Core Glossary
Titus — Core Glossary
Per-term glossary for the full book of Titus (1:1–3:15), citing terms from every chapter. Terms marked REUSE carry their rendering forward from the baseline translation_memory.json exactly, unchanged. Terms marked NEW are proposed additions for this book’s translation memory, with a risk tier assigned using the same framework as bible_term_registry.json (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
| # | English Term | Greek (transliteration) | Turkish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Refs | Notes / Forbidden Substitutions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grace | χάρις (charis) | Lütuf | REUSE | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:11; 3:7, 15 | Never rahmet. Personified as an active “trainer” in 2:12 — must remain grammatical subject of training. |
| 2 | Appeared / manifested (epiphany-verb) | ἐπιφαίνω (epephanē) | göründü | NEW | Medium | Grace That Trains; Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 2:11, 13; 3:4 | Historical, visible manifestation, not vague favor; keep consistent across all three occurrences. |
| 3 | Bringing salvation (adj.) | σωτήριος (sōtērios) | kurtarıcı (sıfat) | NEW | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:11 | Built on Kurtuluş root; must not be diluted to generic well-being. |
| 4 | Training / disciplining | παιδεύω (paideuousa) | eğitiyor / yetiştiriyor | NEW | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Grace, not the believer’s self-effort, must remain the subject; guard against amel/mizan reintroduction. |
| 5 | Ungodliness | ἀσέβεια (asebeian) | tanrısızlık | NEW | Medium | Grace That Trains | 2:12 | — |
| 6 | Worldly passions | κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι (kosmikas epithymias) | dünyasal tutkular | NEW | Low-Medium | Grace That Trains | 2:12 | — |
| 7 | Self-controlled (adv./adj.) | σωφρόνως / σώφρων (sōphronōs, family) | kendine hakim / sağduyulu | NEW | Medium | Grace That Trains; Qualifications for Elders | 1:8; 2:2, 4, 5, 6, 12 | Establish one consistent rendering across all occurrences of this word family. |
| 8 | Righteousness / righteously | δικαιοσύνη / δικαίως (dikaiōs) | Doğruluk (root) | REUSE | High/Critical | Grace That Trains; Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:12; 3:5 | Never salih amel or a deeds-ledger sense. |
| 9 | Godliness / godly | εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς (eusebōs) | Tanrı yoluna bağlılık / Tanrı yolunda | NEW | High | Grace That Trains | 1:1; 2:12 | Must be distinguished from generic dindarlık; grace/Spirit-produced, not self-generated piety. |
| 10 | Present age | ὁ νῦν αἰών (nyn aiōni) | şimdiki çağ | NEW | Low | Grace That Trains | 2:12 | — |
| 11 | Blessed hope | μακαρία ἐλπίς (makarian elpida) | kutlu umut | NEW | Low-Medium | Grace That Trains | 2:13 | — |
| 12 | Glory | δόξα (doxa) | Yücelik | REUSE | High | Deity of Christ (cross-reference) | 2:13 | Never nur. |
| 13 | Great God and Savior [Jesus Christ] | ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ (tou megalou theou kai sōtēros) | büyük Tanrımız ve Kurtarıcımız İsa Mesih | NEW | Critical | Deity of Christ / Sonship of Christ (cross-reference) | 2:13 | Granville Sharp construction: single referent, both titles apply to Jesus. Never split into two persons in translation. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 14 | Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Kurtarıcı | NEW | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:3, 4; 2:10, 13; 3:4, 6 | Applied to both the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and the Son (2:13; 3:6) — deliberate Trinitarian data point; teach both occurrences together. |
| 15 | Gave himself | ἔδωκεν ἑαυτόν (edōken heauton) | Kendini feda etti | REUSE | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Direction of gift: God/Christ to sinner, never reverse (no kurban-to-God misreading). |
| 16 | Redeem | λυτρόω (lytrōsētai) | Kurtarmak | REUSE | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | — |
| 17 | Lawlessness | ἀνομία (anomias) | yasasızlık | NEW | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Distinguish from Kutsal Yasa’nın işleri (works of the [Mosaic] law) — different word-field. |
| 18 | Purify | καθαρίζω (katharisē) | temizlesin | NEW | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Cross-reference Mark 7:15 baseline term (nothing_outside_defiles). |
| 19 | People for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος (laon periousion) | kendine ait bir halk | NEW | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | OT covenant echo (Exodus 19:5); needs background teaching. |
| 20 | Good works | καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα (kalōn/agathōn ergōn) | iyi işler | REUSE | High/Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:16; 2:7, 10, 14; 3:1, 8, 14 | Never salih amel or amel-mizan framing; fruit, not ground, of salvation throughout. |
| 21 | Not of works | οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων (ouk ex ergōn) | iyi işlerin sonucu değildir | REUSE | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Direct parallel to Ephesians 2:9; denial is absolute. |
| 22 | Zeal / zealous | ζηλωτής (zēlōtēn) | Gayret (root) | REUSE | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:14 | — |
| 23 | Exhort | παρακαλέω (parakalei) | Teşvik etmek | REUSE | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:6, 15 | — |
| 24 | Rebuke | ἐλέγχω (elegche) | azarla / paylat | NEW | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9, 13; 2:15 | Consistent rendering across all three occurrences. |
| 25 | Authority / command | ἐπιταγή (epitagēs) | yetki | NEW | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:3; 2:15 | — |
| 26 | Submission to authority | ὑποτάσσεσθαι (hypotassesthai) | yetkililere bağımlı olmak | NEW | Critical | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Adapts baseline Ephesians submission-vocabulary to civil-government referent. Not blanket unconditional obedience; never license coercive state authority over conscience. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review. |
| 27 | Rulers and authorities (civil) | ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι (archais exousiais) | yönetimler ve yetkililer | NEW | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Disambiguate from Ephesians 6:12’s cosmic “principalities and powers” — same Greek roots, different referent. |
| 28 | Obey (authority) | πειθαρχέω (peitharchein) | sözünü dinlemek / boyun eğmek | NEW | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | — |
| 29 | Speak evil of / slander (people) | βλασφημέω (blasphēmein) | kötülemek | NEW | Medium | Submission to Authority; Sound Doctrine | 2:5; 3:2 | MUST be rendered differently from küfür (reserved for blasphemy_against_the_spirit, Matthew 12:31-32) — distinct sense, mandatory disambiguation. |
| 30 | Gentleness / meekness | πραΰτης (prautēta) | yumuşaklık | NEW | Low | Submission to Authority | 3:2 | — |
| 31 | Slaves to passions (negative bondage) | δουλεύω (douleuontes epithymiais) | tutkulara köle | NEW | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:3 | Reuses köle/kölelik family (never kul) per Galatians rule — negative bondage sense. |
| 32 | Goodness | χρηστότης (chrēstotēs) | iyilik | NEW | Low-Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:4 | — |
| 33 | Loving kindness / love of mankind | φιλανθρωπία (philanthrōpia) | insana olan sevgi | NEW | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:4 | Rare NT word; God’s own character, not human philanthropic virtue. |
| 34 | Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | Merhamet | REUSE | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Distinct from Lütuf (grace); ordinary mercy vocabulary, not merit-and-mercy Islamic soteriological frame. |
| 35 | Saved (verb) | σῴζω (esōsen) | kurtardı | NEW (verb form of REUSE root) | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Root Kurtuluş reused exactly. |
| 36 | Washing of regeneration | λουτρὸν παλιγγενεσίας (loutrou palingenesias) | yeniden doğuş yıkaması | NEW | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Direct counterpart to John 3’s “born_from_above” baseline term. Intersects with Vaftiz (baptism) and the live baptismal-regeneration ecumenical debate — render accurately, flag, do NOT adjudicate the confessional dispute in the text. |
| 37 | Renewal of the Holy Spirit | ἀνακαίνωσις πνεύματος ἁγίου (anakainōseōs pneumatos hagiou) | Kutsal Ruh’un yenilenmesi | NEW | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Kutsal Ruh reused exactly. Distinguish from ongoing Kutsallaşma (sanctification) while showing continuity; Spirit’s own personal divine work, never an impersonal force or Gabriel. |
| 38 | Poured out | ἐκχέω (execheen) | döktü | NEW | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:6 | Preserve concrete Pentecost-echo imagery (Joel 2 / Acts 2). |
| 39 | Justified | δικαιόω (dikaiōthentes) | Aklanma (verb form) | REUSE | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 | Forensic-legal declaration, never mere pardon. |
| 40 | Heirs | κληρονόμος (klēronomoi) | Mirasçı | REUSE | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 | Full legal inheritance, never merit-earned. |
| 41 | Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōēs aiōniou) | Sonsuz yaşam | REUSE | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:2; 3:7 | — |
| 42 | Trustworthy is the saying (fixed formula) | Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (Pistos ho logos) | Bu söz güvenilirdir | NEW | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:8 | Fixed Pastoral-Epistles formula; establish now for future Timothy curricula. |
| 43 | Believed [in] God | πεπιστευκότες θεῷ (pepisteukotes theō) | Tanrı’ya iman etmiş olanlar | NEW (phrase built on REUSE root) | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:8 | İman root reused exactly. |
| 44 | Servant/slave of God (positive self-designation) | δοῦλος θεοῦ (doulos theou) | Tanrı’nın kulu | NEW — crux term, theologian decision flagged | High | Qualifications for Elders (apostolic authority backdrop) | 1:1 | Positive apostolic self-title — recommend kul (following Romans 1:1 Kitabı Mukaddes precedent), explicitly distinct from the negative-bondage köle/kölelik used elsewhere in this same letter (2:3; 3:3). Document both usages side by side to prevent translator confusion. |
| 45 | Elect of God | ἐκλεκτοὶ θεοῦ (eklektōn theou) | Tanrı’nın seçtikleri (root: Tanrı’nın seçimi) | REUSE root | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:1 | Never kader/kısmet. |
| 46 | God who does not lie | ὁ ἀψευδὴς θεός (ho apseudēs theos) | yalan söylemeyen Tanrı | NEW | Medium-High | Inspiration/truthfulness of Scripture (backdrop) | 1:2 | Apologetic relevance to the tahrif (corruption) objection. |
| 47 | Promised | ἐπαγγέλλομαι (epēngeilato) | Vaat (root) | REUSE | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:2 | — |
| 48 | Manifested / made known | φανερόω (ephanerōsen) | açıkladı | NEW | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:3 | Distinguish from ἐπιφαίνω (göründü) family; related but separate Greek verb. |
| 49 | Elders (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyterous) | İhtiyarlar | NEW | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | Disambiguate from ordinary “elderly person” sense and from muhtar (secular village-headman office). Same office as ἐπίσκοπος (below) — teach the equivalence explicitly. |
| 50 | Overseer (church office) | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopon) | Gözetmen | NEW | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Same office as πρεσβύτερος (1:5); ecclesial supervisory role, not political/governance title. |
| 51 | Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ (mias gynaikos anēr) | tek eşli / bir kadının kocası olan | NEW | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6 | Genuine point of contrast with the Islamic legal allowance of up to four wives; frame as positive marital-fidelity character qualification. Intersects with Medeni Kanun sensitivity (cf. Ephesians household code). |
| 52 | Not submissive / insubordinate | ἀνυπότακτος (anypotakta) | boyun eğmeyen | NEW | Medium | Qualifications for Elders; Submission to Authority | 1:6, 10 | Negation of the ὑποτάσσω family (see #26). |
| 53 | Devout / holy (character) | ὅσιος (hosion) | dindar / Tanrı’ya bağlı | NEW | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:8 | Deliberately distinguished from ἅγιος/Kutsal — a real, separate Greek term. |
| 54 | Sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousē didaskalia) | sağlam öğreti | NEW | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8 | Pastoral-Epistles signature phrase; hold one consistent Turkish rendering across every occurrence. |
| 55 | Circumcision party | οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς (hoi ek tēs peritomēs) | Sünnet (root) çevresinden olanlar | REUSE root | Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (backdrop) | 1:10 | Homonym-collision caution with Sunnah retained; qualify as “bedensel sünnet” per existing rule. |
| 56 | [Pagan] prophet (loose sense) | προφήτης (prophētēs) | kendi peygamberlerinden biri | NEW, mandatory disambiguation | Medium | (background — Inspiration of Scripture contrast) | 1:12 | Paul’s loose, complimentary quotation of Epimenides; must NOT imply canonical prophetic status. Mandatory translator note. |
| 57 | Jewish myths | Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι (Ioudaikois mythois) | Yahudi efsaneleri | NEW | Medium-High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies (backdrop) | 1:14 | Historical-sensitivity framing required; anchored to a specific first-century controversy, not a general statement about Jewish people or tradition. |
| 58 | Pure / defiled | καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος (kathara / memiammenois) | temiz / kirlenmiş | NEW | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (backdrop) | 1:15 | Cross-reference the Mark 7:15 baseline term (nothing_outside_defiles); avoid ritual-purity (tahara-adjacent) misreading. |
| 59 | Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | vicdan | NEW | Low | (background) | 1:15 | Straightforward equivalent. |
| 60 | Unfit for good work | ἀδόκιμος (adokimoi) | layık olmayan | NEW | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:16 | Direct negation of the good_works doctrine; stark closing contrast. |
| 61 | Older men / older women (age-based, not office) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις (presbytas / presbytidas) | yaşlı erkekler / yaşlı kadınlar | NEW | Medium | Qualifications for Elders (disambiguation) | 2:2–3 | Etymologically related to but functionally distinct from İhtiyarlar (church office, #49) — flag risk of translator confusion explicitly. |
| 62 | Steadfastness / endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | sabır / dayanıklılık | NEW | Medium | Grace That Trains | 2:2 | — |
| 63 | Reverent (rare, “priestly”) | ἱεροπρεπής (hieroprepeis) | kutsala yaraşır | NEW | Low-Medium | Qualifications for Elders (household) | 2:3 | Only NT occurrence; note rarity. |
| 64 | Slanderer (common noun) | διάβολος (diabolous, common-noun sense) | dedikoducu / iftiracı | NEW | Medium | (household code, backdrop) | 2:3 | MUST be disambiguated from the proper title Şeytan (same Greek word). Mandatory translator note. |
| 65 | Submission (marriage, household code) | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassomenas / hypotassesthai) | eşinize bağımlı olun (root); köleler/efendiler (slaves/masters) | REUSE exactly | Critical/High | Submission to Authority (household expression) | 2:5, 9 | Same mandatory dual review (theologian + native speaker) as the baseline Ephesians household code. |
| 66 | Adorn the doctrine | κοσμέω (kosmōsin) | öğretiyi süslesinler | NEW | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:10 | Deliberate metaphor; explain rather than flatten. |
| 67 | Foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις (mōras zētēseis) | ahmakça tartışmalar | NEW | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Core term for this doctrine. |
| 68 | Genealogies | γενεαλογίαι (genealogias) | soy kütükleri | NEW | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Historical-critical note; do not draw an unwarranted parallel to nesep/silsile lineage traditions. |
| 69 | Quarrels about the law | μάχαι νομικαί (machas nomikas) | Yasa üzerine kavgalar | NEW | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Reuses Kutsal Yasa root. |
| 70 | Divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος (hairetikon anthrōpon) | bölücü kişi | NEW | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | Etymological root of “heretic,” but deliberately rendered with a milder, socially descriptive Turkish term to avoid importing later doctrinal-condemnation categories not present in this verse. Flag for theologian review. |
| 71 | Self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος (autokatakritos) | kendi kendini mahkûm eden | NEW | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:11 | — |
| 72 | Grace [benediction] | χάρις (charis) | Lütuf | REUSE | High | (closing benediction) | 3:15 | Identical to #1; closing formula. |
Coverage confirmation: This table cites at least one term from every chapter of Titus (1, 2, 3) and from every section of the core passage (2:11–3:8), consistent with the full-book coverage mandate. Terms 1, 3, 8, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 34, 39, 40, 41, 47, 55, 65, 72 reuse baseline translation_memory.json renderings exactly, with no deviation. All remaining terms are proposed NEW entries for this book’s extension of translation memory, each assigned a risk tier for Phase 2 routing.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Doğruluk
Transliteration: doh-roo-LOOK
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (righteous deeds), adalet (justice, generic)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Root reused adverbially at Titus 2:12 (doğrulukla, fruit of grace-produced character) and directly at 3:5 (‘works done by us in righteousness’). Never salih amel; this is never a deeds-ledger category in either occurrence.
Justification
Approved rendering: Aklanma
Transliteration: ahk-lahn-MAH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: günahların affı (forgiveness of sins, alone), temize çıkma (colloquial ‘being cleared’)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Verb form ‘dikaiōthentes’ at Titus 3:7 (justified). Forensic-legal declaration, never mere pardon and never a good-deeds-outweigh-bad-deeds verdict.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Kurtuluş
Transliteration: koor-too-LOOSH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: cennete girmek (entering paradise, as the whole content), necat (Ottoman/Arabic register)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Root underlies sōtērios/sōtēr/saved-verb throughout Titus (1:3, 4; 2:10, 11, 13; 3:4, 5, 6). Kurtuluş is present, Christ-secured deliverance, never a synonym for a deferred, uncertain Judgment-Day ‘hoping to enter cennet.‘
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh
Transliteration: koot-SAHL ROOH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Cebrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Core term for Titus 3:5-6 (‘renewal of the Holy Spirit,’ ‘poured out … through Jesus Christ’). Must be taught as God himself, the third Person of the Trinity, never the archangel Gabriel/Cebrail, at every occurrence in this book.
Abrahamic Covenant And Promise
Approved rendering: Vaat
Transliteration: vah-AHT
Doctrine: Truthfulness of God and the Reliability of His Promise
Rejected alternatives: sevap-earned reward framing
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly (root). Titus 1:2: God ‘promised’ (epēngeilato) eternal life before the ages began. God’s unilateral pledge, never a merit-conditioned boon.
Atonement Curse Bearing
Approved rendering: Kendini feda etti
Transliteration: ken-dee-NEE feh-DAH et-TEE
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: kurban etti (offered as a Kurban-Bayramı-style sacrifice TO God, direction reversed)
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 2:14: ‘who gave himself for us.’ Direction of the gift runs from Christ to sinners, never the reverse.
Not Of Works
Approved rendering: iyi işlerin sonucu değildir
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-leh-REEN soh-noo-JOO deh-eel-DEER
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: salih amel değildir (imports the specific Islamic righteous-deeds category)
Original: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Ephesians package, reused exactly. Titus 3:5: ‘not because of works done by us in righteousness.’ Direct parallel to Ephesians 2:9; the denial is absolute, never a statement of works being merely insufficient-but-partially-relevant as in a salih amel/mizan framework.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: Sünnet
Transliteration: soon-NET
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: no viable alternative word exists; risk is mitigated by mandatory qualification, not substitution
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 1:10: ‘those of the circumcision party.’ Retains the Critical homonym-collision caution with Sünnet (the Prophet’s normative example/Sunnah) and sünnet düğünü; qualify as ‘bedensel sünnet’ per the existing baseline rule even in this brief backdrop reference.
Submission
Approved rendering: birbirinize bağımlı olun / eşinize bağımlı olun
Transliteration: beer-bee-ree-nee-ZEH bah-uhm-LUH oh-LOON / eh-shee-nee-ZEH bah-uhm-LUH oh-LOON
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: itaat edin (stronger obedience sense, loses the mutuality frame)
Inherited from Ephesians package, reused exactly. Titus 2:5 applies the marriage-submission form (‘eşinize bağımlı olun’) to younger wives. Same mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review requirement as the Ephesians marriage passage applies here without reduction, given the intersection with Turkey’s 1926 Medeni Kanun and contemporary family-law debate.
Born From Above
Approved rendering: yeniden doğmadıkça
Transliteration: yeh-nee-DEHN doh-mah-duhk-CHAH
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Inherited from John package, reused exactly as a cross-reference. Titus 3:5’s ‘washing of regeneration’ (see washing_of_regeneration below) is this letter’s own distinct image for the same underlying doctrine already anchored at John 3; teach the cross-reference explicitly as reinforcing, not introducing, the doctrine.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peygamber’ (Prophet Jesus, without Mesih)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Always paired with Mesih (İsa Mesih) throughout Titus (1:1, 4; 2:13; 3:6), never used alone in doctrinally significant contexts.
God
Approved rendering: Tanrı
Transliteration: tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah (theologically usable but politically/socially contested for Christian texts in some contexts)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Throughout Titus, applied to the Father (1:1-3; 3:4) and, in the Critical Granville Sharp construction of 2:13, directly to Jesus Christ (see great_god_and_savior below).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın Oğlu
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn oh-LOO
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı’nın sevgili kulu (God’s beloved servant), kutsal kişi (holy person)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly, as a cross-reference term. Not the specific phrase used in Titus 2:13 (which uses the Granville Sharp ‘great God and Savior’ construction, see great_god_and_savior below), but essential background for the same underlying deity-of-Christ doctrine this book confronts.
My Lord And My God
Approved rendering: Rabbim ve Tanrım!
Transliteration: rahb-BEEM veh tahn-RUHM
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from John package, reused exactly as a cross-reference. Titus 2:13’s Granville Sharp construction (‘our great God and Savior Jesus Christ’) is structurally equivalent to this baseline Critical term (John 20:28); teaching material should draw the parallel explicitly.
Blasphemy Against The Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruh’a karşı söylenen küfür
Transliteration: ROOH-ah kahr-SHUH sur-leh-nehn kyoo-FYOOR
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Inherited from Matthew package, reused exactly as a FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION REFERENCE, not as a term occurring in Titus itself. Küfür must never be used to render the ordinary interpersonal blasphēmeō of Titus 2:5 and 3:2 (see speak_evil_interpersonal below); reserved exclusively for this Matthew 12:31-32 sense.
Father
Approved rendering: Baba
Transliteration: bah-BAH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Yaratıcı (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Titus 1:4’s salutation names ‘God the Father’ alongside ‘Christ Jesus our Savior’ — teach alongside the savior_title doctrine note that Titus applies parallel divine titles to both Father and Son without conflating their distinct Persons.
Grace Trains
Approved rendering: eğitiyor / yetiştiriyor
Transliteration: eh-ee-TEE-yohr / yeh-tish-tee-REE-yohr
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: terbiye ediyor (carries child-rearing/moral-correction connotations echoing Islamic tarbiyah, a duty-and-reward pedagogical framework), zorluyor / emrediyor (implies external legal compulsion)
Original: παιδεύω (παιδεύουσα)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. THE SINGLE HIGHEST-STAKES TERM IN THIS BOOK. Titus 2:12: grace (Lütuf) is the grammatical SUBJECT of paideuousa (‘training us’). The Turkish must preserve this exact subject-verb relationship: ‘Lütuf bizi eğitiyor,’ never ‘biz Lütuf sayesinde kendimizi eğitmeliyiz,’ which would relocate agency to human self-effort and reintroduce the amel/mizan (deeds-weighed-at-judgment) framework this Language Package forbids. Turkish’s pro-drop, agglutinative sentence structure makes this silent subject-relocation easier to introduce by accident than in English — mandate an explicit Phase 2 validation check. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: büyük Tanrımız ve Kurtarıcımız İsa Mesih
Transliteration: boo-YOOK tahn-ruh-MUHZ veh koor-tah-ruh-juh-MUHZ ee-SAH meh-SEEH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Great God and Savior)
Rejected alternatives: büyük Tanrı ve [ayrı olarak] Kurtarıcımız İsa Mesih (any rendering inserting a conjunction or comma implying two separate referents)
Original: ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. HIGHEST-RISK GRAMMATICAL-THEOLOGICAL TERM IN THE BOOK. Titus 2:13 is a Granville Sharp construction: a single Greek article governs both ‘great God’ and ‘Savior,’ identifying them as ONE referent, Jesus Christ. Structurally equivalent to the baseline’s John 20:28 (‘Rabbim ve Tanrım’). Direct, unqualified deity-of-Christ statement and the single sharpest tawhid confrontation in this book. Turkish’s flexible word order and lack of a definite article make the two-referent misreading structurally easier to introduce by accident than in English — mandate a fixed Phase 2 validation rule checking for any inserted disjunctive particle. Mandatory theologian review on every occurrence, no exceptions.
Submission To Civil Authority
Approved rendering: yetkililere bağımlı olmak
Transliteration: yet-kee-lee-leh-REH bah-uhm-LUH ohl-MAHK
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: kesinlikle itaat edin (unconditional-obedience wording that would license coercive state authority over conscience)
Original: ἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις ὑποτάσσεσθαι
Category: Household Code
NEW. CORE TERM for this doctrine. Titus 3:1: ‘Remind them to be submissive to rulers and authorities.’ Adapts the same verbal root already handled Critically in the baseline Ephesians household-code package (hypotassesthai) to a CIVIL-GOVERNMENT referent. Not blanket, unconditional political obedience; must never be taught as license for coercive state authority to demand what belongs to God alone. Given Turkey’s own modern history of civil-military relations and religion-state tension, this requires MANDATORY theologian AND native-speaker review, parallel to the Ephesians marriage-submission escalation.
Saved Verb
Approved rendering: kurtardı
Transliteration: koor-tahr-DUH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: σῴζω (ἔσωσεν)
Category: Salvation
NEW verb form built on the REUSE Kurtuluş root. Titus 3:5: God ‘saved us,’ explicitly NOT on the basis of works done in righteousness. Anchors the Critical doctrine at its most explicit point in this book.
Washing Of Regeneration
Approved rendering: yeniden doğuş yıkaması
Transliteration: yeh-nee-DEHN doh-OOSH yuh-kah-mah-SUH
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: any rendering that adjudicates the baptismal-regeneration confessional dispute one way or the other in the translated text itself
Original: λουτρὸν παλιγγενεσίας
Category: Salvation
NEW. Titus 3:5 (loutron palingenesias). Direct conceptual counterpart to the baseline’s John 3 born_from_above doctrine. Also inescapably connected to Vaftiz (baptism), raising the genuine, longstanding ECUMENICAL question of baptismal regeneration that divides Protestant traditions among this curriculum’s own Turkish readership. The translation must render the Greek accurately WITHOUT adjudicating this confessional dispute in the text itself — flagged, not adjudicated, consistent with the Words of Institution and Cry of Dereliction precedent. Mandatory theologian review with an explicit note that the phrase is deliberately left theologically open.
Renewal Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Kutsal Ruh’un yenilenmesi
Transliteration: koot-SAHL roo-HOON yeh-nee-len-meh-SEE
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις πνεύματος ἁγίου
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW CORE TERM for this doctrine. Titus 3:5 (anakainōsis pneumatos hagiou). Kutsal Ruh reused exactly. Must be taught as the Holy Spirit’s own personal, divine renewing work — continuous with the baseline’s insistence that the Spirit is God himself, never the archangel Gabriel/Cebrail — not a human self-improvement process. Distinguish this one-time, inaugurating renewal from the baseline’s ongoing Kutsallaşma (sanctification) doctrine while showing their continuity; a reader could otherwise conflate a single decisive new-birth event with a lifelong gradual process.
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: Sünnet çevresinden olanlar
Transliteration: soon-NET cheh-vreh-seen-DEHN oh-lahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW phrase built on the REUSE Sünnet root. Titus 1:10 (hoi ek tēs peritomēs): Judaizing false teachers Titus must silence. Retains the Critical homonym-collision caution with Sünnet (Sunnah) and sünnet düğünü; qualify as ‘bedensel sünnet’ per the existing baseline rule even in this brief backdrop reference.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütuf
Transliteration: lyoo-TOOF
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmet, keramet, bağış
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. In Titus 2:11-12, Lütuf is personified as the grammatical AGENT of ‘training’ (see grace_trains below) — must remain the subject, never relocated to human self-effort. Also recurs at 3:7, 15. Never rahmet, which is compatible with a merit-and-mercy framework foreign to Titus 3:5’s absolute denial of works.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: inanç (generic belief)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Recurs at Titus 1:1, 4, 13; 2:2; 3:8 (‘those who have believed God,’ see believed_god below). The object of faith (God/Christ) must remain explicit per baseline caution.
Holy
Approved rendering: Kutsal
Transliteration: koot-SAHL
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: temiz (ritually clean), mübarek (blessed)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Reserved exclusively for hagios-family terms in Titus; deliberately distinguished from hosios (devout, see devout_hosios below), a real, separate Greek word Titus 1:8 uses.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Kutsallaşma
Transliteration: koot-sahl-lahsh-MAH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: arınma (ritual purification)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Deliberately distinguished in Titus teaching material from the inaugurating, one-time renewal_of_holy_spirit (3:5) — ongoing sanctification is continuous with, but distinct from, that decisive regenerating act.
Glory
Approved rendering: Yücelik
Transliteration: yoo-jeh-LEEK
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (divine light, heavily loaded in Islamic and Sufi mysticism)
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Titus 2:13: ‘the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.’ Never nur.
Election
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın seçimi
Transliteration: tahn-RUH-nuhn seh-chee-MEE
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: kader (fate/predestination in the qadar sense), kısmet
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Root for Titus 1:1’s ‘God’s elect’ (eklektoi theou, see elect_of_god below). Never kader/kısmet.
Redemption
Approved rendering: Kurtarmak
Transliteration: koor-tahr-MAHK
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 2:14: ‘to redeem us from all lawlessness.’ Consistent with Kurtuluş; an accomplished transaction.
Good Works
Approved rendering: iyi işler
Transliteration: ee-YEE eesh-LEHR
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: salih amel (imports the Islamic deeds-weighed-at-judgment category)
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Ephesians package, reused exactly. The single most recurring term in Titus (1:16; 2:7, 10, 14; 3:1, 8, 14 — 7 occurrences across 3 short chapters). Every occurrence must preserve the fruit-not-ground ordering established at Ephesians 2:9-10: redemption/regeneration is always narrated BEFORE good works in each unit (2:11-14; 3:3-8). Cumulative repetition density in this book maximizes exposure to an amel-mizan misreading even where each individual occurrence is translated correctly; a book-level teaching note is required, not merely a per-verse one.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Sonsuz yaşam
Transliteration: son-SOOZ yah-SHAHM
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: a deeds-scale (mizan) reward framing
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 1:2 (promised before the ages began) and 3:7 (the ground of believers’ hope as heirs).
Slaves And Masters
Approved rendering: köleler / efendiler
Transliteration: kur-leh-LEHR / eh-fehn-dee-LEHR
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δοῦλοι … δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι
Category: Household Code
Inherited from Ephesians package, reused exactly. Titus 2:9-10: bondservants instructed to be submissive to their own masters. Mandatory first-century historical-distancing framing required; Ottoman-era slavery is relevant historical background only, never a basis for direct contemporary equivalence.
Law
Approved rendering: Kutsal Yasa
Transliteration: koot-SAHL yah-SAH
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: şeriat (Islamic religious law), Tevrat Yasası (bare ‘Torah law’)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Root for Titus 3:9’s ‘quarrels about the law’ (Yasa üzerine kavgalar). NEVER şeriat.
Bringing Salvation
Approved rendering: kurtarıcı
Transliteration: koor-tah-ruh-JUH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: iyi bir şey (a generic good thing/blessing)
Original: σωτήριος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Titus 2:11: grace ‘that brings salvation to all people’ (sōtērios, adjectival). Built on the Kurtuluş root. Must not be reduced to a general well-being blessing; ties to the Critical doctrine that salvation is a present, Christ-secured deliverance.
Righteously Adverb
Approved rendering: doğrulukla
Transliteration: doh-roo-look-LAH
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: δικαίως
Category: Salvation
NEW, built on the REUSE Doğruluk root. Titus 2:12: living ‘righteously.’ Describes the FRUIT of grace-produced character, never a means of earning standing before God.
Godliness
Approved rendering: Tanrı yoluna bağlılık
Transliteration: tahn-RUH yoh-loo-NAH bah-luh-LUHK
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: dindarlık (generic religiosity/piety, compatible with any faith tradition’s self-generated devotional achievement)
Original: εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς
Category: Sanctification
NEW. A Pastoral-Epistles signature term (eusebeia/eusebōs, 1:1; 2:12). Must be distinguished from generic dindarlık; teaching material must specify this is grace-flowing, Spirit-produced devotion (2:11-12; 3:5), never a self-generated devotional achievement contributing to salvation.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Kurtarıcı
Transliteration: koor-tah-ruh-JUH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Great God and Savior)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW standalone title (baseline only records the abstract noun Kurtuluş). Applied to BOTH God the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and Jesus Christ (2:13; 3:6) within this one short letter — a deliberate Trinitarian data point. Turkish has no morphological marker automatically signaling this deliberate dual application; teach explicitly in accompanying material rather than relying on the translation alone to surface the pattern.
Slaves To Passions
Approved rendering: tutkulara ve zevklere köle olarak
Transliteration: toot-koo-lah-RAH veh zev-kleh-REH kur-LEH oh-lah-RAHK
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: kul (FORBIDDEN in this negative-bondage sense — reserved for the positive Turkish-Islamic self-designation ‘Allah’ın kulu’)
Original: δουλεύω (δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς)
Category: Sin
NEW use of an existing forbidden-substitution rule. Titus 3:3: believers’ former state, ‘slaves to various passions and pleasures.’ Shares its root with doulos/douleia, the baseline’s köle/kölelik negative-bondage family (Galatians package). NEVER kul here — this is bondage TO SIN.
Believed God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’ya iman etmiş olanlar
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-YAH ee-MAHN et-MEESH oh-lahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: πεπιστευκότες θεῷ
Category: Faith
NEW phrase built on the REUSE İman root. Titus 3:8: ‘those who have believed God’ devote themselves to good works. The object of faith (God, and implicitly the gospel just described in 3:4-7) must remain explicit.
Servant Of God Doulos Theou
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın kulu
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-NUHN koo-LOO
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: köle/kölelik (FORBIDDEN here — reserved exclusively for the NEGATIVE bondage-to-sin sense used later in this same letter, 2:3; 3:3)
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW, genuine translation crux — theologian decision flagged and RESOLVED per existing Kitabı Mukaddes precedent. Titus 1:1: Paul’s own positive apostolic self-designation, ‘a servant/slave of God’ (doulos theou). Follows the Romans 1:1 precedent rendering this positive self-title ‘Tanrı’nın kulu,’ while köle/kölelik remains reserved exclusively for the NEGATIVE bondage-to-sin/passions sense found later in this SAME letter (2:3’s ‘oinō dedoulōmenas’; 3:3’s ‘douleuontes epithymiais’). This is a deliberate EXCEPTION to the usual same-Greek-root-same-Turkish-rendering consistency rule and must be documented so future translators do not ‘correct’ one occurrence to match the other.
Elect Of God
Approved rendering: Tanrı’nın seçtikleri
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-NUHN sech-teek-leh-REE
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: kader/kısmet (qadar-style impersonal fatalism)
Original: ἐκλεκτοὶ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW phrase built on the REUSE Tanrı’nın seçimi root. Titus 1:1: Paul’s apostleship exists ‘for the sake of the faith of God’s elect.’ Never kader/kısmet; God’s sovereign, personal, relational choice.
God Who Does Not Lie
Approved rendering: yalan söylemeyen Tanrı
Transliteration: yah-LAHN sur-leh-meh-YEHN tahn-RUH
Doctrine: Truthfulness of God and the Reliability of His Promise
Original: ὁ ἀψευδὴς θεός
Category: God
NEW. Titus 1:2 (ho apseudēs theos). Doctrinally significant apologetic point given the Islamic tahrif objection (the claim that the Christian Bible has been textually corrupted from a lost original Injil), already Critical in the baseline’s Inspiration of Scripture doctrine. Pair teaching on 1:1-3 with accessible material on manuscript transmission and textual reliability — this passage is an opportunity, not merely a risk, to engage the tahrif objection directly.
Elders Presbyteros
Approved rendering: İhtiyarlar
Transliteration: eeh-tee-yahr-LAHR
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: muhtar (a specific, secular Turkish Republic civil office — elected village/neighborhood headman — which would import an entirely wrong institutional frame)
Original: πρεσβύτερος (πρεσβυτέρους)
Category: Church
NEW CORE TERM for this doctrine. Titus 1:5: the office Titus is to appoint in every town. Must be clearly disambiguated from (a) the ordinary Turkish sense of ‘ihtiyar’ as simply ‘an elderly person,’ and (b) muhtar. Identical office to episkopos (see overseer_episkopos below, 1:7) — teaching material must make this equivalence explicit, since the Turkish terms look etymologically unrelated even though Paul uses the underlying Greek terms interchangeably.
Overseer Episkopos
Approved rendering: Gözetmen
Transliteration: gur-zet-MEHN
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: vali / emir (would import Islamic/Ottoman governance-office connotations)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος (ἐπίσκοπον)
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 1:7. Same office as elders_presbyteros (1:5); an ecclesial supervisory role defined entirely by the character qualifications in vv.6-9, not by political or ethnic authority. Transparent coinage (‘one who watches over’) with no prior established Christian-office usage in Turkish Bible tradition to anchor it — teach as a technical term, not passively transparent.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: tek eşli / bir kadının kocası olan
Transliteration: tek esh-LEE / beer kah-duh-NUHN koh-jah-SUH oh-LAHN
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: a polemical numbers-comparison framing against Islamic family law
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 1:6, literally ‘a one-woman man’ (mias gynaikos anēr). Genuine, concrete point of contrast with Islamic law’s permission of up to four wives (Qur’an 4:3); also intersects with the Ephesians household-code sensitivity around Turkey’s 1926 Medeni Kanun. Frame pastorally as a positive marital-fidelity character qualification, never primarily as a comparative critique.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: sağlam öğreti
Transliteration: sah-LAHM ur-reh-TEE
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἡ ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW CORE TERM for this doctrine. A Pastoral-Epistles signature phrase (hē hygiainousa didaskalia) recurring at Titus 1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8 in slightly different grammatical forms (noun phrase, verb, adjective). Establish and hold ONE consistent Turkish rendering (‘sağlam’) across every form so the reader can trace the letter’s own repeated theme.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: Yahudi efsaneleri
Transliteration: yah-hoo-DEE ef-sah-neh-leh-REE
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: any generalization to Jewish people or tradition as a whole
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Titus 1:14. Historical-sensitivity note required, structurally parallel to (though at lower severity than) the Matthew 23/27:25 discipline: anchored to a specific first-century controversy over speculative legendary elaboration, never a blanket characterization of Jewish tradition or people. State this historical anchoring explicitly every time this term is used.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: bölücü kişi
Transliteration: bur-LYOO-joo kee-SHEE
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: sapkın (heretic, in the later doctrinal-condemnation sense — would import centuries of subsequent church-historical categorization absent from this verse’s own first-century social scope)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Titus 3:10 (hairetikon anthrōpon), the etymological root of ‘heretic,’ but with a primarily social (faction-creating), not later doctrinal-condemnation, sense at this stage. IMPORTANT ESCALATED FLAG from 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md (Rank 5): ‘bölücü’ is heavily associated in mainstream contemporary Turkish political and security discourse with state characterizations of Kurdish separatist movements. Using this word for a congregational false-teacher-discipline verse risks an unintended, serious contemporary-political misreading distinct from this Language Package’s usual tawhid/confessional collision categories. RECOMMENDATION FOR THEOLOGIAN REVIEW: consider the alternative candidate ‘fikir ayrılığı yaratan kişi’ (‘a person who creates division/discord over doctrine’), which avoids the politically loaded root entirely; if ‘bölücü kişi’ is retained, it must carry a MANDATORY accompanying note explicitly distancing the term from its contemporary security-political usage, parallel in spirit to the Matthew 27:25 anti-antisemitism framing requirement. Flag for priority theologian re-examination before Phase 2 lock.
Medium Risk Terms
Mercy
Approved rendering: Merhamet
Transliteration: mer-hah-MET
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: rahmet used in a grace-contrast context
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 3:5: ‘according to his own mercy he saved us.’ Distinct from Lütuf (grace) and from the washing/renewal terms — three theologically distinct, coordinated causal descriptions of one saving act, never collapsed into a single generic ‘God was nice to us.‘
Zeal
Approved rendering: Gayret
Transliteration: guy-RET
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ζηλωτής
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 2:14: ‘zealous for good works’ — zeal here is the fruit of redemption already accomplished, never its precondition.
Heir
Approved rendering: Mirasçı
Transliteration: mee-rahs-CHUH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: a merit-earned-inheritance reading
Inherited from Galatians package, reused exactly. Titus 3:7: ‘we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.’ Full inheritance by promise/grace, never merit-earned.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Elçi
Transliteration: el-CHEE
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: resul / peygamber (prophet-messenger)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Titus 1:1 (implicit in Paul’s self-description alongside doulos theou) establishes Paul’s apostolic authority behind the elder-qualification instructions that follow. Guard against collapsing into resul/peygamber.
Peace
Approved rendering: Esenlik
Transliteration: eh-sen-LEEK
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: huzur (inner calm), barış (political/interpersonal peace)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Titus 1:4’s opening salutation (‘Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior’) pairs Lütuf and Esenlik in the standard Pauline greeting formula; relational peace with God, not psychological calm.
Epiphany Appeared
Approved rendering: göründü
Transliteration: geh-rewn-DYOO
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: bir lütuf gösterdi (a vague ‘showed favor,’ loses the historical in-breaking sense)
Original: ἐπιφαίνω (ἐπεφάνη)
Category: Christology
NEW. A decisive, historical, visible manifestation (epiphainō), used of grace’s appearing (2:11), the appearing of glory (2:13), and God’s goodness appearing (3:4). Render consistently as ‘göründü’ across all three occurrences so the Turkish reader can trace the Greek text’s own deliberate verbal link. Must not be flattened into a vague ‘God showed favor’; parallels the established Beden alma (incarnation) doctrine. Keep distinct from phaneroō (see manifested_phaneroo below), a related but separate Greek verb at 1:3.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: tanrısızlık
Transliteration: tahn-ruh-suhz-LUHK
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ateizm (atheism, a philosophical denial of God’s existence, not impious living)
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 2:12: renouncing ‘ungodliness’ (asebeia). Keep distinct from the general Turkish word for philosophical atheism; this is impious living, not disbelief in God’s existence.
Worldly Passions
Approved rendering: dünyasal tutkular
Transliteration: dyoon-yah-SAHL toot-koo-LAHR
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 2:12. Keep concrete and plain rather than abstracting into generic ‘sin.‘
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: kendine hakim / sağduyulu
Transliteration: ken-dee-NEH hah-KEEM / sah-doo-yoo-LOO
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: sabırlı (patient, too narrow — this is mental/moral self-governance, not merely patience)
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω (word family)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus’s most heavily repeated character-word family (sōphrōn/sōphronōs/sōphronizō: 1:8; 2:2, 4, 5, 6, 12). Establish ONE consistent Turkish rendering across every occurrence, adjective, adverb, and causative-verb forms alike, so the reader can trace Titus’s own repeated emphasis on self-mastery.
Blessed Hope
Approved rendering: kutlu umut
Transliteration: koot-LOO oo-MOOT
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: an ‘inşallah’-style uncertain-hope framing
Original: μακαρία ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Titus 2:13. A certain, grounded expectation, not a wish-hope; must not be conflated with generic uncertain hoping.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: yasasızlık
Transliteration: yah-sah-suhz-LUHK
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. Titus 2:14: redeemed ‘from all lawlessness’ (anomia). Must be kept distinct from Kutsal Yasa’nın işleri (works of the Mosaic law) — a comprehensive state of rebellion against God’s order generally, not the Torah-boundary-marker word-field.
Purify
Approved rendering: temizlesin
Transliteration: teh-meez-leh-SEEN
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: καθαρίζω (καθαρίσῃ)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 2:14: Christ’s own decisive act to ‘purify for himself a people.’ Cross-reference the baseline Mark 7:15 term (nothing_outside_defiles); this is God’s own decisive act, not a ritual the believer performs — guard against a ritual-purity (tahara-adjacent) misreading.
People For Possession
Approved rendering: kendine ait bir halk
Transliteration: ken-dee-NEH ah-EET beer HAHLK
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Covenant
NEW. Titus 2:14: ‘a people for his own possession’ (laos periousios), an OT covenant echo (Exodus 19:5 LXX; Deuteronomy 14:2 LXX). Requires OT covenant-background teaching support given the baseline’s caution about readers’ low OT narrative literacy.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: azarla / paylat
Transliteration: ah-zahr-LAH / pie-LAHT
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Recurs at Titus 1:9, 13; 2:15 (elegchō). Establish one consistent Turkish rendering across all three occurrences in this book.
Rulers And Authorities Civil
Approved rendering: yönetimler ve yetkililer
Transliteration: yur-neh-teem-LEHR veh yet-kee-lee-LEHR
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Household Code
NEW. Titus 3:1 (archai exousiai), human civil government, parallel to Romans 13:1. Must be explicitly disambiguated from the SPIRITUAL ‘principalities and powers’ of the Ephesians armor-of-God doctrine (6:12), which uses cognate Greek vocabulary for a wholly different, cosmic-apocalyptic referent.
Obey Authority
Approved rendering: sözünü dinlemek / boyun eğmek
Transliteration: sur-zoo-NOO deen-leh-MEK / boy-OON eh-MEHK
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Household Code
NEW. Titus 3:1 (peitharchein), distinct from hypotassesthai though paired with it. Prefer ‘sözünü dinlemek’ as primary rendering; ‘boyun eğmek’ carries a stronger ‘yield/capitulate’ connotation in colloquial Turkish and should be retained only as a secondary gloss.
Speak Evil Interpersonal
Approved rendering: kötülemek
Transliteration: kur-tyoo-leh-MEK
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: küfür (FORBIDDEN — reserved exclusively for blasphemy_against_the_spirit, Matthew 12:31-32)
Original: βλασφημέω (interpersonal sense)
Category: Ethics
NEW, mandatory disambiguation. Titus 2:5 (the word of God ‘reviled’) and 3:2 (‘speak evil of no one’). Ordinary interpersonal slander (blasphēmeō, non-technical sense), NOT the unforgivable-sin blasphemy against the Spirit. The Turkish renderings MUST diverge (kötülemek here, never küfür) so ordinary rude speech is not conflated with the unforgivable sin.
Goodness
Approved rendering: iyilik
Transliteration: ee-yee-LEEK
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
NEW. Titus 3:4: God’s ‘goodness’ (chrēstotēs) appeared, part of the saving act described in 3:4-6.
Loving Kindness
Approved rendering: insana olan sevgi
Transliteration: een-sah-NAH oh-LAHN sev-GEE
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
NEW. Titus 3:4: God’s ‘loving kindness’ (philanthrōpia), a rare NT word (also Acts 28:2). Note for teaching material that this is God’s own character being described, not a human philanthropic virtue, though the same Greek root underlies both.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: döktü
Transliteration: durk-TOO
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: verdi (gave — too abstract, loses the concrete Pentecost-echo imagery)
Original: ἐκχέω (ἐξέχεεν)
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. Titus 3:6 (execheen): the Spirit ‘poured out’ richly, echoing Joel 2:28-29 and its fulfillment at Pentecost (Acts 2:17-18, 33). Preserve the concrete pouring-out image; the imagery itself carries doctrinal weight (the Spirit as a poured-out divine gift, not an impersonal force).
Trustworthy Saying Formula
Approved rendering: Bu söz güvenilirdir
Transliteration: boo surz goo-veh-nee-leer-DEER
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. A fixed formula (Pistos ho logos) recurring across the Pastoral Epistles (1 Tim 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Tim 2:11; Titus 3:8). Establish this exact fixed phrase now for consistency with any future Pastoral-Epistles curriculum in this Language Package — lock it now, since it will recur verbatim in 1-2 Timothy.
Promised
Approved rendering: Vaat
Transliteration: vah-AHT
Doctrine: Truthfulness of God and the Reliability of His Promise
Original: ἐπαγγέλλομαι (ἐπηγγείλατο)
Category: Covenant
NEW verb-form usage built on the REUSE Vaat root (see abrahamic_covenant_and_promise above). Titus 1:2 (epēngeilato): God’s pre-temporal promise of eternal life. God’s unilateral covenant pledge, never a merit-conditioned boon.
Manifested Phaneroo
Approved rendering: açıkladı
Transliteration: ah-chuk-lah-DUH
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: φανερόω (ἐφανέρωσεν)
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Titus 1:3 (ephanerōsen): God’s promise ‘made known in due time.’ A distinct Greek verb (phaneroō) from the epiphainō family used at 2:11/2:13/3:4 (see epiphany_appeared above); keep the two Turkish renderings distinguishable (‘açıkladı’ here vs. ‘göründü’ there) so the Greek text’s own varied vocabulary is not artificially flattened. Overlaps in theological space with the baseline’s Tanrı’nın açıklaması (revelation).
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: boyun eğmeyen
Transliteration: boy-OON eh-meh-YEHN
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνυπότακτος (ἀνυπότακτα)
Category: Household Code
NEW. Negation of the hypotassō family (anypotakta), disqualifying for eldership (Titus 1:6) and describing false teachers (1:10). Keep the negative and positive forms lexically traceable to each other in teaching notes; used positively (and Critically) for civil submission at 3:1 and marriage submission at 2:5.
Devout Hosios
Approved rendering: dindar / Tanrı’ya bağlı
Transliteration: deen-DAHR / tahn-ruh-YAH bah-LUH
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: Kutsal (would erase the real, if subtle, semantic distinction the Greek text itself makes between hosios and hagios)
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Church
NEW, deliberately distinguished from Kutsal (hagios). Titus 1:8 (hosios), one of the elder/overseer character qualifications. Greek distinguishes hosios (devout conduct/character) from hagios (set-apart holiness); using Kutsal for both would flatten this distinction.
Pagan Prophet Loose Sense
Approved rendering: kendi peygamberlerinden biri
Transliteration: ken-DEE pay-gahm-behr-leh-reen-DEHN bee-REE
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: Peygamber unqualified (would imply canonical prophetic status parallel to the biblical prophetic office)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW, mandatory disambiguation. Titus 1:12: Paul’s loose, complimentary quotation of the pagan Cretan poet Epimenides as ‘a prophet of their own.’ Must NOT be confused with the technical biblical-prophet office (Peygamber, tied to the Inspiration of Scripture doctrine) elsewhere in this Language Package. Render with an explanatory note distinguishing this loose Greek literary usage from canonical prophetic status.
Pure Defiled
Approved rendering: temiz / kirlenmiş
Transliteration: teh-MEEZ / keer-len-MEESH
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Titus 1:15 (katharos / memiammenos), applied to conscience and mind, not ritual status. Direct thematic and near-verbal echo of the established Mark 7:15 baseline term (nothing_outside_defiles); cross-reference explicitly, guarding against a ritual-purity (tahara-adjacent) misreading.
Unfit For Good Work
Approved rendering: layık olmayan
Transliteration: lah-YUHK ohl-mah-YAHN
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Titus 1:16 (adokimos): those who profess to know God but deny him by their deeds are ‘unfit for any good work.’ Direct negation of the good_works doctrine, a stark closing contrast to the letter’s repeated positive emphasis elsewhere.
Older Men Women Age
Approved rendering: yaşlı erkekler / yaşlı kadınlar
Transliteration: yahsh-LUH er-kek-LEHR / yahsh-LUH kah-duhn-LAHR
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 2:2-3 (presbytas/presbytidas), an AGE-based life-stage category, NOT the church office of elder. Etymologically related to but functionally distinct from İhtiyarlar (elders_presbyteros above); deliberately rendered with different, unrelated-looking Turkish word families to prevent translator confusion between an age category and an ecclesial office — a real risk given the shared Greek root.
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: sabır / dayanıklılık
Transliteration: sah-BUHR / dah-yah-nuhk-luh-LUHK
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 2:2 (hypomonē), part of the older men’s soundness in faith, love, and endurance.
Slanderer Common Noun
Approved rendering: dedikoducu / iftiracı
Transliteration: deh-dee-koh-doo-JOO / eef-tee-rah-JUH
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: Şeytan (the proper title ‘the Devil,’ FORBIDDEN here — this is an ordinary common-noun/adjectival use of the same Greek word, diabolos)
Original: διάβολος (common-noun sense)
Category: Household Code
NEW, mandatory disambiguation. Titus 2:3, a vice older women must avoid. Must be distinguished from the proper title Şeytan to avoid an inadvertent ‘become like Satan’ misreading; render as an ordinary vice term.
Adorn Doctrine
Approved rendering: öğretiyi süslesinler
Transliteration: ur-reh-tee-YEE syoos-leh-seen-LEHR
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: öğretiyi onurlandırsınlar (a generic ‘honor the teaching,’ loses the deliberate adornment metaphor)
Original: κοσμέω (κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν)
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Titus 2:10 (kosmōsin tēn didaskalian): godly conduct ‘adorns’/beautifies sound teaching, as one might adorn something valuable. Explain as a deliberate figure of speech rather than flattening.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: ahmakça tartışmalar
Transliteration: ah-mahk-CHAH tahr-tuhsh-mah-LAHR
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Doctrine
NEW CORE TERM for this doctrine’s title. Titus 3:9 (mōras zētēseis). Low-medium collision risk on its own, though it heads a controversy-list containing higher-risk items below.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: soy kütükleri
Transliteration: soy koo-tyook-leh-REE
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: any framing that implies a critique of nesep/silsile lineage traditions as such
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Titus 3:9, paralleling 1 Timothy 1:4. Reflects a specific early controversy over speculative legendary elaboration, not a general critique of genealogical record-keeping. Turkish-Islamic and broader Turkish cultural tradition places real, positive weight on lineage documentation (nesep/silsile, seyyid/şerif descent claims, Ottoman-era şecere records); note without drawing an unwarranted direct parallel — Paul’s target is speculative myth-making, not genealogy per se.
Quarrels About Law
Approved rendering: Yasa üzerine kavgalar
Transliteration: yah-SAH yzeh-ree-NEH kahv-gah-LAHR
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Doctrine
NEW phrase built on the REUSE Kutsal Yasa root. Titus 3:9 (machai nomikai). Disambiguate from contemporary ‘the Law’ in a civil/legal sense (Turkish hukuk) if ever cross-referenced.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: Teşvik etmek
Transliteration: tesh-VEEK et-MEK
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Titus 2:6, 15 (in 2:15 functions with authoritative rather than merely encouraging force, paired with elegche/rebuke).
Present Age
Approved rendering: şimdiki çağ
Transliteration: sheem-dee-KEE chah
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ὁ νῦν αἰών
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Titus 2:12. Sets up the eschatological contrast with v.13’s blessed hope.
Authority Command
Approved rendering: yetki
Transliteration: yet-KEE
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐπιταγή
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. Titus 1:3 (God’s own command) and 2:15 (the manner of Titus’s teaching), epitagē. Check consistency across both occurrences.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: yumuşaklık
Transliteration: yoo-moo-shahk-LUHK
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Ethics
NEW. Titus 3:2 (prautēs), shown toward all people.
Conscience
Approved rendering: vicdan
Transliteration: veej-DAHN
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 1:15. Straightforward, well-established Turkish equivalent; no doctrinal collision identified.
Reverent Hieroprepes
Approved rendering: kutsala yaraşır
Transliteration: koot-sah-LAH yah-rah-SHUHR
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἱεροπρεπής
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 2:3 (hieroprepeis), a rare word occurring only here in the NT; note this rarity for teaching material. A constructed, compositional Turkish phrase, not an idiomatic pre-existing equivalent.
Self Condemned
Approved rendering: kendi kendini mahkûm eden
Transliteration: ken-DEE ken-dee-NEE mah-KOOM eh-DEHN
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Titus 3:11 (autokatakritos), describing the divisive person who persists after warning. Transparent legal-reflexive phrase.
Referenced passages