Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 John
Curriculum: 2 John
Destination language: Turkish
Companion document: 07_semantic_analysis.md
This glossary records every load-bearing theological term identified in the complete analysis of 2 John (all 13 verses of its single chapter). Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] carry over the Romans Language Package rendering exactly, per the hard rule that established terms must be reused without substitution. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum, each with a risk tier and grounded rationale, ready for insertion into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 2.
Glossary Table
| Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale / Collision notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | charis | Lütuf | BASELINE REUSE | High | Walking in Truth and Love | Reuse exactly per baseline grace entry. Never rahmet. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | Merhamet | BASELINE REUSE | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Reuse exactly per Galatians-package mercy entry. Kept distinct from Lütuf. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | Esenlik | BASELINE REUSE | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Reuse exactly per baseline peace entry. Relational peace, not huzur/barış. |
| God | Θεός | Theos | Tanrı | BASELINE REUSE | Critical | all four doctrines | Reuse exactly per baseline god entry. |
| Father | Πατήρ | Patēr | Baba | BASELINE REUSE | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Reuse exactly per baseline father entry; v. 9’s “has the Father” claim reinforces the tawhid-confrontational relational-Father doctrine. |
| Son (of God) | Υἱός (τοῦ Θεοῦ / τοῦ Πατρός) | Huios | Oğul / Tanrı’nın Oğlu | BASELINE REUSE | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ; Warning against Deceivers | Reuse exactly per baseline son_of_god entry. 2 John 1:3 and 1:9 both front-load full Sonship language before and after the incarnation-denial warning. |
| Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | Iēsous Christos | İsa Mesih | BASELINE REUSE | Critical | all four doctrines | Reuse exactly; never İsa alone, per baseline jesus/messiah entries. |
| Incarnation (doctrinal category) | (ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί) | erchomenon en sarki | Beden alma | BASELINE REUSE | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Reuse exactly per baseline incarnation entry. 2 John 1:7 is this curriculum’s core incarnation-denial passage. |
| Fellowship (positive sense) | κοινωνία (root) | koinōnia | Paydaşlık | BASELINE REUSE | Low (positive use only) | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Reuse exactly per baseline fellowship entry — but see the NEW entry below for 2 John 1:11’s negative use of the same root, which must NOT be rendered with this warmly positive noun. |
| Beginning (temporal origin) | ἀρχή | archē | başlangıç | BASELINE REUSE | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Consistent with beginning_of_the_gospel root usage. |
| Commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | buyruk | BASELINE REUSE | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Consistent with baseline new_commandment entry’s noun form. |
| Flesh — ETHICAL sense (fallen self-reliant nature) | σάρξ | sarx | Benlik | BASELINE REUSE — DO NOT USE IN 2 JOHN 1:7 | Critical | N/A here | Listed for contrast only. Galatians’ flesh_versus_spirit entry establishes Benlik for the ethical sense and explicitly forbids rendering that sense as “beden.” 2 John 1:7 uses σάρξ in the OPPOSITE (literal, physical/incarnational) sense — see the NEW entry immediately below. |
| Flesh — INCARNATIONAL sense (Christ’s real human body) | σάρξ (ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί) | sarx | beden (bedende gelmiş) | NEW | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Same Greek lemma as Benlik above but the OPPOSITE theological sense. Must render with the “beden” family (tied to baseline incarnation = “Beden alma”), never with Benlik. A mechanical single-word mapping of σάρξ→Benlik across this Language Package would produce the theologically incoherent statement “Christ came in self-reliant sinful nature” at precisely the passage denying that very error. Mandatory theologian review and a translator note at every occurrence. |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | Deccal (paired on first use with “Mesih Karşıtı” gloss) | NEW | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Direct collision: “Deccal” is the existing Kitabı Mukaddes rendering and a live, heavily narrated figure in Turkish Islamic (hadith-based) eschatology — a specific individual (traditionally one-eyed) who appears at the end of days and is defeated by the returning Isa/Mahdi. John’s ἀντίχριστος is different in kind: a PRESENT, PLURAL, ecclesial reality (many antichrists already active, 1 John 2:18) defined specifically by denial of Christ’s incarnation, not a single future apocalyptic individual. Using “Deccal” without a mandatory disambiguating gloss will cause readers to import the entire Islamic Deccal narrative (one eye, mark, Dabbat al-Ard, Mahdi’s victory) into a text making a much narrower, present-tense doctrinal claim. Alternatives_considered: “Mesih Karşıtı” (Christ-opposer) as a transparent descriptive compound with less narrative baggage — recommended as an accompanying gloss on every first occurrence per lesson, not a full replacement, to keep continuity with established Bible-translation tradition while controlling the collision. |
| Deceiver | πλάνος | planos | aldatıcı | NEW | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Must convey willful, deliberate deception (from πλανάω, “to cause to wander/stray”), not a merely honest error. Alternatives_rejected: “yanılan” (one who is mistaken) — too weak, removes the moral culpability the Greek assigns. |
| To confess (doctrinal acknowledgment) | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | açıkça kabul etmek | NEW | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Parallels the Romans 10:9 Lordship-confession pattern (“açıkça söylemek/kabul etmek”) but here the confessed content is the incarnation specifically. Must not be flattened to a private mental “belief” (inanmak) alone — the term carries a public, verbal, doctrinally specific acknowledgment. |
| Teaching (of Christ) | διδαχή | didachē | öğreti | NEW | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Central noun of this doctrine. Must name a fixed, bounded, apostolic content (“Mesih’in öğretisi”) — not a personal spiritual journey, an evolving tradition, or a synonym for generic “religious teaching.” Every occurrence (vv. 9, 10) escalates to theologian review. |
| To abide/remain | μένω | menō | kalmak | NEW | Critical | Walking in Truth and Love; Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | The letter’s programmatic keyword, used of truth abiding in believers (v. 2) and of believers abiding in Christ’s teaching (v. 9). Consistency of rendering across all occurrences is essential; must not vary stylistically (parallel to the Mark-package “hemen” consistency rule). |
| To go ahead/beyond (of doctrine) | προάγω | proagō | ileri gitmek (Mesih’in öğretisinde kalmayan) | NEW | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Highest supersession-risk term in this curriculum. A positive-sounding rendering (“ilerlemek,” “gelişmek”) would accidentally validate the very naskh/abrogation frame the Galatians package (false_gospel entry) already identifies as forbidden — i.e., that a later teaching may rightly supersede/correct an earlier one. John’s sense is a negative doctrinal overreach/abandonment, the opposite of virtuous progress. Textual variant note: some manuscripts read παραβαίνων (“transgressing”) instead of προάγων; both convey the same negative sense and should be noted transparently, following the Mark 16/John 7:53-8:11 textual-note discipline already established in this Language Package. |
| To have God / to have the Father and the Son | Θεὸν ἔχειν / τὸν Πατέρα καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ἔχειν | Theon echein | Tanrı’ya sahip olmak / Baba’yı ve Oğul’u sahip olmak (contextually: “Tanrı’yla ilişkisi/bağı olmak”) | NEW | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | A relational-possession claim tightly binding correct Christological confession to genuine standing with God. Reinforces, and must never soften, the baseline’s Critical sonship/deity-of-Christ doctrines. Requires teaching-note support since “having God” is not itself a native Islamic devotional category (submission/kulluk is more central there than relational “possession” of God) and could otherwise be misheard as a strange or arrogant claim rather than a statement about covenant relationship secured through right confession of Christ. |
| Reward | μισθός | misthos | ödül | NEW | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 2 John 1:8’s “full reward” (μισθὸν πλήρη), tied to “what we have worked for” (ἐργασάμεθα), surfaces the same amel/mizan collision risk already documented for eternal_life and sowing_and_reaping in the Galatians package. Must be taught as the fruit of Spirit-sustained perseverance in true doctrine, granted by grace, never as a wage mechanically earned and tallied on a deeds-ledger. Escalates to theologian review on every occurrence, consistent with the existing eternal_life/good_works escalation pattern. |
| Works (evil deeds, general moral sense) | ἔργα (πονηρά) | erga (ponēra) | kötü işler | NEW | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Lower risk than the soteriological ἔργα discussions elsewhere (works_of_the_law, good_works, not_of_works), since this is a plain moral category (evil deeds) rather than a claim about the ground of justification. A brief disambiguating note is still useful so students do not conflate this ordinary “kötü işler” with the Critical “iyi işler” (good_works) discussion from Ephesians. |
| Works (labor performed in ministry) | ἔργα / ἐργάζομαι (εἰργασάμεθα) | erga / ergazomai | emek | NEW | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Distinct sense again from the forensic works-of-the-law question; ordinary ministry labor. Kept lexically separate (emek, not sevap-adjacent vocabulary) from the reward/amel risk documented above. |
| Fellowship/participation — NEGATIVE sense (complicity in evil) | κοινωνέω | koinōneō | ortak olmak | NEW | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Same root as the positive fellowship/Paydaşlık doctrine, deliberately applied here to complicity in a false teacher’s evil works (2 John 1:11). Must NOT be rendered with the warmly positive noun Paydaşlık, which would create serious doctrinal confusion (making “partnership with evil” sound like the same good thing as “fellowship in Christ”). Requires an explicit teaching note contrasting the two uses of the shared root. |
| House / household (context: hospitality to false teachers) | οἰκία | oikia | ev | NEW | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | The instruction “do not receive him into the house” (v. 10) collides with misafirperverlik (hospitality), a deeply held virtue in Turkish culture with strong religious backing (a common Turkish/Islamic saying holds the guest to be a gift from God). Must be taught as a bounded, doctrine-specific exception concerning known deniers of the incarnation who seek formal ministry endorsement/support — never as a general license to withhold ordinary hospitality or courtesy to outsiders, strangers, or people of other faiths. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review, parallel in sensitivity to the Ephesians/Colossians household-code discipline already established in this Language Package. |
| Greeting formula (epistolary/oral “hail”) | χαίρειν | chairein | selam (vermemek) — requires disambiguating gloss | NEW | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | ”Selam” shares its root with İslam (submission/peace) and carries heavy devotional and social weight in Turkish culture; “selam vermemek” (withholding the standard greeting) functions as a recognized act of social/religious shunning. Because 2 John 1:10-11 is specifically about withholding formal endorsement of a false teacher’s ministry, not a blanket command to be discourteous to any non-Christian or stranger, the term requires an explicit disambiguating note wherever it is taught, distinguishing withheld-endorsement from ordinary human courtesy. Contrast deliberately with the positive greeting (ἀσπάζομαι) of v. 13, which uses a different Greek verb and should be rendered with a plain “selam gönderir/iletir” without the same disambiguation burden. |
| To receive/welcome (formally) | λαμβάνω | lambanō | kabul etmek | NEW | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Paired directly with οἰκία above; the formal-welcome sense (not casual social contact) must be kept clear so the instruction reads as doctrinal boundary-setting, not blanket social exclusion. |
| To walk (ethical conduct) | περιπατέω | peripateō | yürümek | NEW | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Established Johannine-epistle convention (1 John 1:6-7; 2:6, 11) renders this literally as “yürümek,” distinct from the Galatians package’s idiomatic “Ruh’un yönetiminde yaşamak” for the same verb in a different pastoral context (walk_by_the_spirit). Both are valid but context-dependent; 2 John should follow the literal Johannine-epistle convention for internal consistency with 1 and 3 John. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | gerçek | NEW (standardizes existing baseline usage pattern, e.g. truth_of_the_gospel = “Müjdenin gerçeği”) | High | Walking in Truth and Love; Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Must be taught as an objective, given reality that abides/remains (v. 2), not one perspective among several — consistent with the baseline’s truth_of_the_gospel caution against a relativized reading. |
| Love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | agapē / agapaō | sevgi / sevmek | NEW (standardizes existing baseline usage pattern, e.g. faith_working_through_love = “Sevgiyle etkin olan iman”) | High | Walking in Truth and Love | V. 6’s circular definition (love = walking in the commandments; the commandment = walking in love) must be preserved intact — love as active obedience, not sentiment alone. |
| Elect / chosen (of a person or community) | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτή | eklektos / eklektē | seçilmiş | NEW (consistent with baseline election, predestined_chosen) | High | Walking in Truth and Love (implicit ecclesial identity) | Applied to the letter’s addressee(s) (“elect lady,” “elect sister”) — ties to the Critical election doctrine already established in the baseline; must never drift toward kader/kısmet. Exegetically contested referent (individual woman vs. personified church); render literally and record the alternative reading, per the israel_of_god baseline discipline. |
| Elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | İhtiyar | NEW | Medium | (authorial framing, all doctrines) | Established church-office usage; requires a brief note distinguishing the office-title sense from the merely biological “elderly person” sense, since Turkish “ihtiyar” is more commonly encountered in the latter, everyday sense. |
| Lady (honorific address) | κυρία | kyria | hanımefendi | NEW | Medium | (epistolary framing) | Feminine of κύριος; render literally, with a translator note on the widely held exegetical alternative that “the elect lady and her children” personifies a local congregation and its members. |
| Full/fulfilled (of joy) | πληρόω (πεπληρωμένη) | plēroō | tamamlanmış / dolu | NEW | Low | (closing greeting) | Shares a root with the Critical πλήρωμα (“fullness”) vocabulary of the Colossians/Ephesians packages (fullness_and_reconciliation, fullness_of_deity_bodily), but this occurrence (of relational joy) carries no comparable doctrinal weight — noted for cross-reference consistency only, not escalated. |
| Face to face (idiom) | στόμα πρὸς στόμα | stoma pros stoma | yüz yüze | NEW | Medium | (closing, personal visit) | Must NOT be rendered literally as “ağızdan ağıza,” which in Turkish idiom suggests gossip/rumor transmission — the opposite of the intended sense of direct, personal, trustworthy communication. |
| Sister (of addressee) | ἀδελφή | adelphē | kızkardeş | NEW | Low | (closing greeting) | Plain kinship/ecclesial term; low risk. |
| Children | τέκνα / τέκνον | tekna / teknon | çocuklar / çocuk | NEW | Low | Walking in Truth and Love | Plain term; metaphorical extension to “spiritual children”/church members carries the same Medium-risk exegetical-referent note as κυρία/ἐκλεκτή above. |
| World | κόσμος | kosmos | dünya | NEW (consistent with existing baseline usage, e.g. god_so_loved_the_world) | Low | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Standard established rendering; no new risk beyond consistency. |
Escalation Summary for Phase 2
Consistent with the doctrine_risk_registry.json routing framework, the following terms/passages from 2 John require mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence:
- σάρξ in its 2 John 1:7 incarnational sense (never Benlik)
- ἀντίχριστος / Deccal (mandatory disambiguating gloss)
- διδαχή (“the teaching of Christ”) throughout vv. 9–10
- μένω throughout (vv. 2, 9)
- προάγω (v. 9, supersession-risk)
- μισθός / “full reward” (v. 8, amel-mizan risk)
- Θεὸν ἔχειν / “has the Father and the Son” (v. 9)
- οἰκία and λαμβάνω together (v. 10, hospitality doctrine) — mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review, parallel to the Ephesians/Colossians household-code discipline
- χαίρειν as withheld greeting (vv. 10–11) — mandatory native-speaker review for the selam/İslam-root collision, escalated to theologian review given the doctrinal weight of what the withheld greeting signifies
All remaining terms in this glossary follow the standard Medium (native-speaker review) or Low (automated review) routing already defined in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ / Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah (theologically usable but politically/socially contested for Christian texts in some contexts)
Original: Θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. 2 John 1:9’s claim that a doctrinally unfaithful person ‘does not have God’ intensifies rather than introduces new risk around this term.
Father
Approved rendering: Baba
Transliteration: bah-BAH
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Yaratıcı (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Original: Πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Named as the source of the commandment (2 John 1:4) and, together with the Son, as the object of relational ‘possession’ by right-believing Christians (1:9). Never retreat to an impersonal Yaratıcı.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Oğlu
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn oh-LOO
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın sevgili kulu (God’s beloved servant), kutsal kişi (holy person)
Original: Υἱὸς (τοῦ Πατρός / τοῦ Θεοῦ)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. 2 John front-loads ‘Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father’ (1:3) before the incarnation-denial warning (1:7), then ties possession of the Father to right confession of the Son (1:9) — a double bracketing that intensifies the Critical tawhid confrontation (Qur’an 112:3) within an unusually short span of text. Never soften to a servant/prophet euphemism.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peygamber’ (Prophet Jesus, without Mesih)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Always paired with Mesih (İsa Mesih) in this letter’s doctrinally loaded references (1:3, 1:7); never used bare in doctrinally significant contexts.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesih
Transliteration: meh-SEEH
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sadece bir peygamber (merely a prophet)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The direct object of the incarnation confession denied by deceivers (2 John 1:7); must always carry its full OT-fulfillment, atoning-savior content.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Beden alma
Transliteration: beh-DEN ahl-MAH
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın insan kılığına girmesi (God disguising himself as a human), tecessüm (bare philosophical term historically used in Islamic polemic to name and reject this very idea), enkarnasyon (loanword associated with Hindu-avatar-style repeated divine embodiment)
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. 2 John 1:7 is this curriculum’s dedicated incarnation-denial passage: ‘Jesus Christ come in the flesh.’ Never softened toward a temporary appearance or disguise.
False Gospel
Approved rendering: Başka bir müjde (gerçekte müjde bile değil)
Transliteration: bahsh-KAH beer myooj-DEH
Doctrine: Continuity of Apostolic Doctrine (No New Commandment) / Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bir önceki aşama / eski ama geçerli bir müjde (an earlier-but-valid stage, naskh-adjacent)
Inherited from the Galatians-package baseline. Its naskh/abrogation-guard rationale directly informs 2 John’s go_ahead_beyond (προάγω, 1:9) and commandment/beginning (1:5-6) entries: a later teaching must never be framed as rightly superseding or correcting Christ’s own fixed teaching.
Good Works
Approved rendering: iyi işler
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward, Not Merit (contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (imports the Islamic deeds-weighed-at-judgment category)
Inherited from the Ephesians-package baseline. Referenced to distinguish 2 John 1:11’s plain moral category works_evil (kötü işler) from this Critical soteriological discussion, so students do not conflate the two.
Not Of Works
Approved rendering: iyi işlerin sonucu değildir
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-leh-REEN soh-noo-JOO deh-eel-DEER
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward, Not Merit (contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: salih amel değildir
Inherited from the Ephesians-package baseline. Referenced as the governing grace/works antithesis behind the teaching note required for 2 John 1:8’s reward entry.
Flesh Incarnational
Approved rendering: beden (bedende gelmiş)
Transliteration: beh-DEN (beh-den-DEH gel-MEESH)
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Benlik (reserved exclusively for the Galatians-package’s ETHICAL fallen-nature sense of the identical Greek lemma σάρξ; using it here would produce the theologically incoherent claim ‘Christ came in self-reliant sinful nature’ at precisely the verse condemning denial of the real incarnation)
Original: σάρξ (ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί)
Category: Christology
NEW. 2 John 1:7: ‘Jesus Christ ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί (coming in the flesh).’ This is the one place in the whole Language Package where the identical Greek lemma requires a deliberate lexical FORK depending on sense: the literal/incarnational sense here must render with the beden family (tied to baseline incarnation = Beden alma), never with Benlik. Mandatory theologian review and a translator note at every occurrence; sense-tag at the segment level, not the lemma level.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: Deccal (Mesih Karşıtı)
Transliteration: dej-JAHL (meh-SEEH kar-shuh-TUH)
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: bare Deccal without the parenthetical gloss (imports the full Islamic end-times narrative: a specific future one-eyed individual, his mark, the Dabbat al-Ard, defeat by the returning Isa/Mahdi), bare Mesih Karşıtı alone as a silent replacement (breaks continuity with the established Kitabı Mukaddes rendering, loses recognition value), antikrist (unattested transliteration, no Bible-translation precedent, achieves neither recognition value nor transparency)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: False Teaching
NEW. 2 John’s single highest collision risk. ἀντίχριστος names a PRESENT, PLURAL, ecclesial reality (many antichrists already active) defined specifically by denial of Christ’s incarnation, not a single future apocalyptic individual. Mandatory compound rendering ‘Deccal (Mesih Karşıtı)’ on every occurrence — never either half alone. Any bare ‘Deccal’ must fail Phase 2 validation automatically.
Confess
Approved rendering: açıkça kabul etmek
Transliteration: ah-CHUHK-chah kah-BOOL et-MEK
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: inanmak alone (private mental belief, too weak, loses the public/verbal force), itiraf etmek (contemporary Turkish register most associated with confessing a crime or sin — courtroom/police connotation)
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 John 1:7’s ὁμολογέω. Deliberately parallel to the Romans 10:9 Lordship-confession pattern, but the confessed content here is the incarnation specifically. Must carry public, verbal, doctrinally specific acknowledgment with salvation-relevant stakes.
Teaching Of Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’in öğretisi
Transliteration: meh-SEE-hin ur-reh-tee-SEE
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ders (lesson — too pedestrian/classroom-flavored), mesaj (message — too informal/media-flavored), Mesih’in şeriatı (forbidden per the baseline law_of_christ prohibition)
Original: διδαχή (τοῦ Χριστοῦ)
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 John 1:9-10’s διδαχή. Must consistently name a fixed, bounded, apostolic content — never a personal spiritual path or evolving tradition. Always specify ‘Mesih’in öğretisi,’ never bare öğreti alone in this passage. Every occurrence escalates to theologian review.
Abide
Approved rendering: kalmak
Transliteration: kahl-MAHK
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ; Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: sebat etmek (reserved for descriptive doctrine-title/summary prose only; using it as the in-text verb itself would break the letter’s own deliberate lexical repetition between 1:2 and 1:9)
Original: μένω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. The letter’s programmatic keyword (μένω), used of truth abiding in believers (1:2) and of believers abiding, or failing to abide, in Christ’s teaching (1:9). Consistency of rendering across every occurrence is essential; do not vary stylistically.
Go Ahead Beyond
Approved rendering: ileri gitmek
Transliteration: ee-leh-REE geet-MEK
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ilerlemek (FORBIDDEN — ‘to progress’; the more natural, idiomatic Turkish choice, but its default positive connotation would validate the very naskh/abrogation frame this Language Package already forbids), gelişmek (FORBIDDEN — ‘to develop/improve’; same risk)
Original: προάγω (variant: παραβαίνω)
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 John 1:9’s προάγω (manuscript variant: παραβαίνων, ‘transgressing’ — note transparently, per the Mark 16:9-20 / John 7:53-8:11 textual-note discipline). Highest supersession-risk term in this curriculum. Must be paired with an explicit negative-outcome clause (‘Mesih’in öğretisinde kalmayan’) in the same clause so the negative valence cannot be missed. Automatic validation flag on any occurrence of ilerlemek/gelişmek within three verses of a διδαχή/öğreti reference.
Have God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’ya sahip olmak / Baba’yı ve Oğul’u sahip olmak
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-YAH sah-HEEP ohl-MAHK
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ; Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’yla ilişkisi olmak (smoother paraphrase, but loses 2 John 1:9’s own deliberate repeated ἔχειν verb structure — ‘does not have… has’)
Original: Θεὸν ἔχειν / τὸν Πατέρα καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ἔχειν
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 John 1:9. A relational-possession claim tightly binding correct Christological confession to genuine standing with God. Requires mandatory teaching-note support since relational ‘possession’ of God is not a native Islamic devotional category (kulluk/submission is more central there than ‘having’ God).
Reward
Approved rendering: tam ödül
Transliteration: tahm ur-DYOOL
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward, Not Merit
Rejected alternatives: ücret (wage — strongly commercial/labor-contract register, sharpens rather than mitigates the amel/mizan collision risk), sevap (FORBIDDEN — Islamic merit-point vocabulary per every prior baseline good_works/fruit_of_the_spirit precedent)
Original: μισθὸς πλήρης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 2 John 1:8’s μισθὸν πλήρη, tied to ‘what we have worked for’ (εἰργασάμεθα). Reads on its surface almost exactly like the Islamic amel/mizan (deeds-weighed-at-Judgment) framework. Must be taught, consistent with the eternal_life/sowing_and_reaping/good_works cautions already established, as grace-granted fruit of perseverance in true doctrine, never a mechanically-earned, tallied wage. Escalates to theologian review on every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Grace / The Triadic Grace, Mercy, and Peace Greeting
Rejected alternatives: rahmet, keramet, bağış
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Lütuf conveys unearned favor given apart from merit. Rahmet (‘mercy’) is the standard Islamic-vocabulary term for God’s mercy but is compatible with a merit-and-mercy salvation framework, not grace apart from works. In 2 John 1:3’s unusual triadic greeting (grace, mercy, peace), Lütuf must remain lexically distinct from Merhamet (mercy) so the greeting is not heard as a single merit-and-mercy Islamic soteriological formula.
Election
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın seçimi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn seh-chee-MEE
Doctrine: Election and the Elect Lady
Rejected alternatives: kader (fate/predestination in the qadar sense), kısmet
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the adjective elect_chosen (seçilmiş) applied to the letter’s addressee (1:1) and companion congregation (1:13). Must never drift toward kader/kısmet fatalism.
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’in Yasası
Transliteration: meh-SEE-hin yah-sah-SUH
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ (forbidden-alternative reference)
Rejected alternatives: Mesih’in şeriatı (Christ’s Sharia)
Inherited from the Galatians-package baseline. Referenced here to reinforce that ‘Mesih’in öğretisi’ (the teaching of Christ, 2 John 1:9-10) must never be framed as ‘Mesih’in şeriatı,’ a rival comprehensive religious-legal system, exactly as this entry already forbids for Galatians 6:2.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Sonsuz yaşam
Transliteration: son-SOOZ yah-SHAHM
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward, Not Merit (contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: a deeds-scale (mizan) reward framing
Inherited from the Galatians-package baseline (Galatians 6:8). Cited as the closest existing precedent for 2 John 1:8’s ‘full reward,’ both requiring the same grace-sustained, never-mechanically-earned framing.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: Ne ekerse onu biçer
Transliteration: neh eh-KER-seh oh-NOO bee-CHER
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward, Not Merit (contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: a rendering left unglossed against the existing Turkish secular idiom of the same form
Inherited from the Galatians-package baseline. Its kader/kısmet-fatalism caution is directly analogous to the amel/mizan caution required for 2 John 1:8’s reward entry.
Truth Of The Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjdenin gerçeği
Transliteration: myooj-deh-NEEN gher-cheh-EE
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love (contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: Hristiyan bakış açısı (the Christian perspective, one among many)
Inherited from the Galatians-package baseline. Establishes the pattern this letter’s new truth entry (gerçek) standardizes: an objective, standing reality, not one perspective among several.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: aldatıcı
Transliteration: ahl-dah-tuh-JUH
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: yanılan (one who is honestly mistaken — too weak, removes moral culpability), sapkın (heretic/deviant — imports a specifically Islamic intra-sectarian heresy-policing connotation foreign to this passage’s claim about Christ)
Original: πλάνος
Category: False Teaching
NEW. 2 John 1:7’s πλάνος (‘many deceivers’). Must convey willful, deliberate deception, from πλανάω ‘to cause to wander/stray,’ not honest error.
Fellowship Negative
Approved rendering: ortak olmak
Transliteration: or-TAHK ohl-MAHK
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: Paydaşlık (FORBIDDEN in this negative sense — reserved exclusively for the positive fellowship doctrine; would make ‘partnership with evil’ sound like the same good thing as fellowship in Christ)
Original: κοινωνέω
Category: Ethics
NEW. 2 John 1:11’s κοινωνέω, used ironically of the complicity a formal greeting confers in a false teacher’s evil works. Deliberate negative-valence lexical fork opposite fellowship/Paydaşlık, parallel to the Galatians kul/köle fork discipline. Requires an explicit teaching note contrasting the two uses of the shared Greek root.
House Hospitality
Approved rendering: ev
Transliteration: EHV
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: hane (overly bureaucratic/census-register connotation), konak (archaic-flavored)
Original: οἰκία
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:10’s οἰκία. Collides with misafirperverlik (hospitality), a deeply held Turkish cultural/religious virtue (‘misafir Allah’ın bir lütfudur/nasibidir’). Must be taught as a bounded, doctrine-specific exception concerning known deniers of the incarnation seeking formal ministry endorsement — never a general license to withhold ordinary hospitality. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review, parallel to the Ephesians/Colossians household-code discipline.
Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: kabul etmek
Transliteration: kah-BOOL et-MEK
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: ağırlamak (too warmly hospitality-coded), misafir etmek (too warmly hospitality-coded, collides with the misafirperverlik virtue)
Original: λαμβάνω
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:10’s λαμβάνω. Deliberately neutral/formal choice, avoiding the warmly hospitality-coded verbs, so the instruction reads as doctrinal boundary-setting concerning a specific known false teacher, not blanket social exclusion.
Greeting Formula
Approved rendering: selam (vermemek)
Transliteration: seh-LAHM (vehr-meh-MEK)
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: no viable substitute exists — selam is the only natural Turkish word; risk is mitigated by a mandatory disambiguating gloss, not by substitution
Original: χαίρειν
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:10-11’s χαίρειν, withheld from a known denier of the incarnation. ‘Selam’ shares its root with İslam and ‘selam vermemek’ functions as a recognized act of social/religious shunning in Turkish culture. Every occurrence requires a disambiguating gloss distinguishing withheld formal doctrinal endorsement from ordinary human courtesy, contrasted explicitly with greeting_closing at 1:13.
Truth
Approved rendering: gerçek
Transliteration: gher-CHEHK
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love; Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hakikat (Sufi/philosophical register, connotes the esoteric/metaphysical innermost-layer Truth of tariqa cosmology), doğru (too thin, merely adjectival)
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. Standardizes existing baseline usage pattern (cf. truth_of_the_gospel). Must be taught as an objective, given reality that abides/remains (1:2), not one perspective among several.
Love
Approved rendering: sevgi / sevmek
Transliteration: sehv-GEE / sehv-MEK
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: aşk (Sufi/mystical divine-union and romantic-love register — İlahi aşk), muhabbet (warm devotional affection, but imprecise about the volitional, obedience-linked content 1:6 specifies)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Ethics
NEW. Standardizes existing baseline usage pattern (cf. faith_working_through_love). 2 John 1:6’s circular definition (love = walking in the commandments; the commandment = walking in love) must be preserved intact — love as active obedience, never sentiment alone.
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: seçilmiş
Transliteration: seh-cheel-MEESH
Doctrine: Election and the Elect Lady
Rejected alternatives: kader/kısmet-style fatalistic framing (forbidden)
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτή
Category: Election
NEW. Consistent with the baseline election/predestined_chosen root. Applied to the letter’s addressee (‘elect lady,’ 1:1) and a companion congregation’s members (‘elect sister,’ 1:13). The referent (individual woman vs. personified congregation) is exegetically contested; render literally and record the alternative rather than resolving it in-text, per the israel_of_god baseline discipline.
Medium Risk Terms
Mercy
Approved rendering: Merhamet
Transliteration: mer-hah-MET
Doctrine: The Triadic Grace, Mercy, and Peace Greeting
Rejected alternatives: rahmet used in a grace-contrast context
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from the Galatians-package baseline (Galatians 6:16), reused exactly. Distinct from Lütuf (grace); ordinary mercy vocabulary, not the merit-and-mercy Islamic soteriological frame. 2 John 1:3 is the first passage in this Language Package family to place grace and mercy side by side in a single greeting, making the Lütuf/Merhamet distinction doubly load-bearing here.
Peace
Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: The Triadic Grace, Mercy, and Peace Greeting
Rejected alternatives: huzur (inner calm), barış (political/interpersonal peace)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Relational peace secured through justification, not psychological calm (huzur) or a political/interpersonal truce (barış). Third element of 2 John 1:3’s greeting.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Elçi
Transliteration: el-CHEE
Doctrine: The Apostolic Authority of the Elder (contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: resul / peygamber (prophet-messenger)
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced to clarify that the Elder’s (πρεσβύτερος) binding doctrinal authority in 2 John rests on this same Spirit-authorized, eyewitness-to-Christ category, not on the more diffuse authority Turkish popular piety sometimes extends to a hoca or respected teacher.
Works Evil
Approved rendering: kötü işler
Transliteration: kur-TYOO eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: ἔργα (πονηρά)
Category: Ethics
NEW. 2 John 1:11’s ἔργα πονηρά (‘evil works’). A plain moral category, lower risk than the soteriological ἔργα discussions elsewhere in this Language Package. A brief disambiguating note is useful so students do not conflate this with the Critical good_works (iyi işler) discussion from Ephesians.
Works Labor
Approved rendering: emek
Transliteration: eh-MEK
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward, Not Merit
Rejected alternatives: sevap-adjacent vocabulary (forbidden)
Original: ἐργάζομαι (εἰργασάμεθα)
Category: Ethics
NEW. 2 John 1:8’s εἰργασάμεθα (‘we worked’). Ordinary ministry labor, not the forensic works-of-the-law question, but the shared ἔργον root risks importing the amel/mizan frame if handled carelessly alongside reward. Keep lexically distinct (emek, not sevap-adjacent vocabulary).
Greeting Closing
Approved rendering: selam gönderir / selamını iletir
Transliteration: seh-LAHM gurn-deh-REER
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: ἀσπάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:13’s ἀσπάζομαι — the letter’s own positive contrast case to greeting_formula. Rendered plainly without the disambiguation burden, since normal Christian greeting flows freely among those who share the truth.
Walk
Approved rendering: yürümek
Transliteration: yoo-ryoo-MEK
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: yaşamak (too generic, loses the concrete metaphor), Ruh’un yönetiminde yaşamak (the Galatians package’s idiom for the same Greek verb, but reserved for a different pastoral context, Galatians 5:16)
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Ethics
NEW. 2 John 1:4, 1:6’s περιπατέω. Established Johannine-epistle convention (1 John 1:6-7; 2:6, 11) renders this literally as yürümek, for internal consistency with 1 and 3 John.
Elder
Approved rendering: İhtiyar
Transliteration: eeh-tee-YAHR
Doctrine: The Apostolic Authority of the Elder
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:1, 1:12-13’s πρεσβύτερος, the author’s self-designation (traditionally the apostle John). Established church-office usage; requires a brief note distinguishing the office-title sense from the far more common everyday ‘elderly person’ sense.
Lady
Approved rendering: hanımefendi
Transliteration: hah-nuhm-eh-fen-DEE
Doctrine: Election and the Elect Lady
Original: κυρία
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:1, 1:5’s κυρία. Render literally, with a translator note on the widely held exegetical alternative that the addressee personifies a local congregation.
Commandment
Approved rendering: buyruk
Transliteration: booy-ROOK
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love; Continuity of Apostolic Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: emir (bureaucratic/military/police-order register), ferman (archaic Ottoman-imperial edict)
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
NEW. Consistent with the baseline new_commandment entry’s noun form. 2 John 1:4-6’s ἐντολή, explicitly NOT new but received ‘from the beginning.‘
Beginning
Approved rendering: başlangıç
Transliteration: bahsh-lahn-GUCH
Doctrine: Continuity of Apostolic Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: ezel (philosophical/theological ‘eternity past,’ would overclaim and blur into the very different Critical claim made of the Logos in John 1:1)
Original: ἀρχή (ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς)
Category: Covenant
NEW. 2 John 1:5-6’s ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς. Refers to the recipients’ own catechetical starting point, not divine eternity. Anti-supersession function: doctrine received ‘from the beginning’ is fixed, not evolving or since-corrected.
Face To Face
Approved rendering: yüz yüze
Transliteration: yooz yoo-ZEH
Doctrine: The Apostolic Authority of the Elder
Rejected alternatives: ağızdan ağıza (FORBIDDEN — literal calque; in Turkish idiom this means gossip/rumor transmission, the semantic opposite of the source idiom’s intended sense)
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:12’s στόμα πρὸς στόμα, contrasted with writing on ‘paper and ink.’ Mandatory paraphrase; literal calque actively inverts meaning.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Paydaşlık
Transliteration: pie-dahsh-LUHK
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment (positive sense only)
Rejected alternatives: kardeşlik (brotherhood, too generic/political)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly, for the POSITIVE sense of κοινωνία only. See the NEW entry fellowship_negative below for 2 John 1:11’s ironic negative use of the same Greek root, which must never be rendered with this term.
World
Approved rendering: dünya
Transliteration: dyoon-YAH
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: κόσμος
Category: Sin
NEW. Standardizes existing baseline usage (cf. god_so_loved_the_world). 2 John 1:7: the sphere into which many deceivers ‘have gone out.‘
Children
Approved rendering: çocuklar
Transliteration: choh-jook-LAHR
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: τέκνα / τέκνον
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:1, 1:4, 1:13’s τέκνα. Plain term; metaphorical extension to church members carries the same Medium-risk exegetical-referent note as lady/elect_chosen.
Sister
Approved rendering: kızkardeş
Transliteration: kuhz-kar-DESH
Doctrine: Election and the Elect Lady
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
NEW. 2 John 1:13’s ἀδελφή, personifying a fellow congregation. Mirrors the letter’s opening address, reinforcing the church-personification reading.
Fulfilled Joy
Approved rendering: tamamlanmış / dolu
Transliteration: tah-mahm-lahn-MUSH / doh-LOO
Doctrine: The Apostolic Authority of the Elder
Original: πεπληρωμένη (πληρόω)
Category: Faith
NEW. 2 John 1:12’s πεπληρωμένη, describing the relational joy anticipated from an in-person visit. Shares a root with the Critical πλήρωμα (‘fullness’) vocabulary of the Colossians/Ephesians packages, but carries no comparable doctrinal weight here — noted for cross-reference consistency only.
Referenced passages