Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (Koine Greek → Turkish)
Curriculum: 2 Timothy
Destination language: Turkish
Core passage: 2 Timothy 3:14–4:5
Cross-reference: All entries below are consistent with, and where indicated directly reuse, the baseline Romans Language Package (translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json). Reused terms are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and MUST NOT be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and should be added to translation_memory.json with an incremented version number before Phase 2 translation begins.
Section 1 — Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sacred writings / Holy Scripture | ἱερὰ γράμματα (hiera grammata) | Kutsal Yazılar | High | NEW | OT scriptures as authoritative body; engages the Islamic tahrif (corruption) polemic; must be taught alongside textual-reliability material, not merely translated. |
| Scripture (general/technical) | γραφή (graphē) | Kutsal Yazı / Yazı | High | NEW | Technical term for the sacred canon; “all Scripture” (πᾶσα γραφή) universal scope must never be narrowed. |
| God-breathed / inspired | θεόπνευστος (theopneustos) | Tanrı esinlemesi | Critical | NEW | The single highest-stakes term in this doctrine. NEVER vahiy (implies Qur’an-parallel verbatim-dictation model, invites tahrif framing). NEVER ilham (flattens unique divine origin into generic Sufi mystical inspiration). “Esin” is the correct, doctrinally precise, already-conventional Turkish Bible choice. Theologian review mandatory every occurrence. |
| make wise (for salvation) | σοφίσαι (sophisai, < σοφίζω) | bilge kılmak / kurtuluşa götürecek bilgeliğe kavuşturmak | Medium | NEW | Avoid bare hikmet (Sufi/philosophical-wisdom loading); keep tied concretely to σωτηρία. |
| profitable / useful | ὠφέλιμος (ōphelimos) | yararlı | Low | NEW | Standard vocabulary. |
| teaching (content) | διδασκαλία (didaskalia) | öğreti | Medium | NEW | Keep noun consistent with ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (below) across the whole book. |
| reproof / conviction | ἐλεγμός (elegmos) | azarlama / suçu ortaya çıkarma | Medium | NEW | Forensic “exposing as true” sense, not mere criticism. |
| correction / restoration | ἐπανόρθωσις (epanorthōsis) | düzeltme | Low-Medium | NEW | Hapax legomenon; restorative, not merely punitive. |
| training / discipline | παιδεία (paideia) | eğitim | Medium | NEW | Avoid bare terbiye (authoritarian/punitive colloquial overtone); pair with Doğruluk. |
| complete / fully equipped | ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτίζω (artios / exartizō) | eksiksiz / donatılmış | High | NEW | Names the sufficiency outcome: Scripture alone fully equips the man of God; do not weaken to “somewhat helpful.” |
| man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος | Tanrı adamı | Medium | NEW | OT prophetic-office title generalized to any minister/believer; functionally gender-generic per Turkish’s ungendered pronoun system. |
Section 2 — Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| suffer (general) | πάσχω (paschō) | acı çekmek | High | NEW | Root of the letter’s suffering word-family (πάθημα, κακοπαθέω); keep visibly related across all occurrences. |
| endure suffering / hardship | κακοπαθέω (kakopatheō) | zorluklara göğüs germek / sıkıntıya dayanmak | High | NEW | Used of Paul (2:9) and charged to Timothy (4:5); real pastoral weight given apostasy/persecution risk for Turkish converts. |
| suffering (noun) | πάθημα (pathēma) | acılar / sıkıntılar | High | NEW | Same word-family as πάσχω/κακοπαθέω. |
| endurance / patient perseverance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω (hypomonē / hypomenō) | sabır / dayanıklılık | High | NEW | Genuine positive resonance with Islamic sabır (a point of contact, not collision) — ground explicitly in hope of Christ’s return, not impersonal submission to decree. |
| persecution | διωγμός (diōgmos) | zulüm | Medium-High | NEW | No major lexical collision; flag real pastoral/safety weight for converts. |
| be ashamed | ἐπαισχύνομαι (epaischynomai) | utanmak | High | NEW | Honor/shame axis running through ch. 1 (of gospel, of Paul’s chains); real social cost for public identification with a suffering, imprisoned figure. |
| the word of God is not bound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | Tanrı’nın sözü zincire vurulmuş değildir | High | NEW | Doctrinal statement in its own right; retain the vivid chained-messenger/free-word contrast. |
| poured out (as a libation) | σπένδομαι (spendomai) | kanım adak şarabı gibi dökülüyor | High | NEW | Sacrificial self-offering image; distinguish explicitly from Islamic şehadet/şehitlik martyrdom theology (different content: immediate paradise entry vs. Pauline hope tied to 4:8’s crown). |
| departure (death, nautical image) | ἀνάλυσις (analysis) | göç / bu dünyadan ayrılış | Medium | NEW | ”Loosing moorings” image; death as purposeful departure, not annihilation. |
| fight / contest | ἀγών / ἀγωνίζομαι (agōn / agōnizomai) | mücadele | Low-Medium | NEW | NEVER cihad (distinct, militarized Islamic-Arabic loanword); mücadele is the correct religiously-unloaded generic term. |
| race / course | δρόμος (dromos) | yarış | Low | NEW | Athletic metaphor, paired with mücadele. |
Section 3 — Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sound / healthy teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) | sağlam öğreti | Critical | NEW | Technical Pastoral-Epistles term (1 Tim 1:10; 6:3; Titus 1:9,13; 2:1 and here 4:3). Point of comparison (not equivalence) with Islamic sahih akide/doğru itikad. Must render identically every occurrence. |
| the deposit / that which is entrusted | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | emanet | Critical | NEW | Genuine positive cultural resonance (Kutsal Emanetler); the trust is specifically the apostolic gospel-message, not a physical relic or Islamic khilafah-trusteeship theology. Theologian review mandatory. |
| pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις … ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | (sağlam sözlerin) örneği | Medium | NEW | ὑγιαίνω word-family; render “sağlam” consistently. |
| word-battles / quarreling over words | λογομαχία / λογομαχέω (logomachia / logomacheō) | sözcük kavgaları / kelime tartışmaları | Medium | NEW | Named failure-mode distinct from legitimate doctrinal disagreement. |
| rightly handle (the word of truth) | ὀρθοτομέω (orthotomeō) | gerçeğin sözünü doğru biçimde ele almak | Medium-High | NEW | Hapax; skillful accurate exposition, not rigid literalism. |
| irreverent, empty chatter | βέβηλος κενοφωνία (bebēlos kenophōnia) | saygısız, boş sözler | Medium | NEW | Reuse established boş (“empty”) vocabulary from the Colossians package (philosophy_and_empty_deceit) for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| spread like gangrene | γάγγραινα (gangraina) | kangren gibi yayılmak | Medium | NEW | Extends the letter’s medical-metaphor family (ὑγιαίνω) to its severe negative pole. |
| approved / disqualified | δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος (dokimos / adokimos) | onaylanmış-makbul / reddedilmiş-sınıfta kalmış | Medium | NEW | Metallurgical/testing image; must not read as amel-based self-achieved approval. |
| firm foundation | θεμέλιος (themelios) | temel | Low | NEW | Straightforward. |
| vessel | σκεῦος (skeuos) | kap | Low-Medium | NEW | Metaphor for persons within the household of faith; honorable/dishonorable use. |
| keep / guard | τηρέω / φυλάσσω (tēreō / phylassō) | korumak | Medium | NEW | Ties παραθήκη-guarding vocabulary together across the letter (1:12,14; 4:7). |
Section 4 — Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | Müjde | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Exact reuse; never bare İncil. |
| faithful men | πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι (pistoi anthrōpoi) | sadık/güvenilir kişiler | High | NEW | The Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others transmission chain (2:2) is this doctrine’s exegetical anchor. |
| faithful (of God/Christ) | πιστός (pistos) | sadık | High | NEW | Cf. 2:13 “he remains faithful [even when we are faithless]” — grounds Assurance of Reward in God’s own character. |
| witnesses | μάρτυς (martys) | şahit / tanık | Medium | NEW | Legal-witness sense here; later “martyr” development not yet activated in this verse. |
| evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistēs) | müjdeci | Low-Medium | NEW | Transparent coinage on Müjde; strong, low-risk consistency choice. |
| ministry / service | διακονία (diakonia) | hizmet | Low-Medium | NEW | Reuses the Galatians package’s hizmet vocabulary (paired with özgürlük, never kul). |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Kurtarıcı | Critical | NEW | Must render consistently and stay bound to the Kurtuluş family so readers connect the title to present, accomplished deliverance. |
| turned away (from Paul / from truth) | ἀποστρέφω (apostrephō) | yüz çevirmek | Medium | NEW | Links 1:15’s personal desertion and 4:4’s doctrinal apostasy as one phenomenon; keep the verb family consistent between both occurrences. |
Section 5 — Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I solemnly charge | διαμαρτύρομαι (diamartyromai) | (Tanrı’nın ve Mesih İsa’nın) önünde kesinlikle buyuruyorum | High | NEW | Courtroom-register solemn charge invoking God and Christ as witnesses; do not soften to a casual request. |
| preach / proclaim | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | duyurmak / bildirmek | High | NEW | NEVER vaaz et as primary rendering (imports mosque-Friday-sermon association). Consistent with baseline’s mission entry (Müjdeleme). Theologian review every occurrence. |
| the word | ὁ λόγος (ho logos) | Söz / Tanrı’nın sözü | Medium | NEW | Qualify to keep referent clearly the gospel message. |
| the message / proclamation | κήρυγμα (kērygma) | duyuru / bildiri | High | NEW | Noun form of κηρύσσω (4:17); render consistently with 4:2. |
| be ready, in season/out of season | ἐφίστημι; εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως | hazır ol; uygun zamanda ve uygun olmayan zamanda | Medium | NEW | Keep the deliberate paradox intact. |
| reprove | ἐλέγχω (elegchō) | azarlamak / suçunu göstermek | Medium | NEW | Forensic exposing-of-fault sense; part of a 3-term correction triad with ἐπιτιμάω and παρακαλέω. |
| rebuke | ἐπιτιμάω (epitimaō) | sert biçimde uyarmak | Medium | NEW | Distinct nuance from ἐλέγχω — authoritative censure. |
| exhort / encourage | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | Teşvik etmek | Low | [BASELINE REUSE] | Context favors “encourage/build up” sense here (closes the correction triad constructively). |
| patience (in ministry) | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | sabır | Medium | NEW | Cf. fruit-of-the-Spirit list (Galatians); genuine sabır resonance, Spirit-sourced not self-generated. |
| teaching (act of) | διδαχή (didachē) | öğretiş | Low-Medium | NEW | Distinct from διδασκαλία (content). |
| appearing / manifestation | ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) | görünme / gelişi | Critical | NEW | Spans both advents (1:10 first appearing; 4:1,8 Second Coming). Genuine point of contact with Islamic nüzûl-i Îsâ — resonance is a teaching asset; content (universal Judge, kingdom-consummator) must not be conflated with the differing Islamic end-times narrative. |
| fulfill (a ministry) completely | πληροφορέω (plērophoreō) | tam anlamıyla yerine getirmek | Medium | NEW | Retain the “completely/fully” intensifier. |
Section 6 — Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι (eschatai hēmerai) | son günler | High | NEW | Genuine point of contact with Turkish Islamic âhir zaman eschatology; resonance is an asset, content must not be conflated (no fixed cosmic-sign sequence; the specific pattern here is desire-driven doctrinal apostasy). |
| difficult/dangerous times | καιροὶ χαλεποί (kairoi chalepoi) | zorlu/tehlikeli zamanlar | Low-Medium | NEW | Intensity beyond mild “hard times.” |
| lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God | φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι | Tanrı’yı sevmek yerine zevki seven | Medium-High | NEW | Retain the comparative/rather-than structure; not a claim pleasure itself is sinful. |
| godliness / form of godliness | εὐσέβεια / μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας | Tanrı yoluna bağlılık / dinsel görünüşe sahip olup gücünü inkar etmek | Medium-High | NEW | Do not flatten to generic “dindarlık” (religiosity) alone; target is hollow observance denying transforming power, not religious observance as such. |
| always learning, never arriving at truth | πάντοτε μανθάνοντα … μηδέποτε | her zaman öğrenip gerçeğin bilgisine asla erişememek | Medium | NEW | Reuses μανθάνω (3:14) and ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (2:25) vocabulary. |
| Jannes and Jambres | Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς | Yannes ve Yambres | Low (names) / Medium (teaching note) | NEW | Rare NT citation of named extrabiblical Jewish tradition; explain so as not to read as invented detail. |
| oppose the truth | ἀνθίστημι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ | gerçeğe karşı durmak | Low | NEW | Straightforward. |
| corrupted in mind, disqualified concerning the faith | κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν, ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν | zihinleri bozulmuş, imanla ilgili sınıfta kalmış | Medium-High | NEW | Ironic reversal of the δόκιμος standard set at 2:15. |
| turn away from truth / turn aside to myths | ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπω (apostrephō / ektrepō) | yüz çevirmek / sapmak | Medium | NEW | Same apostrephō root as 1:15; connects personal desertion and doctrinal apostasy. |
| myths / fables | μῦθος (mythos) | masallar / efsaneler | High | NEW | Must be taught with precise scope (speculative genealogical/legendary material in first-century Ephesus) — NOT a blanket dismissal of other traditions’ sacred narratives. Native-speaker AND theologian review required. |
| itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν | kulakları kaşınan | Medium | NEW | No natural Turkish idiomatic equivalent; literal calque requires explicit teaching gloss. |
| their own desires/passions | ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας (idias epithymias) | kendi arzuları / kendi tutkuları | Medium | NEW | Root of doctrinal drift: desire-driven teacher-shopping, not mere intellectual error. |
| desire / passion (general) | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | arzu / tutku | Medium | NEW | Cf. 2:22’s νεωτερικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι (“youthful passions”); consistent rendering across occurrences. |
| impostors / deceivers | γόης (goēs) | sahtekârlar / düzenbazlar | Medium | NEW | Archaic “sorcerer” sense worth noting historically; operative sense here is religious fraud. |
| deceive / lead astray | πλανάω (planaō) | saptırmak / yanıltmak | Medium | NEW | Avoid Islamic-technical dalalet; use generic Turkish equivalents. |
| the resurrection has already happened [false teaching] | τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι | dirilişin çoktan gerçekleştiğini [söylemek] | High | NEW | Named false teaching (Hymenaeus, Philetus) distorting the baseline’s Diriliş doctrine via over-realized/purely spiritualized eschatology; must keep Diriliş rendering exact so the distortion is legible against the true doctrine. |
Section 7 — Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crown (of righteousness) | στέφανος (stephanos) | taç (doğruluğun tacı) | Critical | NEW | Victor’s-wreath image; must be taught as the fruit/confirmation of already-received righteousness (3:15’s İman-based Doğruluk), never a second, independently-earned merit-badge (amel/mizan caution). |
| reign together with [Christ] | συμβασιλεύω (symbasileuō) | birlikte egemenlik sürmek | Critical | NEW | Reuses kingdom vocabulary (Tanrı’nın Egemenliği); a gracious, gift-based inheritance-sharing, not a separately-negotiated reward tier — consistent with baseline’s Mirasçı (heir) “never merit-earned” convention. |
| deny [him] / he remains faithful | ἀρνέομαι; πιστὸς μένει | inkar etmek; sadık kalır | High | NEW | Stark warning-and-assurance pairing; final clause (“he cannot deny himself”) grounds assurance in God’s unchanging character, not human perseverance-strength. |
| competes… is crowned | ἀθλέω… στεφανοῦται | yarışmak… taç giydirilmek | High | NEW | Crown given for faithful, rule-following competition (“according to the rules”) — not automatic, but still a gift, not an independent achievement. |
| fought the good fight, finished the race, kept the faith | ἠγώνισμαι, τετέλεκα, τετήρηκα | mücadeleyi sürdürdüm, yarışı bitirdim, imanı korudum | High | NEW | Paul’s climactic self-testimony; past-tense completion awaiting only the reward (4:8). |
| the righteous judge | ὁ δίκαιος κριτής (ho dikaios kritēs) | adil yargıç | Medium | NEW | Consistent with κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς at 4:1. |
| the Lord will award / repay | ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi) | ödül olarak verecek | Medium | NEW | Future, fixed-day reward, following faith’s endurance, not preceding or replacing it. |
| loved his appearing | ἀγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ | O’nun gelişini/görünmesini seven herkes | High | NEW | Universalizes the crown promise (“all,” πᾶσι) beyond Paul uniquely — important corrective note for teaching. |
| rescued from every evil work, saved into the heavenly kingdom | ῥύσεταί με … σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον | her kötülükten kurtaracak… göksel egemenliğine kavuşturacak | High | NEW | Distinct from Matthew’s established Göklerin Egemenliği phrase; do not silently merge the two constructions. |
Section 8 — Christological and Core Titles (Cross-Doctrine)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish rendering | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | İsa | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Always paired with Mesih. |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Mesih | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| God | θεός (theos) | Tanrı | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Rab | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον (Pneuma Hagion) | Kutsal Ruh | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Kurtarıcı | Critical | NEW | See Section 4. |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | Diriliş | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Real bodily death/resurrection; never a no-death ascension; guards against Hymenaeus/Philetus’s over-realized distortion. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | Elçi | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | Yücelik | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| grace, mercy, peace | χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη | Lütuf, Merhamet, Esenlik | High/Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | Note the triple greeting (χάρις + ἔλεος + εἰρήνη) is distinctive to the Pastoral Epistles. |
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | İman | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Object of faith (Christ Jesus) always explicit. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | Doğruluk | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | Kurtuluş | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| eternal (life/glory) | αἰώνιος (aiōnios) | Sonsuz (yaşam/yücelik) | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Consistent with Sonsuz yaşam entry. |
| election / the elect | ἐκλεκτός (eklektos) | seçilmişler / Tanrı’nın seçimi | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never kader/kısmet. |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία (epangelia) | Vaat | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never a merit-conditioned reading. |
| good works | ἔργον ἀγαθόν (ergon agathon) | iyi işler | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Fruit, not ground, of standing before God (cf. 3:17). |
| repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | tövbe | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Grounded in Christ’s work, not independent human act. |
| Gentiles / nations | ἔθνη (ethnē) | Uluslar | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | — |
| sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | Günah | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Implied throughout the vice catalog (3:2-5). |
Section 9 — Proper Names (Transliteration Reference)
| English | Turkish | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Pavlus | throughout | Baseline convention (Galatians package). |
| Timothy | Timoteos | throughout | New to this package; standard Turkish Bible form. |
| Onesiphorus | Onisiforos | 1:16-18; 4:19 | — |
| Hymenaeus | Himeneus | 2:17 | Cf. 1 Timothy 1:20. |
| Philetus | Filetus | 2:17 | — |
| Jannes | Yannes | 3:8 | Extrabiblical tradition figure. |
| Jambres | Yambres | 3:8 | Extrabiblical tradition figure. |
| Demas | Dimas | 4:10 | — |
| Crescens | Kriskis | 4:10 | — |
| Titus | Titus | 4:10 | — |
| Luke | Luka | 4:11 | Baseline convention (Luke package). |
| Mark | Markos | 4:11 | Baseline convention (Mark package). |
| Tychicus | Tihikos | 4:12 | — |
| Carpus | Karpus | 4:13 | — |
| Alexander (the coppersmith) | Bakırcı İskender | 4:14 | — |
| Priscilla and Aquila | Priska ve Akvila | 4:19 | — |
| Erastus | Erastus | 4:20 | — |
| Trophimus | Trofimus | 4:20 | — |
| Eubulus | Evvulus | 4:21 | — |
| Pudens | Pudens | 4:21 | — |
| Linus | Linus | 4:21 | — |
| Claudia | Klavdiya | 4:21 | — |
| Antioch | Antakya | 3:11 | Baseline convention (Galatians package). |
| Iconium | İkonyum | 3:11 | Modern Konya; retain the biblical form. |
| Lystra | Listra | 3:11 | Timothy’s likely hometown (Acts 16:1). |
Cross-Curriculum Consistency Notes
- θεόπνευστος / Tanrı esinlemesi is the single highest-priority new Critical term in this curriculum. It must never be confused in translator notes or teaching material with Tanrı’nın açıklaması (the baseline’s rendering for ἀποκάλυψις/“revelation” from the Galatians package) — the two terms describe related but distinct doctrinal claims (the process by which Scripture came to be vs. Paul’s own reception of apostolic content).
- παραθήκη / emanet and ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / sağlam öğreti together form this curriculum’s core “Guarding Sound Doctrine” vocabulary pair and should be taught together: the emanet is the content; sağlam öğreti is the health-marker distinguishing faithful transmission from corruption.
- κηρύσσω / duyurmak must remain visibly distinct from vaaz etmek throughout all teaching material, consistent with the reasoning already established for Müjdeleme görevi (mission) in the baseline.
- στέφανος / taç and συμβασιλεύω / birlikte egemenlik sürmek (Assurance of Reward) must always be taught in explicit connection with Doğruluk and Kurtuluş (already received by faith) so the reward is never mistaken for a second, independently-earned righteousness.
- All occurrences of the πάσχω / πάθημα / κακοπαθέω / διωγμός / ὑπομονή word-family (Perseverance under Suffering) should be flagged together for theologian review as a single doctrinal unit, per the pattern already established for other suffering/apostasy-risk material in this Language Package (Galatians, Matthew, Mark, Luke).
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Doğruluk
Transliteration: doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (righteous deeds), adalet (justice, generic)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 3:16 (‘training in Doğruluk’) and 4:8 (‘the crown of Doğruluk’) — a right-standing quality Scripture forms and the crown later confirms, never a deeds-ledger outcome.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: cennete girmek (entering paradise, as the whole content), necat
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 2:10 and 3:15. Present, Christ-secured deliverance, never a synonym for ‘hoping to enter paradise’ at an undisclosed future judgment.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Diriliş
Transliteration: dee-ree-LEESH
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: göğe yükseliş (ascension, alone), ruhsal diriliş (spiritual-only revival)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 2:8 (Jesus ‘raised from the dead’) and 2:18 (Hymenaeus/Philetus’s false teaching that ‘the resurrection has already happened’). Must render identically in both places so the false teaching is legible as a distortion of the true, real bodily doctrine.
Lord
Approved rendering: Rab
Transliteration: RAHB
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: efendi (master, non-divine), üstat (teacher/master)
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout, including 4:1 (‘the Lord… who is to judge the living and the dead’) and 4:8 (‘the Lord, the righteous judge’).
Election
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın seçimi / seçilmişler
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn seh-chee-MEE
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: kader (fate/predestination), kısmet
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 2:10 (‘for the sake of the elect’). Never kader/kısmet; God’s sovereign, personal, relational choosing.
God
Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Christ’s Abolition of Death and the Gift of Immortality
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: Cebrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 1:14 (‘guard the good deposit through the Holy Spirit’). Third Person of the Trinity, personal and divine, never an angel.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peygamber’
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout, always paired with Mesih.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesih
Transliteration: meh-SEEH
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: sadece bir peygamber
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout, paired with İsa.
Good Works
Approved rendering: iyi işler
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (Islamic deeds-weighed-at-judgment category)
Inherited from the baseline package (Ephesians extension). Used 2 Timothy 3:17 (‘equipped for every good work’). Fruit, never ground, of standing before God.
Promise
Approved rendering: Vaat
Transliteration: vah-AHT
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: sevap-earned reward framing
Inherited from the baseline package (Galatians extension). Used 2 Timothy 1:1 (‘according to the promise of life,’ yaşam vaadi). Never a merit-conditioned reading.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: Tanrı esinlemesi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH eh-seen-leh-meh-SEE
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vahiy (Qur’an-parallel verbatim-dictation model; invites tahrif framing), ilham (Sufi generic mystical-inspiration category)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
NEW. Single highest-stakes term in this curriculum. 2 Timothy 3:16. Theologian review mandatory on every occurrence; gloss on first use per lesson.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: sağlam öğreti
Transliteration: sah-LAHM ur-reh-TEE
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:3 (and throughout the Pastorals). Must render identically at every occurrence. Structural, not content, parallel to Islamic sahih akide/doğru itikad.
The Deposit Entrusted
Approved rendering: emanet
Transliteration: eh-mah-NET
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: unqualified use risking a physical-relic (Kutsal Emanetler) or khilafah-trusteeship reading
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:12, 14. Genuine positive cultural resonance (Ottoman Kutsal Emanetler); mandatory disambiguating teaching note on first occurrence per lesson clarifying the object entrusted is the gospel message, not a relic.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Kurtarıcı
Transliteration: koor-tah-ruh-JUH
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: a title detached from the Kurtuluş word-family, implying only a future/undisclosed outcome
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:10. Must render consistently and remain bound to the Kurtuluş family.
Appearing Epiphany
Approved rendering: görünme / gelişi
Transliteration: gur-ryoon-MEH / geh-lee-SHEE
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: unglossed conflation with nüzûl-i Îsâ’s specific Mahdi/Deccal end-times narrative
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:10 (first appearing); 4:1, 8 (future appearing). Genuine point of contact with, and necessary differentiation from, Turkish Islamic nüzûl-i Îsâ eschatology. Theologian review mandatory every occurrence.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: doğruluğun tacı
Transliteration: doh-roo-loo-OON tah-JUH
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: a second, independently-earned merit-badge reading (amel/mizan default frame)
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Reward
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:8. Must be taught as fruit/confirmation of righteousness already received by faith (3:15), never a second, independently-earned merit-badge.
Reign Together With Christ
Approved rendering: birlikte egemenlik sürmek
Transliteration: beer-leek-TEH eh-geh-men-LEEK syoor-MEK
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: συμβασιλεύσομεν
Category: Reward
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:12. Bind explicitly to the baseline’s Mirasçı (heir, ‘never merit-earned’) convention.
Abolished Death
Approved rendering: ölümü ortadan kaldırmak
Transliteration: ur-lyoo-MOO ohr-tah-DAHN kahl-duhr-MAHK
Doctrine: Christ’s Abolition of Death and the Gift of Immortality
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον
Category: Christology
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:10. Must retain decisive, accomplished defeat, not merely a future hope.
Immortality Incorruption
Approved rendering: ölümsüzlük / çürümezlik
Transliteration: ur-lyoom-syooz-LOOK
Doctrine: Christ’s Abolition of Death and the Gift of Immortality
Rejected alternatives: a disembodied soul-immortality-only reading detached from bodily Diriliş
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Christology
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:10. Must retain the bodily-resurrection hope already established under Diriliş.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjde
Transliteration: MYUZH-deh
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: İncil (bare, unqualified), iyi haber (generic)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel Transmission
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 1:8, 10; 2:8. Never bare İncil; keep as living proclamation entrusted to Timothy for further transmission (2:2).
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: rahmet, keramet, bağış
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the Pastoral Epistles’ distinctive triple greeting (1:2, ‘Lütuf, Merhamet, Esenlik’) and 2:1 (‘be strengthened in the grace’).
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: inanç (generic belief)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 1:5 (Timothy’s own sincere faith) and 3:15 (‘Mesih İsa’ya iman’, wisdom for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus) — object of faith always explicit.
Holy
Approved rendering: Kutsal
Transliteration: koot-SAHL
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: temiz (ritually clean), mübarek (blessed)
Inherited from Romans package. Root adjective underlying Kutsal Yazılar, Kutsal Ruh, Kutsallaşma throughout this letter.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Kutsallaşma
Transliteration: koot-sahl-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Personal Holiness and Ministerial Purity
Rejected alternatives: arınma (ritual purification)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 2:21 (the sanctified vessel, useful to the master) — Spirit’s ongoing work, not self-achieved purity or ritual ablution.
Glory
Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: nur (Sufi Nur Muhammad light-vocabulary)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2:10 (‘eternal glory,’ sonsuz yücelik) and 4:18 (closing doxology).
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAH
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: hata (mistake/error), kusur (flaw/defect)
Inherited from Romans package. Implied throughout the last-days vice catalog (3:2-6).
Repentance
Approved rendering: tövbe
Transliteration: turv-BEH
Doctrine: Restoring Opponents with Gentleness
Inherited from the baseline package (Matthew extension). Used 2 Timothy 2:25 (‘that God may perhaps grant them repentance’). Affirm the positive Islamic tövbe resonance while grounding Christian repentance in Christ’s atoning work, not an independent human act.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Sonsuz yaşam / Sonsuz yücelik
Transliteration: son-SOOZ yah-SHAHM
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Inherited from the baseline package (Galatians extension). Used 2 Timothy 2:10 (‘with eternal glory,’ sonsuz yücelik) — a gift-harvest, never a deeds-scale reward.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın gücü
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn goo-JOO
Doctrine: Empowerment by the Spirit for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın kudreti (paired with fatalistic qadar framing)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 1:7 (‘a spirit of power, love, and self-control’). Güç, never kudret.
Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yazılar
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yah-zuh-LAHR
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:15. The OT scriptures Timothy has known from infancy. Must be taught, not merely translated, alongside explicit textual-reliability material; directly engages the Islamic tahrif (corruption) polemic.
Scripture All
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yazıların tümü / her Kutsal Yazı
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yah-zuh-lah-RUHN tyoo-MYOO
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: a narrowed/partial reading of ‘Kutsal Yazı’
Original: πᾶσα γραφή
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:16. The totalizing scope (‘tümü,’ ‘her’) must never be quietly narrowed, parallel to other universal-claim disciplines already established in this Language Package.
Complete Equipped
Approved rendering: eksiksiz / donatılmış
Transliteration: ek-seek-SEEZ / doh-nah-tuhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: a weakened ‘somewhat helpful’ reading
Original: ἄρτιος / ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:17. Names the sufficiency-outcome of Scripture; must not be weakened.
Suffer General
Approved rendering: acı çekmek
Transliteration: ah-JUH chek-MEK
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πάσχω
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:12. Root verb of the letter’s suffering word-family; keep visibly related to πάθημα/κακοπαθέω across the whole letter.
Endure Hardship
Approved rendering: zorluklara göğüs germek / sıkıntıya dayanmak
Transliteration: zor-look-lah-RAH gur-YOOS ger-MEK
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:9; 4:5. Real, live pastoral weight given social/familial/legal apostasy-risk for Turkish believers.
Suffering Noun
Approved rendering: acılar / sıkıntılar
Transliteration: ah-juh-LAHR
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πάθημα
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:11. Keep visibly related to πάσχω/κακοπαθέω.
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: sabır / dayanıklılık
Transliteration: sah-BUHR / dah-yah-nuhk-luh-LUHK
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: unqualified sabır without Christ-hope grounding (risks impersonal qadar-submission reading)
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:10; 3:10. Genuine positive resonance with Islamic sabır; ground explicitly in 2:11-12’s union with Christ and resurrection hope every occurrence.
Persecution
Approved rendering: zulüm
Transliteration: zoo-LOOM
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμός
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:11-12. No lexical collision; real, live pastoral/safety weight for converts.
Be Ashamed
Approved rendering: utanmak
Transliteration: oo-tahn-MAHK
Doctrine: Honor and Shame in Gospel Ministry
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:8, 12, 16; 2:15. Honor/shame axis; real social cost for public identification with a suffering, imprisoned figure and a minority faith commitment.
Word Of God Not Bound
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın sözü zincire vurulmuş değildir
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn sur-ZOO zeen-jee-REH voo-rool-MOOSH deh-eel-DEER
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:9. Retain the vivid chained-messenger/free-word contrast.
Poured Out Libation
Approved rendering: kanım adak şarabı gibi dökülüyor
Transliteration: kah-NUHM ah-DAHK shah-rah-BUH gee-BEE dur-kyoo-lyoo-YOR
Doctrine: Paul’s Sacrificial Example and Approaching Death
Rejected alternatives: şehadet/şehitlik framing (Islamic martyrdom theology, different mechanism)
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:6. Distinguish explicitly from Islamic martyrdom theology (immediate paradise entry via death in battle); Paul’s image is voluntary sacrificial self-offering tied to 4:8’s crown.
Rightly Handle Word
Approved rendering: gerçeğin sözünü doğru biçimde ele almak
Transliteration: gher-cheh-EEN sur-zyoo-NYOO doh-ROO bee-cheem-DEH
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:15, hapax legomenon. Skillful, accurate exposition, not rigid literalism.
Faithful Men
Approved rendering: sadık/güvenilir kişiler
Transliteration: sah-DUHK / gyoo-veh-nee-LEER kee-shee-LEHR
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: isnad/sanad-style authentication-chain framing
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:2. Doctrinal anchor of the transmission chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others); keep as personal discipleship-formation, not hadith-style authentication.
Faithful God
Approved rendering: sadık
Transliteration: sah-DUHK
Doctrine: Divine Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: πιστὸς μένει
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:13 (‘he remains faithful’). Grounds Assurance of Reward in God’s unchanging character, not human perseverance-strength.
Solemn Charge
Approved rendering: (Tanrı’nın ve Mesih İsa’nın) önünde kesinlikle buyuruyorum
Transliteration: ur-nyoon-DEH keh-seen-leek-LEH boo-yoo-roo-YOH-room
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: a casual ‘I ask you’ or ‘I encourage you’
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:1. Formal, courtroom-register solemn charge invoking God and Christ as witnesses; must not be softened.
Preach Proclaim
Approved rendering: duyurmak / bildirmek
Transliteration: doo-yoor-MAHK / beel-deer-MEK
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: vaaz etmek (imports Friday-mosque-sermon/cami vaazı association), ilan etmek (underplays herald’s royal-commission nuance)
Original: κήρυξον
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Consistent with baseline’s Müjdeleme görevi reasoning. Theologian review every occurrence.
The Message Kerygma
Approved rendering: duyuru / bildiri
Transliteration: doo-yoo-ROO / beel-dee-REE
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:17. Noun form of κηρύσσω; render consistently with 4:2’s preach_proclaim.
Last Days
Approved rendering: son günler
Transliteration: sohn gyoon-LEHR
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: unqualified conflation with âhir zaman’s fixed cosmic-sign/named-figure sequence
Original: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:1. Genuine point of contact with Turkish Islamic âhir zaman eschatology; content (desire-driven doctrinal apostasy) must not be conflated.
Lovers Of Pleasure
Approved rendering: Tanrı’yı sevmek yerine zevki seven
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-YUH sev-MEK yeh-ree-NEH zev-KEE seh-VEHN
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:4. Retain the comparative/rather-than structure; not a claim pleasure itself is sinful.
Godliness Form Of
Approved rendering: Tanrı yoluna bağlılık / dinsel bir görünüşe sahip olup gücünü inkar etmek
Transliteration: tahn-RUH yoh-loo-NAH bah-luh-LUHK
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘dindarlık’ (flattens to generic religiosity critique)
Original: μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας … δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:5. Target is hollow observance denying transforming power, not religious observance as such.
Myths Fables
Approved rendering: masallar / efsaneler
Transliteration: mah-sahl-LAHR / ef-sah-neh-LEHR
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: an unqualified rendering read as blanket dismissal of other traditions’ sacred narratives
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:4. Must be taught with Paul’s precise, narrow target explicitly stated. Native-speaker AND theologian review both required.
False Resurrection Teaching
Approved rendering: dirilişin çoktan gerçekleştiğini söylemek
Transliteration: dee-ree-lee-SHEEN chohk-TAHN gher-chek-lesh-tee-EE-nee sur-leh-MEK
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:18. Diriliş rendering must stay exact so the false teaching is legible as a distortion of the true doctrine.
Deny Christ
Approved rendering: inkar etmek
Transliteration: een-KAHR et-MEK
Doctrine: Divine Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ἀρνησόμεθα / ἀρνήσεται
Category: Reward
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:12-13. Retain the precise conditional structure; the final clause (‘he cannot deny himself’) grounds assurance in God’s unchanging character.
Rescue Deliver
Approved rendering: kurtarmak
Transliteration: koor-tahr-MAHK
Doctrine: Divine Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Reward
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:11; 4:17-18. Connects to the Kurtuluş family; render with visible continuity across both occurrences.
Spirit Of Power Love Selfcontrol
Approved rendering: güç, sevgi ve sağduyu ruhu
Transliteration: GYOOCH, sev-GEE veh sah-doo-YOO roo-HOO
Doctrine: Empowerment by the Spirit for Ministry
Original: πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ
Category: Empowerment
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:7. Güç must follow power_of_god convention, never kudret.
Medium Risk Terms
Mercy
Approved rendering: Merhamet
Transliteration: mer-hah-MET
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: rahmet
Inherited from Romans package (Galatians extension). Used 2 Timothy 1:2, part of the Pastorals’ unique tripled greeting (grace + mercy + peace, unlike Paul’s other letters).
Peace
Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: huzur, barış
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 1:2 greeting.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Elçi
Transliteration: el-CHEE
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: resul / peygamber (prophet-messenger)
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 1:1, 11 (Paul’s threefold office: herald, apostle, teacher).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Davut’un soyundan
Transliteration: dah-voo-TOON soy-oon-DAHN
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 2:8 (‘descended from David’).
David
Approved rendering: Davut
Transliteration: dah-VOOT
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Inherited from Romans package. Background proper name for seed_of_david (2:8).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Uluslar
Transliteration: oo-loos-LAHR
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: kafirler
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 4:17 (‘so that all the Gentiles might hear it’); universal scope retained unqualified.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Ruhsal armağanlar
Transliteration: rooh-SAHL ahr-mah-AHN-lahr
Doctrine: Empowerment by the Spirit for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: keramet (Sufi saint’s miraculous gift)
Inherited from Romans package. Precedent for 1:6’s singular, personal χάρισμα (see gift_of_god_ministry, this file).
Heir
Approved rendering: Mirasçı
Transliteration: mee-rahs-CHUH
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: a merit-earned-inheritance reading
Inherited from the baseline package (Galatians extension). Cited as the teaching precedent for rendering 2:12’s ‘reign together with him’ (see reign_together_with_christ) as gracious, gift-based inheritance-sharing, never merit-earned.
Mission
Approved rendering: Müjdeleme görevi
Transliteration: myooj-deh-leh-MEH gur-eh-VEE
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: misyonerlik (conspiratorial connotations)
Inherited from Romans package. Cited as the reasoning precedent for rejecting vaaz etmek/ilan etmek and choosing duyurmak/bildirmek for κηρύσσω (4:2, 17).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Egemenliği
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn eh-geh-men-lee-EE
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın devleti
Inherited from Romans package. Base pattern underlying this letter’s ‘Mesih’in egemenliği’ (4:1) and ‘göksel egemenliği’ (4:18) constructions — see kingdom_of_christ and heavenly_kingdom, this file.
Kingdom Of Christ
Approved rendering: Mesih’in egemenliği
Transliteration: meh-SEE-heen eh-geh-men-lee-EE
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:1 (‘by his appearing and his kingdom’). Possessive refers specifically to Christ, not a generic ‘kingdom of God’ formula; retains the baseline’s caution against a political/state (devlet) reading.
Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: göksel egemenliği / göklerdeki egemenliği
Transliteration: gurk-SEL eh-geh-men-lee-EE
Doctrine: Divine Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Rejected alternatives: silent merging with Matthew’s established ‘Göklerin Egemenliği’
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:18 (‘will save me into his heavenly kingdom’). A distinct Pauline construction; must not be silently merged with Matthew’s own distinctive phrase Göklerin Egemenliği.
Make Wise For Salvation
Approved rendering: bilge kılmak / kurtuluşa götürecek bilgeliğe kavuşturmak
Transliteration: beel-GEH kuhl-MAHK
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: bare hikmet (Sufi/philosophical-wisdom loading)
Original: σοφίσαι
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:15. Keep wisdom tied concretely to Kurtuluş, not an independent philosophical category.
Teaching Content
Approved rendering: öğreti
Transliteration: ur-reh-TEE
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:16; noun underlying ‘sağlam öğreti’ (4:3). Keep consistent across all occurrences.
Reproof
Approved rendering: azarlama / suçu ortaya çıkarma
Transliteration: ah-zahr-lah-MAH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐλεγμός
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:16. Retain the forensic ‘exposing-as-true’ sense, not merely generic criticism.
Training In Righteousness
Approved rendering: eğitim
Transliteration: eh-ee-TEEM
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: bare terbiye (authoritarian/punitive colloquial overtone)
Original: παιδεία
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:16. Pair explicitly with Doğruluk.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı adamı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH ah-dah-MUH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:17. OT prophetic-office title generalized to any Scripture-formed minister/believer; functionally gender-generic per Turkish’s ungendered pronoun.
Departure Death
Approved rendering: göç / bu dünyadan ayrılış
Transliteration: gurch / boo dyoon-yah-DAHN ie-ruh-LUSH
Doctrine: Paul’s Sacrificial Example and Approaching Death
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:6, nautical ‘loosing moorings’ image. Death as purposeful departure, not annihilation.
Fight Contest
Approved rendering: mücadele
Transliteration: myoo-jah-deh-LEH
Doctrine: Paul’s Sacrificial Example and Approaching Death
Rejected alternatives: cihad (militarized Islamic-Arabic loanword)
Original: ἀγών / ἀγωνίζομαι
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:7. Cihad is a forbidden substitution — never use for this or any ἀγών-family occurrence.
Pattern Of Sound Words
Approved rendering: sağlam sözlerin örneği
Transliteration: sah-LAHM surz-leh-REEN ur-neh-EE
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:13. Render ‘sağlam’ consistently with the sound-doctrine term-family.
Word Battles
Approved rendering: sözcük kavgaları / kelime tartışmaları
Transliteration: surz-JOOK kahv-gah-lah-RUH
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχία / λογομαχέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:14. Names a specific failure mode; not all doctrinal disagreement is condemned, only disputation for its own sake.
Empty Chatter
Approved rendering: saygısız, boş sözler
Transliteration: sigh-guh-SUHZ, bohsh surz-LEHR
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:16. Reuses the established ‘boş’ (empty) vocabulary from the Colossians package’s philosophy_and_empty_deceit entry for cross-curriculum consistency.
Spread Like Gangrene
Approved rendering: kangren gibi yayılmak
Transliteration: kahn-GREN gee-BEE yah-yuhl-MAHK
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:17. Extends the letter’s ὑγιαίνω (health) metaphor family to its severe negative pole; keep the clinical image.
Approved Disqualified
Approved rendering: onaylanmış-makbul / reddedilmiş-sınıfta kalmış
Transliteration: oh-nie-lahn-MUSH mahk-BOOL
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:15; 3:8 (ironic reversal). Must not read as amel-based self-achieved approval; context (2:1’s grace) keeps approval Spirit-enabled.
Keep Guard
Approved rendering: korumak
Transliteration: koh-roo-MAHK
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: τηρέω / φυλάσσω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:12, 14; 4:7. Ties the emanet-guarding vocabulary together across the letter.
Witness
Approved rendering: şahit / tanık
Transliteration: shah-HEET / tah-NUHK
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:2. Legal-witness sense; ‘martyr’ development not yet activated here.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: müjdeci
Transliteration: myooj-deh-JEE
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:5. Transparent coinage on Müjde; strong, low-risk consistency choice.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: hizmet
Transliteration: heez-MET
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kul/kulluk (positive Islamic servant-of-God self-designation)
Original: διακονία
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:5. Reuses the Galatians package’s established hizmet vocabulary, deliberately paired with özgürlük and never with kul/kulluk.
Turn Away
Approved rendering: yüz çevirmek
Transliteration: yooz cheh-veer-MEK
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέφω
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:15; 4:4. Same verb root links personal desertion of Paul and doctrinal apostasy; keep the family lexically consistent between both.
The Word Message
Approved rendering: Söz / Tanrı’nın sözü
Transliteration: SURZ / tahn-RUH-nuhn sur-ZOO
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: τὸν λόγον
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Qualify to keep the referent clearly the gospel message.
In Season Out Of Season
Approved rendering: uygun zamanda ve uygun olmayan zamanda
Transliteration: oy-GOON zah-mahn-DAH
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Keep the deliberate paradox intact.
Reprove
Approved rendering: azarlamak / suçunu göstermek
Transliteration: ah-zahr-lah-MAHK
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἔλεγξον
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Forensic exposing-of-fault sense; keep distinct from rebuke in the correction triad.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: sert biçimde uyarmak
Transliteration: SEHRT bee-cheem-DEH oo-yahr-MAHK
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπιτίμησον
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Authoritative censure, distinct nuance from reprove.
Patience In Ministry
Approved rendering: sabır
Transliteration: sah-BUHR
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Genuine sabır resonance; Spirit-given, not self-generated stoicism.
Teaching Act
Approved rendering: öğretiş
Transliteration: ur-reh-TEESH
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διδαχή
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:2. Act/process of instructing, distinct from öğreti (content taught).
Fulfill Completely
Approved rendering: tam anlamıyla yerine getirmek
Transliteration: TAHM ahn-lah-muh-LUH yeh-ree-NEH geh-teer-MEK
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: πληροφόρησον
Category: Preaching
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:5. Retain the ‘completely, fully’ intensifier.
Difficult Times
Approved rendering: zorlu/tehlikeli zamanlar
Transliteration: zor-LOO teh-lee-keh-LEE zah-mahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: καιροὶ χαλεποί
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:1. χαλεπός carries intensity beyond mild ‘hard times.‘
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: kulakları kaşınan
Transliteration: koo-lahk-lah-RUH kah-shuh-NAHN
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:3. No natural Turkish idiomatic equivalent; literal calque requires an explanatory gloss.
Own Desires Passions
Approved rendering: kendi arzuları / kendi tutkuları
Transliteration: ken-DEE ahr-zoo-lah-RUH
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:3. Names doctrinal drift as desire-driven, not merely intellectual error.
Desire General
Approved rendering: arzu / tutku
Transliteration: ahr-ZOO / toot-KOO
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:22; 4:3. Keep rendering consistent across both occurrences.
Impostors Deceivers
Approved rendering: sahtekârlar / düzenbazlar
Transliteration: sah-teh-kyahr-LAHR
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόητες
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:13. Archaic ‘sorcerer’ sense worth noting historically; operative sense is religious fraud.
Deceive Lead Astray
Approved rendering: saptırmak / yanıltmak
Transliteration: sahp-tuhr-MAHK / yah-nuhlt-MAHK
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: dalalet (Qur’anic technical term for departure from the straight path)
Original: πλανάω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:13. Avoid the Islamic-technical dalalet; use generic Turkish equivalents.
The Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: adil yargıç
Transliteration: ah-DEEL yahr-GUHCH
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Reward
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:8. Consistent with 4:1’s ‘judge the living and the dead.‘
Award The Crown
Approved rendering: ödül olarak verecek
Transliteration: ur-DYOOL oh-lah-RAHK veh-reh-JEK
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀποδώσει
Category: Reward
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:8. Future reward following, not preceding or replacing, faith’s endurance.
Self Control Soundmind
Approved rendering: sağduyu / kendine hakim olma
Transliteration: sah-doo-YOO
Doctrine: Empowerment by the Spirit for Ministry
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Empowerment
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:7, only NT occurrence. Disciplined inner governance, not generic calmness.
Gift Of God Ministry
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın armağanı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn ahr-mah-ah-NUH
Doctrine: Empowerment by the Spirit for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: keramet (Sufi saint’s miraculous endowment)
Original: τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Empowerment
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:6. Singular, personal ministry-gift; keep armağan, never keramet.
Faithful Saying Formula
Approved rendering: Bu söz güvenilirdir
Transliteration: boo SURZ gyoo-veh-nee-leer-DEER
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:11. Recurring Pastoral-Epistles formula introducing an authoritative creedal quotation.
Knowledge Of The Truth
Approved rendering: gerçeğin bilgisi
Transliteration: gher-cheh-EEN beel-gee-SEE
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Apostasy
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:25; 3:7. Keep consistent across both occurrences.
Antioch
Approved rendering: Antakya
Transliteration: ahn-TAHK-yah
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Inherited from the baseline package (Galatians extension). Used 2 Timothy 3:11.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: Teşvik etmek
Transliteration: tesh-VEEK et-MEK
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 4:2, closing the elegchō/epitimaō/parakaleō correction triad on a constructive note — context favors ‘encourage/build up.‘
Amen
Approved rendering: Amin
Transliteration: ah-MEEN
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Used 2 Timothy 4:18, closing doxology.
Profitable Scripture
Approved rendering: yararlı
Transliteration: yah-rahr-LUH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:16. Standard vocabulary; no false-friend risk.
Correction Restoration
Approved rendering: düzeltme
Transliteration: dyoo-zelt-MEH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture
NEW. 2 Timothy 3:16, hapax legomenon. Restorative, not merely punitive.
Race Course
Approved rendering: yarış
Transliteration: yah-RUSH
Doctrine: Paul’s Sacrificial Example and Approaching Death
Original: δρόμος
Category: Suffering
NEW. 2 Timothy 4:7. Athletic-race metaphor, paired with mücadele.
Firm Foundation
Approved rendering: temel
Transliteration: teh-MEL
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:19. Straightforward, no collision risk.
Vessel
Approved rendering: kap
Transliteration: KAHP
Doctrine: Personal Holiness and Ministerial Purity
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:20-21. Metaphor for persons within the household of faith.
Rekindle The Gift
Approved rendering: canlandırmak / alevlendirmek
Transliteration: jahn-lahn-duhr-MAHK
Doctrine: Empowerment by the Spirit for Ministry
Original: ἀναζωπυρεῖν
Category: Empowerment
NEW. 2 Timothy 1:6. Vivid rekindling-a-fire-from-embers metaphor.
Sound Mind Gentleness
Approved rendering: yumuşak huyluluk
Transliteration: yoo-moo-SHAHK hooy-loo-LOOK
Doctrine: Restoring Opponents with Gentleness
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Ministry
NEW. 2 Timothy 2:25. Meekness as a posture in doctrinal correction; must read as patient correction, not passive tolerance of error.
Timothy
Approved rendering: Timoteos
Transliteration: tee-moh-TEH-os
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
NEW proper name. Letter’s addressee, throughout. Standard Turkish Bible form.
Onesiphorus
Approved rendering: Onisiforos
Transliteration: oh-nee-see-FOH-ros
Doctrine: Honor and Shame in Gospel Ministry
NEW proper name. 1:16-18; 4:19. Positive counter-example to those who turned away.
Hymenaeus Philetus
Approved rendering: Himeneus ve Filetus
Transliteration: hee-meh-NEH-oos veh fee-LEH-toos
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
NEW proper names. 2:17. Named false teachers propagating the false_resurrection_teaching.
Jannes Jambres
Approved rendering: Yannes ve Yambres
Transliteration: YAHN-nes veh YAHM-bres
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
NEW proper names. 3:8. Rare NT citation of named extrabiblical Jewish tradition (Pharaoh’s magicians); teaching note required so this is not mistaken for invented detail.
Demas
Approved rendering: Dimas
Transliteration: dee-MAHS
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
NEW proper name. 4:10. Negative desertion example, ‘having loved this present age’ — contrasts with 4:8’s ἐπιφάνεια-loving faithful.
Crescens
Approved rendering: Kriskis
Transliteration: krees-KEES
NEW proper name. 4:10.
Tychicus
Approved rendering: Tihikos
Transliteration: tee-hee-KOS
NEW proper name. 4:12.
Carpus
Approved rendering: Karpus
Transliteration: kahr-POOS
NEW proper name. 4:13.
Alexander Coppersmith
Approved rendering: Bakırcı İskender
Transliteration: bah-kuhr-JUH ees-ken-DEHR
NEW proper name. 4:14. ‘Did me great harm.‘
Priscilla Aquila
Approved rendering: Priska ve Akvila
Transliteration: PREES-kah veh ahk-VEE-lah
NEW proper names. 4:19.
Erastus
Approved rendering: Erastus
Transliteration: eh-RAHS-toos
NEW proper name. 4:20.
Trophimus
Approved rendering: Trofimus
Transliteration: troh-FEE-moos
NEW proper name. 4:20.
Eubulus Pudens Linus Claudia
Approved rendering: Evvulus, Pudens, Linus, Klavdiya
Transliteration: ev-VOO-loos, POO-dens, LEE-noos, klahv-dee-YAH
NEW proper names. 4:21, closing greeting.
Iconium
Approved rendering: İkonyum
Transliteration: ee-kon-YOOM
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
NEW proper name. 3:11. Modern Konya; retain the biblical form.
Lystra
Approved rendering: Listra
Transliteration: LEES-trah
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
NEW proper name. 3:11. Timothy’s likely hometown (Acts 16:1).
Mark Proper Name
Approved rendering: Markos
Transliteration: MAHR-kos
Inherited from the baseline package (Mark extension). Used 2 Timothy 4:11.
Luke Proper Name
Approved rendering: Luka
Transliteration: LOO-kah
Inherited from the baseline package (Luke extension). Used 2 Timothy 4:11.
Referenced passages