | Śānti | Medium | Peace with God | 5:9 (peacemakers) | |
| Obedience of Faith | વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન | Viśvāsnũ Āgnāpālan | High | Obedience of Faith | 28 (Great Commission) | |
| Power of God | પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય | Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya | High | Power of God for Salvation | 19 | Never શક્તિ |
| Incarnation (theological label) | દેહધારણ | Dehdhāraṇ | Critical | Incarnation | 1 | Never અવતાર |
| Seed of David (lineage phrase) | દાઉદના વંશમાંથી | Dāūdnā Vanśmāṅthī | High | Davidic Covenant | 1 (background) | Distinct from new “Son of David” title, Section B |
| Abba | અબ્બા | Abbā | High | Adoption | (not used by Matthew directly; retained for cross-reference only) | Matthew records “My Father,” not “Abba” |
Section B — New Terms Introduced for Matthew (Proposed Additions to Translation Memory)
| # | Term (English) | Greek | Gujarati Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Chapters | Rejected Alternatives | Rationale / Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kingdom of Heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | સ્વર્ગનું રાજ્ય | svargnũ rājya | High | The Kingdom of Heaven | 3–13, 18–25 (pervasive) | સ્વર્ગનું સામ્રાજ્ય | Theologically equivalent to baseline “kingdom_of_god”; must not be read as a temporary heavenly way-station within saṁsāra (Hindu svarga, Jain deva-loka) but God’s inaugurated, consummating reign. |
| 2 | Disciple | μαθητής | શિષ્ય | śiṣya | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 5, 10, 28 | અનુયાયી | Overlaps with guru-shishya parampara vocabulary in Hindu/Jain tradition; must be taught as response to Christ’s sovereign call, not self-sought spiritual advancement. |
| 3 | Authority | ἐξουσία | અધિકાર | adhikār | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 7, 8, 21, 28 | સત્તા | Jesus’ authority is inherent/divine, not delegated by lineage or attainment as a guru’s authority might be understood. |
| 4 | Blessed | μακάριος | ધન્ય | dhanya | High | Kingdom of Heaven / Beatitudes | 5 | આશીર્વાદિત | Distinguish God’s gracious pronouncement of favor from popular Hindu usage of “dhanya” for merit-based good fortune. |
| 5 | Poor in Spirit | πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι | આત્મામાં દરિદ્રી | ātmāmā daridrī | High | Beatitudes / Grace | 5 | મનમાં દીન | Not economic poverty nor Jain voluntary ascetic poverty (aparigraha); spiritual bankruptcy before God. |
| 6 | Mourn | πενθέω | શોક કરવો | śok karavo | Medium | Beatitudes | 5 | — | Godly sorrow, not merely ritual mourning custom. |
| 7 | Comforted | παρακαλέω (passive) | દિલાસો પામવો | dilāso pāmavo | Low | Beatitudes | 5 | પ્રોત્સાહન પામવું | Distinct passive/comfort sense from baseline “exhort” (active). |
| 8 | Meek | πραΰς | નમ્ર | namra | High | Beatitudes / Discipleship | 5, 11 | — | Christlike gentleness, not self-disciplined ascetic virtue cultivated for merit. |
| 9 | Inherit | κληρονομέω | વારસામાં પામવું | vārsāmā pāmavũ | Medium | Beatitudes / Adoption | 5 | — | Received by right of sonship, not achievement. |
| 10 | Hunger / Thirst (for righteousness) | πεινάω / διψάω | ભૂખ્યા / તરસ્યા | bhūkhyā / tarasyā | Low | Beatitudes | 5 | — | Standard vocabulary. |
| 11 | Satisfied | χορτάζω | તૃપ્ત થવું | tṛpta thavũ | Low | Beatitudes | 5 | — | |
| 12 | Merciful | ἐλεήμων | દયાળુ | dayāḷu | Medium | Beatitudes | 5 | કરુણાળુ | Distinguish from detached, universal Jain karuṇā cultivated as self-perfecting virtue; biblical mercy is relational, God-modeled. |
| 13 | Pure in Heart | καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ | શુદ્ધ હૃદયના | śuddha hṛdayanā | High | Beatitudes / Sanctification | 5 | — | શુદ્ધ alone risks ritual/ascetic purity connotation (per baseline “holy” note); must be anchored to હૃદય for inward moral sense. |
| 14 | Heart | καρδία | હૃદય | hṛdaya | Low | Beatitudes / multiple | 5, 15 | — | Seat of will, thought, emotion. |
| 15 | Peacemakers | εἰρηνοποιός | શાંતિ કરાવનારા | śānti karāvanārā | Medium | Beatitudes / Peace with God | 5 | — | Active reconciliation flowing from peace with God, not ascetic inner tranquility. |
| 16 | Sons of God (Beatitude title) | υἱοὶ θεοῦ | પરમેશ્વરના દીકરા | Parmeśvarnā Dīkarā | High | Adoption / Beatitudes | 5 | — | Full family status, connects to baseline adoption doctrine. |
| 17 | Persecuted | διώκω | સતાવણી પામેલા | satāvaṇī pāmelā | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 5, 10 | — | Hostility specifically for allegiance to Christ. |
| 18 | Reward | μισθός | બદલો | badalo | High | Beatitudes / Grace | 5 | કર્મફળ | Must not read as automatic karma-fruit payout; God’s gracious response to grace-enabled faithfulness. |
| 19 | Fulfill (Law/Prophecy) | πληρόω | પૂર્ણ કરવું | pūrṇa karavũ | High | Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy | 1, 2, 5 | — | Linear, one-time historical fulfillment, not cyclical yuga/cosmic-wheel time. |
| 20 | Perfect | τέλειος | સંપૂર્ણ | sampūrṇa | Medium–High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5 | — | Grace-empowered Godlikeness, not self-attained Jain kevalin/siddha perfection. |
| 21 | Love (agapē) | ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη | પ્રેમ | prem | High | Righteousness / Great Commandment | 5, 22 | ભક્તિ | Distinguish from Vaishnav prem-bhakti’s romantic/devotional-longing resonance (Radha-Krishna prem); agapē is willed, self-giving, even enemy-directed love. |
| 22 | Mammon | μαμωνᾶς | મમોન | Mamon | Medium | Discipleship / Righteousness | 6 | પૈસો | Retain transliteration to preserve personification as rival master. |
| 23 | Anxious | μεριμνάω | ચિંતા કરવી | chintā karavī | Medium | Providence | 6 | — | Anchored to trust in personal Father, not ascetic detachment technique. |
| 24 | Judge / Judgment | κρίνω / κρίσις | ન્યાય કરવો | nyāy karavo | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 7, 25 | — | Shares root with justification vocabulary; context must disambiguate human presumption vs. God’s final judgment. |
| 25 | Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | માણસનો દીકરો | Māṇasno Dīkaro | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Deity of Christ | 8–13, 16–17, 19–20, 24–26 | માનવપુત્ર | Danielic exalted-authority title combining full humanity with divine authority to judge/reign; must not be flattened to mere humility. |
| 26 | Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι | અનુકંપા | anukampā | Medium | Discipleship / Mercy | 8, 9, 14, 15, 20 | કરુણા | Personal, particular, action-producing, not detached universal Jain karuṇā. |
| 27 | Harvest (mission image) | θερισμός | કાપણી | kāpaṇī | Low–Medium | The Great Commission | 9 | — | Precursor mission metaphor. |
| 28 | Confess / Deny | ὁμολογέω / ἀρνέομαι | કબૂલ કરવું / નકારવું | kabūl karavũ / nakāravũ | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 10 | — | Public, costly allegiance; not merely private belief. |
| 29 | Cross (take up) | σταυρός | ક્રૂસ | krūs | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 10, 16, 27 | — | Concrete historical execution-instrument and self-denial unto death; not vague burden-metaphor or ascetic self-mortification. |
| 30 | Soul / Life (psychē) | ψυχή | જીવ | jīv | High | Discipleship / Judgment | 10, 16 | આત્મા | Chosen over આત્મા to avoid conflating with the transmigrating jīva/ātman of karma theory; one’s true self/destiny, gained or forfeited once. |
| 31 | Yoke | ζυγός | ઝૂંસરી | jhũsarī | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 11 | — | Contrasted with merit-earning vrata-obligation; Christ’s yoke is grace-carried. |
| 32 | Rest | ἀνάπαυσις | વિસામો | visāmo | Medium | Peace with God / Discipleship | 11 | — | Relational rest in Christ, not ascetic/meditative technique. |
| 33 | Sabbath | σάββατον | વિશ્રામવાર | viśrāmvār | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 12 | — | Mosaic covenant sign fulfilled in Christ, not a merit-earning fast/observance day. |
| 34 | Blasphemy (against Holy Spirit) | βλασφημία | (પવિત્ર આત્માની) નિંદા | nindā | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 12 | — | The one unforgivable sin; grave, deliberate rejection of the Spirit’s testimony — must not be generalized. |
| 35 | Parable | παραβολή | દ્રષ્ટાંત | dṣṭānt | Low | The Kingdom of Heaven | 13, 18, 20–22, 24–25 | — | Standard established term. |
| 36 | Mystery | μυστήριον | રહસ્ય | rahasya | Medium–High | The Kingdom of Heaven | 13 | — | Graciously revealed truth, not esoteric secret knowledge earned through spiritual advancement. |
| 37 | Tradition (of elders) | παράδοσις | પરંપરા | paramparā | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Righteousness | 15 | — | Same word as guru/ācārya lineage-tradition in Hindu/Jain usage; used critically here of human tradition set against God’s command. |
| 38 | Defile | κοινόω | અશુદ્ધ કરવું | aśuddha karavũ | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 15 | — | Moral heart-defilement, not ritual food-purity concern. |
| 39 | Keys of the Kingdom | κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας | રાજ્યની ચાવીઓ | rājyanī chāvīo | Medium–High | The Church and Church Discipline | 16 | — | Delegated declarative/stewardship authority under Christ, not independent or magical power. |
| 40 | Bind / Loose | δέω / λύω | બાંધવું / છોડવું | bāndhavũ / chodavũ | High | The Church and Church Discipline | 16, 18 | — | Church’s declarative echo of heaven’s judgment, not self-generated sacramental power or Jain vow-binding. |
| 41 | Satan | Σατανᾶς | શેતાન | Śetān | Medium | Judgment / Discipleship | 16 | — | Real, personal adversary, not mythic personification. |
| 42 | Forgive (debt/offense) | ἀφίημι | માફ કરવું | māph karavũ | Medium | Grace / Church Discipline | 6, 18 | — | Gift-based, flowing from grace received; not merit-transactional. |
| 43 | Divorce | ἀπολύω | છૂટાછેડા | chūṭāchedā | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 19 | — | |
| 44 | Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | અનંત જીવન | anant jīvan | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 19, 25 | સનાતન જીવન | અનંત preferred over સનાતન (Hindu “Sanātan Dharma” connotation); resurrection life given by a personal God, not cyclical ātman-existence or self-attained mokṣa. |
| 45 | Ransom | λύτρον | ઉદ્ધારનું મૂલ્ય | uddhārnũ mūlya | Critical | Judgment / Salvation (Atonement) | 20 | મુક્તિદ્રવ્ય | Never મુક્તિ-family words; anchored to baseline ઉદ્ધાર rather than introducing a new liberation-associated term. |
| 46 | Temple (Jerusalem building) | ἱερόν / ναός | મંદિર | mandir | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 12, 21, 26–27 | ભક્તિસ્થાન | Distinct physical OT building, not to be confused with baseline “church”/મંડળી (the people); clarify on first use to avoid devotional conflation with a Hindu mandir. |
| 47 | Cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας | ખૂણાનો પથ્થર | khūṇāno paththar | Low–Medium | The Church and Church Discipline | 21 | — | |
| 48 | Hypocrite | ὑποκριτής | ઢોંગી | ḍhoṅgī | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 23 | કપટી | |
| 49 | End of the Age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | યુગનો અંત | yugno anta | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24 | — | Linear, final, one-time culmination, not cyclical yuga theory or Jain beginningless cosmic wheel. |
| 50 | Coming / Parousia | παρουσία | આગમન | āgaman | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24 | — | Christ’s singular, final, visible return — not a recurring avatar-descent or sequential Tīrthankara appearance. |
| 51 | Eternal Punishment | κόλασις αἰώνιος | અનંત દંડ | anant daṇḍ | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25 | — | Final and unending, not a temporary hell-stage within an ongoing karmic cycle. |
| 52 | Body / Blood (Lord’s Supper) | σῶμα / αἷμα | શરીર / રક્ત | śarīr / rakta | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Atonement | 26 | — | Real, historical, once-for-all sacrificial death; not repeated ritual offering or merely symbolic meal. |
| 53 | Betray | παραδίδωμι | દગો દેવો | dago devo | Medium | Judgment and the End of the Age | 26 | — | |
| 54 | Passover | πάσχα | પાસ્ખાપર્વ | Pāskhāparv | Medium | Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy | 26 | — | Requires OT background; Christ fulfills Passover-lamb typology. |
| 55 | Forsaken (cry of dereliction) | Ἐλωΐ Ἐλωΐ λεμὰ σαβαχθανί | એલોઈ, એલોઈ, લમા સબાખથાની | Elōi, Elōi, lemā sabākhthānī | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Atonement | 27 | — | Retain Aramaic transliteration (per baseline “Abba” precedent) with unsoftened Gujarati gloss. |
| 56 | Make Disciples | μαθητεύω | શિષ્યો બનાવવા | śiṣyo banāvavā | High | The Great Commission | 28 | — | Genuine, costly followers, not nominal adherents; sensitive given conversion-related social climate. |
| 57 | Worship | προσκυνέω | આરાધના કરવી | ārādhanā karavī | Critical | Deity of Christ | 2, 8–9, 14–15, 28 | પૂજા કરવી | NEVER પૂજા — names the specific Hindu/Jain ritual of image-veneration; worship of Christ must remain personal and relational. |
| 58 | Immanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ | ઇમ્માનુએલ | Immānuel | Critical | Incarnation | 1, 28 (inclusio) | — | “God with us”; ties directly to Incarnation and Deity of Christ. |
| 59 | Virgin | παρθένος | કુંવારી | kũvārī | Critical | Incarnation | 1 | જુવાન સ્ત્રી | Must not be weakened to “young woman”; essential to Incarnation doctrine. |
| 60 | Angel | ἄγγελος | સ્વર્ગદૂત | svargadūt | Medium | Providence / Incarnation | 1 | — | Created, personal messenger; not a minor deity (deva/devatā). |
| 61 | Repent | μετανοέω | પસ્તાવો કરવો | pastāvo karavo | High | The Kingdom of Heaven | 3 | — | Spirit-enabled heart-turning, not ritual expiation (pratikramaṇ/prāyaścitta) offsetting a karmic ledger. |
| 62 | Baptize / Baptism | βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα | બાપ્તિસ્મા | bāptismā | Medium (High in Trinitarian formula, ch.28) | The Kingdom of Heaven / Great Commission | 3, 28 | — | Symbolizes repentance and union with Christ, not merit-earning ritual bathing (snān). |
| 63 | Wrath | ὀργή | ક્રોધ | krodh | Medium–High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 3 | — | Personal, moral, judicial anger — not impersonal karmic consequence. |
| 64 | Follow | ἀκολουθέω | અનુસરવું | anusaravũ | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 4 | — | Costly, total life-reorientation, not casual admiration. |
| 65 | Temptation | πειρασμός | પરીક્ષણ | parīkṣaṇ | Medium | Discipleship | 4, 6 | — | |
| 66 | Son of David (title) | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | દાઉદનો દીકરો | Dāūdno Dīkaro | High | Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David | 1, 9, 12, 15, 20–21 | — | Distinct from baseline “seed_of_david” lineage-phrase; a recurring Messianic confession-title. |
| 67 | Will (of the Father) | θέλημα | ઇચ્છા | icchā | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 6, 7, 26 | — | Personal, purposive will — not impersonal fate/cosmic order. |
Section C — Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- Kingdom of Heaven vs. Kingdom of God: Matthew’s pervasive βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν (32 occurrences) is rendered સ્વર્ગનું રાજ્ય [NEW]; the rarer exact βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ phrase (6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31, 43) retains the baseline પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય. Both name the identical theological reality; Phase 2 segment translators must not treat them as doctrinally distinct.
- Son of Man vs. Son of God vs. Son of David: three distinct Christological titles requiring three distinct renderings — માણસનો દીકરો (Son of Man, Critical), પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર [BASELINE] (Son of God, Critical), દાઉદનો દીકરો (Son of David, High). Never interchange.
- જીવ vs. આત્મા: આત્મા is reserved for “spirit” (πνεῦμα, e.g., poor in spirit, Holy Spirit) and for the human “soul” only in non-Matthew-specific generic usage; જીવ [NEW] is reserved specifically for ψυχή in the “gain the world / lose the soul” sayings (10:39; 16:26) to avoid conflating this concept with the transmigrating jīva/ātman of Hindu and Jain karma theory.
- પ્રેમ (agapē): flagged High risk throughout because of Gujarat’s strong Vaishnav prem-bhakti devotional culture; every occurrence in a doctrinally load-bearing context (5:44; 22:37–39) should carry a translator note distinguishing willed, self-giving agapē love from romantic/devotional prem-bhakti longing.
- રહસ્ય, પરંપરા, વારસામાં પામવું: all three sit close to established Hindu/Jain religious vocabulary (esoteric secret knowledge, guru-lineage tradition, inheritance-by-merit); each requires the specific contextual clarification given in Section B before free reuse elsewhere in the curriculum.
- Never પૂજા for worship, never મુક્તિ-family words for ransom/salvation, never સનાતન for eternal, never આત્મા for the Matthew 10:39/16:26 “soul/life” sense — these four substitution risks are the highest-frequency traps specific to Matthew’s vocabulary and must be added to the Phase 2 AI system prompt’s forbidden-substitution list alongside the baseline’s existing Critical list.
This glossary extends, and must never contradict, the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All new terms proposed here require theologian sign-off (per assigned risk tier) before being written into an updated translation_memory.json version for Phase 2 processing.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વર
Transliteration: Parmeśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: ભગવાન is extremely common colloquially in Gujarat for any Hindu deity and among Jains often applied to the Tirthankaras. પરમેશ્વર is preferred for doctrinal precision. Pervasive throughout Matthew 1-28, especially load-bearing in the genealogy (1:23), the Lord’s Prayer (6:9), and the Great Commission’s Trinitarian formula (28:19). Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ઈસુ
Transliteration: Īsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ઈસા
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
ઈસુ is the Gujarati Christian standard; ઈસા is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage. Proper name given at the incarnation, 1:21 ‘he shall save his people.’ Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્મા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: પરમાત્મા, બ્રહ્મ
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: never પરમાત્મા (Hindu Universal Self) or બ્રહ્મ (Brahman). Agent of the virgin conception (1:18, 20) and of the Trinitarian baptismal formula (28:19). Inherited from Romans package.
Father
Approved rendering: પિતા
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: સૃષ્ટિકર્તા
Original: Πατήρ
Category: God
God as personal Father, addressed directly in the Lord’s Prayer (6:9) and asserted in unique mutual knowledge with the Son (11:27). Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: પ્રભુ
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: સ્વામી, તીર્થંકર
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: must convey a living, presently reigning sovereign, used of Jesus by petitioners (8:2, 8:25) and cited by David himself of the Messiah (22:44-45). Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનો પુત્ર
Transliteration: Parmeśvarno Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: દેવપુરુષ, અવતારી પુરુષ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: full phrase required; declared at Jesus’ baptism (3:17), confessed by Peter (16:16), confirmed by the centurion (27:54). Inherited from Romans package.
Messiah
Approved rendering: મસીહા
Transliteration: Masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: અવતારી પુરુષ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: transliterated term. When Χριστός functions as part of the proper name, render ઈસુ ખ્રિસ્ત; when titular (‘the Christ’), use મસીહા. Never conflate with a Vaishnav avatar or a Jain Tirthankara. Inherited from Romans package.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: પુનરુત્થાન
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પુનર્જન્મ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: NEVER પુનર્જન્મ. Defended by Jesus against the Sadducees (22:23-33) and climactically enacted in his own rising (28:6); distinguish from Jain karma-particle transmigration. Inherited from Romans package.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ન્યાયીપણું
Transliteration: nyāyīpaṇũ
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, પુણ્ય, સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: never ધર્મ or સમ્યક્ ચારિત્ર્ય. In Matthew carries both forensic and lived-ethical senses (5:6, 5:20, 6:33); the ethical sense must remain conduct flowing from grace, never merit achieved toward it. Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધાર
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, સિદ્ધત્વ
Original: σῴζω / σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, or સિદ્ધત્વ. Announced at Jesus’ very naming, ‘he will save his people from their sins’ (1:21). Inherited from Romans package.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: દેહધારણ
Transliteration: dehdhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: અવતાર
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological label)
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: NEVER અવતાર, especially given Gujarat’s Dwarka-centered Vaishnav avatar theology. Narrated in Matthew 1 through the virgin conception and Immanuel naming; built from first principles for Jain hearers who hold no creator-God concept. Inherited from Romans package.
Grace
Approved rendering: કૃપા
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace and Reward
Rejected alternatives: મહેરબાની, કર્મફળ, પુણ્ય, નિર્જરા
CRITICAL: unearned favor, never નિર્જરા or પુણ્ય. Underlies the Vineyard Workers parable (20:1-16), where wages given regardless of hours worked illustrate grace defying a merit calculus. Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: માણસનો દીકરો
Transliteration: Māṇasno Dīkaro
Doctrine: Son of Man and His Authority
Rejected alternatives: માનવપુત્ર
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Daniel 7’s exalted-authority figure; Jesus’ favorite self-designation, combining full humanity with divine authority to forgive sins (9:6), rule the Sabbath (12:8), and judge the nations (25:31). Must never be flattened to a merely humble self-reference to Jesus’ humanity.
Blasphemy Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: પવિત્ર આત્માની નિંદા
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmānī nindā
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία (κατὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος)
Category: Sin
CRITICAL: the one unforgivable sin (12:31-32), deliberate hardened rejection of the Spirit’s testimony to Christ. Must preserve its singular gravity precisely; never generalize into ordinary sin or an impersonal spiritual offense.
Ransom
Approved rendering: ઉદ્ધારનું મૂલ્ય
Transliteration: uddhārnũ mūlya
Doctrine: The Atonement and the Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: મુક્તિદ્રવ્ય
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: never મુક્તિ-family words. ‘The Son of Man came to give his life as a ransom for many’ (20:28); anchored to the already-established ઉદ્ધાર rather than introducing a new, potentially syncretism-prone word.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: અનંત દંડ
Transliteration: anant daṇḍ
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: final, unending judicial consequence for the unrighteous (25:46). Must retain linear, final, unending force — not a temporary stage within an ongoing rebirth/karmic-purification cycle (Hindu naraka; Jain hellish rebirths eventually ended through karma exhaustion). Never સનાતન.
Body Blood
Approved rendering: શરીર / રક્ત
Transliteration: śarīr / rakta
Doctrine: The Atonement and the Ransom for Many
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Christ’s actual body given and blood poured out in sacrificial death, instituting the Lord’s Supper (26:26-28). A real, historical, once-for-all sacrificial death — never assimilated to repeated ritual sacrifice patterns (recurring puja offerings) or reduced to a merely symbolic meal.
Forsaken
Approved rendering: એલોઈ, એલોઈ, લમા સબાખથાની
Transliteration: Ēlōi, Ēlōi, lemā sabākhthānī
Doctrine: The Atonement and the Ransom for Many
Original: Ἐλωΐ Ἐλωΐ, λεμὰ σαβαχθανί
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Christ’s cry of dereliction on the cross (27:46, quoting Psalm 22:1). Retain the Aramaic transliteration, per the baseline ‘Abba’ precedent, with an unsoftened Gujarati gloss: ‘મારા પરમેશ્વર, મારા પરમેશ્વર, તમે મને કેમ તજી દીધો?‘
Worship
Approved rendering: આરાધના કરવી
Transliteration: ārādhanā karavī
Doctrine: Worship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: પૂજા કરવી
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: NEVER પૂજા, the specific Hindu/Jain ritual act of image-veneration (flowers, incense, aarti before a mūrti/idol). Reverent homage to Christ from the Magi’s homage (2:11) to worship of the risen Lord (28:9, 17); must remain personal, relational, and never distinguished from worship of the Father (never adopt the Watchtower rendering pattern that diminishes worship of Jesus specifically).
Immanuel
Approved rendering: ઇમ્માનુએલ
Transliteration: Immānuel
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: ‘God with us’ (1:23), directly asserting the Incarnation; echoed in Christ’s closing promise ‘I am with you always’ (28:20). Never softened to a merely symbolic or honorary title. Rendered with gloss: પરમેશ્વર આપણી સાથે.
Virgin
Approved rendering: કુંવારી
Transliteration: kũvārī
Doctrine: The Virgin Birth
Rejected alternatives: જુવાન સ્ત્રી
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: the miraculous, biologically unprecedented conception of Jesus by the Holy Spirit, fulfilling Isaiah 7:14 (1:23). Must not be weakened to a generic ‘young woman’; essential to both Incarnation and Sonship doctrines.
Gehenna
Approved rendering: ગેહેન્નાની આગ
Transliteration: Gehennānī āg
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: નરકની આગ
CRITICAL: Jesus’ repeated term for final hell-fire (5:22, 29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, 33), distinct from the single κόλασις αἰώνιος occurrence at 25:46 (see eternal_punishment). The obvious Gujarati word નરક is the standing Hindu/Jain term for a hell realm that is explicitly temporary, a stage endured before further rebirth within saṁsāra — the opposite of Gehenna’s finality. Transliterate as ગેહેન્નાની આગ with a translator’s note distinguishing it from cyclical hell-cosmology at first occurrence (5:22).
Hades
Approved rendering: હેડીસ
Transliteration: Hēḍīs
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: પાતાળ
CRITICAL: appears at 11:23 and 16:18, distinct from Gehenna. The available Gujarati word પાતાળ is a technical cosmological term shared by Hindu and Jain cosmography (the seven pātāla realms). Transliterate as હેડીસ with a short descriptive gloss (‘મૃત્યુલોક,’ realm of the dead) rather than પાતાળ, to avoid importing an unrelated cosmological map.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: કરાર
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: સમજૂતી
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
કરાર is a binding relational agreement, not a mere legal contract. The new covenant is instituted in Christ’s blood at the Last Supper (26:28). Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: નિયમશાસ્ત્ર
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ધર્મ, શરિયત
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Torah/Mosaic law. NEVER ધર્મ. Jesus fulfills (5:17) rather than abolishes the Law, and clarifies its true intent (Sabbath, 12:1-8; divorce, 19:3-9). Inherited from Romans package.
Sin
Approved rendering: પાપ
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: અધર્મ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Moral transgression against a personal God; the reason for Jesus’ saving mission (1:21) and the atoning blood of the new covenant (26:28). Distinguish from impersonal karmic matter in Jain doctrine. Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: મહિમા
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: તેજ, પ્રકાશ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
God’s radiant honor, visibly unveiled at the Transfiguration (17:2, 5). Avoid light-only imagery merging with Jain kevala-jñāna associations. Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: તેડાયેલા
Transliteration: tedāyelā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આમંત્રિત
Context-sensitive across senses; in Matthew 5:9 used declaratively (‘will be called’) rather than of vocational summons. Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: તેડું
Transliteration: teḍũ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: આહ્વાન
Noun form for the act/state of being called; must be set apart from Gujarat’s guru-disciple initiation (diksha) culture, where the aspirant typically seeks the teacher. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસ
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: શ્રદ્ધા, ભક્તિ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Jesus’ specific power to heal and save, shown by the centurion (8:10), the Canaanite woman (15:28), and even in small measure (17:20). Never શ્રદ્ધા or ભક્તિ. Inherited from Romans package.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: વિશ્વાસનું આજ્ઞાપાલન
Transliteration: viśvāsnũ āgnāpālan
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ધાર્મિક ફરજ
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Discipleship
Applied to the Great Commission’s discipleship-shaped instruction (28:20, ‘teaching them to observe’), not a one-time initiation rite. Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું સામર્થ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: શક્તિ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
Never શક્તિ. Invoked when Jesus says ‘with God all things are possible’ regarding salvation (19:26). Inherited from Romans package.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: દાઉદના વંશમાંથી
Transliteration: Dāūdnā Vanśmāṅthī
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Physical descent from David established through the genealogy (1:1-17). Distinct from the new recurring Messianic confession-title ‘Son of David’ (દાઉદનો દીકરો), which functions differently in the narrative. Inherited from Romans package.
Abba
Approved rendering: અબ્બા
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Matthew records ‘My Father’ (26:39), not ‘Abba’; retained here for cross-reference consistency with the baseline package only. Inherited from Romans package.
Gospel
Approved rendering: સુવાર્તા
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ખબર, શુભ સંદેશ
Established Gujarati Christian term. Used of Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom (4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13); a specific historical announcement, not a generic positive message. Inherited from Romans package.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: સ્વર્ગનું રાજ્ય
Transliteration: svargnũ rājya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: સ્વર્ગનું સામ્રાજ્ય
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
Matthew’s characteristic phrase (32 occurrences: 3:2; 4:17, 23; 5:3, 10; 6:33; 13:1-52; 18:1-4; 19:14; 21:43, etc.). Theologically identical to the baseline kingdom_of_god (પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય); must never be read as a temporary heavenly way-station within saṁsāra (Hindu svarga, Jain deva-loka).
Disciple
Approved rendering: શિષ્ય
Transliteration: śiṣya
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: અનુયાયી
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
શિષ્ય is also the exact word for a guru’s pupil in Hindu bhakti lineages and Jain guru-shishya paramparā, where discipleship is self-sought and progresses through self-attained stages. Biblical discipleship is a response to Jesus’ sovereign call (4:18-22; ch. 10; 28:19), not spiritual advancement earned under a teacher.
Authority
Approved rendering: અધિકાર
Transliteration: adhikār
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: સત્તા
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
Everyday Gujarati usage most often names delegated, bureaucratic authority; must be reserved for Jesus’ own inherent, divine authority (7:29; 8:9; 9:6; 21:23-27; 28:18), never authority derived from lineage or attainment as a guru’s authority might be understood.
Blessed
Approved rendering: ધન્ય
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Rejected alternatives: આશીર્વાદિત
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
ધન્ય is widely used in popular Hindu usage for good fortune from accumulated merit (punya); here it must be taught as God’s sovereign, gracious pronouncement over the spiritually needy (5:3-11), not a reward for merit.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: આત્મામાં દરિદ્રી
Transliteration: ātmāmā daridrī
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Rejected alternatives: મનમાં દીન
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Kingdom
Spiritual bankruptcy and utter dependence on God (5:3), the doorway to the kingdom. Must be distinguished from Jain aparigraha, voluntary renunciation of possessions as a self-chosen ascetic virtue.
Meek
Approved rendering: નમ્ર
Transliteration: namra
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πραΰς
Category: Kingdom
Strength under control; Christlike gentleness (5:5; cf. 11:29), not weakness. Distinguish from Jain ahimsa-rooted humility cultivated as a self-disciplined virtue for karmic benefit.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: શુદ્ધ હૃદયના
Transliteration: śuddha hṛdayanā
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Kingdom
Inward moral and motivational purity (5:8), not ritual/ceremonial cleanness. The baseline flags શુદ્ધ alone as leaning toward ritual/ascetic purity given Jain purity practices; anchoring to હૃદય keeps it read as inward, God-produced purity.
Sons Of God Beatitude
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરના દીકરા
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnā Dīkarā
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: υἱοὶ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Full covenant family membership pronounced over peacemakers (5:9), anticipating the adoption doctrine. Full son-status, not a lesser standing granted for meritorious behavior.
Reward
Approved rendering: બદલો
Transliteration: badalo
Doctrine: Grace and Reward
Rejected alternatives: કર્મફળ
Original: μισθός
Category: Salvation
God’s gracious recompense for faithful endurance (5:12) and faithful labor (20:1-16). Must be carefully distinguished from કર્મફળ (karma-fruit), the impersonal automatic law of moral cause-and-effect central to Hindu and Jain cosmology.
Fulfill
Approved rendering: પૂર્ણ કરવું
Transliteration: pūrṇa karavũ
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant
To bring OT prophecy and the Law to their intended completion (1:22; 2:15; 5:17). Establishes linear, one-time historical fulfillment — must not be assimilated to cyclical yuga or Jain cosmic-wheel time.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: પ્રેમ
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: ભક્તિ
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Discipleship
Willed, committed, self-giving love, even toward enemies (5:44) and summarized as the Great Commandment (22:37-39). Gujarat’s strong Vaishnav prem-bhakti devotional culture gives ‘prem’ a strongly romantic/devotional-longing resonance; agapē must be taught as willed, self-giving love modeling God’s own character.
Judge Judgment
Approved rendering: ન્યાય કરવો
Transliteration: nyāy karavo
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κρίνω / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
Ranges from presumptuous human evaluation, forbidden at 7:1, to God’s final righteous judgment (25:31-46). Shares the root ન્યાય- with the baseline justification vocabulary; use the disambiguating modifier પરમેશ્વરનો અંતિમ ન્યાય for the final-judgment sense.
Confess Deny
Approved rendering: કબૂલ કરવું / નકારવું
Transliteration: kabūl karavũ / nakāravũ
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ὁμολογέω / ἀρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
Public verbal acknowledgment or rejection of allegiance to Christ before others (10:32-33); must not be softened to private, internal belief only.
Cross
Approved rendering: ક્રૂસ
Transliteration: krūs
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: યાતનાનો સ્તંભ
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
The literal Roman instrument of execution, and metaphorically the self-denying, costly discipleship it represents (10:38; 16:24), realized historically in Matthew 27. Never soften into a vague ‘burden’ metaphor or Jain-style ascetic self-mortification (tapa); never adopt the Watchtower rendering ‘torture stake.‘
Soul Life
Approved rendering: જીવ
Transliteration: jīv
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: આત્મા
Original: ψυχή
Category: Discipleship
One’s whole life, self, or true destiny before God, found by losing it for Christ’s sake (10:39) or forfeited by gaining the world (16:26). Deliberately chosen over આત્મા to avoid conflating with the transmigrating jīva/ātman of Hindu and Jain karma theory.
Tradition
Approved rendering: પરંપરા
Transliteration: paramparā
Doctrine: Human Tradition versus God’s Command
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Covenant
Human teaching handed down through generations, elevated above God’s actual command by the Pharisees (15:1-9). પરંપરા is precisely the guru-lineage/ācārya-lineage word in Hindu and Jain contexts; frame narrowly so as not to imply all religious tradition is illegitimate.
Keys Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: રાજ્યની ચાવીઓ
Transliteration: rājyanī chāvīo
Doctrine: The Keys of the Kingdom and Binding/Loosing Authority
Original: κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας
Category: Church
Symbol of delegated administrative/stewardship authority over entrance into and life within the kingdom (16:19). Must be taught as delegated declarative authority under Christ’s ongoing lordship, never independent or magical power.
Bind Loose
Approved rendering: બાંધવું / છોડવું
Transliteration: bāndhavũ / chodavũ
Doctrine: The Keys of the Kingdom and Binding/Loosing Authority
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church
Legal-declarative authority reflecting heaven’s own judgment (16:19), foundational to church discipline (18:18). Not a magical or sacramental power the church generates independently, and not Jain vrata self-binding — here the direction of authority runs from heaven through the church.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: અનંત જીવન
Transliteration: anant jīvan
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: સનાતન જીવન
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Unending resurrection life given by God through relationship with Christ (19:16; 25:46). અનંત preferred over સનાતન, which carries the Hindu ‘Sanātan Dharma’ connotation; not cyclical ātman-existence or self-attained mokṣa.
End Of Age
Approved rendering: યુગનો અંત
Transliteration: yugno anta
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
The final, climactic close of the present age at Christ’s return (24:3). Must be distinguished from cyclical Hindu yuga theory and Jain cosmology’s beginningless, endless wheel of ages.
Parousia
Approved rendering: આગમન
Transliteration: āgaman
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s visible, glorious, final return, likened to lightning (24:27). Distinguish sharply from periodic Vishnu-avatar descents and sequential Jain Tīrthankara appearances; a singular, final, non-recurring event.
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: શિષ્યો બનાવવા
Transliteration: śiṣyo banāvavā
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύω
Category: Church
The Great Commission’s central commissioning verb (28:19). The command is to make genuine, costly followers of Christ, not merely gather nominal adherents; sensitive given India’s contemporary conversion-related social and political climate.
Repent
Approved rendering: પસ્તાવો કરવો
Transliteration: pastāvo karavo
Doctrine: Repentance and the Call of the Kingdom
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Kingdom
A whole-person turning from sin toward God, John’s foundational call preparing Israel for the kingdom (3:2). Distinguish from Jain pratikramaṇ (periodic ritual confession purging karmic accumulation) and Hindu prāyaścitta (ritual penance offsetting bad karma).
Baptize
Approved rendering: બાપ્તિસ્મા
Transliteration: bāptismā
Doctrine: Baptism and the Trinitarian Formula
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Church
Ritual immersion in water; John’s baptism of repentance (3:6, 13-17) and Christian baptism commanded in the explicit Trinitarian formula (28:19). Distinguish from Hindu ritual bathing (snān) performed for merit; risk escalates to Critical scrutiny in the 28:19 formula, where all three baseline divine-name terms must appear together with full precision.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ક્રોધ
Transliteration: krodh
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
God’s settled, righteous judicial anger against sin, warned of by John the Baptist (3:7). Must retain a personal, moral, judicial sense — distinct from an impersonal karmic law of consequence.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: દાઉદનો દીકરો
Transliteration: Dāūdno Dīkaro
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
A recurring Messianic confession-title used by crowds and petitioners (9:27; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9). Distinct from the baseline seed_of_david lineage-phrase; no structural parallel in Hindu or Jain tradition, requiring OT covenant background.
Medium Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: દાઉદ
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Established proper name form; anchor of Matthew’s genealogy (1:1, 1:6) and crowd acclamations (21:9). Inherited from Romans package.
Israel
Approved rendering: ઇઝરાયલ
Transliteration: Izrāyal
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Proper name; established form. Object of Jesus’ initial mission focus (10:6, 15:24) before the Great Commission’s expansion. Inherited from Romans package.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: પરમેશ્વરનું રાજ્ય
Transliteration: Parmeśvarnũ Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ઈશ્વરનું રાષ્ટ્ર
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Reserved specifically for Matthew’s exact βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ occurrences (6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31; 21:43); theologically identical to the new term kingdom_of_heaven (સ્વર્ગનું રાજ્ય) used for Matthew’s more frequent characteristic phrase. Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: મંડળી
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: મંદિર, દેરાસર
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Never મંદિર or દેરાસર. The new covenant community Jesus founds on Peter’s confession (16:18) and for which he institutes a discipline procedure (18:17). Inherited from Romans package.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: અન્ય પ્રજાઓ
Transliteration: anya prajāo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: વિદેશીઓ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Non-Jewish peoples; the ultimate object of the Great Commission (28:19, ‘all nations’). Inherited from Romans package.
Apostle
Approved rendering: પ્રેરિત
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ગુરુ, સંદેશવાહક
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Avoid ગુરુ. The Twelve named and commissioned with delegated authority in Matthew 10. Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: શાંતિ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: મનની શાંતિ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Discipleship
Relational peace with God; root term underlying the new Beatitude compound ‘peacemakers’ (5:9). Inherited from Romans package.
Mission
Approved rendering: મિશન / સુવાર્તા પ્રચાર
Transliteration: miśan / suvārtā prachār
Doctrine: The Great Commission
સુવાર્તા પ્રચાર preferred in most contexts, given ‘mission’s’ colonial-era connotation in the Indian context, directly relevant to the Great Commission (28:16-20). Inherited from Romans package.
Mourn
Approved rendering: શોક કરવો
Transliteration: śok karavo
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πενθέω
Category: Kingdom
Grief over sin, loss, or the brokenness of the world (5:4), anticipating God’s own comfort; ensure it is read as godly sorrow, not merely a ritual mourning custom.
Inherit
Approved rendering: વારસામાં પામવું
Transliteration: vārsāmā pāmavũ
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Kingdom
Receiving what belongs to one by right of relationship, not achievement (5:5; 19:29). Connects to the baseline adoption doctrine — inheritance flows from sonship, not merit.
Merciful
Approved rendering: દયાળુ
Transliteration: dayāḷu
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Rejected alternatives: કરુણાળુ
Original: ἐλεήμων
Category: Kingdom
Active kindness/forgiveness (5:7), reflecting God’s own mercy. Distinguish from the detached, universal karuṇā prized in Jain ethics as a self-perfecting virtue.
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: શાંતિ કરાવનારા
Transliteration: śānti karāvanārā
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρηνοποιός
Category: Kingdom
Active reconciliation between people (5:9), flowing from having received peace with God. Distinguish from the inner tranquility sought through Jain ahimsa-based self-discipline.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: સતાવણી પામેલા
Transliteration: satāvaṇī pāmelā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: διώκω
Category: Discipleship
Hostile pursuit/harassment because of allegiance to Christ (5:10-12; 10:23); must not be softened into generic hardship.
Perfect
Approved rendering: સંપૂર્ણ
Transliteration: sampūrṇa
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: τέλειος
Category: Salvation
Moral/spiritual completeness reflecting the Father’s own character (5:48). Must not be assimilated to the Jain doctrine of the soul’s own attainment of perfected, liberated status (kevalin/siddha) through ascetic self-effort.
Mammon
Approved rendering: મમોન
Transliteration: Mamon
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: પૈસો
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship
Material wealth personified as a rival master (6:24). Retained as transliteration to preserve the personification as a rival object of allegiance rather than a generic word for money.
Anxious
Approved rendering: ચિંતા કરવી
Transliteration: chintā karavī
Doctrine: Providence
Original: μεριμνάω
Category: Discipleship
Worried preoccupation about material needs (6:25-34), contrasted with trust in the Father’s providential care; must be anchored to a personal, caring Father, not an impersonal detachment technique.
Compassion
Approved rendering: અનુકંપા
Transliteration: anukampā
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Rejected alternatives: કરુણા
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Discipleship
Visceral, deeply-felt compassion moving Jesus to concrete action (9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34). Distinguish from the detached, universal karuṇā cultivated as a self-perfecting virtue in Jain ethics.
Harvest
Approved rendering: કાપણી
Transliteration: kāpaṇī
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: θερισμός
Category: Church
The ripe crop awaiting gathering (9:37-38), a mission-sending image precursor to the Great Commission.
Yoke
Approved rendering: ઝૂંસરી
Transliteration: jhũsarī
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship
A wooden frame joining draft animals; figuratively, discipleship’s burden of obligation (11:29-30). Distinguish from the burdensome vow-keeping (vrata) framework of merit-earning religious obligation.
Rest
Approved rendering: વિસામો
Transliteration: visāmo
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Discipleship
Relief and refreshment found specifically in relationship with Christ (11:28-29), not ascetic/meditative technique.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: વિશ્રામવાર
Transliteration: viśrāmvār
Doctrine: The Sabbath and the Fulfillment of the Law
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
The Mosaic covenant sign of weekly rest, over which Jesus asserts lordship (12:8). Distinguish from Jain/Hindu fasting or observance days (ekādaśī, paryuṣaṇ) kept as merit-earning disciplines.
Mystery
Approved rendering: રહસ્ય
Transliteration: rahasya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
Truth previously hidden, now graciously disclosed by God (13:11). Distinguish from esoteric secret knowledge (guhya vidyā) attained through initiation or ascetic advancement in Hindu/Jain traditions.
Defile
Approved rendering: અશુદ્ધ કરવું
Transliteration: aśuddha karavũ
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: κοινόω
Category: Sin
Ritual or moral defilement; Jesus relocates true impurity from external/ritual to internal/moral (15:11, 18-20), distinct from Jain dietary purity rules and Hindu ritual purity codes.
Satan
Approved rendering: શેતાન
Transliteration: Śetān
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Eschatology
The personal chief adversary of God and his people (4:10; 16:23); a real, personal spiritual adversary, not a mythic personification of evil-in-general.
Forgive
Approved rendering: માફ કરવું
Transliteration: māph karavũ
Doctrine: Grace and Reward
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Church
To release/cancel a debt or offense (6:12; 18:21-35), received from God and then relationally extended to others; must remain gift-based, not merit-transactional.
Divorce
Approved rendering: છૂટાછેડા
Transliteration: chūṭāchedā
Doctrine: Marriage and Divorce
Original: ἀπολύω
Category: Sin
Legal termination of a marriage (19:3-9), which Jesus grounds in God’s original creation design against a merely permissive legal reading.
Temple
Approved rendering: મંદિર
Transliteration: mandir
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ભક્તિસ્થાન
Original: ἱερόν / ναός
Category: Covenant
The literal, physical Jerusalem Temple complex, cleansed by Jesus (21:12-13); its veil tears at his death (27:51). Genuinely distinct from baseline church/મંડળી; add a clarifying gloss on first use so readers do not devotionally equate it with a Hindu mandir.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: ઢોંગી
Transliteration: ḍhoṅgī
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: કપટી
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Sin
One whose outward religious performance masks inward corruption (23:13-29), reinforcing the righteousness-exceeding-the-Pharisees doctrine.
Betray
Approved rendering: દગો દેવો
Transliteration: dago devo
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Eschatology
To hand a person over to hostile authority, often treacherously; Judas’s betrayal (26:14-16, 47-50) through which God’s sovereign purpose is nonetheless accomplished.
Passover
Approved rendering: પાસ્ખાપર્વ
Transliteration: Pāskhāparv
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
Israel’s exodus-deliverance feast, within which the Last Supper is deliberately set, casting Christ’s death as the fulfillment of the Passover lamb typology. Requires OT background explanation.
Angel
Approved rendering: સ્વર્ગદૂત
Transliteration: svargadūt
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: દેવ, દેવતા
Original: ἄγγελος (κυρίου)
Category: God
A heavenly messenger sent by God to communicate personally and purposively (1:20; 2:13; 28:2). Distinguish from Hindu/Jain minor deities (deva/devatā); a created, personal servant-messenger, never an object of worship.
Follow
Approved rendering: અનુસરવું
Transliteration: anusaravũ
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
Committed, costly discipleship response to Jesus’ call (4:20, 22), the programmatic pattern throughout Matthew; must retain the sense of total life-reorientation, not casual admiration.
Temptation
Approved rendering: પરીક્ષણ
Transliteration: parīkṣaṇ
Doctrine: The Humanity of Christ
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Discipleship
Testing that may strengthen or seek to destroy faith; Satan’s direct assault on the Son’s obedience (4:1-11).
Will Of Father
Approved rendering: ઇચ્છા
Transliteration: icchā
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: θέλημα
Category: Discipleship
God’s settled purpose/desire; true discipleship is doing the Father’s will (7:21), modeled perfectly at Gethsemane (26:39). Distinguish God’s personal, purposive will from an impersonal cosmic order or fate.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવક્તા
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: જ્યોતિષી
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Recurs across Matthew’s fulfillment formulas (1:22, 2:5, 2:15, 2:17, 2:23) and Jesus’ self-identification (13:57). Not an astrologer. Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ભવિષ્યવાણી
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ભવિષ્યફળ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
God-inspired declaration fulfilled throughout Matthew’s infancy narrative and passion account. Inherited from Romans package.
Comforted
Approved rendering: દિલાસો પામવો
Transliteration: dilāso pāmavo
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Rejected alternatives: પ્રોત્સાહન પામવું
Original: παρακαλέω (passive)
Category: Kingdom
Passive reception of divine comfort (5:4); God himself, not self-soothing, is the comforter. Distinct from the baseline ‘exhort’ entry’s active-encouragement sense.
Hunger Thirst
Approved rendering: ભૂખ્યા / તરસ્યા
Transliteration: bhūkhyā / tarasyā
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πεινῶντες / διψῶντες
Category: Kingdom
Intense, all-consuming desire for righteousness (5:6), not a casual wish. Standard vocabulary; pair carefully with righteousness.
Satisfied
Approved rendering: તૃપ્ત થવું
Transliteration: tṛpta thavũ
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: χορτάζω
Category: Kingdom
Being fully filled by God himself (5:6), now in Christ and fully at the consummation.
Heart
Approved rendering: હૃદય
Transliteration: hṛdaya
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: καρδία
Category: Kingdom
The seat of thought, will, and emotion — the inner person (5:8; 15:18-19), the site of true righteousness or corruption.
Parable
Approved rendering: દ્રષ્ટાંત
Transliteration: dṛṣṭānt
Doctrine: Parables as a Teaching Method
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
Standard, well-established Gujarati term for Jesus’ characteristic teaching form (ch. 13, 18, 20-22, 24-25).
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: ખૂણાનો પથ્થર
Transliteration: khūṇāno paththar
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Church
The foundational stone determining a building’s structure; the rejected stone (Christ) becomes the church’s foundation (21:42).
Referenced passages