Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter
Curriculum: 2 Peter | Destination language: Turkish
Legend: Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low). [REUSE] = term/rendering imported unchanged from the baseline translation_memory.json; must never be altered. [NEW] = term established by this book; proposed for addition to translation memory at the recorded risk tier.
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Turkish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Translation Risk / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | supreme authority | exclusive lordship | Lord | Rab | [REUSE] | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Never “efendi.” |
| 2 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | proper name | — | Jesus | İsa | [REUSE] | Critical | Christology | Always paired with Mesih. |
| 3 | Christ/Messiah | Χριστός (Christos) | Anointed One | messianic title | Christ, Messiah | Mesih | [REUSE] | Critical | Messianic Promise | Always full OT content taught alongside. |
| 4 | God | θεός (theos) | deity | the one true God | God | Tanrı | [REUSE] | Critical | Deity of Christ | Never Allah in text (per baseline convention). |
| 5 | God the Father | θεὸς πατήρ (theos patēr) | God as Father | relational fatherhood | God the Father | Tanrı, Baba | [REUSE] | Critical | Adoption/Sonship of Christ | 1:17. Father-language tawhid tension fully applies. |
| 6 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | holy spirit | third Person of Trinity | Holy Spirit | Kutsal Ruh | [REUSE] | Critical | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21. Never Cebrail/Gabriel. |
| 7 | apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | one sent | delegated authority | apostle | Elçi | [REUSE] | Medium | Apostleship | 1:1. |
| 8 | faith | πίστις (pistis) | trust | personal trust in Christ | faith | İman | [REUSE] | High | Faith | Throughout. |
| 9 | righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | right standing | forensic/moral rightness | righteousness | Doğruluk | [REUSE] | Critical | Justification/Righteousness | 1:1; 2:5,21; 3:13. |
| 10 | salvation | σωτηρία-family (implied) | deliverance | — | salvation | Kurtuluş | [REUSE] | Critical | Salvation | Conceptual backdrop throughout. |
| 11 | grace | χάρις (charis) | unmerited favor | — | grace | Lütuf | [REUSE] | High | Grace | 1:2; 3:18. |
| 12 | peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | relational peace | — | peace | Esenlik | [REUSE] | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2. |
| 13 | calling / election | κλῆσις καὶ ἐκλογή (klēsis kai eklogē) | summons and choice | God’s effectual call | calling and election | Çağrı, Tanrı’nın seçimi | [REUSE] | High/Critical | Effectual Calling / Election | 1:10. |
| 14 | kingdom (of God/Christ) | βασιλεία (basileia) | reign | God’s sovereign rule | kingdom | Tanrı’nın Egemenliği | [REUSE] | Medium | Kingdom | 1:11, “eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior.” |
| 15 | glory | δόξα (doxa) | radiant honor | God’s visible majesty | glory | Yücelik | [REUSE] | High | Deity of Christ | 1:3,17; 3:18. |
| 16 | promise | ἐπαγγέλματα / ἐπαγγελία (epangelmata/epangelia) | pledge | God’s covenant pledge | promise(s) | Vaat | [REUSE] | Critical | Abrahamic Covenant/Promise (extended) | 1:4; 3:4,9,13. |
| 17 | prophecy / prophetic word | προφητεία / προφητικὸς λόγος (prophēteia/prophētikos logos) | prophetic utterance | OT prophetic corpus fulfilled in Christ | prophecy, prophetic word | Peygamberlik sözü | [REUSE] | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19,20,21; 3:2. |
| 18 | tövbe / repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | turning | turning from sin to God | repentance | tövbe | [REUSE] | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:9. |
| 19 | freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | liberty | genuine (Christ-given) OR false (counterfeit) freedom | freedom, liberty | Özgürlük | [REUSE — inverted context flag] | Critical | False Teachers | 2:19: false teachers’ FALSE promise; contrast explicitly with genuine gospel freedom. |
| 20 | slavery (negative) | δουλεία/δοῦλος (douleia/doulos) | bondage/slave | destructive bondage | slavery, slaves | Kölelik / köle | [REUSE] | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:19. |
| 21 | servant (self-designation, positive) | δοῦλος (doulos) | slave/servant | voluntary devotional self-title | servant, bond-servant | kul | [NEW — dual-valence with #20] | Critical | Apostleship / Self-designation | 1:1. Opposite Turkish rendering from #20 for the SAME Greek word; document explicitly. |
| 22 | Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | one who saves | Christ’s saving office | Savior | Kurtarıcı | [NEW] | Critical | Deity of Christ / Salvation | 1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18. Recurring “God and Savior”/“Lord and Savior” formula — Granville Sharp deity claim. |
| 23 | divine (adj.) | θεῖος/θεία (theios/theia) | pertaining to God | divine quality/origin | divine | Tanrısal | [NEW] | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:3,4. |
| 24 | divine nature (partakers of) | θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί (theias physeōs koinōnoi) | sharers of divine nature | moral/relational participation in God’s character (not ontological absorption) | partakers of the divine nature | Tanrısal doğaya ortak/pay sahibi olmak | [NEW] | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4. HIGHEST-STAKES phrase in the book; mandatory theologian review; must distinguish from shirk-adjacent misreadings and Sufi fena/vahdet-i vücud absorption. |
| 25 | corruption | φθορά (phthora) | decay/ruin | moral and eschatological corruption/destruction | corruption, destruction | yozlaşma | [NEW] | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4; 2:12,19. Keep root consistent across all three occurrences. |
| 26 | virtue/excellence | ἀρετή (aretē) | moral excellence | classical + NT ethical virtue | virtue, goodness, excellence | erdem | [NEW] | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:3,5. Point of contact with Islamic ahlâk vocabulary — teach, don’t suppress. |
| 27 | knowledge | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | applied knowledge | practical knowledge, one virtue among the chain | knowledge | bilgi | [NEW] | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:5,6; 3:18. Distinct from ἐπίγνωσις. |
| 28 | full/personal knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις (epignōsis) | intensified knowledge | relational, experiential knowing of God/Christ | knowledge | tam bilgi / tanıma bilgisi | [NEW] | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:2,3,8; 2:20. Reuse Galatians “known_by_god” caution: never irfan/marifetullah. |
| 29 | self-control | ἐγκράτεια (egkrateia) | mastery of impulses | Spirit-enabled self-governance | self-control | özdenetim | [NEW] | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:6. Distinguish from Sufi nefis-mücahede self-effort discipline. |
| 30 | steadfast endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | patient endurance | endurance under trial | perseverance, endurance, patience | sebat | [NEW] | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:6. Distinct from μακροθυμία (ch.3). |
| 31 | godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | reverent godward life | piety flowing from relationship with God | godliness | Tanrı’ya bağlılık | [NEW] | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:3,6,7; 3:11. Avoid “dindarlık” (generic Islamic-observance connotation). |
| 32 | brotherly love | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | sibling affection | affection among believers | brotherly kindness/affection | kardeşlik sevgisi | [NEW] | Medium-High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:7. Cross-reference baseline “kardeşlik” caution (nationalist/ümmet resonance). |
| 33 | love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | self-giving love | culminating virtue | love | Sevgi | [REUSE pattern] | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:7. |
| 34 | eyewitnesses | ἐπόπται (epoptai) | those who saw | first-hand witness | eyewitnesses | görgü şahitleri | [NEW] | Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:16. Note (without importing) the term’s rare mystery-cult background. |
| 35 | coming/arrival (Parousia) | παρουσία (parousia) | arrival, presence | Christ’s future royal return | coming, arrival, advent | geliş | [NEW] | Critical | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:16; 3:4,12. Central term of the book’s Second Coming doctrine; propose for shared translation memory. |
| 36 | majesty | μεγαλειότης (megaleiotēs) | greatness/splendor | revealed divine grandeur | majesty, greatness | büyüklük | [NEW] | Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:16. Kept distinct from δόξα (Yücelik). |
| 37 | honor | τιμή (timē) | esteem | honor bestowed by the Father | honor | onur/şeref | [NEW] | Low-Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:17. |
| 38 | majestic Glory (title for the Father) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (megaloprepēs doxa) | majestic splendor | reverent periphrasis for God the Father | the Majestic Glory | Yüce Görkem | [NEW] | Medium-High | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 1:17. Must be understood as referring to the Father himself. |
| 39 | beloved Son | ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (ho huios mou ho agapētos) | my beloved Son | unique divine Sonship | ”This is my beloved Son” | Bu benim sevgili Oğlum’dur | [REUSE — cross-ref] | Critical | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 1:17. Direct link to baseline Tanrı’nın Oğlu / peters_confession / transfigured entries. |
| 40 | I was well pleased | εὐδόκησα (eudokēsa) | I approved fully | Father’s total approval of the Son | ”with whom I am well pleased” | O’ndan hoşnut oldum/razı oldum | [NEW] | Medium | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 1:17. “Razı olmak” = genuine devotional resonance point; anchor to unique Sonship, not generic servant-approval. |
| 41 | holy mountain | ἅγιον ὄρος (hagion oros) | consecrated mountain | Transfiguration site | holy mountain | kutsal dağ | [NEW] | Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:18. |
| 42 | more sure/certain | βεβαιότερον (bebaioteron) | more firmly confirmed | legally/evidentially guaranteed certainty | more sure, more fully confirmed | daha kesin/güvenilir | [NEW] | Critical | The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19. Core term for the whole doctrine; never weaken to “probable.” |
| 43 | lamp shining | λύχνος φαίνων (lychnos phainōn) | shining lamp | Scripture’s provisional guiding light | lamp shining | karanlıkta parlayan kandil | [NEW] | Low | Reliability/Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19. |
| 44 | morning star | φωσφόρος (phōsphoros) | light-bearer | dawning of Christ’s return | morning star, daystar | sabah yıldızı | [NEW] | Medium-High | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:19. Flag possible “Lucifer” cross-cultural confusion; positive Christ-referent only. |
| 45 | one’s own interpretation | ἰδία ἐπίλυσις (idia epilysis) | private release/solving | human-sourced interpretation divorced from divine origin | one’s own/private interpretation | kendi kişisel yorumu | [NEW] | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:20. |
| 46 | carried by the Holy Spirit | ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι (hypo pneumatos hagiou pheromenoi) | borne along by the Spirit | Spirit’s sovereign, controlling agency in inspiration | moved/carried along by the Holy Spirit | Kutsal Ruh tarafından yöneltilerek | [NEW] | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21. Doctrinal anchor verse; mandatory theologian review. |
| 47 | men spoke from God | ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι (elalēsan apo theou anthrōpoi) | men spoke from God | dual-agency inspiration (divine origin, human instrumentality) | men spoke from God | Tanrı’dan gelen sözü insanlar söyledi | [NEW] | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21. Preserve dual-agency; do not collapse into dictation or pure human authorship. |
| 48 | false teachers | ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι (pseudodidaskaloi) | fabricated teachers | teachers of invented doctrine | false teachers | sahte öğretmenler | [NEW] | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1. |
| 49 | destructive heresies | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας (haireseis apōleias) | destructive factions | ruinous false doctrine | destructive heresies | yıkıcı sapkın öğretiler | [NEW] | Critical (forbidden substitution) | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1. NEVER “mezhep.” |
| 50 | Master (redemptive owner) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | sovereign owner | Christ as Owner-by-redemption | Master, Sovereign Lord | Sahip(leri) | [NEW] | High-Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1. Distinct from Rab; not “efendi.” |
| 51 | sensuality | ἀσέλγεια (aselgeia) | unrestrained licentiousness | shameless indulgence | sensuality, debauchery | sınırsız şehvet/ahlaksızlık | [NEW] | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:2. |
| 52 | Tartarus (functional “hell”) | Τάρταρος (Tartaros) | pagan mythological abyss | temporary imprisonment of fallen angels awaiting judgment | hell, gloomy dungeons | cehennem | [NEW] | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:4. HIGHEST-STAKES single word in the book; forces the full-weight Islamic Cehennem term onto a temporary-imprisonment referent; mandatory theologian note every occurrence. |
| 53 | flood | κατακλυσμός (kataklysmos) | deluge | Noahic flood | flood, deluge | tufan | [NEW] | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:5. Shared with Qur’anic Nuh narrative. |
| 54 | rescue/deliver | ῥύεσθαι (rhyesthai) | to snatch from danger | God’s pattern of rescuing the righteous | to rescue, deliver | kurtarmak | [NEW] | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:9. Same root as Kurtuluş. |
| 55 | dominion/lordship (angelic/civil) | κυριότης (kyriotēs) | authority structure | legitimate authority the false teachers despise | dominion, authority | yetke/Rablik | [NEW] | Medium-High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:10. |
| 56 | overcome/enslaved again | ἥττηται (hēttētai) | defeated, mastered | relapse into bondage | overcome, entangled again | yeniden tutsak olmak | [NEW] | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:19,20. |
| 57 | scoffers/mockers | ἐμπαῖκται (empaiktai) | those who deride | deniers of the Parousia | scoffers | alay edenler | [NEW] | High | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 3:3. |
| 58 | the Lord is not slow | οὐ βραδύνει κύριος (ou bradynei kyrios) | the Lord does not delay | rebuttal of the delay-objection | the Lord is not slack/slow | Rab gecikmiyor | [NEW] | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:9. |
| 59 | is patient / patience | μακροθυμεῖ / μακροθυμία (makrothymei/makrothymia) | is longsuffering / longsuffering | God’s purposive forbearance | is patient, longsuffering; patience | sabrediyor / sabır | [NEW] | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:9,15. Genuine positive resonance with Islamic sabır/es-Sabur; must stay tied to redemptive purpose (repentance), not generic endurance. Distinct from ὑπομονή. |
| 60 | one day as a thousand years | μία ἡμέρα … ὡς χίλια ἔτη (mia hēmera… hōs chilia etē) | a day like a thousand years | God’s transcendence of human time | one day is like a thousand years | Rab’bin yanında bir gün bin yıl gibidir | [NEW] | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:8. Teach together with v.9; not a stand-alone numerological claim. |
| 61 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου (hēmera kyriou) | the Lord’s day | eschatological day of judgment/return | Day of the Lord | Rab’bin Günü | [NEW] | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:10. Central doctrinal term of ch. 3. |
| 62 | day of judgment | ἡμέρα κρίσεως (hēmera kriseōs) | day of judging | final judgment | day of judgment | yargı günü | [NEW] | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 2:9; 3:7. |
| 63 | elements (cosmic) | στοιχεῖα (stoicheia) | basic constituents | LITERAL physical/cosmic elements (distinct from Galatians’ religious-systems sense) | elements | evrenin unsurları | [NEW — semantic-range flag] | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:10,12. Must NOT reuse baseline’s “Dünyanın temel ilkeleri” (different referent). |
| 64 | new heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν (kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn) | new heaven(s) and new earth | cosmic eschatological renewal | new heavens and a new earth | yeni gökler ve yeni bir yeryüzü | [NEW] | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:13. Related to, but distinct from, baseline’s individual-sense “Yeni Yaratılış.” |
| 65 | righteousness dwells | δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ (dikaiosynē katoikei) | righteousness inhabits | moral character of the new creation | righteousness dwells | doğruluk barınır | [REUSE Doğruluk] | High | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:13. |
| 66 | spotless and blameless | ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος (aspilos kai amōmētos) | without stain, without blame | ethical purity goal for believers | without spot, blameless | lekesiz ve kusursuz | [NEW] | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:14. |
| 67 | unstable | ἀστήρικτος (astēriktos) | not firmly grounded | doctrinal/moral vulnerability | unstable | kararsız/sağlam olmayan | [NEW] | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 3:16. |
| 68 | twist/distort | στρεβλόω (strebloō) | to wrench, distort | irresponsible handling of Scripture’s true sense | to twist, distort | çarpıtmak | [NEW] | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 3:16. |
| 69 | the other Scriptures | λοιπὰς γραφάς (loipas graphas) | the rest of the writings | Paul’s letters classed with OT γραφή as Scripture | the other Scriptures | diğer Kutsal Yazılar | [NEW] | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 3:16. Key internal-NT canon-doctrine witness; mandatory theologian review. |
| 70 | grow in grace and knowledge | αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει (auxanete en chariti kai gnōsei) | grow in grace and knowledge | closing sanctification exhortation | grow in grace and knowledge | lütuf ve bilgide büyüyün | [REUSE Lütuf + #27] | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 3:18. Bookends 1:2-8’s virtue chain. |
Summary of Highest-Priority Escalations for Phase 2
- θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί (1:4) — “Tanrısal doğaya ortak olmak” — highest tawhid-collision phrase in the book. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
- Τάρταρος → cehennem (2:4) — forces full Islamic Cehennem doctrine onto a one-off mythological/temporary-imprisonment referent. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
- δοῦλος dual valence (1:1 kul / 2:19 köle) — same Greek root, opposite Turkish renderings by design; must be tracked segment-by-segment.
- στοιχεῖα (3:10,12) — must not share a rendering with the Galatians elemental_principles entry.
- 1:19-21 in full — the core passage; anchors the Critical “Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture” doctrine and must be treated as a single reviewed unit, not split across segments.
- μακροθυμία (3:9,15) — genuine positive cultural resonance (sabır) that must still be anchored to Christ-centered redemptive purpose, not generic endurance.
- ἐλευθερία (2:19) — contextual inversion (a FALSE freedom) using the same Turkish word (Özgürlük) as the baseline’s positive freedom_in_christ doctrine; must be flagged so the inversion is not lost.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Rab
Transliteration: RAHB
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: efendi
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Exclusive, supreme authority, applied repeatedly to Jesus Christ throughout 2 Peter (1:2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:1, 20; 3:2, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18). Never ‘efendi,’ which would strip the exclusive divine claim down to a human-master sense.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare İsa without Mesih
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Always paired with Mesih (İsa Mesih); never used bare so the name does not default to its Qur’anic prophet-only referent.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesih
Transliteration: meh-SEEH
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: sadece bir peygamber
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Paired throughout 2 Peter with İsa, Rab, and Kurtarıcı in the letter’s own recurring deity formula; must always carry full OT king-priest-savior content, never a bare honorific.
God
Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah (in translated text)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. In 2 Peter 1:1 grammatically identified as one referent together with ‘Savior’ applied to Jesus Christ (Granville Sharp construction); Turkish apposition must preserve this single-referent claim.
Father
Approved rendering: Baba
Transliteration: bah-BAH
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Rejected alternatives: Yaratıcı
Original: θεὸς πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. God as Father, whose voice at the Transfiguration authenticates the Son (2 Peter 1:17). Qur’an 112:3 tawhid tension fully applies; never retreat to an impersonal Yaratıcı substitute.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: Cebrail
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. The third Person of the Trinity, who carries along the human authors of prophecy (2 Peter 1:21). Never Cebrail (archangel Gabriel), the common Qur’anic-commentary identification of ‘Ruh al-Qudus.’ Mandatory theologian review every occurrence in this book.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Doğruluk
Transliteration: doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: salih amel, adalet
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Occurs in the deity-of-Christ formula (1:1), of Noah as herald of righteousness (2:5), of righteous Lot (2:7-8), and of the new creation in which righteousness dwells (3:13). Never salih amel.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: cennete girmek, necat
Original: σωτηρία (conceptual root of σωτήρ)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Conceptual backdrop of the letter’s repeated Savior title and of God’s desire that none perish (3:9).
Promise
Approved rendering: Vaat
Transliteration: vah-AHT
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: sevap-earned reward framing
Original: ἐπαγγέλματα / ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Galatians package baseline (Vaat). 2 Peter 1:4’s ‘precious and very great promises’ and 3:4, 9, 13’s promise of Christ’s coming both reuse this term; never a merit-conditioned reward.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Oğlu
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn oh-LOO
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın sevgili kulu, kutsal kişi
Original: ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Direct quotation of the Father’s Transfiguration declaration at 1:17: ‘Bu benim sevgili Oğlum’dur.’ Never softened to a servant/prophet euphemism; Qur’an 112:3 tawhid tension fully applies.
Freedom In Christ
Approved rendering: Özgürlük
Transliteration: urz-goor-LOOK
Doctrine: Counterfeit Freedom and Bondage to Corruption
Rejected alternatives: kulluktan kurtulmak, din ve vicdan özgürlüğü alone
Inherited from Galatians package baseline. CONTEXTUAL INVERSION FLAG for 2 Peter: at 2:19 this same Turkish word names a FALSE, self-destructive counterfeit freedom promised by the false teachers — the exact opposite of the baseline’s positive freedom_in_christ doctrine. Every occurrence in 2 Peter must carry explicit contrastive framing so readers do not conflate it with the gospel’s genuine freedom taught elsewhere in the curriculum.
Slavery
Approved rendering: Kölelik
Transliteration: kur-leh-LEEK
Doctrine: Counterfeit Freedom and Bondage to Corruption
Rejected alternatives: kul/kulluk
Original: δουλεία / δοῦλος (2:19, negative sense)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians package baseline. 2 Peter 2:19 names the false teachers, though promising freedom, as themselves ‘slaves of corruption’ (köle). This is the negative pole of the same Greek root (δοῦλος) whose positive pole appears as ‘kul’ at 1:1; track this dual valence at every occurrence of either term.
Circumcision And New Creation
Approved rendering: Yeni Yaratılış
Transliteration: yeh-NEE yah-rah-tuh-LUSH
Doctrine: Terminological Boundary (Cross-Book Consistency)
Inherited from Galatians package baseline. FORBIDDEN CROSS-REUSE NOTE: this rendering names the INDIVIDUAL believer’s new-creation status (Galatians 6:15) and must remain distinct from 2 Peter 3:13’s cosmological ‘yeni gökler ve yeni bir yeryüzü’ (see new_heavens_new_earth below), which describes universal cosmic renewal, not personal salvation status. Do not conflate the two Turkish phrases.
Servant Self Designation
Approved rendering: kul
Transliteration: kool
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Self-Designation
Rejected alternatives: köle (forbidden here), hizmetkâr
Original: δοῦλος (1:1)
Category: Church
NEW. Peter’s opening self-title alongside Elçi (1:1): a voluntary, honorific self-designation of total devotion, following established Turkish Bible apostolic-epistolary convention (cf. Romans 1:1’s own kul rendering). DUAL VALENCE: the identical Greek word δοῦλος renders oppositely as ‘köle’ at 2:19 (slaves of corruption). Both renderings must be tracked segment-by-segment and never interchanged; document explicitly in every teaching note.
Savior
Approved rendering: Kurtarıcı
Transliteration: koor-tah-ruh-JUH
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. Recurs in the fixed Granville-Sharp formula ‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’ / ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 11; 2:20; 3:2, 18), 2 Peter’s own deliberate, repeated deity-of-Christ fingerprint (paralleling Titus 2:13). Turkish apposition (‘Tanrımız ve Kurtarıcımız İsa Mesih’) must preserve the single-referent grammar; never split into two figures. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Divine
Approved rendering: Tanrısal
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-SAHL
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: θεῖος / θεία
Category: God
NEW adjective coined for this book. Describes God’s own ‘divine power’ (1:3) and, at 1:4, the ‘divine nature’ believers come to share. Must be taught as a quality God alone possesses in fullness and graciously extends relationally, never suggesting a second divine essence.
Divine Nature Partakers
Approved rendering: Tanrısal doğaya ortak/pay sahibi olmak
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-SAHL doh-ah-YAH ohr-TAHK
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın doğasına ortak olmak (unqualified, unsafe), ontological absorption / fena readings, vahdet-i vücud readings
Original: θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί
Category: Salvation
NEW. The single highest-stakes phrase in this book. ‘Partakers of the divine nature’ (1:4) is moral-relational participation in God’s own character (holiness, incorruptibility, love) through the promises — NOT ontological absorption into God’s essence. To a Turkish Muslim-majority audience this reads as shirk-adjacent (creatures sharing Allah’s own being) and also risks a Sufi fena/vahdet-i vücud absorption misreading (cf. Galatians package’s christ_lives_in_me Critical entry). MUST be paired every single occurrence with explicit teaching denying (a) ontological identity/absorption with God and (b) any second divine being, affirming instead the correct moral-relational reading grounded in Christ’s own unique deity. Mandatory theologian review, zero exceptions. Never permit an abbreviated rendering.
Parousia
Approved rendering: geliş
Transliteration: geh-LEESH
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: vague ‘hope’ softening, spiritualized-only coming
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW, book-establishing term; PROPOSED for addition to the shared cross-curriculum translation memory. Christ’s future royal arrival/return (1:16; 3:4, 12), the central term of this doctrine. Must not be diluted to a vague hope or softened away from a real, future, personal, bodily return; must also be distinguished from the Islamic end-times Isa narrative (a subordinate figure completing an unfinished mission, not the eternally divine Son returning in his own glory as universal Judge and Savior).
More Sure Word
Approved rendering: daha kesin
Transliteration: dah-HAH keh-SEEN
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: muhtemelen doğru (merely probable), daha da güçlü (mere strengthening without guarantee)
Original: βεβαιότερον
Category: Scripture
NEW. The single most important word in the core passage. The prophetic word made ‘more sure/certain’ by apostolic eyewitness confirmation (1:19) — a legally/evidentially guaranteed certainty. Directly counters the Islamic tahrif (textual-corruption) objection. Must never be softened to a merely probable or provisional sense. Mandatory theologian review; teach as one unit with 1:20-21.
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: kendi kişisel yorumu
Transliteration: kehn-DEE kee-shee-SEL yoh-roo-MOO
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδία ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
NEW. Denial that prophecy originates from, or may be legitimately unlocked by, a merely human interpretive act divorced from its divine source (1:20). Emphasis must stay on prophecy’s divine origin (explained in 1:21), not turned into a stand-alone claim about interpretation methodology. Flag for theologian review wherever quoted.
Carried By Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh tarafından yöneltilerek
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH tah-rah-fun-DAHN yur-nel-tee-leh-REHK
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture
NEW. Doctrinal core of biblical inspiration (1:21) — the Spirit’s sovereign, controlling agency over human authors who remain real, speaking persons (verbal-plenary model). Must be taught explicitly as the Trinity’s third Person acting, never as Cebrail. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Men Spoke From God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’dan gelen sözü insanlar söyledi
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-DAHN geh-LEHN sur-ZYOO een-sahn-LAHR sur-leh-DEE
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: pure dictation model, pure human-authorship model
Original: ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Scripture
NEW. Prophets as genuine, instrumental secondary speakers while God remains the ultimate source (1:21). Must preserve dual-agency; collapsing into pure dictation erases the prophets’ humanity, while collapsing into pure human authorship concedes the tahrif-adjacent objection this passage exists to refute.
False Teachers
Approved rendering: sahte öğretmenler
Transliteration: sah-TEH ur-reht-men-LEHR
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Doctrine anchor term (2:1): teachers of fabricated, not divinely sourced, doctrine who will arise among the people. Low direct Islamic-vocabulary collision; useful comparative resonance with warnings against ‘sahte peygamberler’ across traditions may be taught.
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: yıkıcı sapkın öğretiler
Transliteration: yuh-kuh-JUH sahp-KUHN ur-reh-tee-LEHR
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: mezhep (FORBIDDEN)
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teaching
NEW. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never render ‘mezhep’ (‘sect/school of jurisprudence’), which in Turkish-Islamic usage denotes a legitimate, recognized branch of Islamic law/theology (e.g., Hanefi, Şafii mezhebi); using it here would wrongly legitimize the false teaching as one licit school among others, the exact opposite of Peter’s point (2:1).
Tartarus
Approved rendering: cehennem
Transliteration: jeh-hen-NEHM
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Tartaros (untranslated transliteration, would be meaningless to Turkish readers)
Original: Τάρταρος (ταρταρώσας)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. HIGHEST-STAKES single word in this book. A pagan Greco-Roman mythological place-name used functionally by Peter for the sinning angels’ TEMPORARY place of confinement pending final judgment (2:4) — NOT the final lake of fire, NOT a statement about human damnation. Established Turkish Bible convention forces ‘cehennem,’ the single Turkish word most heavily loaded with independent, extensive Islamic eschatological doctrine (levels, eternal fire, final destination of the damned). Mandatory theologian-authored teaching note required every occurrence, explicitly distinguishing this temporary angelic imprisonment from the full Islamic Cehennem doctrine.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Rab’bin Günü
Transliteration: RAHB-been gyoo-NYOO
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW, book-anchoring term reusing Rab exactly per baseline. The OT prophetic ‘Day of YHWH’ concept applied to Christ’s return and final judgment (3:10), central term of chapter 3’s eschatology. Flag for mandatory theologian review — its cosmic-dissolution and moral-accountability content must be taught as certain, not merely symbolic or already-fulfilled, guarding against a naskh-adjacent tendency to treat unfulfilled apostolic warning as a superseded stage.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: yargı günü
Transliteration: yahr-GUH gyoo-NYOO
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The final judgment (2:9; 3:7). Kept distinct from, but closely paired with, the Day of the Lord entry.
Cosmic Elements
Approved rendering: evrenin unsurları
Transliteration: ev-reh-NEEN oon-soor-lah-RUH
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Dünyanın temel ilkeleri (FORBIDDEN — different referent, the Galatians religious-systems sense)
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Same Greek word as the Galatians baseline’s elemental_principles entry but a wholly different referent here: the literal physical/cosmic elements of the created order, dissolved/burned up at the Day of the Lord (3:10, 12). Must NEVER reuse the baseline’s ‘Dünyanın temel ilkeleri’ rendering, and vice versa, to avoid conflating a cosmological claim with a religious-systems claim.
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: yeni gökler ve yeni bir yeryüzü
Transliteration: yeh-NEE gurk-LEHR veh yeh-NEE beer yehr-yzeh-ZOO
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Yeni Yaratılış (FORBIDDEN here — different referent, the individual-believer sense)
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The promised eschatological cosmic renewal (Isaiah 65:17), the positive counterpart to the Day of the Lord’s judgment (3:13). Related to, but terminologically distinct from, the baseline’s individual-believer-sense ‘Yeni Yaratılış’ (Galatians 6:15); the two Turkish phrases must remain distinct so as not to conflate a personal-salvation category with a cosmological-eschatology category.
Other Scriptures
Approved rendering: diğer Kutsal Yazılar
Transliteration: dee-EHR koot-SAHL yah-zuh-LAHR
Doctrine: Canon and Authority of Apostolic Writings
Original: λοιπὰς γραφάς
Category: Scripture
NEW. Paul’s letters classed alongside the OT γραφή corpus as Scripture, within living apostolic memory of Paul (3:16). A key internal-NT canon-doctrine witness for the Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture doctrine; must be cross-referenced with 1:19-21 and flagged for mandatory theologian review every occurrence, since it directly counters the tahrif objection by showing the earliest church already recognized a fixed, authoritative apostolic corpus.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Self-Designation
Rejected alternatives: inanç (generic belief)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. In 2 Peter 1:1 qualified as ‘a faith of equal standing’ (ἰσότιμος πίστις); this qualifier must not be read through a tiered-attainment framework (cf. Sufi maqamat, spiritual ‘stations’).
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: rahmet
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Opens (1:2) and closes (3:18) the letter as a deliberate inclusio; kept distinct from rahmet’s merit-and-mercy soteriological frame.
Calling
Approved rendering: Çağrı
Transliteration: chah-RUH
Doctrine: Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: davet
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Paired with election in 1:10, which believers are urged to actively ‘confirm’ through diligent practice of the virtue chain.
Election
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın seçimi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn seh-chee-MEE
Doctrine: Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: kader, kısmet
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Ephesians package baseline; unchanged. Never kader/kısmet; a personal, relational, confirmable choosing (1:10), not impersonal qadar-style fate.
Glory
Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Rejected alternatives: nur
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Appears at 1:3, 1:17, 2:10, 3:18; kept lexically distinct from this book’s other new glory-adjacent terms (majesty, majestic_glory) to preserve the passage’s stacked vocabulary.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Peygamberlik sözü
Transliteration: pay-gahm-behr-LEEK soh-ZOO
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: kehanet
Original: προφητεία / προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. This book’s core doctrinal anchor for Scripture’s reliability against the tahrif objection (1:19-21; 3:2); must not collapse into a claim about Muhammad’s own prophetic office.
Repentance
Approved rendering: tövbe
Transliteration: turv-BEH
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Matthew package baseline. Goal of God’s patience, that all should reach it (3:9); universal scope (‘any… all’) must not be narrowed.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Güç
Transliteration: goo-JOO
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: kudret
Original: θεία δύναμις / δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. God’s own inherent might, the sole sufficient source of the believer’s life and godliness (1:3), and Christ’s power tied to his Parousia (1:16). Never kudret, which tends to appear with fatalistic qadar-framed devotional phrasing.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAH
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: hata, kusur
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Appears at 1:9 (cleansed from former sins) and throughout chapter 2’s description of the false teachers’ conduct.
Elemental Principles
Approved rendering: Dünyanın temel ilkeleri
Transliteration: dyoo-nyah-NUHN teh-mel eel-keh-leh-REE
Doctrine: Terminological Boundary (Cross-Book Consistency)
Inherited from Galatians package baseline. FORBIDDEN CROSS-REUSE NOTE: this rendering is reserved exclusively for Galatians 4:3, 9’s ‘elemental religious/spiritual systems’ sense (στοιχεῖα). 2 Peter 3:10, 12’s στοιχεῖα (see cosmic_elements below) is a DIFFERENT referent — the literal physical/cosmic elements — and must use ‘evrenin unsurları’ instead. Never reuse this rendering in 2 Peter.
Known By God
Approved rendering: Tanrı tarafından tanınmak
Transliteration: tahn-RUH tah-rah-fun-DAHN tah-nuhn-MAHK
Doctrine: Terminological Boundary (Cross-Book Consistency)
Rejected alternatives: marifetullah / irfan
Inherited from Galatians package baseline. Cross-referenced caution for 2 Peter’s ἐπίγνωσις (see full_knowledge below, 1:2, 3, 8; 2:20): relational, God-initiated knowing, never marifetullah/irfan (Sufi gnosis attained through a graded spiritual path).
Love
Approved rendering: Sevgi
Transliteration: sev-GEE
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
NEW standalone entry for this book, consistent with the baseline’s established use of Sevgi in the faith_working_through_love pattern (Galatians 5:6). Seventh and culminating virtue in the chain of 1:5-7; must not be read as an independent meritorious supplement earning standing.
Corruption
Approved rendering: yozlaşma
Transliteration: yoh-zlahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: φθορά
Category: Sin
NEW. Spans 1:4 (corruption escaped), 2:12 (destruction awaiting false teachers), and 2:19 (corruption they are enslaved to). Keep one consistent Turkish root across all three occurrences to preserve the letter’s own internal escape-versus-enslavement argument.
Virtue
Approved rendering: erdem
Transliteration: er-DEM
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. God’s own character (1:3) and the first link believers are commanded to supply to their faith (1:5). Genuine point of contact with Turkish secular ethical vocabulary and Islamic ahlâk tradition — teach, don’t suppress — while making clear erdem flows from faith already secured by grace, not an independent path to standing before God.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: tam bilgi
Transliteration: tahm beel-GEE
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: irfan, marifetullah
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Intensified, personal, relational, experiential knowing of God/Christ (1:2, 3, 8; 2:20), through which grace and peace multiply and virtue is completed. Reuses the Galatians baseline’s known_by_god caution: relational, God-given knowing, never irfan/marifetullah (Sufi gnosis attained through a graded spiritual path).
Self Control
Approved rendering: özdenetim
Transliteration: urz-deh-neh-TEEM
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: nefis-mücahede self-effort framing
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Third link in the virtue chain (1:6). Direct collision risk with the Sufi nefis-mücahede tradition (ascetic self-effort struggle against the base self), already flagged Critical/High in the Galatians baseline’s flesh_versus_spirit doctrine. Christian ἐγκράτεια is Spirit-enabled fruit, not a self-effort technique.
Godliness
Approved rendering: Tanrı’ya bağlılık
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-yah bah-luhl-LUHK
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: dindarlık
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Recurs at 1:3, 6, 7; 3:11. ‘Tanrı’ya bağlılık’ preferred over ‘dindarlık,’ which in contemporary Turkish denotes visible Islamic religious observance (namaz, oruç, tesettür) and risks reframing this as generic religious practice rather than Christ-grounded, Spirit-enabled reverence.
Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: Yüce Görkem
Transliteration: yoo-JEH gyor-KEHM
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: Christology
NEW. ‘The Majestic Glory,’ a reverent periphrasis for God the Father himself at the Transfiguration (1:17). Must be clearly understood by readers as referring to the Father himself, not an abstract impersonal force, or the theophany’s Father-authenticates-Son structure collapses.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: sabah yıldızı
Transliteration: sah-BAH yuhl-duh-ZUH
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Christology
NEW. A positive image of Christ himself and the dawning of his return (1:19; cf. Revelation 22:16). Must carry a mandatory translator note distinguishing this positive Christ-image from the popular cross-lingual ‘Lucifer = Satan’ association some readers may import from English/Latin Christian media; no Islamic-doctrine collision, but a real cross-cultural confusion risk.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: Sahip
Transliteration: sah-HEEP
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: efendi, Rab (would blur a distinct nuance)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ as sovereign Owner-by-redemption, denied by the false teachers he purchased (2:1). Deliberately distinct from Rab (κύριος) to preserve the redemptive-ownership nuance; explicitly not ‘efendi.’ Requires a translator note clarifying this still carries full divine authority, expressed through the specific lens of a redeeming Owner.
Rescue Deliver
Approved rendering: kurtarmak
Transliteration: koor-tahr-MAHK
Doctrine: Historical Examples of Divine Judgment and Rescue
Original: ῥύεσθαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s ability and pattern of rescuing the godly out of danger (2:9). Kept consistent in root with the baseline’s Kurtuluş/Kurtarmak family for theological continuity.
Kept Under Punishment
Approved rendering: cezalandırılmak üzere tutmak
Transliteration: jeh-zah-lahn-duh-ruhl-MAHK yzeh-REH toot-MAHK
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: κολαζομένους τηρεῖν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. God’s present, ongoing custodial restraint of the wicked prior to final judgment (2:9). Must be kept distinct from the final Day-of-the-Lord judgment; present, ongoing restraint, not the final sentence itself.
Overcome Again
Approved rendering: yeniden tutsak olmak
Transliteration: yeh-nee-DEHN toot-SAHK ohl-MAHK
Doctrine: Counterfeit Freedom and Bondage to Corruption
Original: ἥττηται
Category: False Teaching
NEW. The relapse of a former escapee back into bondage to corruption (2:19-20). Handle pastorally given real social/familial apostasy-relapse risk for converts in the Turkish context, per the baseline’s freedom_in_christ and circumcision_and_new_creation apostasy-sensitivity discipline.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: alay edenler
Transliteration: ah-LIE eh-den-LEHR
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Last-days mockers who deny the Parousia by pointing to its apparent delay (3:3-4). Direct link to the Certainty of Christ’s Return doctrine; the specific objection the whole final chapter answers.
Lord Not Slow
Approved rendering: Rab gecikmiyor
Transliteration: rahb geh-jeek-mee-YOR
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: οὐ βραδύνει κύριος
Category: Eschatology
NEW, reusing Rab exactly per baseline. Direct rebuttal of the mockers’ delay-argument: God is not tardy relative to his own promise (3:9).
Patience Of God
Approved rendering: sabır
Transliteration: sah-BUHR
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: generic endurance abstracted from redemptive purpose, kader-style fatalistic acceptance of delay
Original: μακροθυμεῖ / μακροθυμία
Category: God
NEW. God’s deliberate forbearance, withholding deserved judgment to give opportunity for repentance (3:9), reused of Paul’s letters at 3:15. Genuine positive resonance with Islamic devotional vocabulary of sabır and es-Sabur (one of Allah’s traditional ninety-nine names) — teach explicitly — while keeping this patience anchored to its stated redemptive purpose (tövbe leading to salvation through Christ), never a generic attribute. Kept distinct from ὑπομονή (sebat, ch.1, believers’ own endurance).
Day As Thousand Years
Approved rendering: Rab’bin yanında bir gün bin yıl gibidir
Transliteration: RAHB-been yah-nuhn-DAH beer GYOON been YUHL gee-bee-DEER
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μία ἡμέρα παρὰ κυρίῳ ὡς χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW. God’s transcendence of ordinary human time-perception, echoing Psalm 90:4 (3:8). Must be taught alongside 3:9’s purposive explanation (God’s patience aiming at repentance), never as an isolated numerological curiosity that alone answers the delay question.
Twist Distort
Approved rendering: çarpıtmak
Transliteration: chahr-puht-MAHK
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: στρεβλόω
Category: Scripture
NEW. To wrench a text’s meaning out of its true sense; the unlearned and unstable twisting Paul’s letters to their own destruction (3:16). Direct link to the Scripture-reliability doctrine, paralleling 1:20’s private-interpretation warning.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Elçi
Transliteration: el-CHEE
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Self-Designation
Rejected alternatives: resul / peygamber
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Peter’s self-designation alongside ‘kul’ in 1:1; guard against reduction to the resul/peygamber new-revelation-bearing prophet category.
Peace
Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: huzur, barış
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Part of the opening greeting (1:2).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Egemenliği
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn eh-geh-men-lee-EE
Doctrine: Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın devleti
Original: αἰώνιος βασιλεία τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Rendered at 1:11 in full as ‘Rabbimiz ve Kurtarıcımız İsa Mesih’in sonsuz egemenliği’ to preserve the Savior-formula alongside the kingdom concept.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: bilgi
Transliteration: beel-GEE
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Practical, applied knowledge; second link in the virtue chain (1:5-6) and part of the closing exhortation (3:18). Kept lexically distinct from the more intensified ἐπίγνωσις (tam bilgi).
Steadfast Endurance
Approved rendering: sebat
Transliteration: seh-BAHT
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Fourth link in the virtue chain (1:6). Kept lexically distinct from μακροθυμία (God’s patience, ch.3, ‘sabır’) to avoid collapsing believers’ endurance and God’s forbearance into one Turkish word.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: kardeşlik sevgisi
Transliteration: kahr-dehsh-LEEK sev-gee-SEE
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: kardeşlik alone
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Sixth link in the virtue chain (1:7). Cross-reference the baseline’s caution on ‘kardeşlik’ (fellowship entry): heavily used in Turkish nationalist and Islamic ümmet solidarity rhetoric; must be anchored explicitly to the body of believers in Christ.
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: görgü şahitleri
Transliteration: gur-GYOO shah-heet-leh-REE
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐπόπται
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Peter’s first-hand testimony of the Transfiguration as the ground of certainty about Christ’s return (1:16). The Greek word has a rare technical background in Greco-Roman mystery-cult initiation ranks; render in the plain legal/court-testimony sense only, never implying a mystical/esoteric initiation experience.
Majesty
Approved rendering: büyüklük
Transliteration: byoo-yook-LOOK
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Grandeur revealed at the Transfiguration (1:16). Kept distinct from δόξα (Yücelik) to preserve the passage’s stacked vocabulary of glory-terms.
Well Pleased
Approved rendering: razı oldum
Transliteration: rah-ZUH ohl-DOOM
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Original: εὐδόκησα
Category: Christology
NEW. The Father’s total approval of the Son at the Transfiguration (1:17). ‘Razı olmak’ carries positive resonance with Islamic devotional vocabulary (Allah’ın rızası) — a genuine point of contact — but must be taught as the Father’s unique approval of the eternal, divine Son, not generic approval of a righteous servant.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: kutsal dağ
Transliteration: koot-SAHL dah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Original: ἅγιον ὄρος
Category: Eschatology
NEW, reusing Kutsal exactly per baseline. The Transfiguration site (1:18); must be clear this is a specific historical location, not a generic sacred-mountain trope shared across religious traditions.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: sınırsız şehvet
Transliteration: suh-nuhr-SUHZ sheh-VEHT
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Shameless, unrestrained indulgence, especially sexual, characterizing the false teachers’ way (2:2).
Way Of Truth
Approved rendering: gerçeğin yolu
Transliteration: gher-cheh-EEN yoh-LOO
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: False Teaching
NEW. The gospel-shaped Christian manner of life, blasphemed on account of the false teachers’ conduct (2:2). Cross-reference the baseline’s Müjdenin gerçeği (truth_of_the_gospel) concept.
Flood
Approved rendering: tufan
Transliteration: too-FAHN
Doctrine: Historical Examples of Divine Judgment and Rescue
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: False Teaching
NEW. The Noahic flood, God’s historical judgment on the ancient world (2:5). Standard word, also shared with Qur’anic Nuh-narrative vocabulary; genuine narrative point of contact.
Noah Preacher Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: Nuh, doğruluğun habercisi
Transliteration: nooh, doh-roo-loo-OON hah-behr-jee-SEE
Doctrine: Historical Examples of Divine Judgment and Rescue
Original: Νῶε δικαιοσύνης κήρυκα
Category: Covenant
NEW, reusing Doğruluk exactly per baseline. Noah as a herald/preacher of righteousness before the flood, an example of a righteous person preserved through judgment (2:5).
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodom ve Gomora
Transliteration: soh-DOHM veh goh-moh-RAH
Doctrine: Historical Examples of Divine Judgment and Rescue
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
NEW. The judged cities of Genesis 19, a second historical example of divine judgment (2:6). Shared narrative territory with the Qur’anic Lut narrative.
Righteous Lot
Approved rendering: doğru Lut
Transliteration: doh-ROO loot
Doctrine: Historical Examples of Divine Judgment and Rescue
Original: δίκαιος Λώτ
Category: Covenant
NEW, reusing the Doğruluk root exactly per baseline. Lot as a preserved, righteous exception amid judgment (2:7-8).
Balaam
Approved rendering: Balam
Transliteration: bah-LAHM
Doctrine: Historical Examples of Divine Judgment and Rescue
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Covenant
NEW. The Numbers 22-24 prophet-for-hire who loved ‘the wages of unrighteousness,’ third historical example of corrupted prophecy (2:15-16). No direct Qur’anic parallel by this name asserted; note comparative background without an identification the text itself does not make.
Dominion Authority
Approved rendering: yetke
Transliteration: yet-KEH
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: κυριότης
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Legitimate authority structures (Christ’s lordship or angelic/civil authority) the false teachers despise (2:10). Kept etymologically visible link to the baseline’s Rab.
Blaspheme Glories
Approved rendering: hakaret etmek
Transliteration: hah-kah-REHT eht-MEHK
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: βλασφημέω (δόξας)
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Reuses the baseline’s küfür root from blasphemy_against_the_spirit with an explicit note that this occurrence (contempt for angelic ‘glories’/powers, 2:10-11) is distinct from blasphemy against the Holy Spirit; do not conflate the two doctrines despite the shared Turkish root.
Dog Returns To Vomit
Approved rendering: kendi kusmuğuna dönen köpek, çamurda yuvarlanan domuz
Transliteration: kehn-DEE koos-moo-oo-NAH dur-NEHN kur-PEHK
Doctrine: Counterfeit Freedom and Bondage to Corruption
Original: κύων … ἐξέραμα / ὗς … βορβόρου
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Twin proverbial images for relapse into a former degraded state, closing chapter 2 (2:22). Pigs/domuz carry strong ritual-impurity connotations in the Turkish-Islamic context (Qur’an 5:3); a genuine, useful point of resonance with shared uncleanness imagery, not a collision.
Spotless Blameless
Approved rendering: lekesiz ve kusursuz
Transliteration: leh-keh-SEEZ veh koo-soor-SOOZ
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The ethical goal for believers awaiting the Day of the Lord, echoing 2:13’s inverted imagery (3:14).
Unstable
Approved rendering: sağlam temeli olmayan
Transliteration: sah-LAHM teh-meh-LEE ohl-mah-YAHN
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἀστήρικτος
Category: Scripture
NEW. Lacking doctrinal/moral steadiness; describes those vulnerable to twisting Paul’s letters (3:16).
Equal Faith
Approved rendering: bizimkiyle eşit değerde iman
Transliteration: beez-eem-kee-YLEH eh-SHEET deh-EHR-deh ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Self-Designation
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Church
NEW. Faith held in identical esteem/standing regardless of apostolic rank (1:1). Must not be read through a tiered-attainment framework (cf. Sufi maqamat, spiritual ‘stations’); the point is the absence of ranking among believers.
Low Risk Terms
Amen
Approved rendering: Amin
Transliteration: ah-MEEN
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Inherited from Galatians package baseline transliteration standard. Closes the letter’s doxology at 3:18.
Honor
Approved rendering: onur
Transliteration: oh-NOOR
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ and the Transfiguration
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
NEW. Esteem bestowed on Christ by the Father at the Transfiguration (1:17). Plain honorific sense; low doctrinal risk.
Lamp Shining
Approved rendering: karanlıkta parlayan kandil
Transliteration: kah-rahn-luhk-TAH pahr-lah-YAHN kahn-DEEL
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λύχνος φαίνων
Category: Scripture
NEW. Scripture’s provisional, sufficient guiding light in a dark place, until the full light of Christ’s return (1:19). Concrete household-lamp image; low doctrinal risk.
Departure Death
Approved rendering: bedenim / ayrılışım
Transliteration: beh-deh-NEEM / ah-yruh-luh-SHUHM
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Self-Designation
Original: σκήνωμα / ἔξοδος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Peter’s body as a temporary ‘tent’ dwelling and his anticipated death as a ‘departure’ (1:13-15). Note the Exodus-narrative resonance (shared, at a distance, with the Qur’anic Musa narrative) without importing that narrative here; simply a euphemism for death.
Referenced passages