Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Hebrews (English → Turkish)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all thirteen chapters of Hebrews. Terms already fixed in the baseline translation memory are marked [TM] and reused exactly; new terms coined for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are candidates for promotion into translation_memory.json during Phase 2. Risk levels follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and drive Phase 2 review routing exactly as in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
How to read this table
| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
| English term | The term/concept as it appears in English study material |
| Greek (translit.) | Original Koine Greek word and transliteration |
| Turkish rendering | Fixed Turkish term for this Language Package |
| Status | [TM] = reused exactly from baseline; [NEW] = coined for Hebrews |
| Risk | Critical / High / Medium / Low |
| Chapters | Where the term is load-bearing |
| Translation risk / notes | The specific collision, ambiguity, or doctrinal caution |
1. Christ’s Person and Superiority
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Translation risk / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Son / Son of God | υἱός / υἱὸς θεοῦ (huios / huios theou) | Tanrı’nın Oğlu | [TM] | Critical | 1, 3-5, 7 | Full phrase required, never softened; direct tawhid confrontation per baseline (Qur’an 112:3) |
| Angel | ἄγγελος (angelos) | melek | [NEW] | Medium | 1-2, 12 | Fixes the book’s angel-superiority argument; no doctrinal collision but must stay consistent |
| Radiance of glory | ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης (apaugasma tēs doxēs) | yüceliğin parıltısı | [NEW, reuses Yücelik] | Critical | 1 | Continues Colossians/Philippians tawhid-engagement Christology |
| Exact imprint of his nature | χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως (charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs) | özünün tam görüntüsü/damgası | [NEW] | Critical | 1 | ὑπόστασις here = “essential nature” — one of THREE distinct senses in this book (see also 3:14, 11:1); do not force one Turkish word across all senses |
| Firstborn | πρωτότοκος (prōtotokos) | ilk doğan | [NEW, reuses Colossians firstborn_of_creation caution] | Critical | 1, 12 | Rank/pre-eminence sense ONLY; never implies Christ was created; direct collision with Islamic no-offspring doctrine |
| Throne | θρόνος (thronos) | taht | [NEW] | High | 1 | God addresses the Son as possessing an eternal throne — direct deity claim (1:8) |
| Great High Priest | ἀρχιερέα μέγαν (archierea megan) | büyük başkâhin | [NEW] | Critical | 4 | Names the doctrine “Christ as the Great High Priest” |
| High priest (general) | ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus) | başkâhin | [NEW] | Critical | 2-10 | Must be identical across all ~17 occurrences; never a mere cleric-equivalent title |
| Priest | ἱερεύς (hiereus) | kâhin | [NEW] | Medium | 5, 7-8 | Standard term for ordinary (non-high) priests, including Melchizedek |
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ (Melchisedek) | Melkisedek | [NEW] | Low | 5-7 | Established Turkish Bible proper-name form |
| Order (of Melchizedek) | τάξις (taxis) | düzen | [NEW] | High | 5, 7 | ”Melkisedek düzeni” — a different priestly category, not merely a different individual |
| Firstborn/founder and perfecter of faith | ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτὴς τῆς πίστεως (archēgos kai teleiōtēs tēs pisteōs) | imanımızın öncüsü ve tamamlayıcısı | [NEW] | Critical | 2, 12 | Combines ἀρχηγός and τελειόω motifs |
| Pioneer/founder (of salvation) | ἀρχηγός (archēgos) | öncü/kurucu | [NEW] | High | 2, 12 | Reused with different objects (salvation, faith) |
| Made perfect / perfecter | τελειόω (teleioō) | yetkinleştirmek / yetkin kılmak | [NEW] | Critical | 2, 5-7, 9-12 | Recurring theological thread; qualification/completion through process, NEVER sinless-to-sinful moral change |
| Christ’s immutability | Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτὸς (Iēsous Christos chthes kai sēmeron ho autos) | İsa Mesih dün, bugün ve sonsuza dek aynıdır | [NEW] | Critical | 13 | Must pair İsa with Mesih per baseline convention; never bare İsa |
| Great shepherd of the sheep | ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας (poimēn tōn probatōn ho megas) | koyunların büyük çobanı | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | Shepherd Christology; resonant with John 10 |
2. Covenant and Law
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Translation risk / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covenant | διαθήκη (diathēkē) | Antlaşma | [TM] | Critical | 7-10, 12-13 | Reused exactly; Greek double meaning (covenant/last will) at 9:16-17 requires mandatory translator note — Turkish “Antlaşma” cannot carry the will/testament sense the author’s wordplay depends on |
| New Covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | Yeni Antlaşma | [TM] | Critical | 8-9, 12 | Central doctrine term; must be identical at 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24 |
| First/Old Covenant | πρώτη διαθήκη (prōtē diathēkē) | ilk Antlaşma / Eski Antlaşma | [TM, extended] | Critical | 8-9 | Must pair with the naskh-distinguishing teaching note (see below) |
| The testator / covenant-maker | διαθέμενος (diathemenos) | antlaşmayı yapan / vasiyeti bırakan kişi | [NEW] | Critical | 9 | Same wordplay caution as διαθήκη above; recommend translator note rather than forcing a single word |
| To make obsolete / become old | παλαιόω (palaioō) | eskimek/geçerliliğini kaybetmek | [NEW] | Critical | 8 | HIGHEST naskh-adjacent risk term in the book; requires mandatory theologian-authored teaching note distinguishing intra-covenantal fulfillment from Islamic abrogation doctrine |
| Better/superior | κρείττων / κρείσσων (kreittōn / kreissōn) | üstün | [NEW] | Critical | 1, 6-9, 11-12 | Fixed comparative term for the whole “Superiority of Christ” doctrine (better covenant, promises, sacrifices, hope, country, resurrection) |
| Guarantor / surety | ἔγγυος (engyos) | kefil | [NEW] | High | 7 | Legal-financial metaphor; parallels Colossians’ borç senedi discipline |
| Mediator | μεσίτης (mesitēs) | Aracı | [TM] | Critical | 8-9, 12 | Never şefaat (reserved for Islamic Muhammad-intercession doctrine) |
| Promise | ἐπαγγελία (epangelia) | Vaat | [TM] | Critical | 4, 6, 8-9, 11 | Never a merit-conditioned reward, per baseline |
| The Law (Mosaic) | νόμος (nomos) | Kutsal Yasa | [TM] | High | 7-10 | Never şeriat |
| Change of law | ἀλλαγὴ νόμου (allagē nomou) | yasanın değişmesi | [NEW] | High | 7 | Ties to the priesthood-change argument |
| Oath | ὅρκος (horkos) | ant/yemin | [NEW] | High | 6-7 | God’s oath, the ground of assurance |
| Unchangeable | ἀμετάθετον / ἀπαράβατος (ametatheton / aparabatos) | değişmez | [NEW] | High | 6-7 | Applied to God’s purpose and to Christ’s priesthood |
| Guardian/custodial role of the Law | (cross-reference: laws_purpose) | — | [TM cross-ref] | High | 7 | Reuses the Galatians package’s paidagōgos caution against a permanent-guide (mürşid/şeriat-as-life-guide) misreading |
3. Atonement, Sacrifice, and Blood
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Translation risk / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sacrifice | θυσία (thysia) | kurban | [NEW] | Critical | 5, 7, 9-11, 13 | Kurban Bayramı direction-of-gift caution applies whenever θυσία = Christ’s self-offering; the “sacrifice of praise” sense (13:15-16) is a distinct, non-atoning use requiring separate flagging |
| Blood | αἷμα (haima) | kan | [NEW] | High | 2, 9-13 | No inherent collision, but load-bearing throughout the atonement argument |
| His own blood | ἴδιον αἷμα (idion haima) | kendi kanı | [NEW] | Critical | 9, 13 | Must never be flattened; grounds Christ’s superiority over Levitical priests who used “blood not their own” |
| Blood not his own | αἷμα ἀλλότριον (haima allotrion) | kendisine ait olmayan kan | [NEW] | Medium | 9 | Sharpens the contrast above |
| Blood of the covenant | αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης (haima tēs diathēkēs) | Antlaşmanın kanı | [NEW, ties to Matthew TM] | Critical | 9, 12-13 | Must match the Matthew 26:26-28 words_of_institution baseline rendering exactly |
| Offer (a sacrifice) | προσφέρω (prospherō) | sunmak | [NEW] | Critical | 5, 7-11 | Applied both to OT priests offering animals and to Christ offering himself — direction and agency must be tracked carefully |
| Offered himself | ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν (heauton prosēnegken) | kendini sundu | [NEW, parallels TM atonement_curse_bearing “Kendini feda etti”] | Critical | 9 | Direction of gift: God/Christ toward sinner, reversing ordinary Kurban Bayramı direction — must be taught explicitly |
| Propitiation / to propitiate | ἱλασμός / ἱλάσκομαι / ἱλαστήριον (hilasmos / hilaskomai / hilastērion) | bağışlatma / günahları bağışlatmak / Bağışlanma Kapağı | [NEW] | Critical | 2, 9 | No fixed baseline equivalent exists; implies satisfying divine justice, not merely requesting mercy (rahmet); requires explicit teaching support against the merit-and-mercy Islamic soteriological frame |
| Once (single occurrence) | ἅπαξ (hapax) | bir kez | [NEW] | Critical | 6, 9-10 | Must contrast sharply with “πολλάκις / tekrar tekrar” (repeatedly) |
| Once for all (intensified) | ἐφάπαξ (ephapax) | ilk ve son olarak / kesin bir kez | [NEW] | Critical | 7, 9-10 | Distinguish from simple ἅπαξ but keep as part of the same unified motif |
| Many times / repeatedly | πολλάκις (pollakis) | tekrar tekrar / birçok kez | [NEW] | Critical | 9-10 | Direct antonym-contrast to ἅπαξ/ἐφάπαξ |
| Redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις (apolytrōsis / lytrōsis) | kurtarma / kurtuluş | [NEW, ties to TM Kurtarmak] | Critical | 9 | Keep the ransom-price nuance (cognate with Galatians’ ἐξαγοράζω/Kurtarmak), not fully collapsed into generic Kurtuluş |
| Forgiveness / remission | ἄφεσις (aphesis) | bağışlanma | [NEW] | Critical | 9-10 | Distinct from Aklanma (forensic justification) and from Kurtuluş (whole salvation); names specifically sins being released/pardoned |
| Shedding of blood | αἱματεκχυσία (haimatekchysia) | kan dökülmesi | [NEW] | Critical | 9 | Summary-principle statement of the whole passage; render with maximal clarity |
| Cleansing/purification (ritual, external) | καθαρότης / καθαρίζω (katharotēs / katharizō) | temizlik / temizlemek (bodily/ceremonial) | [NEW] | High | 9-10 | Must be explicitly qualified as EXTERNAL when describing the old system, contrasted with… |
| Cleanse the conscience | καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν (katharizein tēn syneidēsin) | vicdanı temizlemek | [NEW] | Critical | 9-10 | …the INWARD cleansing Christ achieves — the passage’s theological center; never reduced to the bodily-cleansing sense above |
| Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | vicdan | [NEW] | High | 9-10, 13 | Pivot-word of the whole 9:1-14 argument; keep fixed across all occurrences |
| Dead works | νεκρὰ ἔργα (nekra erga) | ölü işler | [NEW] | Critical | 9 | Must be kept lexically distinct from “iyi işler” (good works, Ephesians TM); also distinct from the amel/mizan frame already guarded against in the baseline |
| To serve/worship (the living God) | λατρεύω / λατρεία (latreuō / latreia) | tapınmak / tapınma hizmeti | [NEW] | High | 9, 12-13 | Use “tapınmak” (reused from John 4:24 baseline), never “ibadet etmek” (imports Islamic ritual-worship technical vocabulary) |
| Sacrifice of praise | θυσία αἰνέσεως (thysia aineseōs) | övgü kurbanı | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | Non-atoning responsive-worship sense of θυσία; must be distinguished from Christ’s atoning self-offering |
| Altar | θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion) | sunak | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | The believers’ spiritual altar |
| Nullify/put away sin | ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας (athetēsis hamartias) | günahı ortadan kaldırmak/geçersiz kılmak | [NEW, reuses ἀθετέω root from Galatians TM] | Critical | 9 | Reuses the same root as “nullify_the_grace_of_god”; must not be softened to mere “covering/overlooking” |
4. Access to God / Sanctuary Typology
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Translation risk / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tabernacle | σκηνή (skēnē) | Tapınma Çadırı | [NEW] | Medium | 8-9, 13 | Must stay distinct from “kilise” (church) and generic “çadır” |
| The holy places / sanctuary | τὰ ἅγια (ta hagia) | Kutsal Yer | [NEW] | High | 9-10 | Context must disambiguate outer sanctuary vs. Most Holy Place vs. heaven itself |
| Holy of Holies | ἅγια ἁγίων (hagia hagiōn) | En Kutsal Yer | [NEW] | Medium | 9 | Visually/lexically distinct from “Kutsal Yer” |
| Mercy seat / atonement cover | ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) | Bağışlanma Kapağı | [NEW] | Critical | 9 | No fixed baseline term exists (cf. Romans 3:25); companion term to ἱλασμός |
| Curtain / veil | καταπέτασμα (katapetasma) | perde | [NEW] | Critical | 9-10 | Ties incarnation (Christ’s flesh) to atonement and access doctrines in a single image |
| Copy / pattern | τύπος / ὑπόδειγμα (typos / hypodeigma) | örnek | [NEW] | High | 8-10 | Earthly copy of heavenly reality; keep distinct from ἀντίτυπος below |
| Copy (specific antitype sense) | ἀντίτυπος (antitypos) | kopya | [NEW] | High | 9 | Semantic-range trap: means “copy” here (earthly, inferior), NOT “fulfillment” as in 1 Peter 3:21 |
| Shadow | σκιά (skia) | gölge | [NEW] | High | 8, 10 | Paired with τύπος/ὑπόδειγμα typology language |
| True / real | ἀληθινός (alēthinos) | gerçek/hakiki | [NEW] | Medium | 8-9 | The heavenly originals, as opposed to earthly copies |
| To appear / present oneself | ἐμφανίζω (emphanizō) | görünmek/huzura çıkmak | [NEW] | High | 9 | Christ’s ongoing heavenly ministry on believers’ behalf |
| Face/presence of God | πρόσωπον θεοῦ (prosōpon theou) | Tanrı’nın huzuru | [NEW] | Medium | 9 | The immediate divine presence Christ enters on believers’ behalf |
| Confidence / boldness (of access) | παρρησία (parrēsia) | güven/cesaret | [NEW] | Critical | 3-4, 10 | Recurring “access” motif underlying the doctrine “Access to God through Christ’s Blood”; fix consistently across 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35 |
| To draw near / approach | προσέρχομαι (proserchomai) | yaklaşmak | [NEW] | Critical | 4, 7, 10-12 | Fixed recurring phrase “güvenle yaklaşmak” (approach with confidence) |
| Throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος (thronos tēs charitos) | lütuf tahtı | [NEW, reuses Lütuf] | High | 4 | Reuses baseline Lütuf |
| Sprinkle | ῥαντίζω (rhantizō) | serpmek | [NEW] | Medium | 9-10, 12 | Keep fixed across all ritual-sprinkling occurrences |
5. Sin, Faith, and Warning (Apostasy)
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Translation risk / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | Günah | [TM] | High | throughout | Reused exactly |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | İman | [TM] | High | 4, 6, 10-13 | Reused exactly; object of faith must remain explicit |
| Faith’s definition (assurance/substance) | ὑπόστασις (11:1) (hypostasis) | güvence (contextual gloss required) | [NEW] | Critical | 11 | THIRD distinct sense of ὑπόστασις in this book (cf. 1:3 nature, 3:14 confidence); do not force one fixed word |
| Proof / conviction | ἔλεγχος (elegchos) | kanıt | [NEW] | High | 11 | Companion term to ὑπόστασις in Heb 11:1’s definition |
| Confidence (perseverance sense) | ὑπόστασις (3:14) (hypostasis) | güven/güvence | [NEW] | High | 3 | SECOND distinct sense of ὑπόστασις |
| Unbelief | ἀπιστία (apistia) | imansızlık | [NEW, antonym of TM İman] | High | 3-4 | Root cause of wilderness exclusion from rest |
| To fall away / depart | ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) | uzaklaşmak/dönmek | [NEW] | Critical | 3 | Clearest single apostasy statement; genuine exegetical debate (true believer vs. professing member) must not be unilaterally resolved |
| To fall away (distinct verb) | παραπίπτω (parapiptō) | sapmak/geri dönmek | [NEW] | Critical | 6 | Most theologically disputed apostasy term in the book; mandatory theologian review with both interpretive traditions represented |
| Harden the heart | σκληρύνω τὴν καρδίαν (sklērynō tēn kardian) | yüreği sertleştirmek | [NEW] | Critical | 3 | Anchor term for the Warning Passages doctrine (Psalm 95 quotation) |
| To sin deliberately/willfully | ἐκουσίως ἁμαρτάνειν (hekousiōs hamartanein) | bilerek/isteyerek günah işlemek | [NEW] | Critical | 10 | Gravest form of the apostasy warning |
| To outrage/insult the Spirit of grace | ἐνυβρίζειν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος (enybrizein to pneuma tēs charitos) | lütuf Ruhu’na hakaret etmek | [NEW] | Critical | 10 | Severest apostasy-language in the book |
| Shrink back to destruction | ὑποστολὴ εἰς ἀπώλειαν (hypostolē eis apōleian) | geri çekilip mahvolmak | [NEW] | High | 10 | Negative alternative to perseverance |
| Endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | sabır/sebat | [NEW] | High | 10, 12 | Central term for Perseverance and Assurance doctrine |
| Judgment | κρίσις (krisis) | yargı | [NEW] | High | 9-10 | Genuine, personal, post-mortem divine judgment; must not soften into vague fatalism |
| Appointed / laid up (destiny) | ἀπόκειται (apokeitai) | belirlenmiştir | [NEW] | High | 9 | Must convey a personal God’s appointment, NOT qadar-style impersonal fate — recommend “Tanrı tarafından belirlenmiştir” |
| Discipline (of the Lord) | παιδεία κυρίου (paideia kyriou) | Rab’bin terbiyesi/eğitimi | [NEW] | Critical | 12 | Fatherly, formative discipline flowing FROM secured sonship; never a merit-earning punishment system |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | tövbe | [TM] | High | 6, 12 | Reused exactly; live Islamic religious term, ground in Christ’s work |
| Place/opportunity for repentance | τόπος μετανοίας (topos metanoias) | tövbe için yer/fırsat | [TM extended] | High | 12 | Concerns Esau’s forfeited BIRTHRIGHT consequence, not a categorical denial of repentance’s possibility |
| The righteous shall live by faith | ὁ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται (ho dikaios ek pisteōs zēsetai) | doğru kişi imanla yaşayacak | [TM cross-ref] | Critical | 10 | Must match Romans 1:17/Galatians 3:11 baseline exactly (Habakkuk 2:4 citation) |
| Testify / bear witness (be commended) | μαρτυρέω (martyreō) | tanıklık almak/onaylanmak | [NEW] | Medium | 11 | Recurring refrain-verb across the “Hall of Faith” |
| Strangers and sojourners | ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι (xenoi kai parepidēmoi) | yabancılar ve konuklar | [NEW, ties to TM citizenship] | Medium | 11 | Connects to Philippians’ heavenly citizenship doctrine |
6. Community, Ethics, and Closing Material
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Turkish rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Translation risk / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | kardeş sevgisi | [NEW] | Low | 13 | |
| Hospitality | φιλοξενία (philoxenia) | konukseverlik | [NEW] | Low | 13 | |
| Marriage held honorable | γάμος τίμιος (gamos timios) | evlilik onurlu sayılsın | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | Parallels household-code material without the submission-language sensitivities |
| Leaders | ἡγούμενοι (hēgoumenoi) | önderler | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | Church leadership, obey/submit sense distinct from the obedience_of_faith caution |
| Diverse and strange teachings | διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις (didachais poikilais kai xenais) | çeşitli ve yabancı öğretiler | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | Parallels Colossians philosophy_and_empty_deceit caution; not a blanket anti-tradition statement |
| Outside the camp | ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς (exō tēs parembolēs) | ordugahın dışında | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | Typological identification with Christ’s reproach |
| Fellowship / sharing | κοινωνία (koinōnia) | Paydaşlık | [TM] | Low | 13 | Reused exactly (“doing good and sharing”) |
| Word of exhortation | λόγος τῆς παρακλήσεως (logos tēs paraklēseōs) | teşvik sözü | [TM, reuses Teşvik etmek] | Low | 13 | |
| Grace (closing benediction) | χάρις (charis) | Lütuf | [TM] | High | 13 | Reused exactly |
| God of peace | ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης (ho theos tēs eirēnēs) | esenlik Tanrısı | [TM, reuses Esenlik] | Medium | 13 | |
| Cloud of witnesses | νέφος μαρτύρων (nephos martyrōn) | tanıklar bulutu | [NEW] | Low | 12 | |
| Race / contest (metaphor) | ἀγών (agōn) | yarış | [NEW] | Low | 12 | |
| Mount Zion / heavenly Jerusalem | Σιὼν ὄρος / Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουρανίῳ | Siyon Dağı / göksel Yeruşalim | [NEW] | High | 12 | Sinai/Zion fear-vs-access contrast must be retained; geopolitical sensitivity per baseline İsrail caution |
| Assembly of the firstborn | ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων (ekklēsia prōtotokōn) | ilk doğanların topluluğu | [NEW, reuses Kilise] | High | 12 | Corporate/plural sense, distinct from Christ’s singular Christological “firstborn” |
| Unshakeable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος (basileia asaleutos) | sarsılmaz Egemenlik | [NEW, reuses Tanrı’nın Egemenliği] | High | 12 | |
| Birthright | πρωτοτόκια (prōtotokia) | ilk oğulluk hakkı | [NEW] | Medium | 12 | Distinct referent from πρωτότοκος (Christological title) despite shared root |
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (per curriculum parameters)
| Doctrine | Primary terms (see tables above) |
|---|---|
| The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood | Tanrı’nın Oğlu, melek, ilk doğan, üstün, başkâhin, düzen, ἔγγυος/kefil |
| Christ as the Great High Priest | büyük başkâhin, başkâhin, tapınmak, aracılık eder, duygudaşlık, sadık başkâhin |
| The New Covenant versus the Old | Yeni Antlaşma, ilk/Eski Antlaşma, eskimek, Aracı, düzenlemek/ẟüzeltme zamanı |
| The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | kurban, bir kez, ilk ve son olarak, kendini sundu, bağışlatma, kan dökülmesi, ἱλαστήριον/Bağışlanma Kapağı |
| The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | uzaklaşmak/dönmek, sapmak, yüreği sertleştirmek, bilerek günah işlemek, lütuf Ruhu’na hakaret etmek, geri çekilip mahvolmak |
| Faith of the Old Testament Saints | İman, güvence, kanıt, tanıklık almak, yabancılar ve konuklar |
| Perseverance and Assurance | sabır/sebat, yargı, Rab’bin terbiyesi, değişmez, ant/yemin, çapa |
| Access to God through Christ’s Blood | güven/cesaret, yaklaşmak, perde, Kutsal Yer, En Kutsal Yer, vicdanı temizlemek |
Notes for Phase 2 Loading
- All [TM] entries above must be loaded from the existing baseline
translation_memory.jsonwithout modification. - All [NEW] entries are proposed for addition to
translation_memory.jsonat the start of Phase 2 processing for Hebrews, each carrying the risk level assigned here. - The following terms require mandatory theologian review on every occurrence regardless of surrounding context: başkâhin (in Christological contexts), Yeni/Eski Antlaşma, eskimek (8:13), kurban (when referring to Christ’s self-offering), bağışlatma/ἱλαστήριον, uzaklaşmak/dönmek (3:12), sapmak (6:6), bilerek günah işlemek (10:26), lütuf Ruhu’na hakaret etmek (10:29), Rab’bin terbiyesi (12:5-11), Antlaşmanın kanı (9:20, cross-referenced to Matthew’s Words of Institution).
- The ὑπόστασις polysemy (1:3 / 3:14 / 11:1) must be flagged as a standing translation note wherever any of its three occurrences appears, since no single Turkish word can carry all three senses.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Doğruluk
Transliteration: doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (righteous deeds), adalet (justice, generic)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 11:7 (‘heir of the righteousness that comes by faith’) and 12:11 (‘the fruit of righteousness’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: Kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: cennete girmek (entering paradise, as the whole content), necat (Ottoman/Arabic register)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Perseverance
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 2:3 (‘great salvation’) and 9:28 (future consummation at Christ’s return) — the 9:28 future sense must be taught as supplementing, never contradicting, the baseline’s present-assurance doctrine.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Diriliş
Transliteration: dee-ree-LEESH
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: göğe yükseliş (ascension, alone), ruhsal diriliş (spiritual-only revival)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews 11:35’s ‘better resurrection’ (daha üstün bir diriliş) and 13:20’s great-shepherd resurrection-Christology.
Lord
Approved rendering: Rab
Transliteration: RAHB
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: efendi (master, non-divine), üstat (teacher/master)
Inherited from Romans package. Ho theos tes eirenes (‘esenlik Tanrısı’) and paideia kyriou (‘Rab’bin terbiyesi’) both build on this root.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Oğlu
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn oh-LOO
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın sevgili kulu (God’s beloved servant), kutsal kişi (holy person)
Original: υἱός / υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 1 mounts the sharpest single tawhid confrontation of this term yet: 1:8 has the Father directly address the Son as ‘Tanrı’ (quoting Psalm 45).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Beden alma
Transliteration: beh-DEN ahl-MAH
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın insan kılığına girmesi (God disguising himself as a human), tecessüm (bare philosophical term without doctrinal framing)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews 2:14’s ‘partaking of flesh and blood’ (bedene ve kana ortak oldu) — a real, permanent assumption of human nature, never a temporary disguise.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Antlaşma
Transliteration: ahnt-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: sözleşme (bare contract)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL EXTENSION for Hebrews: Greek diatheke also carries a distinct ‘last will/testament’ legal sense exploited at 9:16-17, which Turkish Antlaşma cannot natively carry. A mandatory bracketed translator note is required at 9:16-17 explaining the Greco-Roman will-law wordplay, since a literal rendering will otherwise read as a non-sequitur.
Mediator
Approved rendering: Aracı
Transliteration: ah-rah-JUH
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose / New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: şefaat (reserved for the Islamic Muhammad-intercession doctrine)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Priesthood
Inherited from Galatians/Romans package. Central to Hebrews 8:6, 9:15, 12:24 (Christ as mediator of the New Covenant).
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peygamber’ (Prophet Jesus, without Mesih)
Inherited from Romans package. Must always pair with Mesih (İsa Mesih) in doctrinally significant Hebrews references, especially 13:8’s immutability statement.
God
Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah (theologically usable but politically/socially contested for Christian texts in some contexts)
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing throughout, especially Hebrews 1:8’s direct Father-to-Son address.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Cebrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 2:4, 6:4, 9:14, 10:15, 10:29 (‘outraging the Spirit of grace’).
Father
Approved rendering: Baba
Transliteration: bah-BAH
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Yaratıcı (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Inherited from Romans package. Root for Hebrews 12:5-11’s paideia kyriou (Rab’bin terbiyesi) — fatherly discipline flowing FROM secured sonship, never a merit-earning system.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesih
Transliteration: meh-SEEH
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: sadece bir peygamber (merely a prophet)
Inherited from Romans package. Always paired with İsa (İsa Mesih) per baseline convention throughout Hebrews.
Atonement Curse Bearing
Approved rendering: Kendini feda etti
Transliteration: ken-dee-NEE feh-DAH et-TEE
Doctrine: Atonement and Christ’s Curse-Bearing
Rejected alternatives: kurban etti (offered as a Kurban-Bayramı-style sacrifice TO God, direction reversed)
Inherited from Galatians package. Direction-of-gift template reused exactly for Hebrews 9:14’s ‘offered himself’ (kendini sundu) and 9:26’s atheteia hamartias (nullify sin) — the gift runs from God/Christ toward sinners, reversing the ordinary Kurban Bayramı direction.
Not Of Works
Approved rendering: iyi işlerin sonucu değildir
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-leh-REEN soh-noo-JOO deh-eel-DEER
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace Through Faith
Rejected alternatives: salih amel değildir (imports the specific Islamic righteous-deeds category)
Inherited from Ephesians package. Contrastive template for Hebrews 9:14’s ‘dead works’ (ölü işler) doctrine — must be kept lexically distinct from good_works below.
Good Works
Approved rendering: iyi işler
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace Through Faith
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (imports the Islamic deeds-weighed-at-judgment category)
Inherited from Ephesians package. Must be kept lexically distinct from Hebrews’ ‘ölü işler’ (dead works, 6:1; 9:14) so readers never conflate futile self-effort with grace’s fruit, nor collapse either into the amel/mizan frame.
Image Of The Invisible God
Approved rendering: görünmez Tanrı’nın görüntüsü
Transliteration: gur-ryoon-MEHZ tahn-ruh-NUHN gur-ryoon-tyoo-SYOO
Doctrine: The Supremacy of Christ Over Creation
Inherited from Colossians package. Reused as the direct parallel-template for Hebrews 1:3’s ‘exact imprint of his nature’ (özünün tam görüntüsü/damgası); teach Colossians 1:15, Philippians 2:6, and Hebrews 1:3 together as one cross-book Christological argument.
Firstborn Of Creation
Approved rendering: bütün yaratılışın ilk doğanı
Transliteration: byoo-TYOON yah-rah-tuh-luh-SHUHN eelk doh-ah-NUH
Doctrine: The Supremacy of Christ Over Creation
Inherited from Colossians package. Direct precedent for Hebrews 1:6’s ‘firstborn’ (ilk doğan) — NEVER implies Christ was created; rank/supremacy sense only.
Creator And Sustainer Of All
Approved rendering: her şey O’nda yaratıldı, her şey O’nda ayakta durur
Transliteration: hehr SHEHY ohn-DAH yah-rah-tuhl-DUH, hehr SHEHY ohn-DAH ahy-ahk-TAH doo-ROOR
Doctrine: The Supremacy of Christ Over Creation
Inherited from Colossians package. Template for Hebrews 1:3’s ‘upholding all things by his word’ (her şeyi sözüyle ayakta tutar) — ongoing, present-tense sustaining.
Words Of Institution
Approved rendering: Bu benim bedenimdir… Bu benim kanımdır, antlaşmanın kanı
Transliteration: boo beh-NEEM beh-deh-nee-DEER
Doctrine: The Words of Institution
Inherited from Matthew package. Hebrews 9:20 directly quotes Exodus 24:8, the same OT text Jesus consciously echoes at the Last Supper; the Turkish rendering of 9:20’s ‘this is the blood of the covenant’ MUST match this Matthew 26:26-28 baseline phrasing as closely as syntax allows.
Blasphemy Against The Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruh’a karşı söylenen küfür
Transliteration: ROOH-ah kahr-SHUH sur-leh-nehn kyoo-FYOOR
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Spirit
Inherited from Matthew package. Structural and pastoral parallel to Hebrews 10:29’s ‘outraging the Spirit of grace’ (lütuf Ruhu’na hakaret etmek) — both require the same balance of full severity with mandatory pastoral framing against scrupulous fear.
Lamb Of God
Approved rendering: İşte, dünyanın günahını ortadan kaldıran Tanrı Kuzusu!
Transliteration: eesh-TEH, dyoon-yah-NUHN goo-nah-huh-NUH ohr-tah-DAHN kahl-duh-RAHN tahn-RUH koo-zoo-SOO
Doctrine: The Lamb of God
Inherited from John package. Verb-sense precedent (‘taking away/bearing’) for Hebrews 9:28’s ‘to bear the sins of many’ (birçoklarının günahlarını yüklenmek/kaldırmak için), itself a direct echo of Isaiah 53:12.
Righteous Shall Live By Faith
Approved rendering: doğru kişi imanla yaşayacak
Transliteration: doh-ROO kee-SHEE ee-mahn-LAH yah-shah-yah-JAHK
Doctrine: Justification by Faith / Perseverance
Original: ὁ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται
Category: Perseverance
Inherited (Habakkuk 2:4 citation) from the Romans 1:17 / Galatians 3:11 baseline rendering. MUST match exactly at Hebrews 10:38 for cross-book citation consistency.
Great High Priest
Approved rendering: büyük başkâhin
Transliteration: byoo-YOOK bahsh-kyah-HEEN
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: imam-i azam (borrowed Islamic-legal-office title), büyük müftü
Original: ἀρχιερέα μέγαν
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Names the doctrine ‘Christ as the Great High Priest’ for the first time at Hebrews 4:14. Combines başkâhin (below) with büyük (great); must be taught as a superlative, singular office, not merely ‘a very senior’ human religious role.
High Priest
Approved rendering: başkâhin
Transliteration: bahsh-kyah-HEEN
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: imam, hoca, müftü, papaz (Christian clergy title, wrong register)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage, drawn from the Turkish Bible tradition’s existing OT-priestly vocabulary. Must be rendered IDENTICALLY across all ~17 occurrences (chs. 2-10). Never a title suggesting a mere cleric, imam-equivalent, or müftü; Turkish has no living functional-priesthood category, so this is a genuine vocabulary gap requiring explanatory scaffolding, not merely a collision to fence against.
Radiance Of Glory
Approved rendering: yüceliğin parıltısı
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-lee-EEN pah-ruhl-tuh-SUH
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-Existence of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (divine light, Sufi/Nur Muhammad association)
Original: ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage, reusing baseline Yücelik root. Continues the Colossians 1:15/Philippians 2:6 tawhid-engagement Christology at Hebrews 1:3; must never be softened into a lesser, borrowed brightness.
Exact Imprint Of Nature
Approved rendering: özünün tam görüntüsü/damgası
Transliteration: ur-zyoo-NYOON tahm gur-ryoon-tyoo-SYOO/dahm-gah-SUH
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-Existence of Christ
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage. Renders Hebrews 1:3’s charakter tes hypostaseos autou. NOTE: hypostasis here means ‘essential nature/substance’ — one of THREE distinct senses this Greek word carries in Hebrews (cf. 3:14 ‘confidence,’ 11:1 ‘assurance’). Do not force one fixed Turkish word across all three; each occurrence requires its own contextual gloss and a standing translator note.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: ilk doğan
Transliteration: eelk doh-AHN
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage (reusing the Colossians firstborn_of_creation caution). Applied to Christ (1:6) and to the corporate ‘assembly of the firstborn’ (12:23). Never implies Christ was created; rank/pre-eminence sense only; direct, unavoidable confrontation with Qur’an 112:3’s no-offspring doctrine. Must be kept distinct from the shared-root but unrelated legal term ‘birthright’ (12:16).
Made Perfect Teleioo
Approved rendering: yetkinleştirmek / yetkin kılmak
Transliteration: yet-keen-lesh-teer-MEK / yet-KEEN kuhl-MAHK
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification for Priesthood Through Suffering
Original: τελειόω
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Renders the recurring teleioo verb (2:10; 5:9; 6:1; 7:19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23) — a major theological thread requiring ONE consistent Turkish root throughout. NEVER suggests Christ was morally imperfect before; this is qualification/completion-through-process language, distinct from a moral-deficiency claim, and must not collide with Christ’s affirmed sinlessness (4:15; 7:26).
Founder And Perfecter Of Faith
Approved rendering: imanımızın öncüsü ve tamamlayıcısı
Transliteration: ee-mah-nuh-muh-ZUHN urn-joo-SOO veh tah-mahm-lah-yuh-juh-SUH
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτὴς τῆς πίστεως
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 12:2, combining archegos and teleioo motifs into one title; must visibly combine both root-terms so readers can trace both threads through the book.
Christs Immutability
Approved rendering: İsa Mesih dün, bugün ve sonsuza dek aynıdır
Transliteration: ee-SAH meh-SEEH DYOON, boo-GYOON veh son-soo-ZAH dehk ie-nuh-DUHR
Doctrine: Christ’s Unchanging Character
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:8. Must reuse the İsa Mesih paired form per baseline convention; never bare İsa, which would default to the Qur’anic prophet-referent and lose the claim about the eternal, unchanging divine-human Christ grounding the book’s whole assurance doctrine.
Covenant New
Approved rendering: Yeni Antlaşma
Transliteration: YEH-nee ahnt-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Hebrews-original extension of the inherited Antlaşma root. Must be IDENTICAL at 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24, and must match the Matthew 26:26-28 Words of Institution baseline rendering wherever covenant-blood language overlaps.
First Covenant
Approved rendering: ilk Antlaşma / Eski Antlaşma
Transliteration: eelk ahnt-lahsh-MAH / ES-kee ahnt-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: The Obsolescence of the Old Covenant
Original: πρώτη διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original extension. Must pair with the naskh-distinguishing teaching note established for become_obsolete below: this is intra-covenantal fulfillment by the SAME God completing his own promise through the SAME prophetic line, not one prophet correcting a different, corrupted scripture.
Testator
Approved rendering: antlaşmayı yapan / vasiyeti bırakan kişi
Transliteration: ahnt-lahsh-mah-YUH yah-PAHN / vah-see-yeh-TEE buh-rah-KAHN kee-SHEE
Doctrine: Covenant Ratification Through Blood
Original: διαθέμενος
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original coinage. Shares the diathēkē covenant/will wordplay risk exactly (9:16-17); recommend a bracketed translator note rather than forcing ‘Antlaşmayı yapan’ to carry the Greco-Roman will-law sense the argument needs.
Become Obsolete
Approved rendering: eskimek / geçerliliğini kaybetmek
Transliteration: ess-kee-MEK / geh-cher-lee-lee-EE-nee kie-beht-MEK
Doctrine: The Obsolescence of the Old Covenant
Rejected alternatives: nesh edilmek / kaldırılmak in a naskh-abrogation framing
Original: παλαιόω
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original coinage. THE SINGLE HIGHEST naskh-adjacent risk term in the entire book (8:13). Requires mandatory theologian-authored teaching material distinguishing intra-covenantal fulfillment (same God, same prophetic line, first covenant’s own stated purpose per Jeremiah 31) from the Islamic naskh (abrogation) framework, in which a later, unrelated prophet corrects an allegedly corrupted, foreign scripture. A flat ‘eskidi, kalkacak’ rendering without this distinction would confirm exactly the reading the Galatians and Matthew packages already flagged as a recurring risk.
Better Superior
Approved rendering: üstün
Transliteration: yoos-TOON
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: daha iyi (merely quantitative ‘a bit better’)
Original: κρείττων / κρείσσων
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original coinage. Fixed comparative term (better covenant, promises, sacrifices, hope, country, resurrection) throughout chs. 1, 6-9, 11-12. Must convey CATEGORICAL, qualitative superiority, never reduced to a matter of degree.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: kurban
Transliteration: koor-BAHN
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original term; no viable substitute exists. The single most emotionally/culturally loaded word in the book: Kurban Bayramı gives it strong positive Turkish associations where the WORSHIPER offers TO God. Hebrews reverses this direction for Christ’s self-offering (5:1; 7:27; 9:9,23,26; 10:1-12,26; 11:4). Mandatory explicit direction-of-gift teaching at every such occurrence. The ‘sacrifice of praise’ sense (13:15-16) is a DISTINCT, non-atoning use where the ordinary direction is correct — do not over-apply the reversal caution there.
His Own Blood
Approved rendering: kendi kanı
Transliteration: ken-DEE kah-NUH
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἴδιον αἷμα
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:12,25. This possessive must never be flattened; grounds Christ’s superiority over Levitical priests who used ‘blood not their own.‘
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: Antlaşmanın kanı
Transliteration: ahnt-lahsh-mah-NUHN kah-NUH
Doctrine: Covenant Ratification Through Blood
Original: αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:20 (Exodus 24:8 quotation) and 13:20 (‘blood of the eternal covenant’). MUST match the Matthew 26:26-28 Words of Institution baseline rendering exactly.
Offer Sacrifice
Approved rendering: sunmak
Transliteration: soon-MAHK
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original term. Applied to OT priests offering animals AND to Christ offering himself (5:1,3,7; 7:27; 8:3-4; 9:7,9,14,25,28; 10:1-2,8,11-12); direction and agency must be tracked carefully.
Offered Himself
Approved rendering: kendini sundu
Transliteration: ken-dee-NEE soon-DOO
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage, parallels the inherited atonement_curse_bearing (‘Kendini feda etti’). Hebrews 9:14. Direction of the gift: God/Christ toward sinner, reversing ordinary Kurban Bayramı direction — must be taught explicitly every occurrence.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: bağışlatma / günahları bağışlatmak
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-laht-MAH
Doctrine: Propitiation for the Sins of the People
Original: ἱλασμός / ἱλάσκομαι / ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. NO fixed baseline equivalent existed previously anywhere in this Language Package (Romans 3:25 has the identical unresolved gap). Implies satisfying divine justice through substitution, distinct from the Islamic merit-and-mercy (rahmet) soteriological frame already flagged for grace. Flagged for cross-book harmonization with a future Romans 3:25 update.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: Bağışlanma Kapağı
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-lahn-MAH kah-pah-UH
Doctrine: Propitiation for the Sins of the People
Hebrews-original coinage, companion term to propitiation. Hebrews 9:5, the ark’s golden cover; a compound descriptive phrase communicating the function better than any transliteration.
Once Hapax
Approved rendering: bir kez
Transliteration: beer KEHZ
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. The book’s recurring ‘once’ refrain (6:4; 9:7,26-28; 10:2). Must be rendered CONSISTENTLY across every occurrence and stand in sharp lexical contrast to many_times_repeatedly below.
Once For All Ephapax
Approved rendering: ilk ve son olarak / kesin bir kez
Transliteration: eelk veh SOHN oh-lah-RAHK / keh-SEEN beer kehz
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. The intensified, stronger compound form (7:27; 9:12; 10:10); distinguish from simple once_hapax while keeping both part of the same unified motif.
Many Times Repeatedly
Approved rendering: tekrar tekrar / birçok kez
Transliteration: tek-RAHR tek-RAHR / beer-CHOHK kehz
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: πολλάκις
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Direct antonym-contrast to once_hapax/once_for_all_ephapax (9:25-26; 10:1,11); the chapter’s entire argument depends on this contrast remaining visible sentence-by-sentence.
Eternal Redemption
Approved rendering: sonsuz kurtuluş/kurtarma
Transliteration: son-SOOZ koor-too-LOOSH/koor-tahr-MAH
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Hebrews-original coinage (reuses inherited Kurtarmak/Kurtuluş root). Hebrews 9:12, aionia lytrosis; keep the ransom-price nuance (deliverance obtained at a cost) rather than collapsing fully into generic Kurtuluş.
Redemption
Approved rendering: kurtarma / kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-tahr-MAH / koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Covenant Ratification Through Blood
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original extension. Hebrews 9:15, apolytrosis, redemption from transgressions under the first covenant.
Forgiveness Remission
Approved rendering: bağışlanma
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-lahn-MAH
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:22; 10:18, aphesis. Keep distinct from Aklanma (forensic justification) and from the general Kurtuluş; names specifically sins being released/pardoned.
Shedding Of Blood
Approved rendering: kan dökülmesi
Transliteration: kahn dur-kyool-meh-SEE
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. The single most quotable summary statement in the core passage (9:22): ‘without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.’ Do not drop the qualifying ‘schedon’ (almost/nearly) preceding it, which prevents overstating the rule’s absoluteness.
Cleanse The Conscience
Approved rendering: vicdanı temizlemek
Transliteration: veej-dah-NUH teh-meez-leh-MEK
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:14; 10:22, the theological center of the core passage. Never reduced to cleansing_bodily language; the internal/external distinction must be unmistakable.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: ölü işler
Transliteration: ur-LOO eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 6:1; 9:14; kept lexically distinct from the inherited ‘iyi işler’ (good works) so readers do not conflate futile self-effort with grace’s fruit, and does not collapse into the amel/mizan frame.
Nullify Put Away Sin
Approved rendering: günahı ortadan kaldırmak / geçersiz kılmak
Transliteration: goo-nah-HUH ohr-tah-DAHN kahl-duhr-MAHK
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage, reusing the athetēo root already established for ‘nullify_the_grace_of_god’ (Galatians 2:21). Hebrews 9:26, athetesis hamartias. Must not be softened to a mere covering/overlooking of sin.
Partaking Of Flesh And Blood
Approved rendering: bedene ve kana ortak oldu
Transliteration: beh-deh-NEH veh kah-NAH ohr-TAHK ohl-DOO
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: μετέχειν σαρκὸς καὶ αἵματος
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Beden alma doctrine. Hebrews 2:14, a direct incarnation statement; must affirm real, permanent human nature, never a temporary appearance, continuing the tajassum-collision the baseline already flags.
Curtain Veil
Approved rendering: perde
Transliteration: pehr-DEH
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Hebrews 10:20, identified with Christ’s flesh — fuses incarnation and atonement in one image; must not be flattened into a merely architectural detail. Requires teaching note linking explicitly to Beden alma.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: güven/cesaret
Transliteration: goo-VEN/jeh-sah-RET
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Renders parrhesia (3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35); fix consistently across all four occurrences to preserve the ‘bold access’ motif.
Draw Near
Approved rendering: yaklaşmak
Transliteration: yahk-lahsh-MAHK
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Renders proserchomai (4:16; 7:25; 10:22; 11:6; 12:22); establish ‘güvenle yaklaşmak’ as a fixed recurring phrase.
Hypostasis Polysemy
Approved rendering: özü (1:3) / güven-güvence (3:14) / güvence (11:1) — context-dependent
Transliteration: hyoo-poh-STAH-sees
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: forcing a single fixed Turkish word across all three occurrences
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Sin and Faith
Hebrews-original flag. Carries THREE distinct senses in Hebrews: essential nature/substance (1:3), confidence/firm standing (3:14), assurance/substantive reality (11:1). Do NOT force one Turkish word onto all three; each requires its own contextual gloss and a standing translator note wherever any of the three occurs.
Fall Away Depart
Approved rendering: yaşayan Tanrı’dan uzaklaşmak/dönmek
Transliteration: yah-shah-YAHN tahn-ruh-DAHN oo-zahk-lahsh-MAHK/durn-MEK
Doctrine: Warning Against Hardened Hearts
Rejected alternatives: irtidat (imports the full Islamic apostasy-from-Islam legal-social category)
Original: ἀφίστημι / ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 3:12, the book’s clearest single apostasy statement. Genuine interpretive debate (true believer vs. professing-but-unregenerate member) must not be unilaterally resolved; render literally, flag for mandatory theologian review with both traditions represented.
Fall Away Lapse
Approved rendering: sapmak/geri dönmek
Transliteration: sahp-MAHK/geh-REE durn-MEK
Doctrine: The Severe Warning Against Falling Away
Rejected alternatives: irtidat
Original: παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 6:6, parapipto. The most theologically disputed apostasy-term in the book (Arminian vs. Reformed reading traditions); DO NOT resolve the debate unilaterally; render literally with mandatory theologian review.
Harden The Heart
Approved rendering: yüreği/yüreğinizi sertleştirmek
Transliteration: yoo-reh-EE/yoo-reh-ee-NEE-zee sehrt-lesh-teer-MEK
Doctrine: Warning Against Hardened Hearts
Original: σκληρύνω τὴν καρδίαν
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Psalm 95 quotation (3:8,15; 4:7); anchor term for the Danger of Apostasy doctrine. Must be rendered with full imperative force, never softened into a general caution.
Sin Deliberately
Approved rendering: bilerek/isteyerek günah işlemek
Transliteration: bee-leh-REK/ees-teh-yeh-REK goo-NAHH eesh-leh-MEK
Doctrine: The Warning Against Deliberate Sin
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνειν
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 10:26, the gravest form of the book’s apostasy warning. Requires pastoral care to avoid inducing scrupulous anxiety.
Outrage Spirit Of Grace
Approved rendering: lütuf Ruhu’na hakaret etmek
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF roo-hoo-NAH hah-kah-RET et-MEK
Doctrine: The Warning Against Deliberate Sin
Rejected alternatives: küfür-family single-word substitution
Original: ἐνυβρίζειν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Lütuf and Kutsal Ruh. Hebrews 10:29, the severest apostasy-language in the book. Mandatory theologian-authored pastoral framing on every occurrence, parallel to the Matthew blasphemy_against_the_spirit balance.
Crucify Again
Approved rendering: yeniden çarmıha germek
Transliteration: yeh-nee-DEN chahr-muh-HAH gehr-MEK
Doctrine: The Severe Warning Against Falling Away
Original: ἀνασταυρόω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Çarmıh. Hebrews 6:6; the vivid, shocking image must not be softened — it conveys the gravity the author intends.
Discipline Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Rab’bin terbiyesi/eğitimi
Transliteration: rahb-BEEN tehr-bee-yeh-SEE/eh-ee-tee-MEE
Doctrine: God’s Fatherly Discipline of His Sons
Rejected alternatives: a retributive-punishment-and-reward reading
Original: παιδεία κυρίου
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 12:5-11, paideia kyriou. Must be taught as loving, formative discipline flowing FROM already-secured sonship, never a merit-earning punishment system reintroducing the amel/mizan framework. Terbiye in ordinary Turkish can carry a corrective-punishment-for-misbehavior connotation; explicit sonship-security framing is mandatory at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjde
Transliteration: MYUZH-deh
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: İncil (bare, unqualified), iyi haber (generic)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 4:2, ‘we too have had the good news proclaimed to us.‘
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmet, keramet, bağış
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at Hebrews 4:16 (throne of grace), 10:29 (outraging the Spirit of grace), 12:15, 12:28, 13:9, 13:25.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: inanç (generic belief)
Original: πίστις
Category: Sin and Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Programmatically defined at Hebrews 11:1 and exemplified throughout ch. 11; object of faith (God’s promise fulfilled in Christ) must remain explicit.
Holy
Approved rendering: Kutsal
Transliteration: koot-SAHL
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: temiz (ritually clean), mübarek (blessed)
Inherited from Romans package. Root for Hebrews’ Kutsal Yer/En Kutsal Yer sanctuary vocabulary (ch. 9) and Kutsallaşma (sanctification, ch. 12).
Saints
Approved rendering: Kutsallar
Transliteration: koot-sahl-LAHR
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: evliyalar (Sufi-tradition holy/saintly figures), azizler (venerated holy figures)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 6:10, ‘you have served the saints.‘
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Kutsallaşma
Transliteration: koot-sahl-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: arınma (ritual purification)
Inherited from Romans package. Root for ἁγιωσύνη (kutsallık, 12:10) and hagiazei (kutsal kılar, 9:13, external sense only).
Intercession
Approved rendering: Aracılık
Transliteration: ah-rah-juh-LUHK
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: şefaat (Islamic intercession, associated with Muhammad’s role on Judgment Day)
Inherited from Romans package. Christ’s continual heavenly intercession, Hebrews 7:25 (‘entyngchanein hyper auton’), must be taught as active, ongoing, and grounded in Christ’s own permanent priesthood — structurally distinct from Muhammad’s future, communal, one-time Judgment-Day şefaat.
Providence
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın yönetimi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn yur-neh-tee-MEE
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: kader (qadar/fatalistic decree), alın yazısı (predetermined fate written on the forehead)
Inherited from Romans package. Root concept behind Hebrews 9:27’s apokeitai (appointed_destiny) — must be rendered with explicit personal-agent language (‘Tanrı tarafından belirlenmiştir’), never as impersonal kader/kısmet.
Law
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yasa
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yah-SAH
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: şeriat (Islamic religious law), Tevrat Yasası (bare ‘Torah law’)
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Load-bearing across Hebrews 7-10; NEVER şeriat, which would relocate the whole priesthood-and-law argument into a competing-religious-legal-systems frame rather than intra-covenantal fulfillment.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAH
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: hata (mistake/error), kusur (flaw/defect)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin and Faith
Inherited from Romans package. The object of Christ’s atoning removal throughout the book (1:3; 2:17; 9:26,28; 10:4,11-12,17-18,26).
Prophet
Approved rendering: Peygamber
Transliteration: pay-gahm-BEHR
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: kahin (soothsayer/fortune-teller)
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 1:1, ‘God spoke to our fathers by the prophets’ — surrounding teaching must show the Son’s revelation as categorically greater, not merely another prophetic instance in the same series.
Called
Approved rendering: Çağrılmış
Transliteration: chah-ruhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: davet edilmiş (invited)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 3:1 (‘holy brothers, sharers in a heavenly calling’) and 9:15 (‘those who are called’).
Calling
Approved rendering: Çağrı
Transliteration: chah-RUH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: davet
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form used at Hebrews 3:1.
Adoption
Approved rendering: Evlatlığa alınma
Transliteration: ev-laht-luh-AH ah-luhn-MAH
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: evlat edinme (bare, without doctrinal qualifier)
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds Hebrews 12:5-11’s discipline_of_the_lord doctrine: discipline flows FROM already-secured sonship, never earns or threatens it.
Glory
Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (divine light, heavily loaded in Islamic and Sufi mysticism as Muhammad’s pre-existent light)
Inherited from Romans package. Root for Hebrews 1:3’s ‘radiance of glory’ (yüceliğin parıltısı) — must avoid any nur/Nur Muhammad resonance.
Repentance
Approved rendering: tövbe
Transliteration: turv-BEH
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Perseverance
Inherited from Matthew package. Relevant at Hebrews 6:1,6 (repentance from dead works) and 12:17 (Esau’s forfeited ‘place for repentance’).
Citizenship
Approved rendering: vatandaşlığımız göklerdedir
Transliteration: vah-tahn-dahsh-luh-uh-MUHZ gurk-lehr-deh-DEER
Doctrine: Heavenly Citizenship
Inherited from Philippians package. Cross-referenced with Hebrews 11:13’s ‘strangers and sojourners’ (yabancılar ve konuklar) — the patriarchs’ not-yet-home self-understanding.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: İmanın getirdiği itaat
Transliteration: ee-mahn-UHN geh-teer-DEE-ee ee-tah-AHT
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: İslam’a (teslimiyet) benzer itaat (submission modeled on Islamic surrender)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Hebrews 5:8-9’s Christ ‘learning obedience through what he suffered’ — distinct from the itaat/islam root-word tension already flagged in the baseline; here it describes Christ’s own submissive obedience, not a general summons to believers alone.
Priestly Order
Approved rendering: Melkisedek düzeni
Transliteration: mel-kee-seh-DEK dyoo-zeh-NEE
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Düzen must convey a distinct priestly CATEGORY/succession-line, not merely a superior individual holding the same kind of office — central to chs. 5-7’s argument.
Throne Of Christ
Approved rendering: taht
Transliteration: TAHT
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-Existence of Christ
Original: θρόνος
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage. God’s own direct address of the Son as possessing an eternal royal throne (1:8, quoting Psalm 45:6-7) — a direct deity claim; teaching material must make the Father-calling-the-Son-‘God’ structure explicit.
Pioneer Of Salvation
Approved rendering: öncü/kurucu
Transliteration: urn-JOO/koo-roo-JOO
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτηρίας / ἀρχηγός
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Renders archegos (2:10, ‘pioneer of salvation’; reused of faith at 12:2). Fix consistently across both objects.
Guarantor
Approved rendering: kefil
Transliteration: keh-FEEL
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original term (reusing a live Turkish legal-financial word). Hebrews 7:22, Christ as the personal legal guarantee of the better covenant; parallels the Colossians borç senedi discipline for concrete legal-metaphor atonement language. Genuine strength: secular commercial Turkish vocabulary maps cleanly here without importing a competing religious frame.
Oath
Approved rendering: ant/yemin
Transliteration: AHNT/yeh-MEEN
Doctrine: Assurance from God’s Unchangeable Oath
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original term. God’s oath to Abraham (6:13-17), guaranteeing the promise beyond mere word — foundational to Perseverance and Assurance; teaching material must connect the oath explicitly to assurance, not leave it a bare historical detail.
Unchangeable
Approved rendering: değişmez
Transliteration: deh-eesh-MEZ
Doctrine: Assurance from God’s Unchangeable Oath
Rejected alternatives: kader-adjacent impersonal fixity
Original: ἀμετάθετον / ἀπαράβατος
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original term. Applied to God’s purpose (6:17-18) and Christ’s priesthood (7:24); must be read as a personal God’s reliable, relational promise-keeping, not impersonal cosmic fixity.
Time Of Setting Right
Approved rendering: düzeltme/yenilenme zamanı
Transliteration: dyoo-zelt-MEH/yeh-nee-len-MEH zah-mah-NUH
Doctrine: The Obsolescence of the Old Covenant
Original: καιρὸς διορθώσεως
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:10, kairos diorthoseos; lower-intensity companion risk to become_obsolete above — same naskh-distinguishing teaching-note requirement applies.
Mosaic Law
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yasa
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yah-SAH
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: şeriat
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original extension of the inherited term (see ‘law’ entry above). Whose priesthood, sacrifices, and legal structure Christ’s priesthood/covenant fulfill (7:11-19,28; 8:4; 9:19,22; 10:1,8).
Change Of Law
Approved rendering: yasanın değişmesi
Transliteration: yah-sah-NUHN deh-eesh-meh-SEE
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: ἀλλαγὴ νόμου (νόμου μετάθεσις)
Category: Covenant
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 7:12, the necessary change of law implied by a change of priesthood; must not be over-generalized into ALL law/moral order changing, only the priestly-covenantal administration.
Blood
Approved rendering: kan
Transliteration: KAHN
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original term. Load-bearing throughout chs. 9-13; must be tracked carefully alongside its qualified forms (his own blood, blood not his own, blood of the covenant) so the argument’s distinctions remain visible.
Cleansing Bodily
Approved rendering: bedensel temizlik
Transliteration: beh-den-SEL teh-meez-LEEK
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: καθαρότης σαρκός / καθαρίζω (bodily sense)
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:9-10,13; must be explicitly qualified as EXTERNAL/ceremonial when describing the old system, kept in sharp contrast with cleanse_the_conscience below. Collapsing this contrast destroys the core passage’s logic.
Conscience
Approved rendering: vicdan
Transliteration: veej-DAHN
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original term. The pivot-word of the whole 9:1-14 argument (also 9:9; 10:2,22; 13:18); must remain the same fixed Turkish word across all five occurrences.
Serve Worship
Approved rendering: tapınmak / tapınma hizmeti
Transliteration: tah-puhn-MAHK / tah-puhn-MAH heez-meh-TEE
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: ibadet etmek (the precise Islamic technical term for ritual worship — forbidden)
Original: λατρεύω / λατρεία
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original term, reusing the John 4:24 baseline’s tapınmak. Renders latreuo/latreia (9:1,6,9,14; 12:28; 13:10). Never ibadet etmek, which would import an Islamic ritual-legal frame.
Holy Places
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yer
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yehr
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits / Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original coinage. Context in each verse must disambiguate outer sanctuary vs. Most Holy Place vs. heaven itself (9:8,12,24-25; 10:19; 13:11); a flat single rendering risks flattening Hebrews’ spatial argument.
Copy Pattern
Approved rendering: örnek
Transliteration: urr-NEK
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: τύπος / ὑπόδειγμα
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Renders typos/hypodeigma (8:5; 9:23); keep consistently distinct from copy_antitype below.
Copy Antitype
Approved rendering: kopya
Transliteration: kohp-YAH
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Renders antitypos at Hebrews 9:24 — SEMANTIC-RANGE TRAP: means ‘copy’ here (the INFERIOR earthly sanctuary), NOT ‘fulfillment’ as at 1 Peter 3:21. Translators must not import the wrong sense from that other NT occurrence.
Shadow
Approved rendering: gölge
Transliteration: gurl-GEH
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: σκιά
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Renders skia (8:5; 10:1); paired with copy_pattern typology language.
Appear Present Oneself
Approved rendering: görünmek / huzura çıkmak
Transliteration: gur-ryoon-MEK / hoo-zoo-RAH chuhk-MAHK
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἐμφανίζω
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:24, emphanizo; grounds Christ’s ongoing, present-tense heavenly ministry on believers’ behalf.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: lütuf tahtı
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF tahk-TUH
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Lütuf. Hebrews 4:16; must not be flattened into a purely judicial seat, losing the mercy-and-grace pairing.
Proof Conviction
Approved rendering: kanıt
Transliteration: kah-NUHT
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Sin and Faith
Hebrews-original coinage. Companion term to hypostasis_polysemy in Hebrews 11:1’s two-part definition of faith (elegchos); requires its own fixed rendering, distinct from hypostasis, so the verse’s structure remains visible.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: imansızlık
Transliteration: ee-mahn-suhz-LUHK
Doctrine: Warning Against Hardened Hearts
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Sin and Faith
Hebrews-original coinage, antonym of inherited İman. Hebrews 3:19, the root cause of Israel’s wilderness exclusion from rest.
Shrink Back To Destruction
Approved rendering: geri çekilip mahvolmak
Transliteration: geh-REE cheh-kee-LEEP mahv-ohl-MAHK
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance
Original: ὑποστολὴ εἰς ἀπώλειαν
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 10:39, the negative alternative to perseverance, contrasted immediately with saving faith in the same verse.
Hold To Public Contempt
Approved rendering: alay konusu etmek/rezil etmek
Transliteration: ah-LIE koh-noo-SOO et-MEK/reh-ZEEL et-MEK
Doctrine: The Severe Warning Against Falling Away
Original: παραδειγματίζω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 6:6; honor/shame resonance is culturally live in the Turkish context.
Drift Away
Approved rendering: sürüklenip gitmek/kayıp gitmek
Transliteration: sur-ryook-leh-NEEP geet-MEK
Doctrine: Warning Against Drifting Away
Original: παραρρέω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 2:1, the first and gentlest of the book’s five major warnings; establishes the tone for the escalating warnings that follow.
Endurance
Approved rendering: sabır/sebat
Transliteration: sah-BUHR/seh-BAHT
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance
Rejected alternatives: a tevekkül-adjacent passive-resignation framing
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Renders hypomone (10:36; 12:1); must convey active, faith-sustained endurance, never passive fatalistic resignation.
Judgment
Approved rendering: yargı
Transliteration: yahr-GUH
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: a vague ‘hesap günü’ left unlinked to Christ’s provision
Original: κρίσις
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:27; 10:27; a genuine, personal, post-mortem divine judgment, must be linked explicitly to Christ’s substitutionary provision (9:28).
Appointed Destiny
Approved rendering: Tanrı tarafından belirlenmiştir
Transliteration: tahn-RUH tah-rah-fun-DAHN beh-leer-len-meesh-TEER
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: kader, kısmet, alın yazısı
Original: ἀπόκειται
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:27, apokeitai. Must be worded with explicit personal-agent language to keep the personal God’s appointment visible, never impersonal qadar-style fate.
Place For Repentance
Approved rendering: tövbe için yer/fırsat
Transliteration: turv-BEH ee-CHEEN yehr/fuhr-SAHT
Doctrine: God’s Fatherly Discipline of His Sons
Original: τόπος μετανοίας
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original extension of inherited tövbe. Hebrews 12:17, Esau’s forfeited birthright consequence — NOT a categorical denial that repentance is possible for anyone; concerns an irreversible forfeited consequence specifically.
Promised Rest
Approved rendering: dinlenme/huzur
Transliteration: deen-len-MEH/hoo-ZOOR
Doctrine: The Promised Rest
Rejected alternatives: huzur alone (false-friend risk already flagged for eirene/peace)
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Renders katapausis (3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,8,10-11), a major structural motif of chs. 3-4. Must be taught as fulfilled in Christ, not collapsed into a legal weekly-observance requirement.
Mount Zion Heavenly Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Siyon Dağı / göksel Yeruşalim
Transliteration: see-YOHN dah-UH / gurk-SEL yeh-roo-shah-LEEM
Doctrine: Mount Zion versus Mount Sinai
Original: Σιὼν ὄρος / Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουρανίῳ
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 12:22, the eschatological gathering-place contrasted with the terrifying Sinai theophany. Must retain the sharp fear-vs-joyful-access contrast; handle ‘Jerusalem’/‘Zion’ with the same geopolitical-sensitivity awareness already documented for İsrail.
Assembly Of Firstborn
Approved rendering: ilk doğanların topluluğu/kilisesi
Transliteration: eelk doh-ahn-lah-RUHN toh-ploo-loo-OO/kee-lee-seh-SEE
Doctrine: Mount Zion versus Mount Sinai
Original: ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Kilise. Hebrews 12:23, the corporate, plural gathering of believers — distinct from Christ’s singular Christological ‘firstborn’ title (1:6); must be disambiguated in teaching notes.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: sarsılmaz Egemenlik
Transliteration: sahr-suhl-MAHZ eh-geh-men-LEEK
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Tanrı’nın Egemenliği. Hebrews 12:28; must not be read as a literal political state (devlet).
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: huzur (inner calm), barış (political/interpersonal peace)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 12:14 and the closing benediction’s ‘esenlik Tanrısı’ (13:20).
Israel
Approved rendering: İsrail
Transliteration: ees-rah-EEL
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 8:8,10 (Jeremiah 31 quotation) and 12:22 (‘Mount Zion… heavenly Jerusalem’) — handle proper-name geopolitical sensitivity per baseline caution.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Egemenliği
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn eh-geh-men-lee-EE
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın devleti (God’s state/nation)
Inherited from Romans package. Root for Hebrews 12:28’s ‘unshakeable kingdom’ (sarsılmaz Egemenlik) — never a literal political state (devlet).
Mercy
Approved rendering: Merhamet
Transliteration: mer-hah-MET
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: rahmet used in a grace-contrast context
Inherited from Galatians package. Relevant at Hebrews 2:17 (‘merciful and faithful high priest’) and 4:16 (‘receive mercy’).
Cross
Approved rendering: Çarmıh
Transliteration: char-MUH
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: sürgü/haç (less standard for this context)
Inherited from Galatians package. Root for Hebrews 6:6’s ‘anastaurow’ (yeniden çarmıha germek, ‘to crucify again’) and 12:2; 13:12-13.
Heir
Approved rendering: Mirasçı
Transliteration: mee-rahs-CHUH
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: a merit-earned-inheritance reading
Inherited from Galatians package. Relevant at Hebrews 1:2 (Christ as heir of all things), 6:17, 11:7 (Noah, ‘heir of righteousness’).
Baptism
Approved rendering: Vaftiz
Transliteration: vahf-TEEZ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: abdest-adjacent ritual-ablution vocabulary
Inherited from Galatians package. Relevant at Hebrews 6:2, ‘instruction about baptisms.‘
Priest Ordinary
Approved rendering: kâhin
Transliteration: kyah-HEEN
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: imam
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Standard term for an ordinary (non-high) priest, including Melchizedek (5:6; 7:1) and Levitical priests generally; kept lexically distinct from başkâhin so the rank-distinction remains visible.
Faithful High Priest
Approved rendering: sadık başkâhin
Transliteration: sah-DUHK bahsh-kyah-HEEN
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πιστὸς ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Qualifying adjective first applied to Christ’s high priesthood at 2:17, paired with ‘merciful’ at 4:15.
Sympathize
Approved rendering: duygudaşlık etmek/halden anlamak
Transliteration: doo-yoo-dahsh-LUHK et-MEK/hahl-DEHN ahn-lah-MAHK
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: συμπαθέω
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 4:15, Christ’s genuine compassion grounded in his own real temptation.
Tested Tempted
Approved rendering: denenmek/sınanmak
Transliteration: deh-nen-MEK/suh-nahn-MAHK
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: πειράζω
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 2:18; 4:15, Christ’s genuine human testing.
Loud Cries And Tears
Approved rendering: yüksek sesle yakararak ve gözyaşlarıyla
Transliteration: yook-SEK sess-LEH yah-kah-rah-RAHK veh gurz-yah-shah-ruh-YLAH
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification for Priesthood Through Suffering
Original: μετὰ κραυγῆς καὶ δακρύων
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 5:7, echoing Gethsemane, grounding Christ’s qualification as sympathetic high priest.
Reverence Eulabeia
Approved rendering: Tanrı korkusu/saygı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH kor-koo-SOO/sigh-GUH
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification for Priesthood Through Suffering
Original: εὐλάβεια
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 5:7, Christ’s reverent submission to the Father.
Weakness Priestly
Approved rendering: zayıflık
Transliteration: zah-yuhf-LUHK
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Hebrews-original coinage. The Levitical high priests’ shared human frailty (5:2-3; 7:28), setting up the contrast with Christ’s sinless qualification.
Angel
Approved rendering: melek
Transliteration: meh-LEK
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original term. No inherent doctrinal collision (angels are affirmed in Islamic theology), but the apparent safety is itself a risk: readers may assimilate Christ to the SAME created category as angels, merely ranked higher, rather than an uncreated Son whom angels worship (1:6). Must stay lexically fixed throughout chs. 1-2, 12.
Great Shepherd
Approved rendering: koyunların büyük çobanı
Transliteration: koh-yoon-lah-RUHN byoo-YOOK choh-bah-NUH
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:20, resurrection-Christology combined with pastoral-care imagery; resonant with the established John 10 shepherd baseline.
Forerunner
Approved rendering: öncü/yol açan
Transliteration: urn-JOO/yohl ah-CHAHN
Doctrine: Assurance from God’s Unchangeable Oath
Original: πρόδρομος
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 6:20, Christ entering heaven ahead of believers, opening the way.
Devil Diabolos
Approved rendering: İblis / Şeytan
Transliteration: eeb-LEES / shay-TAHN
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: διάβολος
Category: Christology
Hebrews-original term. Hebrews 2:14, Satan, whose power over death is broken through Christ’s death; both terms standard and doctrinally uncontroversial across Turkish religious traditions.
Blood Not His Own
Approved rendering: kendisine ait olmayan kan
Transliteration: ken-dee-see-NEH ah-EET ohl-mah-YAHN kahn
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἷμα ἀλλότριον
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:25; keep paired lexically with kendi kanı.
Transgressions
Approved rendering: ihlaller/suçlar
Transliteration: eeh-lahl-LEHR/sooch-LAHR
Doctrine: Covenant Ratification Through Blood
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:15, parabaseis; a distinct nuance from general Günah — covenant-violation specifically.
Eternal Inheritance
Approved rendering: sonsuz miras
Transliteration: son-SOOZ mee-RAHS
Doctrine: Covenant Ratification Through Blood
Hebrews-original coinage (ties to inherited Mirasçı). Hebrews 9:15, aionia kleronomia.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: övgü kurbanı
Transliteration: urv-GYOO koor-bah-NUH
Doctrine: The Closing Benediction
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:15-16, a distinct, NON-atoning use of theusia; must be flagged as separate from Christ’s atoning self-offering established throughout ch. 9 — readers must not conclude the atonement question has been reopened.
Altar
Approved rendering: sunak
Transliteration: soo-NAHK
Doctrine: The Closing Benediction
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:10, the believers’ spiritual altar.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: kusursuz
Transliteration: koo-soor-SOOZ
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:14, amomos, applying OT sacrificial-animal qualification-language to Christ.
Ashes Of Heifer
Approved rendering: düve külü
Transliteration: dyoo-VEH kyoo-LOO
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: σποδὸς δαμάλεως
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:13, referencing the Numbers 19 red heifer rite; requires an explanatory teaching note for readers with low OT narrative literacy.
Sprinkle
Approved rendering: serpmek
Transliteration: sehrp-MEK
Doctrine: Covenant Ratification Through Blood
Original: ῥαντίζω
Category: Atonement
Hebrews-original term. Ceremonial sprinkling of blood/ash-water (9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24); keep fixed across all occurrences.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: Tapınma Çadırı
Transliteration: tah-puhn-MAH chah-duh-RUH
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: σκηνή
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original coinage. Must stay distinct from kilise (church) and generic çadır; fix this rendering across chs. 8-9, 13.
Holy Of Holies
Approved rendering: En Kutsal Yer
Transliteration: ehn koot-SAHL yehr
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: ἅγια ἁγίων
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original coinage. Must be visually/lexically distinct from Kutsal Yer above.
True Real
Approved rendering: gerçek/hakiki
Transliteration: gher-CHEK/hah-kee-KEE
Doctrine: The Earthly Sanctuary and Its Inherent Limits
Original: ἀληθινός
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original term. Renders alethinos, the heavenly originals as opposed to earthly copies (8:2; 9:24).
Face Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın huzuru
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-NUHN hoo-zoo-ROO
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: huzur alone (risks false-friend collision with ‘inner calm’ already flagged for eirene/peace)
Original: τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Sanctuary and Access
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 9:24; disambiguate with the possessive phrase so it reads ‘presence of God,’ not ‘calm feeling.‘
Unapproved Worthless
Approved rendering: değersiz/reddedilmiş
Transliteration: deh-ehr-SEEZ/red-deh-deel-MEESH
Doctrine: The Severe Warning Against Falling Away
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Apostasy and Warning
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 6:8, adokimos, the negative outcome of an agricultural failed-test metaphor.
Testify Commended
Approved rendering: tanıklık almak/onaylanmak
Transliteration: tah-nuhk-LUHK ahl-MAHK/oh-nie-lahn-MAHK
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: μαρτυρέω
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. The recurring martyreo refrain across ch. 11 (11:2,4,5,39); keep consistent across the chapter’s repeated structure.
Strangers And Sojourners
Approved rendering: yabancılar ve konuklar/göçmenler
Transliteration: yah-bahn-juh-LAHR veh kohn-ook-LAHR/gurch-men-LEHR
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage, ties to the inherited citizenship doctrine. Hebrews 11:13, the patriarchs’ not-yet-home self-understanding; explicit cross-reference required to Philippians 3:20’s vatandaşlığımız göklerdedir.
Anchor
Approved rendering: çapa
Transliteration: chah-PAH
Doctrine: Assurance from God’s Unchangeable Oath
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 6:19, a vivid, concrete image of stability, low collision risk.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: Şabat dinlenmesi
Transliteration: shah-BAHT deen-len-meh-SEE
Doctrine: The Promised Rest
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Perseverance
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 4:9, sabbatismos; note the surface parallel to weekly Sabbath observance without collapsing this into a legal-calendar requirement, per the Galatians elemental_principles caution.
Marriage Honorable
Approved rendering: evlilik onurlu sayılsın
Transliteration: ev-lee-LEEK oh-noor-LOO sie-uhl-SUHN
Doctrine: Practical Christian Ethics
Original: γάμος τίμιος
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:4; parallels the Ephesians/Colossians household-code material without repeating the submission-language sensitivities, since no such language is present here.
Leaders
Approved rendering: önderler
Transliteration: urn-dehr-LEHR
Doctrine: Practical Christian Ethics
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:7,17,24, church leadership; distinct from the obedience_of_faith itaat/islam-root caution — ordinary ecclesial submission to appointed leaders.
Diverse Strange Teachings
Approved rendering: çeşitli ve yabancı öğretiler
Transliteration: cheh-shee-TLEE veh yah-bahn-JUH ur-ret-ee-LEHR
Doctrine: Practical Christian Ethics
Original: διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:9, tied to dietary regulation; parallels the Colossians philosophy_and_empty_deceit and Mark 7 dietary-freedom cautions — not a blanket anti-tradition statement.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: ordugahın/kentin dışında
Transliteration: or-doo-gah-HUHN/ken-TEEN duh-shuhn-DAH
Doctrine: The Closing Benediction
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:12-13, Christ’s suffering ‘outside the gate,’ typologically tied to the sin-offering disposed of outside the camp.
Birthright
Approved rendering: ilk oğulluk hakkı
Transliteration: eelk oh-ool-LOOK hahk-KUH
Doctrine: God’s Fatherly Discipline of His Sons
Original: πρωτοτόκια
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 12:16, prototokia, Esau’s forfeited birthright; distinct referent from prototokos (firstborn Christological title) despite sharing the same root — flag the shared root but keep the two clearly distinguished.
Living Active Word
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın sözü diri ve etkilidir
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-NUHN sur-ZOO dee-REE veh et-kee-lee-DEER
Doctrine: The Promised Rest
Original: ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργὴς ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 4:12, a famous, frequently quoted verse; standard rendering, low collision risk.
God Of Peace
Approved rendering: esenlik Tanrısı
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK tahn-ruh-SUH
Doctrine: The Closing Benediction
Original: ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage, reuses inherited Esenlik. Hebrews 13:20, closing benediction.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Paydaşlık
Transliteration: pie-dahsh-LUHK
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kardeşlik (brotherhood, too generic/political)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 13:16, ‘doing good and sharing (koinonia).’
Exhort
Approved rendering: Teşvik etmek
Transliteration: tesh-VEEK et-MEK
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at Hebrews 13:22, ‘word of exhortation’ (teşvik sözü).
Melchizedek Name
Approved rendering: Melkisedek
Transliteration: mel-kee-seh-DEK
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
Proper name; established Turkish Bible transliteration for the Genesis 14 priest-king, type of Christ’s eternal, non-Levitical priesthood (chs. 5-7).
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: kardeş sevgisi
Transliteration: kahr-DESH sev-gee-SEE
Doctrine: Practical Christian Ethics
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:1, opening the closing chapter’s practical instructions.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: konukseverlik
Transliteration: koh-nook-seh-vehr-LEEK
Doctrine: Practical Christian Ethics
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 13:2, with the possibility of unknowingly hosting angels.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: tanıklar bulutu
Transliteration: tah-nuhk-LAHR boo-loo-TOO
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Community and Ethics
Hebrews-original coinage. Hebrews 12:1, the ch. 11 saints pictured as surrounding witnesses.
Referenced passages