Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Jude

Curriculum: Jude Destination language: Turkish Scope: Every load-bearing theological term in Jude 1:1–25 (the entire book). Terms already established in the baseline Romans/Galatians/Ephesians/Philippians/Colossians/Matthew/Mark/Luke/John translation memory are marked [TM REUSE] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there. Terms newly required for Jude are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for addition to translation memory, with risk tier assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as doctrine_risk_registry.json.

Glossary Table

#	English Term	Greek Original	Transliteration	Turkish Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	TM Status	Key Note
1	Servant (self-designation)	δοῦλος	doulos	kulu (e.g., “İsa Mesih’in kulu”)	Critical	Contending for the Faith / Apostleship-adjacent	NEW — see caution	Positive epistolary self-designation, NOT the negative bondage sense. Distinct from the Galatians `slavery` TM entry (köle/kölelik), which governs the OPPOSITE, negative bondage-vs-freedom usage of the same Greek word-family. Recommend a new, narrowly scoped TM entry so the two are never confused. Mandatory theologian sign-off.
2	Brother	ἀδελφός	adelphos	kardeş	Low	—	NEW	Standard kinship term; Jude identifies himself as brother of James.
3	Beloved	ἠγαπημένοις / ἀγαπητοί	ēgapēmenois / agapētoi	sevilmiş / sevgili	Low-Medium	—	NEW	Recurring address term (vv.1, 3, 17, 20); keep consistent across occurrences.
4	Kept / Keep (guard, preserve, reserve)	τηρέω / τετηρημένοις / τετήρηκεν / τετήρηται / τηρήσατε	tēreō (various forms)	korumak / gözetmek (fixed root across all occurrences)	Critical	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	NEW	The letter’s central lexical thread: occurs at v.1 (believers kept for Christ), v.6 (angels kept in chains), v.13 (judgment reserved), v.21 (believers commanded to keep themselves), and echoed by the near-synonym φυλάσσω at v.24 (God able to keep believers from stumbling). Turkish MUST preserve this five-fold echo with one consistent root. Mandatory theologian review of the full chain together, not verse-by-verse in isolation.
5	Called	κλητοῖς	klētois	Çağrılmış	Medium	Divine Calling (Romans baseline)	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly.
6	Mercy	ἔλεος / ἐλεέω	eleos / eleeō	Merhamet	High	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	[TM REUSE] (Galatians package)	Distinct from Lütuf (grace); ordinary compassion-mercy vocabulary, central to the vv.22-23 pivot.
7	Peace	εἰρήνη	eirēnē	Esenlik	Medium	—	[TM REUSE]	Reuse exactly from Romans baseline.
8	Love	ἀγάπη	agapē	Sevgi	Low-Medium	—	NEW (but consistent with existing pipeline usage)	Used generically (v.2, v.21 “love of God”) and technically (v.12, “love feasts” — see #9).
9	Love feast(s)	ἀγάπαις	agapais	sevgi ziyafetleri / sevgi sofraları	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Technical term for the early church’s communal fellowship meal; must be clarified as a concrete practice, not abstract love.
10	Salvation	σωτηρία	sōtēria	Kurtuluş	Critical	Contending for the Faith	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly; here specifically “our common (κοινῆς) salvation.”
11	Faith (the deposit of doctrine)	πίστις	pistis	İman	High	Contending for the Faith Once Delivered	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly. Note dual sense in Jude: subjective trust AND objective body of doctrine (“the faith”); teach both explicitly.
12	The faith once for all delivered	ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ…πίστει	hapax paradotheisē…pistei	kutsallara bir kez ve sonsuza dek teslim edilen iman	Critical	Contending for the Faith Once Delivered	NEW	Directly engages the naskh/abrogation risk already flagged in the Galatians `false_gospel` entry. Must never be rendered so as to suggest a superseded or provisional stage of revelation. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
13	Contend (for the faith)	ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι	epagōnizesthai	var gücünüzle uğrunda mücadele etmek	High	Contending for the Faith Once Delivered	NEW	Athletic/combat metaphor; risk of unintended resonance with cihad/jihad-adjacent “mücadele” vocabulary. Must be taught explicitly as intellectual/doctrinal defense, not physical struggle — parallel caution to the Matthew package’s `not_peace_but_a_sword`.
14	Holy ones / Saints	ἅγιοι	hagioi	Kutsallar	High	—	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly.
15	Ungodly / ungodliness	ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια	asebeis / asebeia	tanrısızlar / tanrısızlık	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Jude’s defining epithet for the false teachers (vv.4, 8, 10, 15 [×2], 16, 18, 19 implied). Risk: modern Turkish readers may hear “tanrısız” as simple atheism rather than practical godlessness from within the professing community. Requires explicit clarification in teaching notes on first occurrence.
16	Grace	χάρις	charis	Lütuf	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly; here grace is being abused into license, the inverse error from a works-righteousness misuse.
17	Sensuality / licentiousness	ἀσέλγεια	aselgeia	sınırsız şehvet / ahlaksızlık	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Handle pastorally; do not sensationalize.
18	Only Master and Lord (of Christ)	μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον	monon despotēn kai kyrion	tek Efendimiz ve Rabbimiz	Critical	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Lordship of Christ	NEW	δεσπότης must never be rendered with bare “efendi” (already flagged as inappropriate for κύριος in the Romans baseline, since it reads as a human master). The qualifier “tek” (only/sole) plus mandatory pairing with Rab preserves the exclusive-sovereignty force. Direct extension of the baseline `lordship_of_christ` doctrine; mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
19	Lord	κύριος	kyrios	Rab	Critical	Lordship of Christ	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly.
20	People (Israel/Exodus generation)	λαός	laos	halk	Low	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	General term; specific referent (Exodus generation) supplied by context.
21	Those who did not believe	μὴ πιστεύσαντας	mē pisteusantas	iman etmeyenler	High	Old Testament Warnings as Types / Universal Human Accountability	NEW	Must be distinguished from the “wavering” group of vv.22-23; this describes settled, hardened unbelief after a prior deliverance. Connects to the Romans baseline’s `universal_human_accountability` High-risk caution regarding Islamic fitrah anthropology.
22	Angels	ἄγγελος	angelos	melekler	Low-Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Point of contact with Islamic angelology (malāʾika); avoid implying doctrinal equivalence regarding fallen angels specifically.
23	Domain / position (angels’)	ἀρχή	archē	konum / yetki	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Angels’ proper rank/sphere, abandoned through rebellion.
24	Eternal chains	δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις	desmois aidiois	sonsuz zincirler	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Judicial-custodial imagery.
25	Judgment	κρίσις	krisis	yargı	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	General judgment vocabulary, consistent with prior pipeline usage (e.g., Matthew’s `least_of_these`).
26	Eternal fire	πῦρ αἰώνιον	pyr aiōnion	sonsuz ateş	High	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Aligned lexically with established αἰώνιος-family renderings (cf. Sonsuz yaşam).
27	Strange/different flesh	σαρκὸς ἑτέρας	sarkos heteras	kendilerine yasak olan bedenlerin ardına düşmek	High	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Exegetically contested referent; record interpretive alternatives, do not resolve in the translated text — consistent with the baseline’s discipline for `allegory`/`israel_of_god`.
28	Flesh (literal/physical sense)	σάρξ	sarx	beden / ten	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW — do not confuse with `flesh` TM entry	CRITICAL DISTINCTION: the Galatians package’s established Benlik rendering for σάρξ is the ETHICAL sense (self-reliant fallen nature). Jude 1:7, 1:8, and 1:23 all use σάρξ in its LITERAL, physical/bodily sense (sexual sin, bodily defilement). Using Benlik here would wrongly import the ethical-nature doctrine into a concrete-bodily context. Always render as beden/ten in these three verses.
29	Dreaming (false visionary claims)	ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι	enypniazomenoi	düş görerek	Low-Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Self-generated fantasy contrasted with genuine revelation.
30	Dominion / authority (abstract)	κυριότητα	kyriotēta	yetki / egemenlik	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Must be kept lexically distinct from Rab (κύριος); an abstract quality of rulership, not the divine title.
31	Reject / set aside (nullify)	ἀθετοῦσιν	athetousin	hor görmek / reddetmek	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Same verb-root flagged in the Galatians package’s `nullify_the_grace_of_god` entry; note the intertextual echo.
32	Glorious ones (angelic beings)	δόξας	doxas	yüce varlıklar	High	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW — do not confuse with `glory` TM entry	CRITICAL DISTINCTION: plural, referring to created glorious/majestic beings (angels), NOT God’s own glory (singular Yücelik, already Critical in the baseline). Conflating the two produces a category error.
33	Archangel	ἀρχάγγελος	archangelos	başmelek	Low-Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Point of contact: Michael/Mikail also named in Qur’an 2:98; note without conflating traditions.
34	The Devil	διάβολος	diabolos	İblis	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Established Turkish Bible convention; shared vocabulary with Qur’anic İblis (2:34) — genuine point of contact, not theological equivalence.
35	Blaspheme / slander	βλασφημέω / βλασφημία	blasphēmeō / blasphēmia	küfretmek / kötülemek	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Distinct referent from the Matthew package’s `blasphemy_against_the_spirit` (that concerns the Holy Spirit specifically; here it concerns slander of angelic beings and, by extension, legitimate authority).
36	Irrational creatures	ἄλογα ζῷα	aloga zōa	akılsız hayvanlar	Low	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Contemptuous comparison; self-corruption through unchecked instinct.
37	Woe	οὐαί	ouai	Vay…haline!	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	[TM REUSE pattern] (Matthew `woes_against_pharisees` convention)	Lower historical-sensitivity concern than Matthew 23 (target is false teachers, not an ethnic/religious people-group), but still a weighty judicial pronouncement.
38	Way of Cain	ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν	hodō tou Kain	Kayin’in yolu	Low-Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Proper name, established Turkish Bible (Genesis) form: Kayin.
39	Error of Balaam (for hire)	πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ μισθοῦ	planē tou Balaam misthou	Balam’ın kazanç için sapması	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Proper name Balam; mercenary false-prophecy motif; genuine cultural resonance re: paid religious teachers, handle without blanket condemnation of clergy compensation.
40	Rebellion of Korah	ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε	antilogia tou Korē	Korah’ın başkaldırısı	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Proper name Korah; rebellion against divinely appointed authority, parallel to #30-31’s authority theme.
41	Fruitless trees	δένδρα ἄκαρπα	dendra akarpa	meyvesiz ağaçlar	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Deliberate contrast with the established `fruit_of_the_spirit` (Ruh’un meyvesi) doctrine — these produce nothing.
42	Hidden reefs / blemishes	σπιλάδες (var. σπίλοι)	spilades (var. spiloi)	gizli kayalıklar	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Textual variant; document transparently (see semantic analysis §4).
43	Wandering stars	ἀστέρες πλανῆται	asteres planētai	yolunu şaşırmış yıldızlar	Low-Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Ancient astral imagery tied to angelic/spiritual powers background.
44	Prophecy / prophesied	προφητεύω	prophēteuō	Peygamberlik sözü / peygamberlik etti	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types (Enoch citation)	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly.
45	Enoch	Ἑνώχ	Henōch	Hanok	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Use the established Turkish Bible Genesis-tradition form (Hanok), not a bare transliteration of the Greek.
46	[Canonical/textual note] Citation of 1 Enoch	(Jude 1:14-15 quotes 1 Enoch 1:9)	—	—	Critical	Inspiration/Reliability of Scripture (cross-reference to Romans baseline doctrine)	NEW — mandatory theologian framing	Single highest-priority canonical note in this package. See semantic analysis §4, item 2. Must NOT be silently passed over given live tahrif polemics.
47	Holy myriads (angelic host)	ἁγίαις μυριάσιν	hagiais myriasin	kutsal meleklerinin on binleri	Medium	Old Testament Warnings as Types	NEW	Eschatological judgment-scene imagery.
48	Sinners, ungodly	ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς	hamartōloi asebeis	günahkâr tanrısızlar	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Pairs #15 with general sin-vocabulary (reuse Günah-family term consistent with Romans baseline `sin` entry).
49	Grumblers, malcontents	γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι	gongystai, mempsimoiroi	söylenip duran, şikâyetçi kimseler	Low-Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Echoes the Exodus-generation grumbling motif of item #21.
50	Desires / lusts	ἐπιθυμίας	epithymias	arzular / tutkular	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW (consistent with Galatians `flesh_versus_spirit` vocabulary)	Keep consistent with existing pipeline usage for ἐπιθυμία.
51	Flattery / partiality	θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα	thaumazontes prosōpa	çıkar için yağcılık etmek	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Idiom (“admiring faces”) requires natural Turkish equivalent, not literal rendering.
52	Apostles	ἀπόστολοι	apostoloi	Elçiler	Medium	Contending for the Faith Once Delivered	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly.
53	Last time(s)	ἐσχάτου χρόνου	eschatou chronou	son zamanlarda	Low-Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Point of contact with Islamic âhir zaman eschatological vocabulary; note without conflating.
54	Scoffers / mockers	ἐμπαῖκται	empaiktai	alaycılar	Low-Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	—
55	Those who cause divisions	ἀποδιορίζοντες	apodiorizontes	bölünmelere yol açanlar	Medium	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	—
56	Worldly / without the Spirit	ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες	psychikoi, pneuma mē echontes	benlik düşkünü, Kutsal Ruh’a sahip olmayan	High	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	NEW	Must not be read as denying these people have a soul; the diagnosis concerns absence of the Spirit’s presence, not human ontology/worth. Pairs with #57.
57	Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον	pneuma hagion	Kutsal Ruh	Critical	—	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Romans baseline exactly.
58	Most holy faith	ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει	hagiōtatē pistei	en kutsal iman	High	Contending for the Faith Once Delivered	[TM REUSE combination] (Kutsal + İman)	Deliberate lexical echo back to v.3’s πίστις; preserve the tie in teaching material.
59	Build up / edify	ἐποικοδομοῦντες	epoikodomountes	kendinizi geliştirmek / inşa etmek	Low-Medium	—	NEW (consistent with Romans baseline `mutual_edification`)	—
60	Keep yourselves (imperative)	τηρήσατε	tērēsate	kendinizi…koruyun	Critical	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	NEW	Fourth (of five) link in the τηρέω chain (#4); the only occurrence where the imperative addresses the readers’ own responsibility, held together (not in tension) with God’s sovereign keeping.
61	Love of God	ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ	agapē theou	Tanrı’nın sevgisi	Medium	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	NEW	The sphere within which believers keep themselves.
62	Eternal life	ζωὴν αἰώνιον	zōēn aiōnion	Sonsuz yaşam	High	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Galatians-package rendering exactly.
63	Those wavering / doubting	διακρινομένους	diakrinomenous	kararsız / kuşku içinde olanlar	High	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	NEW	Must be distinguished from the hardened unbelief of #21 and the false teachers of #15 — these are people still reachable, to be shown active mercy.
64	Snatching (from the fire)	ἁρπάζοντες	harpazontes	ateşten kapıp çıkarmak	Medium	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	NEW	Vivid, urgent rescue imagery.
65	Stained garment	ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα	espilōmenon chitōna	bedenden kirlenmiş giysi	Medium	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	NEW	σάρξ again literal/physical — see #28 caution.
66	[Textual note] Two- vs. three-group structure	(Jude 1:22-23 manuscript variation)	—	—	Medium	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	NEW — mandatory transparent documentation	Does not affect core doctrine; document per the pipeline’s established textual-note discipline.
67	Able to keep from stumbling	δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι…ἀπταίστους	dynamenō phylaxai…aptaistous	sizi sürçmekten koruyabilecek olan	High	Kept by God / Doxology	NEW	Fifth link in the keeping-chain (φυλάσσω as near-synonym of τηρέω); must use the same korumak root established at #4.
68	Present blameless before his glory	στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης…ἀμώμους	stēsai katenōpion tēs doxēs…amōmous	kendi yüce huzurunda kusursuz olarak durdurmak	Critical	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	NEW	Sacrificial-cultic ἄμωμος term; must be taught as a status GIVEN by God’s power, never self-achieved — direct parallel to the Ephesians package’s `good_works`/amel-mizan caution. Reuses Yücelik for δόξα.
69	Exultant joy	ἀγαλλιάσει	agalliasei	büyük coşkuyla / sevinçle	Low-Medium	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	NEW	—
70	Only God our Savior	μόνῳ θεῷ σωτῆρι	monō theō sōtēri	bir tek Tanrımız ve Kurtarıcımız	Critical	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	NEW	σωτήρ directly related to established Kurtuluş; render as Kurtarıcı. Genuine point of contact with tawhid (“the ONLY God”) provided the mediating “through Jesus Christ our Lord” clause is never dropped.
71	Through Jesus Christ our Lord	διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν	dia Iēsou Christou tou kyriou hēmōn	Rabbimiz İsa Mesih aracılığıyla	Critical	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	[TM REUSE for İsa/Mesih/Rab]	Reuse İsa, Mesih, Rab exactly per TM; confirm aracılığıyla (“through, by means of”) is not confused with the established Aracı/Aracılık (mediator/intercession) TM terms.
72	Glory, majesty, dominion, authority	δόξα μεγαλωσύνη κράτος ἐξουσία	doxa megalōsynē kratos exousia	yücelik, büyüklük, kudret ve yetki	Medium	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	NEW	κράτος rendered kudret here in its traditional doxological slot; flagged for native-speaker confirmation that this specific liturgical use (addressed to the personal, saving God) does not import the Romans baseline’s qadar/fatalism caution against kudret for δύναμις θεοῦ.
73	Forever / unto all the ages	εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας	eis pantas tous aiōnas	bütün çağlar boyunca sonsuza dek	Low-Medium	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	NEW (consistent with αἰώνιος-family renderings)	—
74	Amen	ἀμήν	amēn	Amin	Low	—	[TM REUSE]	Reuse Galatians-package rendering exactly.

Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Translation Memory Update

The following NEW terms are proposed as Critical-risk additions requiring mandatory theologian sign-off before Phase 2 processing begins, given their doctrinal weight and collision potential:

Servant self-designation (δοῦλος, v.1) — resolve the apparent tension with the existing slavery TM entry (see glossary #1).
The faith once for all delivered (v.3) — naskh/abrogation collision risk (see glossary #12).
Only Master and Lord (v.4) — δεσπότης Christological title (see glossary #18).
The τηρέω/φυλάσσω keeping-chain (vv.1, 6, 13, 21, 24) — must be resolved and confirmed as a single cross-verse translation decision, not five independent verse-level choices (see glossary #4, #60, #67).
1 Enoch citation (vv.14-15) — canonical/textual framing, mandatory theologian-authored material (see glossary #46).
Presented blameless (v.24) — amel-mizan collision risk parallel to the Ephesians good_works caution (see glossary #68).
Only God our Savior…through Jesus Christ our Lord (v.25) — tawhid point-of-contact requiring the mediating clause never be dropped (see glossary #70-71).

All other NEW terms above default to Medium-risk native-speaker review unless individually marked High or Critical in the table.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: Allah (theologically usable but politically/socially contested for Christian texts in some contexts)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Used throughout Jude (v.1 ‘God the Father’; v.21 ‘the love of God’; v.25 ‘the only God our Savior’). See only_god_our_savior for the doxological climax use.

Jesus

Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: The Exclusive Lordship and Mastery of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peygamber’ (Prophet Jesus, without Mesih)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude always pairs İsa with Mesih (İsa Mesih), consistent with the baseline rule; occurs at vv.1, 4, 17, 21, 25.

Messiah

Approved rendering: Mesih
Transliteration: meh-SEEH
Doctrine: The Exclusive Lordship and Mastery of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sadece bir peygamber (merely a prophet)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Always paired with İsa in Jude; part of the double title ‘tek Efendimiz ve Rabbimiz İsa Mesih’ (v.4) and the doxology’s ‘Rabbimiz İsa Mesih aracılığıyla’ (v.25).

Lord

Approved rendering: Rab
Transliteration: RAHB
Doctrine: The Exclusive Lordship and Mastery of Christ
Rejected alternatives: efendi (master, non-divine), üstat (teacher/master)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Occurs at Jude 1:4 (of Christ, paired with δεσπότης — see only_master_and_lord), 1:17, 1:21, and 1:25, plus the OT-echoing Zechariah 3:2 citation at 1:9 (‘Seni Rab azarlasın,’ of God). Every occurrence in Jude reinforces, never dilutes, the exclusive divine title.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: Praying in the Holy Spirit and Building Up in the Faith
Rejected alternatives: Cebrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:19 diagnoses the false teachers as ‘πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες’ (lacking the Holy Spirit entirely); Jude 1:20 commands believers to pray ‘ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.’ Never equate with Cebrail; the false teachers’ condition is the absence of the third Person of the Trinity, not merely weak angelic assistance.

Father

Approved rendering: Baba
Transliteration: bah-BAH
Doctrine: Apostolic Servant Identity and Calling
Rejected alternatives: Yaratıcı (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:1: believers are ‘ἐν θεῷ πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις’ (loved by/in God the Father). Note that Jude, unlike Romans 8:15 or Mark 14:36, does not pair this with the Aramaic Abba; render simply as Baba with no Abba transliteration required here.

Salvation

Approved rendering: Kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: cennete girmek (entering paradise, as the whole content), necat (Ottoman/Arabic register)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:3: ‘τῆς κοινῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας’ (our common salvation) grounds the urgency of the letter’s appeal.

Blasphemy Against The Spirit

Approved rendering: Ruh’a karşı söylenen küfür
Transliteration: ROOH-ah kahr-SHUH sur-leh-nehn kyoo-FYOOR
Doctrine: Angelic Authority and Restraint in Contending with Evil

Inherited from Matthew package unchanged. Cited only to confirm NO overlap: Jude’s own blasphemy/slander vocabulary (vv.8-10, βλασφημέω/βλασφημία — see blaspheme_slander) concerns slander of angelic beings and legitimate authority, a distinct referent from this Matthew 12:31-32 doctrine concerning the Holy Spirit specifically. Keep the two doctrines lexically and conceptually distinguishable in teaching material.

Servant Self Designation

Approved rendering: kulu
Transliteration: koo-LOO
Doctrine: Apostolic Servant Identity and Calling
Rejected alternatives: köle (the Galatians package’s negative-bondage rendering — WRONG for this positive, opposite-valence use)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Apostleship

NEW. Jude 1:1: ‘Ἰούδας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος’ — a positive, humble epistolary self-designation (cf. Romans 1:1, Philippians 1:1, James 1:1, 2 Peter 1:1), matching the standard Kitabı Mukaddes convention ‘İsa Mesih’in kulu’ and the devout Turkish-Islamic ‘Allah’ın kulu’ register. Deliberate, narrowly-scoped EXCEPTION to the slavery entry’s ‘never kul’ rule, which governs only the negative bondage-vs-freedom antithesis of Galatians 4-5. Mandatory theologian sign-off; do not let an automated consistency-checker flag this as a TM violation.

Kept By God

Approved rendering: korumak / gözetmek
Transliteration: koh-roo-MAHK / gur-zet-MEK
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: kader / kısmet (qadar-style fatalistic destiny), muhafaza etmek (accurate but Ottoman/bureaucratic register, clashing with the letter’s pastoral warmth)
Original: τηρέω (τετηρημένοις v.1, τετήρηκεν v.6, τετήρηται v.13) / φυλάσσω (φυλάξαι v.24)
Category: Preservation

NEW — CRITICAL, LETTER-WIDE LEXICAL CHAIN. τηρέω/φυλάσσω recur at Jude 1:1 (believers kept for Christ, positive), 1:6 (rebellious angels kept in chains for judgment, negative), 1:13 (judgment itself reserved, negative), 1:21 (believers commanded to keep themselves — see keep_yourselves), and 1:24 (God alone able to keep believers from stumbling — see able_to_keep_from_stumbling). ONE consistent Turkish root (korumak, with gözetmek permitted only as an intentional stylistic variant within the same pass, never unmotivated alternation) MUST be used across all five occurrences so the deliberate structural echo survives. Mandatory theologian review of the full five-verse chain together, never verse-by-verse in isolation.

Faith Once Delivered

Approved rendering: kutsallara bir kez ve sonsuza dek teslim edilen iman
Transliteration: koot-sahl-lah-RAH beer KEHZ veh son-soo-ZAH DEHK tes-LEEM eh-dee-LEHN ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: bir önceki aşama / eski ama geçerli bir iman (an earlier-but-valid stage, naskh-adjacent), a bare ‘bir kez’ without the ‘ve sonsuza dek’ finality clause
Original: ἡ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσα…πίστις
Category: Faith

NEW. The single highest-risk phrase in the letter. Jude 1:3: ‘τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει.’ Directly engages the naskh (abrogation) frame already flagged in the Galatians package’s false_gospel entry, where dominant Turkish Islamic theology teaches successive, corrective revelation culminating in the Qur’an. NEVER render so as to suggest an early, since-superseded stage; the deposit is complete and final. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.

Only Master And Lord

Approved rendering: tek Efendimiz ve Rabbimiz
Transliteration: tek eh-fen-dee-MEEZ veh rahb-bee-MEEZ
Doctrine: The Exclusive Lordship and Mastery of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Efendimiz’ without ‘tek’ (loses exclusivity), efendi alone (demoted human-master register)
Original: τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν
Category: Christology

NEW. Jude 1:4: ‘τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν [Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν].’ δεσπότης must NEVER render as bare ‘efendi’ (already rejected in the Romans baseline for κύριος on identical grounds). The qualifier ‘tek’ (only/sole) plus mandatory pairing with the established Rab together preserve the exclusive-sovereignty force. One of the letter’s strongest single-verse deity affirmations. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.

Enoch Citation Canonical Note

Approved rendering: (metin/kanon notu; ayrı bir çeviri gerektirmez — bkz. çevirmen notu)
Doctrine: Inspired Citation of Extrabiblical Tradition (Canon and Reliability of Scripture)
Rejected alternatives: silent, unaddressed citation with no accompanying framing
Original: (Jude 1:14-15 quotes 1 Enoch 1:9)
Category: Textual Criticism / Canon

NEW. Jude 1:14-15 directly quotes 1 Enoch 1:9, a Second Temple Jewish apocalyptic writing outside the Protestant, Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox biblical canon (canonical only in the Ethiopian/Eritrean Orthodox tradition). THE SINGLE HIGHEST-PRIORITY CANONICAL NOTE IN THIS LANGUAGE PACKAGE. Given live Islamic tahrif (textual-corruption) polemics already flagged under the Romans baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture doctrine, an unexplained citation risks being seized upon as confirming that polemic. Mandatory theologian-authored teaching material: an inspired author may affirm a true statement from a non-inspired source without certifying that source’s entire content as Scripture. Must never be silently passed over.

Keep Yourselves

Approved rendering: kendinizi…koruyun
Transliteration: ken-dee-nee-ZEE koh-roo-YOON
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: a rendering using a different verb root than the kept_by_god chain, breaking the letter-wide echo
Original: τηρήσατε
Category: Preservation

NEW — fourth link in the kept_by_god chain. Jude 1:21: ‘ἑαυτοὺς…τηρήσατε.’ The ONLY occurrence in the letter where the τηρέω imperative addresses the readers’ own responsibility, held together (not in tension) with God’s sovereign keeping (v.1, v.24). MUST use the same korumak/gözetmek root established for the rest of the chain. Mandatory theologian review to confirm the full echo survives.

Presented Blameless

Approved rendering: kendi yüce huzurunda kusursuz olarak durdurmak
Transliteration: ken-DEE yoo-JEH hoo-zoo-roon-DAH koo-soor-SOOZ oh-lah-RAHK door-door-MAHK
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: a rendering implying blamelessness is achieved by accumulated good deeds (amel-mizan framing)
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους
Category: Preservation

NEW. Jude 1:24: ‘στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει.’ Sacrificial-cultic ἄμωμος term. Must be taught explicitly as a status GIVEN by God’s preserving power, never a status the believer achieves — direct parallel to the Ephesians package’s good_works/amel-mizan caution. Reuses the inherited glory (Yücelik) entry exactly. Mandatory theologian review.

Only God Our Savior

Approved rendering: bir tek Tanrımız ve Kurtarıcımız
Transliteration: beer tek tahn-ruh-MUHZ veh koor-tah-ruh-juh-MUHZ
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: a rendering that presents this as generic monotheistic common ground detachable from the following mediating clause
Original: μόνῳ θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν
Category: God

NEW. Jude 1:25: ‘μόνῳ θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν.’ σωτήρ directly related to the inherited salvation (Kurtuluş) entry; render Kurtarıcı. The ‘only/one’ qualifier is a genuine point of contact with tawhid and may be leveraged pastorally, PROVIDED through_jesus_christ_our_lord is never dropped or minimized in the same breath. Mandatory theologian review.

Through Jesus Christ Our Lord

Approved rendering: Rabbimiz İsa Mesih aracılığıyla
Transliteration: rahb-bee-MEEZ ee-SAH meh-SEEH ah-rah-juh-luh-YLAH
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: splitting this clause into a separate sentence or subordinate footnote, detaching it from only_god_our_savior
Original: διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Christology

NEW. Jude 1:25: ‘διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν.’ Reuses the inherited jesus, messiah, and lord entries exactly. ‘Aracılığıyla’ (‘through, by means of’) is a simple instrumental connective and must NOT be confused with the inherited mediator (Aracı/Aracılık) technical term. Must appear in the SAME sentence unit as only_god_our_savior, never separated — the clause that keeps the doxology distinctly Christian rather than generically monotheistic. Mandatory theologian review.

High Risk Terms

Called

Approved rendering: Çağrılmış
Transliteration: chah-ruhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Apostolic Servant Identity and Calling
Rejected alternatives: davet edilmiş (invited)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:1: the letter’s addressees are ‘κλητοῖς’ (the called). Must not be softened to davet edilmiş, which would suggest a merely optional invitation.

Holy

Approved rendering: Kutsal
Transliteration: koot-SAHL
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: temiz (ritually clean), mübarek (blessed)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Building block for Kutsal Ruh, Kutsallar, and the superlative ‘en kutsal iman’ (v.20, ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει — see most_holy_faith).

Saints

Approved rendering: Kutsallar
Transliteration: koot-sahl-LAHR
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: evliyalar (Sufi-tradition holy/saintly figures), azizler (venerated holy figures)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:3: the faith was delivered ‘τοῖς ἁγίοις’ (to the saints) — the whole believing community, not an ascetic elite.

Grace

Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: rahmet, keramet, bağış
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:4: the false teachers pervert ‘τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριν’ into license (ἀσέλγεια). This is the inverse misuse from a works-righteousness error, but the same grace/merit distinction underlies both; teach both directions of misuse.

Mercy

Approved rendering: Merhamet
Transliteration: mer-hah-MET
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: rahmet used in a grace-contrast context
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεέω
Category: Mercy and Rescue

Inherited from Galatians package (Merhamet). Risk deliberately ELEVATED from Galatians’ baseline Medium to High for Jude, because vv.22-23 make differentiated mercy the letter’s central pastoral pivot — a distinction lost if ‘merhamet’ is read as generic, undifferentiated compassion covering the hardened unbelievers of v.5 or the false teachers of vv.4-19. Also appears in the greeting-triad, v.2, and of Christ’s own future mercy awaited, v.21.

Faith

Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: inanç (generic belief)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude uses πίστις in BOTH the subjective-trust sense and, more heavily than most NT occurrences, the objective ‘body of transmitted doctrine’ sense (vv.3, 20). Teach both senses explicitly.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: Sonsuz yaşam
Transliteration: son-SOOZ yah-SHAHM
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: a deeds-scale (mizan) reward framing
Original: ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Preservation

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Jude 1:21: believers await ‘εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον’ through Christ’s mercy — the outcome of being kept in God’s love, not a separately earned reward.

Glory

Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: nur (divine light, heavily loaded in Islamic and Sufi mysticism)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Used for God’s OWN singular glory at v.24 (‘κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ’) and in the doxological list at v.25 (‘δόξα…’). CRITICAL DISTINCTION: never use for v.8’s plural ‘δόξας’ (created glorious/angelic beings) — see glorious_ones. Conflating the two produces a serious category error.

Sin

Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAH
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: hata (mistake/error), kusur (flaw/defect)

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Building block for ‘günahkâr tanrısızlar’ (sinners who are also ungodly, v.15 — see sinners_ungodly).

Flesh

Approved rendering: Benlik / Ruh
Transliteration: ben-LEEK / ROOH
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: beden (physical body, would imply body-negation)

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged (the ETHICAL sense: self-reliant fallen nature, contrasted with the Spirit). CRITICAL: Jude 1:7, 1:8, and 1:23 all use σάρξ in its LITERAL, physical/bodily sense (sexual sin, bodily defilement) and must be rendered with the separate NEW term flesh_literal (beden/ten), NEVER with this entry’s Benlik. Using Benlik in those three verses would wrongly import the ethical-nature doctrine into a concrete-bodily context.

Fruit Of The Spirit

Approved rendering: Ruh’un meyvesi
Transliteration: ROO-hoon mey-veh-SEE
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: sevap (merit-points earned by pious deeds)

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Cited here only for CONTRAST: Jude 1:12’s ‘fruitless trees’ (δένδρα ἄκαρπα — see fruitless_trees) is a deliberate inversion of this established doctrine; note the contrast explicitly in teaching material rather than treating fruitless_trees as an unrelated new image.

Nullify The Grace Of God

Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın lütfunu geçersiz saymak
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn loot-foo-NOO gech-er-SEEZ sie-MAHK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Cited for its shared verb-root (ἀθετέω) with Jude 1:8’s ‘κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν’ (rejecting authority — see reject_nullify). The direct object differs (grace there, authority here) but the intertextual echo should be noted in teaching material.

Slavery

Approved rendering: Kölelik
Transliteration: kur-leh-LEEK
Doctrine: Apostolic Servant Identity and Calling
Rejected alternatives: kul/kulluk (the positive Islamic servant-of-God self-designation)

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. CRITICAL CROSS-REFERENCE: this entry governs the NEGATIVE bondage-vs-freedom sense of the δοῦλος/δουλεία word family (Galatians 4-5). Jude 1:1 uses the SAME Greek root (δοῦλος) in the OPPOSITE, positive, epistolary self-designation sense — see servant_self_designation (kulu). Never apply Kölelik to Jude 1:1; the two entries govern deliberately different, non-contradictory uses of one Greek word-family.

Contend For The Faith

Approved rendering: uğrunda var gücüyle mücadele etmek
Transliteration: oo-roon-DAH vahr goo-JOOY-leh myoo-jah-deh-LEH et-MEK
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: cihad etmek (direct Islamic religious-struggle loanword), savaşmak alone (too martial, without the defensive ‘uğrunda’ framing)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith

NEW. Jude 1:3: ‘ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι’ — an athletic/combat metaphor for exerting full effort to defend a possession under attack. Turkish ‘mücadele etmek’ shares register with, but is not identical to, cihad-adjacent struggle vocabulary. Mandatory teaching-note disambiguation on first use per lesson: this is intellectual/doctrinal defense of a received deposit, not physical or coercive combat — parallel caution to the Matthew package’s not_peace_but_a_sword entry.

Ungodly

Approved rendering: tanrısızlar / tanrısızlık
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-suhz-LAHR / tahn-ruh-suhz-LUHK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: kâfir (the Islamic theological-legal category for a non-Muslim/unbeliever), dinsiz (irreligious, secular-register, still too outward-focused)
Original: ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude’s defining, repeated epithet for the false teachers (vv.4, 8, 10, 15 [x2], 16, 18) — practical godlessness while claiming church membership, NOT outward atheism. Risk: modern Turkish readers may default-hear ‘tanrısız’ as simple secular atheism (explicit denial of God’s existence). NEVER kâfir, which would import an entirely different Islamic legal-theological outsider-category. Mandatory first-occurrence teaching gloss per lesson clarifying these are professing insiders.

Those Who Did Not Believe

Approved rendering: iman etmeyenler
Transliteration: ee-mahn et-meh-yen-LEHR
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: τοὺς μὴ πιστεύσαντας
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:5: ‘τοὺς μὴ πιστεύσαντας’ — the rescued Exodus generation who, after deliverance, persisted in settled, hardened unbelief and were destroyed. Must be sharply distinguished from the wavering-but-reachable group of vv.22-23 (see those_wavering). Connects to the Romans baseline’s universal_human_accountability caution regarding Islamic fitrah anthropology’s resistance to inherited/retroactive culpability.

Eternal Fire

Approved rendering: sonsuz ateş
Transliteration: son-SOOZ ah-TESH
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:7: ‘πυρὸς αἰωνίου’ — the unending judicial fire exemplified by Sodom and Gomorrah, still functioning as a public warning-exhibit. Aligned lexically with established αἰώνιος-family renderings (cf. Sonsuz yaşam); ensure the reader perceives the deliberate contrast between this outcome and the believer’s Sonsuz yaşam.

Strange Flesh

Approved rendering: kendilerine yasak olan bedenlerin ardına düşmek
Transliteration: ken-dee-leh-ree-NEH yah-SAHK oh-LAHN beh-den-leh-REEN ahr-duh-NAH doosh-MEK
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: a rendering that definitively resolves the disputed referent one way or the other
Original: σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:7: ‘σαρκὸς ἑτέρας’ — an exegetically disputed phrase (same-sex relations; a boundary-violation echoing v.6’s angels; unnatural desire generally). Record interpretive alternatives; do NOT resolve the dispute in the translated text itself, consistent with the israel_of_god/allegory discipline. Mandatory theologian review; teaching material should note both readings without adjudicating in the base text.

Flesh Literal

Approved rendering: beden / ten
Transliteration: beh-DEN / TEN
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: Benlik (the Galatians package’s ETHICAL-sense rendering of σάρξ — WRONG for these three literal occurrences)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin

NEW — CRITICAL DISTINCTION from the inherited flesh (Benlik) entry. σάρξ at Jude 1:7, 1:8, and 1:23 is used in its LITERAL, physical/bodily sense (sexual defilement, bodily corruption, a garment stained by contact with sinful flesh). Always render beden/ten in these three verses; using Benlik would wrongly import the self-reliant-fallen-nature doctrine into a concrete-bodily context.

Dominion Authority Abstract

Approved rendering: yetki / egemenlik
Transliteration: yet-KEE / eh-geh-men-LEEK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: Rab (the divine title κύριος — must be kept lexically distinct)
Original: κυριότητα
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:8: ‘κυριότητα’ — an abstract quality of rulership/dominion, distinct from κύριος as a title. Render with yetki/egemenlik, never Rab, so this abstract-authority sense is not confused with the Christological title already Critical in the baseline.

Reject Nullify

Approved rendering: hor görmek / reddetmek
Transliteration: HOR gur-MEK / red-det-MEK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀθετοῦσιν
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:8: ‘κυριότητα…ἀθετοῦσιν’ — the false teachers’ contemptuous rejection of legitimate authority. Same verb-root (ἀθετέω) flagged in the Galatians package’s nullify_the_grace_of_god entry; note the intertextual echo for teaching consistency, though the direct object differs (authority here, grace there).

Glorious Ones

Approved rendering: yüce varlıklar
Transliteration: yoo-JEH vahr-luhk-LAHR
Doctrine: Angelic Authority and Restraint in Contending with Evil
Rejected alternatives: Yücelik (God’s own singular glory attribute — WRONG referent here)
Original: δόξας
Category: Angelology

NEW — CRITICAL DISTINCTION from the inherited glory (Yücelik) entry. Jude 1:8: ‘δόξας…βλασφημοῦσιν’ — plural, referring to created glorious/majestic (likely angelic) beings, NOT God’s own glory. Conflating the two produces a serious category error, implying the false teachers slander God’s glory directly rather than exceeding their bounds regarding angelic beings — and would collapse Jude’s escalating rhetorical logic (v.8 angels → v.9 the Devil → implicit ultimate blasphemy of God).

Blaspheme Slander

Approved rendering: küfretmek / kötülemek
Transliteration: kyoof-ret-MEK / kur-too-leh-MEK
Doctrine: Angelic Authority and Restraint in Contending with Evil
Original: βλασφημέω / βλασφημία
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:8-10: ‘βλασφημοῦσιν’ — reckless slander of glorious beings and, by extension, what the false teachers do not understand. Distinct referent from the inherited blasphemy_against_the_spirit entry (which concerns the Holy Spirit specifically); keep the two doctrines lexically distinguishable in teaching material.

Sinners Ungodly

Approved rendering: günahkâr tanrısızlar
Transliteration: goo-nah-KYAHR tahn-ruh-suhz-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:15: ‘ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς’ — a double intensifier. Pairs the inherited sin (Günah) entry with the ungodly entry; the letter’s climactic judicial description.

Worldly Without Spirit

Approved rendering: benlik düşkünü, doğal insan / Kutsal Ruh’a sahip olmayan
Transliteration: ben-LEEK doosh-kyoo-NOO, doh-AHL een-SAHN
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: Sanctification

NEW. Jude 1:19: ‘ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες’ — a climactic pneumatological diagnosis. Must NOT be misread as denying these people have a soul; the point is the absence of the Spirit’s transforming presence, not a claim about human ontology or worth. Pair explicitly with ‘Kutsal Ruh’a sahip olmayan’ for clarity.

Most Holy Faith

Approved rendering: en kutsal iman
Transliteration: ehn koot-SAHL ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Praying in the Holy Spirit and Building Up in the Faith
Original: τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ…πίστει
Category: Faith

NEW combination of the inherited holy (Kutsal) and faith (İman) entries. Jude 1:20: ‘τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει.’ Deliberate lexical echo back to v.3’s faith_once_delivered; preserve the tie explicitly in teaching material — this is the direct positive counterpart to the false teachers’ condition (worldly_without_spirit, v.19).

Those Wavering

Approved rendering: kararsız / kuşku içinde olanlar
Transliteration: kah-rahr-SUHZ / koosh-KOO ee-cheen-DEH oh-lahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινομένους
Category: Mercy and Rescue

NEW. Jude 1:22: ‘οὕς…διακρινομένους’ — those genuinely doubting or wavering, distinct from the hardened false teachers, to receive active mercy. Must be clearly distinguished in teaching material from the settled, hardened unbelief of v.5 (those_who_did_not_believe) and the deliberate false teaching of vv.4-19 — these are people still reachable, to be actively rescued, not apostates already judged.

Able To Keep From Stumbling

Approved rendering: sizi sürçmekten koruyabilecek olan
Transliteration: see-ZEE syoorch-mek-TEN koh-roo-yah-bee-leh-JEK oh-LAHN
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τῷ δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι ὑμᾶς ἀπταίστους
Category: Preservation

NEW — fifth and climactic link in the kept_by_god chain, using the near-synonym φυλάσσω rather than τηρέω. Jude 1:24: ‘Τῷ δὲ δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι ὑμᾶς ἀπταίστους.’ MUST use the same korumak root established throughout the chain — the theological motif, not the specific Greek lexeme, is what must survive consistently in Turkish.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: The Epistolary Greeting: Mercy, Peace, and Love
Rejected alternatives: huzur (inner calm), barış (political/interpersonal peace)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Part of Jude’s distinctive three-part greeting (mercy, peace, love), v.2.

Apostles

Approved rendering: Elçiler
Transliteration: el-chee-LEHR
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: resul / peygamber (prophet-messenger)
Original: ἀπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship

Inherited from Romans package (Elçi, pluralized as Elçiler). Jude 1:17: readers are told to remember ‘τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν προειρημένων ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων’ — the apostles’ prior, already-given prediction, reinforcing v.3’s once-for-all deposit.

Mediator

Approved rendering: Aracı
Transliteration: ah-rah-JUH
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: şefaat (reserved for the Islamic Muhammad-intercession doctrine)

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Cited only to confirm NO overlap: Jude 1:25’s connective ‘διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ’ (through Jesus Christ) is rendered ‘aracılığıyla,’ a simple instrumental connective — see through_jesus_christ_our_lord — and must not be confused with this technical mediator/intercession term.

Israel Of God

Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın İsraili
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn ees-rah-ee-LEE
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Cited as PRECEDENT: this entry’s discipline of rendering an exegetically contested referent literally and recording interpretive alternatives without resolving them in the base text is the model applied to Jude’s strange_flesh (v.7) and wavering_textual_note (vv.22-23).

Allegory

Approved rendering: Bunlar bir benzetmedir
Transliteration: ben-zet-meh-DEER
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Cited as PRECEDENT alongside israel_of_god for handling exegetically contested passages without premature interpretive closure in the base translated text.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: Peygamberlik sözü
Transliteration: pay-gahm-behr-LEEK soh-ZOO
Doctrine: Inspired Citation of Extrabiblical Tradition (Canon and Reliability of Scripture)
Rejected alternatives: kehanet (fortune-telling/divination)
Original: προεφήτευσεν
Category: Old Testament Types

Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Jude 1:14: ‘Προεφήτευσεν δὲ καὶ τούτοις…Ἑνώχ’ — Enoch’s prophetic pronouncement, cited by Jude. See enoch_citation_canonical_note for the mandatory canonical-framing requirement attached to this specific citation.

Beloved

Approved rendering: sevgili / sevilmiş
Transliteration: sev-gee-LEE / seh-veel-MEESH
Doctrine: Apostolic Servant Identity and Calling
Original: ἀγαπητοί / ἠγαπημένοις
Category: Church

NEW. Recurring address/description term (vv.1, 3, 17, 20). Keep consistent across all four occurrences so readers perceive it as a deliberate structural marker dividing the letter’s warning and exhortation sections.

Love Feasts

Approved rendering: sevgi ziyafetleri
Transliteration: sev-GEE zee-yah-fet-leh-REE
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀγάπαις
Category: Church

NEW. Jude 1:12: ‘ἐν ταῖς ἀγάπαις ὑμῶν’ — the early church’s communal fellowship meal, into which the false teachers had infiltrated. Must be clarified in teaching material as a concrete communal meal practice, not an abstract reference to love.

Sensuality

Approved rendering: sınırsız şehvet / ahlaksızlık
Transliteration: suh-nuhr-SUHZ sheh-VET / ahh-lahk-suhz-LUHK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:4: ‘ἀσέλγεια’ — unrestrained moral looseness, the specific fruit of perverting grace into license. Handle pastorally; do not sensationalize.

Angels

Approved rendering: melekler
Transliteration: meh-lek-LEHR
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology

NEW. Jude 1:6: ‘ἀγγέλους…τοὺς μὴ φυλάξαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν’ — rebellious angels. Genuine point of contact with Islamic angelology (melekler/malāʾika), but mainstream Sunni theology holds angels categorically incapable of disobedience — a genuine point of DIFFERENCE, not silently harmonized common ground. Flag explicitly in teaching material.

Angelic Domain

Approved rendering: konum / yetki
Transliteration: koh-NOOM / yet-KEE
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀρχή
Category: Angelology

NEW. Jude 1:6: ‘τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν’ — the angels’ proper rank/sphere, abandoned through rebellion.

Eternal Chains

Approved rendering: sonsuz zincirler
Transliteration: son-SOOZ zeen-jeer-LEHR
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις
Category: Angelology

NEW. Jude 1:6: ‘δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις’ — perpetual, unending bonds. Judicial-custodial imagery, occurring in the same verse as the second link of the kept_by_god chain; render alongside korumak/gözetmek.

Judgment

Approved rendering: yargı
Transliteration: yahr-GUH
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:6: ‘κρίσιν.’ Consistent with established yargı vocabulary already used across the pipeline (e.g., the Matthew package’s olivet_discourse_and_final_judgment).

Archangel

Approved rendering: başmelek
Transliteration: bahsh-meh-LEK
Doctrine: Angelic Authority and Restraint in Contending with Evil
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology

NEW. Jude 1:9: ‘Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος.’ Genuine point of contact — Michael/Mikail also named in Qur’an 2:98 — but avoid implying doctrinal equivalence between the two traditions’ portrayals of his role.

The Devil

Approved rendering: İblis
Transliteration: eeb-LEES
Doctrine: Angelic Authority and Restraint in Contending with Evil
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology

NEW. Jude 1:9: ‘τῷ διαβόλῳ.’ Established Turkish Bible convention. Shared vocabulary with the Qur’anic İblis (2:34) is a genuine point of contact, not to be conflated theologically.

Woe

Approved rendering: Vay onların haline!
Transliteration: vie ohn-lah-RUHN hah-lee-NEH
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:11: ‘Οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς.’ Reuses the ‘Vay…haline!’ convention established for the Matthew package’s woes_against_pharisees. Lower historical-sensitivity concern than Matthew 23 (target is a specific group of false teachers, not an ethnic/religious people-group), but still a weighty judicial pronouncement requiring care.

Way Of Cain

Approved rendering: Kayin’in yolu
Transliteration: kie-EEN-een yoh-LOO
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:11: ‘τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν.’ Proper name in established Turkish Bible (Genesis) convention: Kayin.

Error Of Balaam

Approved rendering: Balam’ın kazanç için sapması
Transliteration: bah-LAHM-uhn kah-ZAHNCH ee-CHEEN sahp-mah-SUH
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: τῇ πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ μισθοῦ
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:11: ‘τῇ πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ μισθοῦ.’ Proper name Balam; mercenary false-prophecy motif. Genuine cultural resonance regarding paid religious teachers; handle without implying a blanket condemnation of clergy compensation generally.

Rebellion Of Korah

Approved rendering: Korah’ın başkaldırısı
Transliteration: koh-RAH-uhn bahsh-kahl-duh-ruh-SUH
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:11: ‘τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε.’ Proper name Korah; rebellion against divinely appointed authority, parallel to v.8’s dominion_authority_abstract theme.

Fruitless Trees

Approved rendering: meyvesiz, kökünden sökülmüş ağaçlar
Transliteration: mey-veh-SEEZ, kur-kyoon-DEN sur-kyool-MYOOSH ah-ahch-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: δένδρα ἄκαρπα
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:12: ‘δένδρα φθινοπωρινὰ ἄκαρπα δὶς ἀποθανόντα ἐκριζωθέντα.’ Deliberate contrast with the inherited fruit_of_the_spirit doctrine (Ruh’un meyvesi); these produce nothing, having no genuine root in the Spirit. Note the contrast explicitly.

Hidden Reefs

Approved rendering: gizli kayalıklar
Transliteration: geez-LEE kah-yah-luhk-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: a rendering that silently harmonizes to 2 Peter 2:13’s σπίλοι (‘blemishes’)
Original: σπιλάδες (variant: σπίλοι)
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:12: ‘σπιλάδες’ (critical-text reading, ‘hidden reefs’); variant σπίλοι (‘blemishes/stains’) in some manuscripts and the 2 Peter 2:13 parallel. Document the variant transparently rather than silently harmonizing, per this pipeline’s established textual-note discipline.

Wandering Stars

Approved rendering: yolunu şaşırmış yıldızlar
Transliteration: yoh-loo-NOO shah-shuhr-MUSH yuhl-duhz-LAHR
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:13: ‘ἀστέρες πλανῆται.’ Astronomical image evoking the same fallen-angel background as vv.6, 9. Occurs in the same verse as the third link of the kept_by_god chain (‘τετήρηται’).

Enoch

Approved rendering: Hanok
Transliteration: hah-NOK
Doctrine: Inspired Citation of Extrabiblical Tradition (Canon and Reliability of Scripture)
Rejected alternatives: a bare transliteration of the Greek Ἑνώχ
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:14: ‘ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ Ἑνώχ.’ Use the established Turkish Bible Genesis-tradition form (Hanok), not a bare Greek transliteration.

Holy Myriads

Approved rendering: kutsal meleklerinin on binleri
Transliteration: koot-SAHL meh-lek-leh-ree-NEEN ohn been-leh-REE
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁγίαις μυριάσιν
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:14: ‘ἐν ἁγίαις μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ’ — the vast angelic host accompanying the Lord’s coming judgment.

Grumblers

Approved rendering: söylenip duran, şikâyetçi kimseler
Transliteration: soy-leh-NEEP doo-RAHN, shee-kah-yet-CHEE keem-seh-LEHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:16: ‘γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι’ — echoing Israel’s wilderness grumbling (v.5, those_who_did_not_believe); note the deliberate echo in teaching material.

Desires Lusts

Approved rendering: arzular / tutkular
Transliteration: ahr-zoo-LAHR / toot-koo-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπιθυμίας
Category: Sin

NEW (consistent with the Galatians package’s flesh_versus_spirit vocabulary for ἐπιθυμία). Jude 1:16, 1:18: ‘τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν.’ Keep consistent with existing pipeline usage.

Flattery Partiality

Approved rendering: çıkarları için başkalarına yağcılık etmek
Transliteration: chuh-kahr-lah-RUH ee-CHEEN bahsh-kah-lah-ruh-NAH yah-juh-luhk et-MEK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: a literal rendering of the Hebraic idiom ‘admiring faces’
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:16: ‘θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα.’ No direct Turkish idiomatic parallel exists; translate the meaning (flattery/partiality for gain), not the literal image.

Last Times

Approved rendering: son zamanlarda
Transliteration: son zah-mahn-lahr-DAH
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου [τοῦ] χρόνου
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:18: ‘ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου [τοῦ] χρόνου.’ Genuine point of contact with Islamic eschatological âhir zaman vocabulary; useful as a bridge concept if handled carefully, not conflated theologically.

Scoffers

Approved rendering: alaycılar
Transliteration: ah-lie-juh-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:18: ‘ἐμπαῖκται’ — those foretold by the apostles who would deride the faith.

Those Who Cause Divisions

Approved rendering: bölünmelere yol açanlar
Transliteration: bur-lyoon-meh-leh-REH yohl ah-chahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church

NEW. Jude 1:19: ‘οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες’ — schismatics who create factions within the church.

Love Of God

Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın sevgisi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn sev-gee-SEE
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ
Category: Preservation

NEW. Jude 1:21: ‘ἐν ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ’ — the sphere within which believers are commanded to keep themselves.

Snatching From Fire

Approved rendering: ateşten kapıp çıkararak
Transliteration: ah-tesh-TEN kah-PUHP chuh-kah-rah-RAHK
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Mercy and Rescue

NEW. Jude 1:23: ‘ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες’ — urgent, forceful rescue imagery.

Stained Garment

Approved rendering: bedenden kirlenmiş giysi
Transliteration: beh-den-DEN keer-len-MEESH gee-EE-see
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Mercy and Rescue

NEW. Jude 1:23: ‘τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα’ — a garment defiled by contact with sinful flesh, regarded with careful caution even while showing mercy. σάρξ again literal/physical (see flesh_literal); render with beden/ten, not Benlik.

Wavering Textual Note

Approved rendering: (metin eleştirisi notu; ayrı bir çeviri gerektirmez)
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: silent resolution to either the two-group or three-group manuscript reading without documentation
Original: (Jude 1:22-23 manuscript variation between a two-group and three-group structure)
Category: Textual Criticism / Canon

NEW. Jude 1:22-23 manuscript tradition genuinely divides between a two-group and a three-group structure for the differentiated-mercy instruction. Does not affect the core doctrine of differentiated mercy toward the wavering, but must be documented transparently, consistent with this pipeline’s established textual-note discipline (cf. Mark 16:9-20; John 7:53-8:11).

Doxological Attributes

Approved rendering: yücelik, büyüklük, kudret ve yetki
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK, byoo-yook-LOOK, kood-RET veh yet-KEE
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα μεγαλωσύνη κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology

NEW. Jude 1:25: ‘δόξα μεγαλωσύνη κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία’ — a four-fold doxological accumulation. κράτος rendered ‘kudret’ in its traditional Turkish doxological slot; flagged for native-speaker confirmation that this specific liturgical use, addressed to the personal, saving God with an explicit Christ-mediation clause attached, does not trigger the same qadar/fatalism association the Romans baseline flags for kudret when rendering δύναμις θεοῦ (Romans 1:16) — the doxological genre and immediate context differ materially.

Low Risk Terms

Amen

Approved rendering: Amin
Transliteration: ah-MEEN
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Faith

Inherited from Galatians package unchanged. Closes the doxology at Jude 1:25.

Brother

Approved rendering: kardeş
Transliteration: kahr-DESH
Doctrine: Apostolic Servant Identity and Calling
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church

NEW. Jude 1:1: ‘ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἰακώβου’ (brother of James). Standard kinship term; no doctrinal collision risk.

Love

Approved rendering: Sevgi
Transliteration: sev-GEE
Doctrine: The Epistolary Greeting: Mercy, Peace, and Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church

NEW (consistent with existing pipeline ἀγάπη usage, e.g. fruit_of_the_spirit, faith_working_through_love). Used generically in the greeting (v.2) and technically of ‘the love of God’ within which believers keep themselves (v.21 — see love_of_god).

People Israel

Approved rendering: halk
Transliteration: hahlk
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: λαός
Category: Old Testament Types

NEW. Jude 1:5: ‘λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου’ — the Exodus generation, the first of Jude’s three OT-type warnings. General term; specific referent supplied by context.

Dreaming False Visions

Approved rendering: düş görerek
Transliteration: doosh gur-eh-REK
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι
Category: Judgment

NEW. Jude 1:8: ‘ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι’ — the false teachers’ claim to spiritual authority from self-generated dream-visions rather than genuine revelation.

Irrational Creatures

Approved rendering: akılsız hayvanlar
Transliteration: ah-kuhl-SUHZ hie-vahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: Sin

NEW. Jude 1:10: ‘ἄλογα ζῷα’ — unreasoning animals, used contemptuously to describe the false teachers’ instinct-driven self-corruption.

Build Up Edify

Approved rendering: kendinizi geliştirerek / inşa ederek
Transliteration: ken-dee-nee-ZEE geh-leesh-tee-reh-REK
Doctrine: Praying in the Holy Spirit and Building Up in the Faith
Original: ἐποικοδομοῦντες
Category: Sanctification

NEW (consistent with the Romans baseline’s mutual_edification doctrine vocabulary). Jude 1:20: ‘ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτούς.‘

Exultant Joy

Approved rendering: büyük coşkuyla / sevinçle
Transliteration: byoo-YOOK johsh-koo-YLAH / seh-veench-LEH
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀγαλλιάσει
Category: Doxology

NEW. Jude 1:24: ‘ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει’ — rapturous, triumphant joy accompanying the blameless presentation.

Forever Eternal

Approved rendering: bütün çağlar boyunca sonsuza dek
Transliteration: byoo-TYOON chah-LAHR boh-yoon-JAH son-soo-ZAH dek
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας
Category: Doxology

NEW (consistent with established αἰώνιος-family renderings, cf. Sonsuz yaşam). Jude 1:25: ‘πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας.’

Referenced passages

JUD.1.24 JUD.1.25 JUD.1.4 JUD.1.17 JUD.1.21 JUD.1.20 JUD.1.1 JUD.1.3 JUD.1.8 JUD.1.9 JUD.1.10 JUD.1.14 JUD.1.15 JUD.1.8-16 JUD.1.18-19 JUD.1.22 JUD.1.23 JUD.1.2

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