Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Corinthians (English → Turkish)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, citing the chapter(s) where it occurs. Terms marked [REUSE] carry an exact rendering already fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this curriculum and require entry into translation_memory.json at the start of Phase 2, with the risk tier below driving review routing per doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions.
| # | English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Turkish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapter(s) | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reconciliation | καταλλαγή / katallagē | Barıştırma | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | NEW | God-initiated, God-accomplished restoration of estranged relationship; never a human-achieved outcome. Distinct from Esenlik (peace) and from generic barış. |
| 2 | To reconcile | καταλλάσσω / katallassō | barıştırmak | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | NEW | Verb form of #1; God is always the grammatical subject/agent. |
| 3 | Be reconciled (imperative) | καταλλάγητε / katallagēte | ”Tanrı’yla barışın” | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:20 | NEW | Passive/middle voice: receive, not achieve, an already-accomplished reconciliation. |
| 4 | Ministry of reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς / diakonia tēs katallagēs | Barıştırma görevi/hizmeti | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18 | NEW | Extends #1 into ecclesiology; connects to Müjdeleme görevi (mission). |
| 5 | New creation | καινὴ κτίσις / kainē ktisis | Yeni yaratılış | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17 | REUSE (Galatians 6:15) | Full positive doctrinal statement here; God’s own creative act. |
| 6 | In Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ / en Christō | (contextual — no fixed single Turkish gloss; e.g. “Mesih’te”) | High | Christian Identity in Christ | throughout, esp. 5:17 | REUSE (Romans baseline framing) | Never collapsed into national/ethnic Turkish-Muslim identity categories. |
| 7 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | Doğruluk | Critical | Reconciliation with God / New Creation | 5:21; 9:9-10 | REUSE | Never salih amel; a credited status, not a deeds-ledger outcome. |
| 8 | Imputed righteousness (“made sin”/“become righteousness”) | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν / ἵνα γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ | ”onu günah saydı” / “biz Tanrı’nın doğruluğu olalım” | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:21 | REUSE logic (Sayılan doğruluk, Romans 4:3) | Forensic imputation both directions (sin to Christ, righteousness to believers); never an ontological change in Christ’s character. |
| 9 | Ambassador | πρεσβεύομεν / presbeuomen | büyükelçi | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:20 | NEW | Deliberately distinct from Elçi (apostle) to avoid conflating offices. |
| 10 | Love of Christ | ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ / agapē tou Christou | Mesih’in sevgisi | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:14 | NEW (sevgi introduced) | Objective genitive: Christ’s love for believers, the engine of ministry. |
| 11 | One died for all / all died | εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν / οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον | ”Biri herkes için öldü” / “hepsi öldü” | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:14-15 | NEW | Substitutionary atonement + corporate union-with-Christ death; reuses crucified_with_christ review discipline. |
| 12 | According to the flesh (evaluative standard) | κατὰ σάρκα / kata sarka | ”dünyasal ölçütlere göre” | High | New Creation in Christ | 5:16 | NEW (distinct from Benlik) | A worldly evaluative standard, not the Galatians “self-reliant nature” sense of flesh; keep the two uses distinguishable. |
| 13 | Judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ / bēma tou Christou | Mesih’in yargı kürsüsü | Critical | Reconciliation with God (eschatology) | 5:10 | NEW | Rewards/evaluation for the already-saved; never salvation-determining; distinguish from mizan. |
| 14 | Fear of the Lord | φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου / phobos tou Kyriou | Rab korkusu | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:11 | NEW | Reverential awe/accountability, not craven terror; note genuine resonance with takva. |
| 15 | Comfort/consolation | παράκλησις / paraklēsis | teselli | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1 | NEW | Distinct from Teşvik etmek (exhort, verb); noun of God’s compassionate consolation. |
| 16 | Affliction/suffering | θλῖψις / thlipsis | sıkıntı | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11 | NEW | Real, severe, historical suffering; not metaphorical or minor. |
| 17 | Sealed with the Spirit | σφραγισάμενος / sphragisamenos | mühürlendik | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:22 | REUSE (Ephesians 1:13) | No new risk; consistency only. |
| 18 | Down payment/guarantee | ἀρραβών / arrabōn | kapora | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:22; 5:5 | REUSE (Ephesians 1:14) | No new risk; consistency only. |
| 19 | Sincerity | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια — haplotēs / eilikrineia | içtenlik / saflık, katıksızlık | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1, 2 | NEW | Integrity of motive under public suspicion; contemporary resonance with distrust of religious leaders. |
| 20 | The Amen | τὸ Ἀμήν / to Amēn | Amin | Low | (God’s faithfulness) | 1:20 | REUSE | Standard transliteration. |
| 21 | Forgive/grant grace | χαρίζομαι / charizomai | bağışlamak | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:7, 10 | NEW | Etymologically tied to Lütuf; grace-shaped forgiveness. |
| 22 | Satan’s schemes | νοήματα / noēmata | Şeytan’ın tuzakları/düzenleri | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 2:11 | NEW | Resonant with, not conflated with, Islamic cin/şeytan cosmology. |
| 23 | Fragrance/aroma of Christ | ὀσμὴ Χριστοῦ / osmē Christou | Mesih’in güzel kokusu | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:15 | NEW | OT sacrificial-aroma background; low doctrinal risk. |
| 24 | Triumphal procession | θριαμβεύοντι / thriambeuonti | zafer alayında yürütüyor | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:14 | NEW | Roman military-triumph metaphor; needs explanatory note. |
| 25 | Peddling the word of God | καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ / kapēleuontes ton logon tou theou | ”Tanrı’nın sözünü ticarete/kazanca dönüştürenler” | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:17 | NEW | Strong contemporary resonance (televangelist-style suspicion); teaching asset, handle carefully. |
| 26 | New covenant / old covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / παλαιὰ διαθήκη | Yeni Antlaşma / Eski Antlaşma | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | REUSE root (Antlaşma) | Naskh/abrogation risk elevated beyond Galatians’ false_gospel caution; fulfillment, not correction-of-error, framing required. |
| 27 | Letter and Spirit | γράμμα / πνεῦμα — gramma / pneuma | yazılı yasa/harf / Kutsal Ruh | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | NEW / REUSE (Kutsal Ruh) | Anti-legalism, not anti-Scripture; connects to law_and_grace. |
| 28 | Veil | κάλυμμα / kalymma | perde (NEVER peçe/örtü) | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3, 4 | NEW | Deliberately avoids tesettür/hijab-debate collision; concealment metaphor only. |
| 29 | Boldness/confidence | παρρησία / parrēsia | cesaret / açık sözlülük | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:12; 7:4 | NEW | Low collision risk. |
| 30 | Being transformed | μεταμορφούμεθα / metamorphoumetha | ”sürekli başkalaşıyoruz” / “değişip Mesih’e benzer hale geliyoruz” | High | New Creation in Christ | 3:18 | NEW (related to but distinct from transfigured) | Ongoing process; flag tense distinction from Matthew 17:2’s one-time event. |
| 31 | Letters of recommendation | ἐπιστολαὶ συστατικαί / epistolai systatikai | tavsiye mektupları | Low | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:1 | NEW | Concrete, low risk. |
| 32 | The god of this age | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου / ho theos tou aiōnos toutou | bu çağın ilahı (NEVER “bu çağın Tanrısı”) | Critical | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 4:4 | NEW | Must use lowercase-register “ilah,” never “Tanrı,” to avoid implying ditheism. |
| 33 | Treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν / thēsauron en ostrakinois skeuesin | ”Bu hazineyi toprak kaplarda taşıyoruz” | Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:7 | NEW | Foreshadows ch. 12’s core doctrine. |
| 34 | Inner man / outer man | ὁ ἔσω / ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος | içimizdeki varlığımız / dışımızdaki varlığımız | Medium-High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:16 | NEW | Functional distinction, not Sufi nafs/ruh dualism; body suffering is real, not denied. |
| 35 | Weight of glory | βάρος δόξης / baros doxēs | yücelik ağırlığı | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:17 | NEW (reuse Yücelik) | Present suffering is real, comparatively outweighed. |
| 36 | Glory | δόξα / doxa | Yücelik | High | (multiple) | 3, 4 | REUSE | No new risk. |
| 37 | Tent (body) | σκῆνος / skēnos | çadır | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:1-4 | NEW | Body-as-temporary-dwelling metaphor. |
| 38 | Building from God | οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ / oikodomēn ek theou | ”Tanrı’dan gelen bir bina/ev” | Medium | New Creation in Christ | 5:1 | NEW | Future resurrection body. |
| 39 | Groan | στενάζομεν / stenazomen | inliyoruz | Low-Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:2, 4 | NEW | |
| 40 | Unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγοῦντες / heterozygountes | ”aynı boyunduruğa girmeyin” | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 6:14 | NEW | Elevated risk given interfaith-marriage/family pastoral application; needs non-coercive framing. |
| 41 | Temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος / naos theou zōntos | yaşayan Tanrı’nın tapınağı | Medium | (Church as God’s People) | 6:16 | NEW | Use tapınak, not cami/kilise-as-building. |
| 42 | Beliar | Βελίαρ / Beliar | Beliar | Low-Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 6:15 | NEW | Transliterated name for Satan. |
| 43 | Godly sorrow / worldly sorrow | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / λύπη τοῦ κόσμου | ”Tanrı’ya göre üzüntü” / “dünyaya göre üzüntü” | High | (Repentance, extending Matthew doctrine) | 7:9-10 | NEW | Distinguish from generic pişmanlık (regret). |
| 44 | Repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | tövbe / Tövbe edin | High | (Repentance) | 7:9-10 | REUSE (Matthew 3:2, 8) | No new risk. |
| 45 | Grace (as generosity) | χάρις / charis | Lütuf (with bağış/yardım as secondary gloss) | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8 | REUSE + semantic extension flagged | Same word for saving grace and its fruit; do not substitute an unrelated Turkish word. |
| 46 | Fellowship in ministry | κοινωνία τῆς διακονίας / koinōnia tēs diakonias | Paydaşlık | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:4 | REUSE | No new risk. |
| 47 | Equality/fairness | ἰσότης / isotēs | eşitlik/denklik | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | NEW | Genuine zakat-adjacent resonance; distinguish voluntary vs. obligatory-pillar giving. |
| 48 | Voluntary/of one’s own accord | αὐθαίρετοι / authairetoi | kendi istekleriyle | Low-Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:3, 17 | NEW | |
| 49 | Cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸν δότην / hilaron dotēn | sevinçle veren | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | NEW | |
| 50 | Sowing and reaping | σπείρων … θερίσει / speirōn … therisei | ”Ne ekerse onu biçer” pattern | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:6 | REUSE (Galatians 6:7-9) | Kader/kısmet caution applies; personal God as source/multiplier must stay explicit. |
| 51 | Fruit of righteousness | καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης / karpon dikaiosynēs | doğruluğun meyvesi | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:10 | NEW (reuse Doğruluk) | Fruit, not ground, of righteousness; avoid sevap-style merit reading. |
| 52 | Weapons not of the flesh | τὰ ὅπλα … οὐ σαρκικά / ta hopla … ou sarkika | ”silahlarımız insani/dünyasal silahlar değildir” | Critical | Power in Weakness / Genuine vs False Apostleship | 10:4 | NEW | Acute cihat/jihad-resonance risk; must be taught as strictly metaphorical, non-violent. |
| 53 | Boasting in the Lord | καυχάσθω ἐν κυρίῳ / kauchasthō en kyriō | ”Rab’de övünsün” | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:17 | NEW (reuse Övünmek, Rab) | Legitimate boasting redirected entirely to the Lord. |
| 54 | Taking thoughts captive to obedience | αἰχμαλωτίζοντες εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ | ”her düşünceyi Mesih’e itaate tutsak ediyoruz” | High | Power in Weakness | 10:5 | NEW (reuse İmanın getirdiği itaat) | Faith-flowing obedience, not islam-style submission-as-merit. |
| 55 | False apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι / pseudapostoloi | sahte elçiler | Critical | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | NEW (reuse Elçi root) | Sharp, deliberate polemic; must not be softened. |
| 56 | Super-apostles (ironic) | οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι / hoi hyperlian apostoloi | ”üstün elçiler” (ironic) | Critical | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | NEW (reuse Elçi root) | Sarcasm must be flagged in teaching material. |
| 57 | Angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός / angelos phōtos | ışık meleği | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:14 | NEW (reuse melek) | Deceptive appearance vs. reality. |
| 58 | Foolishness (rhetorical) | ἀφροσύνη / aphrosynē | ”akılsızlıkmış gibi” | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:1, 16-21 | NEW | Ironic rhetorical device; needs explanatory note. |
| 59 | Catalog of sufferings | κίνδυνοι κ.τ.λ. / kindynoi etc. | tehlikeler/zorluklar | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 11:23-28 | NEW | Full concrete force required; core evidence for Power in Weakness. |
| 60 | Third heaven | ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ / heōs tritou ouranou | üçüncü gök | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12:2 | NEW | Explicit Miraç-resonance teaching required; not a rival ascension claim. |
| 61 | Paradise | παράδεισος / paradeisos | cennet (clarified, distinct referent) | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12:4 | REUSE (Luke 23:43 discipline) | Same clarifying note as Luke package. |
| 62 | Thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί / skolops tē sarki | bedenimde bir diken | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | NEW | Standard idiom; identity intentionally unspecified. |
| 63 | Messenger of Satan | ἄγγελος σατανᾶ / angelos satana | Şeytan’ın meleği | High | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | NEW (reuse melek) | Operates within, not outside, God’s providence (Tanrı’nın yönetimi). |
| 64 | My grace is sufficient / power in weakness | ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου / ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείჳ τελειοῦται | ”Lütfum sana yeter… gücüm güçsüzlükte tamamlanır/görkemini gösterir” | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12:9 | REUSE (Lütuf, Tanrı’nın gücü) | Core doctrine; honor-shame sensitive; distinguish from Sufi ascetic self-effacement technique. |
| 65 | Examine/test yourselves | ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε … δοκιμάζετε | ”kendinizi sınayın … deneyin/test edin” | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 13:5 | NEW | Guard against contradicting Assurance of Salvation via scrupulous self-doubt. |
| 66 | Trinitarian benediction | ἡ χάρις … ἡ ἀγάπη … ἡ κοινωνία | ”Rab İsa Mesih’in lütfu, Tanrı’nın sevgisi ve Kutsal Ruh’un paydaşlığı hepinizle birlikte olsun” | Critical | (Trinitarian doctrine, closing) | 13:14 | REUSE (Lütuf, Rab, Kutsal Ruh, Paydaşlık) + NEW (sevgi) | Tripartite structure must be retained exactly, matching Ephesians 4:4-6 discipline. |
| 67 | Love (agapē, in the benediction) | ἀγάπη / agapē | sevgi | Medium | (Trinitarian doctrine) | 13:11, 14 | NEW | Distinguish from aşk (romantic) and Sufi ilahi aşk (mystical-absorptive); relational, self-giving, non-erotic. |
Chapters Introducing No New Load-Bearing Terms
None. Every chapter of 2 Corinthians (1–13) contributes at least one load-bearing theological term documented above; this is consistent with the letter’s densely argumentative, polemical, and pastoral character throughout.
Cross-Reference to Baseline Doctrines
The following 2 Corinthians terms directly extend Critical/High doctrines already established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json and must be taught, reviewed, and routed with the same rigor:
imputed_righteousness(Romans 4:3) → extended at 2 Corinthians 5:21 (#8)crucified_with_christ(Galatians 2:20) → extended at 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 (#11)flesh_versus_spirit(Galatians 5:13-25) → contrasted usage at 2 Corinthians 5:16, 10:4 (#12, #52) — same Greek root, distinct sense, must not be mergedsowing_and_reaping(Galatians 6:7-9) → extended positively at 2 Corinthians 9:6 (#50)fruit_of_the_spirit(Galatians 5:22-23) → parallel caution at 2 Corinthians 9:10 (#51)armor_of_god(Ephesians 6:10-20) → extended at 2 Corinthians 10:4, 11:14, 12:7 (#52, #57, #63)worship_of_angels(Colossians 2:18) → related caution at 2 Corinthians 11:14 (#57)assurance_of_salvation(Romans 8:1, 28-39) → guarded against misreading at 2 Corinthians 13:5 (#65)sevenfold_unity(Ephesians 4:4-6) /great_commission(Matthew 28:19) → structural discipline extended to 2 Corinthians 13:14 (#66)repentance(Matthew 3:2, 8) → extended at 2 Corinthians 7:9-10 (#43, #44)providence(Romans 8:28) → invoked at 2 Corinthians 12:7 (#63)
This document should be read alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-level and chapter-level context on each entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Doğruluk
Transliteration: doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (righteous deeds), adalet (justice, generic)
CRITICAL: Never render as salih amel. Doğruluk in 2 Corinthians 5:21 and 9:9-10 is a right standing granted through faith/imputation, not a deeds-ledger outcome. Inherited from Romans package.
Justification
Approved rendering: Aklanma
Transliteration: ahk-lahn-MAH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: günahların affı (forgiveness of sins, alone), temize çıkma (colloquial ‘being cleared’)
Forensic-legal declaration of righteousness, relevant background for 5:21’s imputation logic even though the noun itself is not used in 2 Corinthians. Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: cennete girmek (entering paradise, as the whole content), necat (Ottoman/Arabic register)
CRITICAL: Present, Christ-secured deliverance, not a deferred hoped-for outcome. Relevant background for 13:5’s self-examination caution against re-auditing salvation-worthiness. Inherited from Romans package.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Diriliş
Transliteration: dee-ree-LEESH
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: göğe yükseliş (ascension, alone), ruhsal diriliş (spiritual-only revival)
CRITICAL: Must affirm a real historical death followed by bodily resurrection, directly reused at 2 Corinthians 5:15’s ‘died and was raised’ pairing. Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: Rab
Transliteration: RAHB
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: efendi (master, non-divine), üstat (teacher/master)
Reused throughout (5:11 fear of the Lord; 10:17 boasting in the Lord; 13:14 Trinitarian benediction). Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Oğlu
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn oh-LOO
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın sevgili kulu (God’s beloved servant), kutsal kişi (holy person)
Relevant background Christology for 5:19’s ‘God was in Christ’ incarnational statement and 5:21’s requirement of Christ’s total sinlessness. Inherited from Romans package.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Beden alma
Transliteration: beh-DEN ahl-MAH
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın insan kılığına girmesi (God disguising himself as a human), tecessüm (bare philosophical term without doctrinal framing)
Relevant background for 5:19’s ‘God was in Christ, reconciling’ — a functionally incarnational claim requiring cross-reference to this doctrine. Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peygamber’ (Prophet Jesus, without Mesih)
CRITICAL: Must consistently pair İsa with Mesih (İsa Mesih) rather than using İsa alone, especially in the 13:14 Trinitarian benediction. Inherited from Romans package.
God
Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah (theologically usable but politically/socially contested for Christian texts in some contexts)
CRITICAL: Reserved exclusively, and always capitalized, for the one true God throughout this Language Package. This reservation is the direct basis for the mandatory lower-register ‘ilah’ rendering of ‘the god of this age’ (4:4, god_of_this_age below) — Tanrı must NEVER be used for that phrase. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Cebrail (the archangel Gabriel)
CRITICAL: The third Person of the Trinity, not an angel. Reused in 3:6’s letter/Spirit contrast (letter_and_spirit below) and the 13:14 Trinitarian benediction. Inherited from Romans package.
Father
Approved rendering: Baba
Transliteration: bah-BAH
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Yaratıcı (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Relevant background for the 13:14 Trinitarian benediction’s second clause, ‘the love of God’ (Tanrı’nın sevgisi), understood as the Father’s own self-giving love. Inherited from Romans package.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesih
Transliteration: meh-SEEH
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: sadece bir peygamber (merely a prophet)
CRITICAL: Every use in this book must carry full OT-fulfillment content; recurs throughout, especially love_of_christ (5:14), one_died_for_all (5:14-15), and false/super-apostles polemic (ch. 11). Inherited from Romans package.
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’le birlikte çarmıha gerilmek
Transliteration: meh-SEEH-leh beer-LEEK-teh char-muh-HAH geh-reel-MEK
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: nefis mücahedesi (Sufi ascetic self-discipline) framing
Discipline reused for 2 Corinthians 5:14-15’s ‘one died for all… all died’ corporate-union language (one_died_for_all below): done TO the believer in union with Christ, never a repeatable ascetic exercise. Inherited from Romans package.
Not Of Works
Approved rendering: iyi işlerin sonucu değildir
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-leh-REEN soh-noo-JOO deh-eel-DEER
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace Through Faith
Rejected alternatives: salih amel değildir (imports the specific Islamic righteous-deeds category)
Discipline reused as a caution for 9:10’s fruit_of_righteousness: generosity is fruit, never ground, of righteousness. Inherited from Romans package.
Good Works
Approved rendering: iyi işler
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace Through Faith
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (imports the Islamic deeds-weighed-at-judgment category)
Discipline reused as a caution for chapters 8-9’s generosity doctrine: fruit, not ground, of salvation. Inherited from Romans package.
Armor Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın bütün silahları / zırhı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn byoo-TYOON see-lah-lah-RUH / zuhr-HUH
Doctrine: The Armor of God
Relevant spiritual-warfare cosmology background for 10:3-6’s weapons_not_of_flesh, 11:14’s angel_of_light, and 12:7’s messenger_of_satan. Inherited from Romans package.
Sevenfold Unity
Approved rendering: tek beden, tek Ruh, tek Rab, tek iman, tek vaftiz, herkesin Tanrısı ve Babası tek Tanrı
Transliteration: tehk beh-DEHN, tehk ROOH, tehk RAHB, tehk ee-MAHN, tehk vahf-TEEZ
Doctrine: Unity of the Spirit
Structural discipline (retain all enumerated items unqualified) reused for the 13:14 Trinitarian benediction (trinitarian_benediction below). Inherited from Romans package.
Great Commission
Approved rendering: Gidin, bütün ulusları öğrencilerim olarak yetiştirin; onları Baba, Oğul ve Kutsal Ruh’un adıyla vaftiz edin
Transliteration: gee-DEEN, byoo-TYOON oo-loos-lah-RUH ur-rehn-jee-leh-REEM
Doctrine: The Resurrection and the Great Commission
Trinitarian-formula discipline reused as structural precedent for the 13:14 benediction (trinitarian_benediction below). Inherited from Romans package.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: Sayılan doğruluk
Transliteration: sah-yuh-LAHN doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: kazanılmış doğruluk (earned righteousness)
The accounting-metaphor discipline underlying 2 Corinthians 5:21’s double exchange (sin_and_righteousness_exchange below), applied here in both directions: sin credited to Christ, righteousness credited to believers. Inherited from Romans package.
Circumcision And New Creation
Approved rendering: Yeni yaratılış
Transliteration: yeh-NEE yah-rah-tuh-LUSH
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: tövbe (repentance/moral course-correction alone), fena/self-annihilation imagery
This exact Turkish rendering, first fixed at Galatians 6:15, is reused and given its fullest positive doctrinal statement at 2 Corinthians 5:17 (new_creation below), where the concept is fully unpacked rather than merely assumed. Inherited from Romans package.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Barıştırma
Transliteration: bah-ruhsh-tuhr-MAH
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Esenlik (a different Greek word, εἰρήνη), barış (generic political/interpersonal peace), sulh (archaic formal-legal, too symmetrical), Rahmet (compatible with a merit-and-mercy soteriology, not a mediated-death transaction)
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:18-20 (core passage). The restoration of a relationship from estrangement to peace; here, God’s act of restoring sinful humanity through Christ. Islamic theology has no category of God needing to be reconciled to humanity via a mediating death, since sin is addressed through tövbe and rahmet directly. The causative Turkish morphology (barıştırmak, ‘to cause to be at peace’) is a genuine linguistic asset: it grammatically encodes God as agent. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
Reconcile Verb
Approved rendering: barıştırmak
Transliteration: bah-ruhsh-tuhr-MAHK
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: barışmak (intransitive/mutual, loses the one-directional divine agency)
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:18-19. God is always the grammatical subject/agent of this verb; never render with a verb implying humans reconcile themselves to God through their own effort.
Be Reconciled
Approved rendering: Tanrı’yla barışın
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-YLAH bah-ruh-SHUHN
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: kendinizi Tanrı’yla barıştırın (active/self-achievement reading, forbidden)
Original: καταλλάγητε
Category: Reconciliation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:20. The imperative’s passive/middle voice matters theologically: a call to RECEIVE an already-accomplished reconciliation, not to achieve it. Guards against a salih-amel-style misreading.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Barıştırma görevi/hizmeti
Transliteration: bah-ruhsh-tuhr-MAH gur-eh-VEE / heez-meh-TEE
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: genel insani barışseverlik faaliyeti (generic humanitarian peacemaking)
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:18. Extends Barıştırma into ecclesiology/mission; connects to Müjdeleme görevi (mission) — reconciliation-proclamation, not generic peace activism.
New Creation
Approved rendering: Yeni yaratılış
Transliteration: yeh-NEE yah-rah-tuh-LUSH
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: tövbe alone (moral course-correction), psychological fresh-start framing
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
NEW/EXTENDED. 2 Corinthians 5:17. Reuses circumcision_and_new_creation’s exact rendering from Galatians 6:15, here given the fullest POSITIVE doctrinal statement in the curriculum: God’s own creative act, not a restoration of an original innocent state (fitrah-adjacent) nor a graded Sufi-style attainment.
Righteousness 2cor
Approved rendering: Doğruluk
Transliteration: doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: salih amel
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
NEW (reuse, contextual note). 2 Corinthians 5:21; 9:9-10. Reused exactly from baseline righteousness; never a deeds-ledger outcome.
Sin And Righteousness Exchange
Approved rendering: onu günah saydı… biz Tanrı’nın doğruluğu olalım
Transliteration: oh-NOO goo-NAH sigh-DUH… beez tahn-ruh-NUHN doh-roo-loo-OO oh-lah-LUHM
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: onu günahkâr kıldı / onu günahlı yaptı (Christ becoming personally sinful — heresy, and ammunition for Islamic polemic per Qur’an 6:164)
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν, ἵνα ἡμεῖς γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:21 — the single highest-risk clause in the core passage. The double forensic exchange: the sinless Christ counted/credited as sin-bearer so believers are counted/credited as God’s own righteousness. Reuses the Sayılan doğruluk (imputed_righteousness) accounting discipline in the reverse direction. Mandatory theologian review, non-negotiable.
Love Of Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’in sevgisi
Transliteration: meh-SEE-heen sev-gee-SEE
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Mesih’e olan sevgimiz (subjective genitive misreading — our love for Christ)
Original: ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:14. Objective genitive: Christ’s own self-giving love FOR believers, the compelling engine of ministry, not a generic devotional feeling. Reuse sevgi consistent with the 13:14 Trinitarian benediction convention.
One Died For All
Approved rendering: Biri herkes için öldü… hepsi öldü
Transliteration: bee-REE her-KES ee-CHEEN url-DOO… hep-SEE url-DOO
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Mesih herkese örnek oldu (exemplarist reading — forbidden)
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν… οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον
Category: Salvation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:14-15. Substitutionary atonement (hyper = in place of, not merely for the benefit of) plus corporate union-with-Christ death. Reuses the crucified_with_christ theologian-review discipline; ‘hepsi öldü’ is corporate/representative, not literal physical death of all humanity.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’in yargı kürsüsü
Transliteration: meh-SEE-heen yahr-GUH kyoor-syoo-SYOO
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: mizan (Islamic Judgment-Day deeds-weighing framework)
Original: τὸ βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:10. The tribunal evaluating already-saved believers’ deeds for reward/commendation, NOT determining salvation (which is already secured per the baseline’s Critical assurance_of_salvation doctrine). Must be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished from the Islamic Last Judgment/mizan framework.
New Covenant Old Covenant
Approved rendering: Yeni Antlaşma / Eski Antlaşma
Transliteration: YEH-nee ahnt-lahsh-MAH / ES-kee ahnt-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: nesih/mensuh (Islamic abrogation vocabulary — forbidden), yürürlükten kalkmak (legally repealed/invalidated)
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη / παλαιὰ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW (reuse of Antlaşma root). 2 Corinthians 3 (entire chapter). The single most naskh/abrogation-adjacent passage in the curriculum: Paul’s own language of the old covenant’s glory ‘being brought to an end’ must be taught as typological fulfillment (temporary-by-design), never correction of error (naskh) nor rejection of the covenant’s original goodness (Marcionism). Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence in ch. 3.
Veil
Approved rendering: perde
Transliteration: PEHR-deh
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: peçe, örtü, başörtü
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW. 2 Corinthians 3:13-16 (echoed 4:3-4). HARD FENCE: NEVER peçe or örtü/başörtü, given Turkey’s live, politically charged tesettür/secularism debate. Perde (generic curtain/covering, e.g. theater/window curtain) preserves the concealment metaphor without importing this unrelated controversy. The single highest-stakes lexical fence in this letter; mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review for every occurrence.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: bu çağın ilahı
Transliteration: boo chah-UHN ee-lah-HUH
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: bu çağın Tanrısı (capitalized Tanrı — forbidden, implies ditheism)
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 2 Corinthians 4:4. Deliberately lower-register, generic ‘ilah’ (a god/deity), never capitalized ‘Tanrı,’ which is reserved exclusively for the one true God throughout this Language Package. Mandatory accompanying teaching note: this reflects Satan’s derivative, already-defeated influence over blinded perception, not a statement about ultimate reality. Mandatory theologian review.
Weapons Not Of Flesh
Approved rendering: silahlarımız insani/dünyasal silahlar değildir
Transliteration: see-lah-lah-ruh-MUHZ een-sah-NEE / dyoon-yah-SAHL see-lah-LAHR deh-eel-DEER
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: cihat/cihad vocabulary or resonance (forbidden)
Original: τὰ ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν οὐ σαρκικά
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 2 Corinthians 10:3-5. One of the highest cultural-collision risks in the book: acute political sensitivity given resonance with cihat in its militant popular sense. Teaching material MUST state repeatedly and explicitly this is entirely metaphorical, non-violent, non-coercive rhetorical/spiritual struggle against arguments and thought patterns. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: sahte elçiler
Transliteration: sah-TEH el-chee-LEHR
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: farklı bir görüş (mere differing viewpoint, softens Paul’s polemic)
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW (reuse Elçi root). 2 Corinthians 11:13. Sharp, deliberate polemic; must retain Paul’s confrontational tone, never diplomatically flattened. Mandatory theologian review.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: üstün elçiler (ironic)
Transliteration: yoos-TYOON el-chee-LEHR
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Paul’s genuine concession of inferiority (unflagged literal reading, forbidden)
Original: οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW (reuse Elçi root). 2 Corinthians 11:5; 12:11. Paul’s sarcastic title for self-important rivals; irony must be explicitly flagged in teaching material so Turkish readers do not read this as sincere self-deprecation.
Third Heaven
Approved rendering: üçüncü gök
Transliteration: yoo-choon-JYOO gurk
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: Miraç ile eşdeğer bir yükseliş iddiası (equivalence with the Islamic ascension doctrine — forbidden)
Original: ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 12:2. Unavoidable, high-salience resonance with the Islamic Miraç; must be addressed explicitly, never avoided in silence. Key distinctions: Paul reports uncertainly, not triumphantly; Paul’s era’s cosmology, not a rival ascension claim; self-humbling purpose (paired with the thorn), not self-elevating. Mandatory theologian review.
Paradise 2cor
Approved rendering: cennet
Transliteration: jehn-NET
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW (reuse of the Luke 23:43 discipline). 2 Corinthians 12:4. Refers to Paul’s temporary visionary experience, not final entry to eternal reward; same clarifying distinction from the Islamic eschatological referent required.
Grace Sufficient Power In Weakness
Approved rendering: Lütfum sana yeter… gücüm güçsüzlükte tamamlanır
Transliteration: LYOOT-foom sah-NAH yeh-TEHR… goo-JOOM gooch-syooz-look-TEH tah-mahm-lah-NUHR
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: nefis mücahedesi (chosen ascetic self-weakening technique)
Original: ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου· ἡ γὰρ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται
Category: Sanctification
NEW (reuse Lütuf, Tanrı’nın gücü). 2 Corinthians 12:9. The core statement of Power in Weakness. Honor-shame-sensitive; must be distinguished from Sufi ascetic self-effacement — Paul’s weakness is unchosen and God-permitted, not a chosen spiritual discipline. Mandatory theologian review.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: Rab İsa Mesih’in lütfu, Tanrı’nın sevgisi ve Kutsal Ruh’un paydaşlığı hepinizle birlikte olsun
Transliteration: RAHB ee-SAH meh-see-HEEN lyoot-FOO, tahn-ruh-NUHN sev-gee-SEE veh koot-SAHL roo-HOON pie-dahsh-luh-UH heh-pee-neez-LEH beer-leek-TEH ohl-SOON
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
NEW (reuse Lütuf, Rab, Kutsal Ruh, Paydaşlık). 2 Corinthians 13:14. The letter’s closing tripartite benediction naming Son (grace), Father (love), Spirit (fellowship) distinctly. Structure must match the Ephesians 4:4-6/Matthew 28:19 discipline exactly. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjde
Transliteration: MYUZH-deh
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: İncil (bare, unqualified), iyi haber (generic)
Müjde (‘good news’) is the established Turkish Bible term. Avoid using bare İncil for ‘gospel-as-message’ since İncil primarily names the book/collection and, in the Quranic frame, the (allegedly corrupted) revelation given to Isa; Müjde keeps the living-proclamation sense distinct from that loaded association. Inherited from Romans package.
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmet, keramet, bağış
Lütuf conveys unearned favor given apart from merit. Rahmet (‘mercy’) is compatible with a merit-and-mercy salvation framework, not grace apart from works. In 2 Corinthians 8-9 this same word is deliberately extended to name the visible fruit of generosity (grace_as_generosity below); do not substitute an unrelated word for the collection itself. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: inanç (generic belief)
İman is shared with Islamic vocabulary denoting assent to the six pillars; 2 Corinthians’ iman is personal trust in Christ specifically. Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: Çağrılmış
Transliteration: chah-ruhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: davet edilmiş (invited)
Context-sensitive sovereign summons. Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: Çağrı
Transliteration: chah-RUH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: davet
Noun form for the act/state of being called. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: Kutsal
Transliteration: koot-SAHL
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: temiz (ritually clean), mübarek (blessed)
Set apart for God, morally pure. Inherited from Romans package.
Saints
Approved rendering: Kutsallar
Transliteration: koot-sahl-LAHR
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: evliyalar (Sufi-tradition holy/saintly figures), azizler (venerated holy figures)
All believers corporately, relevant background for church-as-God’s-people references (e.g., temple_of_living_god, 6:16). Inherited from Romans package.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Kutsallaşma
Transliteration: koot-sahl-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: arınma (ritual purification)
The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy; background for 3:18’s ongoing-transformation doctrine. Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yasa
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yah-SAH
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: şeriat (Islamic religious law), Tevrat Yasası (bare ‘Torah law’)
Refers to the Mosaic law; relevant throughout 2 Corinthians 3’s letter/Spirit and old-covenant discussion. NEVER şeriat. Inherited from Romans package.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAH
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: hata (mistake/error), kusur (flaw/defect)
Standard term; central to 5:21’s double exchange (sin_and_righteousness_exchange below). Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (divine light, heavily loaded in Islamic and Sufi mysticism as Muhammad’s pre-existent light)
Central to chapters 3-4’s old-covenant/new-covenant glory contrast and 4:17’s weight-of-glory doctrine. Inherited from Romans package.
Providence
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın yönetimi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn yur-neh-tee-MEE
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: kader (fate/predestination in the qadar sense), kısmet
Relevant background for 12:7’s messenger_of_satan doctrine: even Satan-permitted affliction operates within, not outside, God’s sovereign purposes. Inherited from Romans package.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: İmanın getirdiği itaat
Transliteration: ee-mahn-UHN geh-teer-DEE-ee ee-tah-AHT
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: İslam’a (teslimiyet) benzer itaat (submission modeled on Islamic surrender)
Reused for 10:5’s ‘taking every thought captive to obey Christ’ (thoughts_captive_to_obedience below), keeping the obedience faith-flowing, not merit-earning submission. Inherited from Romans package.
Flesh
Approved rendering: Benlik
Transliteration: ben-LEEK
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: beden (physical body, would imply body-negation)
Self-reliant fallen nature. Note carefully: 2 Corinthians 5:16’s ‘according to the flesh’ (κατὰ σάρκα) and 10:4’s ‘weapons not of the flesh’ (σαρκικά) are DIFFERENT senses — an evaluative worldly standard and a methods-not-worldly-power sense, respectively — and must be rendered with distinct Turkish phrasing (see according_to_the_flesh_evaluative and weapons_not_of_flesh below), never collapsed into Benlik’s ethical-nature sense. Inherited from Romans package.
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruh’un meyvesi
Transliteration: roo-HOON mey-veh-SEE
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: sevap (merit-points earned by pious deeds)
Discipline reused as a caution for 9:10’s fruit_of_righteousness (below): the Spirit’s/God’s own produce, never self-generated merit. Inherited from Romans package.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: Ne ekerse onu biçer
Transliteration: neh eh-KER-seh oh-NOO bee-CHER
Doctrine: Divine Judgment and Moral Accountability
Rejected alternatives: a rendering left unglossed against the existing Turkish secular idiom of the same form
Reused positively in 2 Corinthians 9:6 for generous giving (sowing_and_reaping_giving below); the personal God who supplies and multiplies must remain explicit against a fatalistic kader/kısmet reading. Inherited from Romans package.
Sealed With The Spirit
Approved rendering: mühürlendik
Transliteration: myoo-hyoor-lehn-DEEK
Doctrine: Sealing of the Holy Spirit
Reused exactly at 2 Corinthians 1:22 and 5:5 (sealed_with_spirit_2cor below). Inherited from Romans package.
Worship Of Angels
Approved rendering: meleklere tapınma
Transliteration: meh-lehk-leh-REH tah-puhn-MAH
Doctrine: Freedom from Religious Regulations
Relevant caution background for 11:14’s angel_of_light: angels/melek vocabulary is shared with Islamic cosmology and must be handled per this established discipline (note resonance, never conflate). Inherited from Romans package.
Transfigured
Approved rendering: başkalaştı
Transliteration: bahsh-kah-lahsh-TUH
Doctrine: The Transfiguration
One-time, aorist event (Matthew 17:2). Must remain grammatically and doctrinally distinct from 2 Corinthians 3:18’s ongoing, present-tense ‘being transformed’ (being_transformed below), despite sharing a Greek root. Inherited from Romans package.
Repentance
Approved rendering: tövbe / Tövbe edin
Transliteration: turv-BEH
Doctrine: Salvation
Reused exactly in 2 Corinthians 7:9-10 (repentance_2cor below), as the fruit of godly sorrow; never an independent, self-sufficient human act apart from Christ’s atoning work. Inherited from Romans package.
In Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’te
Transliteration: meh-SEEH-teh
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: ulusal/etnik Türk-Müslüman kimliği ile birleştirme (collapsing into national/ethnic identity)
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
NEW (contextual; no single fixed gloss, consistent with baseline christian_identity_in_christ framing). 2 Corinthians 5:17 and throughout. Must never collapse into Turkish-Muslim ethnic/national identity categories, a live risk given the popular fusion of ‘Turk’ and ‘Muslim.‘
Ambassador
Approved rendering: büyükelçi
Transliteration: byoo-yook-el-CHEE
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: Elçi (reserved for ἀπόστολος/apostle, would conflate the two offices)
Original: πρεσβεύομεν
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:20. Standard modern Turkish diplomatic-ambassador word, imported (not previously claimed) into this Language Package. Deliberately distinct from Elçi to avoid conflating apostolic office with this broader gospel-proclamation metaphor.
According To The Flesh Evaluative
Approved rendering: dünyasal ölçütlere göre
Transliteration: dyoon-yah-SAHL url-CHOOT-leh-reh gur-REH
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: Benlik-based rendering (would conflate with the Galatians ethical fallen-nature sense of flesh)
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:16. κατὰ σάρκα here denotes a worldly EVALUATIVE STANDARD, distinct from the flesh_versus_spirit ethical-nature sense (Benlik). Render distinctly to keep these two related-but-different Pauline uses of ‘flesh’ lexically separate.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Rab korkusu
Transliteration: rahb kor-koo-SOO
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: köle korkusu (craven terror)
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:11. Reverential awe/accountability before Christ’s coming judgment, not craven terror. Genuine, positive point of contact with takva (Islamic God-consciousness), provided the connection to Christ’s judgment seat (v.10) is retained explicitly.
Comfort Consolation
Approved rendering: teselli
Transliteration: teh-sel-LEE
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: iyi hissettirme (generic feel-good language)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 1:3-7 and throughout. Distinct from Teşvik etmek (the established rendering for parakaleō’s exhortation-verb sense); this noun denotes God’s own compassionate consolation flowing from his character, not a human coping technique.
Affliction Suffering
Approved rendering: sıkıntı
Transliteration: suh-kuhn-TUH
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: sıkıntı read as minor everyday inconvenience only
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 1:3-11 and throughout (esp. 11:23-28). Must be intensified with modifiers (‘ağır sıkıntı,’ ‘ölümle yüz yüze gelme’) in the most severe passages (1:8-9) to prevent flattening into ordinary life-stress vocabulary.
Sealed With Spirit 2cor
Approved rendering: mühürlendik
Transliteration: myoo-hyoor-lehn-DEEK
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: σφραγισάμενος
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 1:22; 5:5. Reused exactly from the Ephesians baseline (1:13). No new risk; consistency requirement only.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: içtenlik / saflık, katıksızlık
Transliteration: eech-ten-LEEK / sahf-LUHK, kah-tuhk-suhz-LUHK
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: sadece kibarlık (mere niceness)
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 1:12; 2:17. İçtenlik as primary, paired with katıksızlık (unmixed/unadulterated, as of food/substances) to convey ἁπλότης’s single-minded, unmixed-motive sense more precisely than İçtenlik alone. Integrity under public scrutiny, resonant with contemporary Turkish distrust of religious leaders’ financial and personal motives.
Peddling Word Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın sözünü ticarete/kazanca dönüştürenler
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-NUHN sur-zyoo-NYOO tee-jah-reh-TEH / kah-zahn-JAH dur-nyoosh-tyoo-ren-LEHR
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: genel bir din adamları eleştirisi (blanket criticism of religious professionals as a class)
Original: καπηλεύοντες (τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 2:17. Strong, productive resonance with contemporary Turkish suspicion of televangelist-style religious profiteering; must read as Paul’s own self-differentiation, not a blanket accusation.
Letter And Spirit
Approved rendering: yazılı yasa/harf (γράμμα); Kutsal Ruh (πνεῦμα, reused)
Transliteration: yah-zuh-LUH yah-SAH / HAHRF; koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: Kutsal Yazıların kendisi sorunludur (anti-Scripture misreading)
Original: γράμμα / πνεῦμα
Category: Covenant
NEW/reuse. 2 Corinthians 3:6. Anti-legalism, not anti-Scripture; external Torah-performance versus the Spirit’s inward, life-giving work. Connects to the baseline law_and_grace discipline.
Being Transformed
Approved rendering: sürekli başkalaşıyoruz / değişip Mesih’e benzer hale geliyoruz
Transliteration: syoo-rek-LEE bahsh-kah-lah-shuh-yoh-ROOZ
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: başkalaştı (one-time aorist Transfiguration sense, Matthew 17:2 — must not merge)
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 2 Corinthians 3:18. Ongoing, progressive transformation, grammatically and theologically distinct from Matthew 17:2’s one-time event despite sharing a root; flag this tense distinction explicitly in teaching material.
Glory 2cor
Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: δόξα
Category: God
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 3-4. Reused exactly from baseline; no new risk beyond the existing nur/Sufi-light-mysticism caution.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: aynı boyunduruğa girmeyin
Transliteration: ie-NUH boh-yoon-doo-roo-AH geer-meh-YEEN
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: tüm ilişkileri kesme zorunluluğu (blanket relationship-severing mandate, contradicted by 1 Corinthians 7)
Original: ἑτεροζυγοῦντες
Category: Church
NEW. 2 Corinthians 6:14. Concrete agricultural metaphor requiring an explanatory note (unfamiliar to most urban Turkish readers). Elevated risk given ready pastoral application to interfaith marriage/family relationships; requires non-coercive, relationship-preserving framing.
Godly Sorrow Worldly Sorrow
Approved rendering: Tanrı’ya göre üzüntü / dünyaya göre üzüntü
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-YAH gur-REH yoo-zoon-TYOO / dyoon-yah-YAH gur-REH yoo-zoon-TYOO
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: pişmanlık alone (regret without theological structure)
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν / λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 2 Corinthians 7:9-10. Must be taught alongside tövbe as its necessary emotional accompaniment; distinct from generic pişmanlık, which lacks tövbe’s theological turning-toward-God structure.
Repentance 2cor
Approved rendering: tövbe / Tövbe edin
Transliteration: turv-BEH
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Sanctification
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 7:9-10. Reused exactly from the Matthew baseline; no new risk beyond the existing caution against presenting it as self-sufficient apart from Christ’s atoning work.
Grace As Generosity
Approved rendering: Lütuf (bağış/yardım as secondary gloss)
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF (bah-UHSH / yahr-DUHM)
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: bağış alone (an unrelated word that would sever the deliberate χάρις wordplay linking grace-received to grace-given)
Original: χάρις
Category: Giving
NEW (semantic extension of grace, flagged). 2 Corinthians 8-9. Paul deliberately reuses χάρις for the collection itself; use Lütuf as primary, bağış/yardım only as secondary explanatory gloss on first occurrence per lesson.
Sowing And Reaping Giving
Approved rendering: Ne ekerse onu biçer
Transliteration: neh eh-KER-seh oh-NOO bee-CHER
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ὁ σπείρων … θερίσει
Category: Giving
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 9:6. Reuses the Galatians 6:7-9 pattern positively; the personal God who supplies and multiplies must remain explicit, guarding against a mechanical/impersonal kader-kısmet reading.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: doğruluğun meyvesi
Transliteration: doh-roo-loo-OON mey-veh-SEE
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: sevap (merit-points earned by pious deeds)
Original: καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης
Category: Giving
NEW. 2 Corinthians 9:10. Righteousness here is the God-given condition generosity flows from and displays, never generosity earning righteousness — a salih-amel-adjacent reversal.
Thoughts Captive To Obedience
Approved rendering: her düşünceyi Mesih’e itaate tutsak ediyoruz
Transliteration: her dyoo-shoon-jeh-YEE meh-see-HEH ee-tah-ah-TEH toot-SAHK eh-dee-yoh-ROOZ
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: İslam tarzı teslimiyet-olarak-itaat (submission-as-merit reading)
Original: αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Apostleship
NEW (reuse İmanın getirdiği itaat). 2 Corinthians 10:5. Same military-metaphor caution as weapons_not_of_flesh applies; obedience remains faith-flowing, not islam-style submission-as-merit.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: ışık meleği
Transliteration: uh-SHUHK meh-leh-EE
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW (reuse melek). 2 Corinthians 11:14. Satan’s capacity for deceptive, attractive disguise; connects to worship_of_angels and armor_of_god cosmology.
Catalog Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: tehlikeler/zorluklar
Transliteration: teh-lee-keh-LEHR / zor-look-LAHR
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: genel ‘zorluklar’ abstracted away from concrete detail
Original: κίνδυνοι (κ.τ.λ.)
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 11:23-28. Must retain full concrete force; core evidence for Power in Weakness and Suffering/Comfort throughout the letter.
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: Şeytan’ın meleği
Transliteration: shay-tah-NUHN meh-leh-EE
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: a dualistic reading implying two roughly-equal, independent powers
Original: ἄγγελος σατανᾶ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW (reuse melek). 2 Corinthians 12:7. Must be paired with providence (Tanrı’nın yönetimi) teaching so Satan-permitted affliction is not read as evidence of a rival power of equal standing.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: kendinizi sınayın… deneyin/test edin
Transliteration: ken-dee-nee-ZEE suh-nah-YUHN… deh-neh-YEEN / test eh-DEEN
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: kendi amel kaydını yeniden denetlemek (re-auditing one’s own deeds-ledger)
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε … ἑαυτοὺς δοκιμάζετε
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 2 Corinthians 13:5. Must be framed as examining evidence of Christ’s presence and work (13:5b, ‘Christ is in you’), never re-checking one’s own deeds-ledger, which would contradict the baseline’s Critical assurance_of_salvation doctrine.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Elçi
Transliteration: el-CHEE
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: resul / peygamber (prophet-messenger)
Root reused throughout 2 Corinthians for sahte elçiler (false apostles, 11:13) and üstün elçiler (super-apostles, 11:5; 12:11), and kept deliberately distinct from büyükelçi (ambassador, 5:20). Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: huzur (inner calm), barış (political/interpersonal peace)
Must be kept distinct from Barıştırma (reconciliation, a different Greek word, καταλλαγή); Esenlik is the resulting relational calm, Barıştırma is the transactional restoration itself. Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: Kilise
Transliteration: kee-lee-SEH
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: cemaat (religious congregation/community, loaded in Turkish political usage)
Relevant background for temple_of_living_god (6:16), where tapınak (temple), not kilise, is the correct rendering since the referent there is metaphorical dwelling, not a building. Inherited from Romans package.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Antlaşma
Transliteration: ahnt-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: sözleşme (bare contract)
Root reused for Yeni Antlaşma / Eski Antlaşma (2 Corinthians 3, new_covenant_old_covenant below). Inherited from Romans package.
Mission
Approved rendering: Müjdeleme görevi
Transliteration: myooj-deh-leh-MEH gur-eh-VEE
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: misyonerlik (loaded with 19th-20th c. Western-missionary and conspiratorial connotations)
Relevant background for ministry_of_reconciliation (5:18) below, which extends this same proclamation-not-humanitarian-peacemaking framing. Inherited from Romans package.
Down Payment
Approved rendering: kapora
Transliteration: kah-poh-RAH
Doctrine: Sealing of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: güvence (adequate but more abstract)
Reused exactly at 2 Corinthians 1:22 and 5:5 (down_payment_2cor below). Inherited from Romans package.
Down Payment 2cor
Approved rendering: kapora
Transliteration: kah-poh-RAH
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 1:22; 5:5. Reused exactly from the Ephesians baseline (1:14). No new risk; consistency requirement only.
Forgive Grant Grace
Approved rendering: bağışlamak
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-lah-MAHK
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: ceza vermeyi durdurmak (merely withholding punishment, merit-adjacent framing)
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. 2 Corinthians 2:7, 10. Etymologically tied to Lütuf; church-discipline forgiveness is explicitly grace-shaped, not merit-based reconciliation between offender and community.
Satans Schemes
Approved rendering: Şeytan’ın tuzakları/düzenleri
Transliteration: shay-tah-NUHN too-zahk-lah-RUH / dyoo-zen-leh-REE
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: νοήματα (τοῦ Σατανᾶ)
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 2 Corinthians 2:11. Standard spiritual-warfare vocabulary, resonant with (but not conflated with) Islamic cosmology’s cin/şeytan vocabulary, per the Ephesians armor_of_god discipline.
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’in güzel kokusu
Transliteration: meh-SEE-heen gyoo-ZEL koh-koo-SOO
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὀσμὴ Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 2:15-16. OT sacrificial-aroma background; a point of contact with, though distinct in direction/referent from, Islamic Kurban imagery (per the atonement_curse_bearing kurban caution).
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: zafer alayında yürütüyor
Transliteration: zah-FEHR ah-lah-yuhn-DAH yoo-ryoo-tyoo-YOR
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θριαμβεύοντι
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 2:14. Roman military-triumph metaphor unfamiliar to most Turkish readers; requires the same explanatory-note discipline as armor_of_god/legion.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: cesaret / açık sözlülük
Transliteration: jeh-sah-RET / ah-CHUHK sur-zloo-LOOK
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: παρρησία
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 3:12; 7:4. Paul’s confidence in gospel ministry, contrasted with the veiled ambiguity of old covenant ministry.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: Bu hazineyi toprak kaplarda taşıyoruz
Transliteration: boo hah-zee-neh-YEE toh-PRAHK kahp-lahr-DAH tah-shuh-yoh-ROOZ
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 4:7. The gospel’s glory entrusted to fragile human agents; foreshadows chapter 12’s core Power in Weakness doctrine.
Inner Outer Man
Approved rendering: dışımızdaki varlığımız / içimizdeki varlığımız
Transliteration: duh-shuh-muhz-dah-KEE vahr-luh-uh-MUHZ / ee-chee-meez-deh-KEE vahr-luh-uh-MUHZ
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: nefis/ruh dualistic framing (Sufi base-self/spirit body-negation program)
Original: ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 2 Corinthians 4:16. A functional distinction (decaying body vs. Spirit-renewed inner life), not an ascetic body-negation program; bodily suffering is affirmed as real, not transcended.
Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: yücelik ağırlığı
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK ah-uhr-luh-UH
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: a rendering trivializing present suffering as unimportant
Original: βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 4:17. Present affliction is real and comparatively outweighed, never dismissed as unimportant.
Tent Body
Approved rendering: çadır
Transliteration: chah-DUHR
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:1-4. The present mortal body as a temporary dwelling; requires brief explanatory framing.
Building From God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’dan gelen bir bina/ev
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-DAHN geh-LEN beer bee-NAH / EV
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:1. The permanent, heavenly resurrection body; continues the resurrection_of_christ-adjacent doctrine.
Temple Of Living God
Approved rendering: yaşayan Tanrı’nın tapınağı
Transliteration: yah-shah-YAHN tahn-ruh-NUHN tah-puh-nah-UH
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: cami (mosque), kilise (church-as-building)
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
NEW. 2 Corinthians 6:16. Use tapınak (temple), not cami or kilise; a metaphor for the community/individual as God’s dwelling, not commentary on physical worship architecture.
Equality Fairness
Approved rendering: eşitlik/denklik
Transliteration: eh-sheet-LEEK / denk-LEEK
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: zekât (obligatory, formula-calculated Islamic almsgiving pillar)
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
NEW. 2 Corinthians 8:13-14. Genuine resonance with zakat as a teaching bridge, but must be distinguished: voluntary, grace-motivated, inter-congregational proportional fairness, not a fixed religious pillar/obligation.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: sevinçle veren
Transliteration: seh-veench-LEH veh-REN
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸν δότην
Category: Giving
NEW. 2 Corinthians 9:7. God’s delight is in the giver’s heart-disposition, not merely the amount given.
Boasting In The Lord
Approved rendering: Rab’de övünsün
Transliteration: RAHB-deh ur-vyoon-SOON
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: kendi başarılarıyla övünme (self-generated-achievement boasting)
Original: ὁ καυχώμενος ἐν κυρίῳ καυχάσθω
Category: Apostleship
NEW (reuse Övünmek, Rab). 2 Corinthians 10:17. Legitimate boasting redirected entirely to the Lord’s commendation, never self-generated credentials.
Foolishness Rhetorical
Approved rendering: akılsızlıkmış gibi
Transliteration: ah-kuhl-suhz-luhk-MUSH gee-BEE
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἀφροσύνη
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 11:1, 16-21. Ironic rhetorical device exposing rivals’ empty boasting; needs an explanatory note on the device, unfamiliar to most Turkish readers.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: bedenimde bir diken
Transliteration: beh-deh-neem-DEH beer dee-KEN
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: over-specifying the thorn’s identity (illness, opponent, etc.)
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. 2 Corinthians 12:7. Standard Turkish Bible idiom; the thorn’s identity is intentionally left unspecified in the text — teaching material should not over-speculate.
Love Agape Benediction
Approved rendering: sevgi
Transliteration: sev-GEE
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: aşk (romantic/passionate love), ilahi aşk (Sufi mystical-absorptive divine love)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
NEW. 2 Corinthians 13:11, 14. God the Father’s own self-giving, relational, non-erotic, non-absorptive love toward believers.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Şükran
Transliteration: shook-RAHN
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Recurs throughout 2 Corinthians (1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-15). Inherited from Romans package.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Paydaşlık
Transliteration: pie-dahsh-LUHK
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kardeşlik (brotherhood, too generic/political)
Extended in 2 Corinthians 8:4 to financial partnership in the collection (fellowship_in_ministry below) and reused in the 13:14 Trinitarian benediction. Inherited from Romans package.
Amen
Approved rendering: Amin
Transliteration: ah-MEEN
Doctrine: Faith
Standard transliteration; occurs at 1:20 in connection with God’s faithfulness. Inherited from Romans package.
Boasting
Approved rendering: Övünmek
Transliteration: ur-voon-MEK
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Reused throughout 2 Corinthians 10-12 for legitimate boasting redirected to the Lord (boasting_in_the_lord below) versus the false apostles’ self-boasting. Inherited from Romans package.
Amen 2cor
Approved rendering: Amin
Transliteration: ah-MEEN
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: τὸ Ἀμήν
Category: Faith
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 1:20. Affirmation of God’s reliable faithfulness to his promises in Christ.
Letters Of Recommendation
Approved rendering: tavsiye mektupları
Transliteration: tahv-see-YEH mek-toop-lah-RUH
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἐπιστολαὶ συστατικαί
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2 Corinthians 3:1. Concrete, low-risk; connects to the letter/Spirit contrast (the Corinthians’ transformed lives are Paul’s true letter).
Groan
Approved rendering: inliyoruz
Transliteration: een-lee-yoh-ROOZ
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: στενάζομεν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:2, 4. Resonates with Romans 8:22-23’s created-order groaning; low doctrinal risk.
Beliar
Approved rendering: Beliar
Transliteration: beh-lee-AHR
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: Βελίαρ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 2 Corinthians 6:15. Transliterated proper name for Satan, used only here in the NT; brief explanatory note (‘Şeytan için kullanılan bir ad’) sufficient.
Fellowship In Ministry
Approved rendering: Paydaşlık
Transliteration: pie-dahsh-LUHK
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: κοινωνία τῆς διακονίας
Category: Giving
NEW (reuse). 2 Corinthians 8:4. Reused exactly from baseline fellowship, extended to financial partnership in caring for the Jerusalem church.
Voluntary Giving
Approved rendering: kendi istekleriyle
Transliteration: ken-DEE ees-tek-leh-ree-YLEH
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: αὐθαίρετοι
Category: Giving
NEW. 2 Corinthians 8:3, 17. Emphasizes unpressured, freely willed generosity; foundational for chapter 9’s ‘not under compulsion’ teaching.
Referenced passages