Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Mark 1–16 (English → Assamese)
Purpose
This glossary registers every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the entire Gospel of Mark, assigns Assamese renderings, risk tiers, and rationale, and states rejected alternatives with grounded reasons. Terms already recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans) are marked REUSE — baseline and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; this document does not alter their baseline entries. Terms new to this curriculum are marked NEW and must be added to the working translation_memory.json before Phase 2 translation begins, per the version-increment procedure defined in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions:
- Critical — human theologian review required for every occurrence
- High — human theologian review required
- Medium — native speaker review recommended
- Low — automated review sufficient
A. Reused Baseline Terms Occurring in Mark
| English Term | Assamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Key Mark Passages | Notes for Mark Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | সুসমাচাৰ | xusomacar | High | REUSE — baseline | 1:1,14,15; 8:35; 10:29; 13:10; 14:9; 16:15 | Mark 1:1 names the entire book “the gospel” — genre-defining first use |
| Faith | বিশ্বাস | biswax | High | REUSE — baseline | 2:5; 4:40; 5:34,36; 6:6; 9:23-24; 10:52; 11:22-24 | Frequently in dual healing/salvation contexts (5:34; 10:52) — see σῴζω entry below |
| Kingdom of God | ঈশ্বৰৰ ৰাজ্য | Iswôror rajyo | Medium | REUSE — baseline | 1:15; 4:11,26,30; 9:1,47; 10:14-15,23-25; 12:34; 14:25 | Anchors “The Kingdom of God Breaking In” doctrine; 1:15’s ἤγγικεν (“has drawn near”) needs inaugurated-not-only-future framing |
| Son of God | ঈশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ | Iswôror putrô | Critical | REUSE — baseline | 1:1; 3:11; 5:7; 9:7; 14:61-62; 15:39 | Climactic confession at 15:39; must stay lexically distinct from “Son of Man” (new term below) |
| Lord | প্ৰভু | prôbhu | Critical | REUSE — baseline | 1:3; 2:28; 5:19; 7:28; 11:3,9; 12:36-37; 13:35 | Never used for the negative κατακυριεύω/κατεξουσιάζω domineering-rule terms (10:42) |
| Jesus | যীচু | Yisu | Critical | REUSE — baseline | throughout | — |
| God | ঈশ্বৰ | Iswôr | Critical | REUSE — baseline | throughout | — |
| Holy Spirit | পবিত্ৰ আত্মা | pobitrô atma | Critical | REUSE — baseline | 1:8,10,12; 3:29; 12:36; 13:11 | 3:29 blasphemy-against context requires special theological care (see new entry below) |
| Father | পিতা | pita | Critical | REUSE — baseline | 8:38; 11:25; 13:32; 14:36 | Paired with আব্বা at 14:36 |
| Abba | আব্বা | Abba | High | REUSE — baseline | 14:36 | Retain transliteration per baseline instruction |
| Sin | পাপ | pap | High | REUSE — baseline | 1:4-5; 2:5-10; 3:28-29 | — |
| Glory | মহিমা | môhima | High | REUSE — baseline | 8:38; 10:37; 13:26 | 10:37’s requested glory contrasted with 10:45’s servant-ransom glory |
| Law | বিধান | bidhan | High | REUSE — baseline | 12:28-34 (contextually, “commandment”) | Mark uses ἐντολή more than νόμος; apply বিধান where Torah/Mosaic law itself is meant |
| Covenant | নিয়ম | niyôm | High | REUSE — baseline | 14:24 | Combined with new term “blood” — see below |
| Resurrection | পুনৰুত্থান | punoruththan | Critical | REUSE — baseline | 6:14; 8:31; 9:9-10,31; 10:34; 12:18-27; 16:6 | NEVER পুনৰ্জন্ম; mandatory distinguishing note at each first occurrence per document |
| Messiah/Christ | মচীহ / খ্ৰীষ্ট | mosih / Khristo | Critical | REUSE — baseline (+ established name-form) | 1:1; 8:29; 9:41; 12:35; 13:21; 14:61; 15:32 | Use খ্ৰীষ্ট where functioning as Jesus’ proper name-title (per 12_ai_translation_requirements naming convention); use মচীহ where the discourse is explicitly about OT messianic expectation |
| Prophet | ভাববাদী | bhabôbadi | Low | REUSE — baseline | 1:2; 6:4,15; 8:28; 11:32 | — |
| Prophecy | ভাববাণী | bhabôbani | Low | REUSE — baseline | 1:2-3 (citation of Isaiah/Malachi) | — |
| Holy | পবিত্ৰ | pobitrô | High | REUSE — baseline | 1:24; 6:20; 8:38 | — |
| Called/Calling | মতা / মতনি | matā / motoni | High | REUSE — baseline | 1:20; 2:17; 3:13 | Calling of disciples and sinners |
| Salvation | পৰিত্ৰাণ | poritran | Critical | REUSE — baseline | 8:35; 10:26; 13:13,20 | NEVER মুক্তি/মোক্ষ |
| Apostle | প্ৰেৰিত | prerito | Medium | REUSE — baseline | 3:14; 6:30 | — |
| Power of God | ঈশ্বৰৰ শক্তি | Iswôror xôkti | High | REUSE — baseline | 5:30; 9:1; 12:24; 13:26 | δύναμις occurrences distinct from ἐξουσία (new entry below) — keep the two Greek concepts distinguishable in Assamese where both occur near each other |
| David | দায়ূদ | Dayud | Medium | REUSE — baseline | 2:25; 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37 | — |
| Israel | ইস্ৰায়েল | Israyel | Medium | REUSE — baseline | 12:29; 15:32 | — |
| Peace | শান্তি | xanti | Medium | REUSE — baseline | 4:39; 5:34; 9:50 | 4:39 nature-authority context; 5:34/9:50 relational/ethical contexts — keep distinct in translator notes |
B. New Terms Introduced in Mark
| English Term | Assamese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Son of Man | মানুহৰ পুত্ৰ | manuhor putro | Critical | Jesus as Suffering Servant and Son of God; The Messianic Secret | 2:10,28; 8:31,38; 9:9,12,31; 10:33,45; 13:26; 14:21,41,62 | — | Daniel 7:13-14 background; Jesus’ preferred, self-veiling title. Must remain lexically distinct from ঈশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ (Son of God). Mandatory translator note at first occurrence (2:10). |
| Ransom | উদ্ধাৰ-মূল্য | uddhar-mulyô | Critical | The Ransom for Many | 10:45 | মুক্তিমূল্য (root collision with মুক্তি/mokṣa — liberation from rebirth cycle; explicitly forbidden pattern per baseline salvation entry); প্ৰতিদান (too commercial, loses substitutionary/sacrificial force) | Single highest-priority new term in the whole book; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence |
| In place of / for (substitutionary) | …ৰ সলনি | …r sôlôni | Critical | The Ransom for Many | 10:45 (ἀντὶ πολλῶν) | …ৰ কাৰণে/বাবে (weakens substitution to mere benefit) | Preserves ἀντί’s exchange-logic; pair with উদ্ধাৰ-মূল্য |
| Baptism | বাপ্তিস্ম | baptisma | High | Faith and Discipleship; Jesus as Suffering Servant | 1:4-11; 10:38-39 | স্নান (generic ritual bathing — loses repentance-faith signification) | Distinguish literal rite (ch.1) from metaphorical “baptism of suffering” (10:38-39) with a note at 10:38 |
| Repentance | মন-পালটন | mon-paloton | High | Kingdom of God Breaking In | 1:4,15 | তপস্যা/প্ৰায়শ্চিত্ত (ritual penance/austerity — implies merit-earning) | Inward reorientation, not merit-earning ritual act |
| Authority (ἐξουσία) | অধিকাৰ | odhikar | High | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature | 1:22,27; 2:10; 11:28-33 | ক্ষমতা (acceptable secondary option, more generic “power/capacity”) | Distinguish from ঈশ্বৰৰ শক্তি (δύναμις, raw power) — ἐξουσία is delegated right to act |
| Domineering rule / lord it over (κατακυριεύω/κατεξουσιάζω) | প্ৰভুত্ব দেখুৱাই অত্যাচাৰ কৰা / কৰ্তৃত্ব চলায় | — | High | Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness | 10:42 | Direct cognate reuse of প্ৰভু-root alone (would blur with Christ’s proper exclusive Lordship) | Must never be confused with the Critical baseline term প্ৰভু |
| Unclean spirit / demon | অশুচি আত্মা / দুষ্ট আত্মা | oxuchi atma / dushto atma | High | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature | 1:23-27,34,39; 3:22-30; 5:1-20; 7:24-30; 9:14-29 | ভূত (folk-ghost term — trivializes as ancestral/wandering spirit rather than personal hostile spirit-being under Satan) | Keep distinct from পবিত্ৰ আত্মা |
| Leprosy / cleanse (ritual) | কুষ্ঠ ৰোগ / শুচি কৰা | kustha rog / suchi kôra | Medium | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness | 1:40-45 | — | শুচি (ritual/physical), distinct from পবিত্ৰ (moral-relational holiness, per baseline note) |
| Forgive (sins) | পাপ ক্ষমা কৰা | pap khyôma kôra | High | Jesus as Son of God (divine prerogative) | 2:5-10 | সাধাৰণ ক্ষমা (casual pardon — loses the divine-authority claim) | Scribal objection in 2:7 confirms this is a deity-claim, not routine forgiveness |
| Sabbath | বিশ্ৰাম বাৰ | bisram bar | Medium | Jesus’ Authority (Lord of the Sabbath) | 2:23-28; 3:1-6 | — | Requires OT background note for low-OT-literacy readers |
| Satan | শয়তান | Xoytan | High | Kingdom of God Breaking In; Jesus’ Authority over demonic power | 1:13; 3:23,26; 4:15; 8:33 | — | Personal being, not impersonal evil-principle or folk trickster figure |
| Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | পবিত্ৰ আত্মাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে নিন্দা | pobitrô atmar biruddhe ninda | Critical | (Unforgivable sin, tied to Holy Spirit doctrine) | 3:28-29 | — | Precise, narrow theological definition required; not general disrespect toward God |
| Will of God | ঈশ্বৰৰ ইচ্ছা | Iswôror iচچha | Medium | Kingdom of God; Discipleship | 3:35; 14:36 | — | — |
| Parable | দৃষ্টান্ত | dristanto | Medium | The Messianic Secret | 4:2-34; 12:1-12; 13:28 | উপকথা (generic folk-tale — lacks revelatory/concealing function) | — |
| Mystery of the Kingdom | ৰাজ্যৰ ৰহস্য | rajyor rôhosyô | Critical | The Messianic Secret | 4:11 | — | Direct collision risk with tantric/esoteric “rahasya” traditions; mandatory note: progressive revelation culminating in open proclamation, not permanent closed gnosis |
| Rebuke (nature) | ধমকি দিয়া | dhomoki diya | Medium | Jesus’ Authority over Nature | 4:39 | — | — |
| Save/heal (σῴζω, dual sense) | সুস্থ কৰা (heal) / পৰিত্ৰাণ (save) | susthô kôra / poritran | High | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness; Salvation | 5:23,28,34; 6:56; 10:52 | — | Context-sensitive; note Mark’s deliberate double-register in 5:34; 10:52 |
| Synagogue | সমাজ-গৃহ | samaj-grih | Medium-High | Church as God’s People (background) | 1:21,23,29,39; 3:1; 6:2; 5:22 (ἀρχισυνάγωγος) | নামঘৰ (forbidden — Ekasarana prayer-house institution); মন্দিৰ (Hindu temple) | Real functional parallel to Namghar exists historically but institution must stay lexically separate |
| Unbelief | অবিশ্বাস | obiswax | High | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | 6:6; 9:24 | — | Direct antonym of বিশ্বাস |
| Compassion (σπλαγχνίζομαι) | কৰুণাবোধ কৰা | korunābodh kôra | Medium | Kingdom of God Breaking In | 1:41; 6:34; 8:2 | দয়া alone (too generic/could echo baseline’s rejected “grace” alternative) | — |
| “I am” (ἐγώ εἰμι, divine echo) | মই আছোঁ | moi asü | Critical | Jesus as Son of God | 6:50; 14:62 | — | Risk of losing Exodus 3:14 LXX resonance; mandatory note |
| Do not fear | ভয় নকৰিব | bhoy no-kôriba | High | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | 5:36; 6:50 | — | — |
| Hardened heart | কঠিন হৃদয় | kôthin hridôy | Medium | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | 6:52; 8:17 | — | — |
| Tradition (of the elders) | পুৰুষানুক্ৰমে পোৱা প্ৰথা | — | Medium | (Purity/Law background) | 7:3-13 | — | — |
| Corban | কৰ্বান | korban | Low-Medium | (Law background) | 7:11 | — | Requires explanatory gloss |
| Defile / unclean (κοινόω) | অশুচি কৰা | oxuchi kôra | High | Universal Human Sinfulness (background) | 7:15,18-23 | — | Marks the pivot from ceremonial to moral/inward impurity |
| ”Must” (δεῖ, divine necessity) | নিশ্চয় হ’ব লাগিব | nisocôy hobo lagibo | High | The Necessity of the Cross | 8:31; 9:31; 13:10 | ভাগ্যত থাকে (fate-language — forbidden pattern) | Purposive divine necessity, never impersonal fate/karma |
| Cross (take up one’s cross) | ক্ৰুচ (কঢ়িয়াই লওক) | krus | Critical | The Necessity of the Cross | 8:34; 10:21 (implied); 15:13-27 | — | Distinguish literal crucifixion (ch.15) from discipleship metaphor (ch.8) |
| Deny oneself | নিজকে অস্বীকাৰ কৰা | nizoke oswikar kôra | Medium-High | The Necessity of the Cross; Discipleship | 8:34; 14:30,68-72 (Peter’s contrasting denial of Jesus) | — | Note deliberate irony: disciples told to “deny themselves” yet Peter instead “denies” Jesus (14:68-72) — same root verb, opposite object |
| Beloved Son | মোৰ প্ৰিয় পুত্ৰ | mor priyô putro | Critical | Jesus as Son of God | 1:11; 9:7 | — | Reinforces unique, eternal Sonship, not one devotee among several addressed affectionately |
| Gehenna / Hell | নৰক | nôrôk | High | (Judgment background) | 9:43-48 | — | Distinguish from Hindu/Buddhist cyclical, karma-proportioned hells |
| Eternal Life | অনন্ত জীৱন | ônôntô jibon | Critical | Kingdom of God Breaking In; Salvation | 10:17,30 | মোক্ষ (self-dissolution into the impersonal absolute — forbidden pattern) | Personal, relational, everlasting life with God, not self-extinction |
| Son of David | দায়ূদৰ পুত্ৰ | Dayudor putro | Critical | The Messianic Secret; Davidic Covenant | 10:47-48; 12:35-37 | — | Related to but distinct from baseline “seed of David”; requires OT covenant note |
| Hosanna | হোচেয়ন্না | Hosenna | Low-Medium | Kingdom of God Breaking In | 11:9-10 | — | Brief gloss required |
| House of prayer / den of robbers | প্ৰাৰ্থনাৰ ঘৰ / চোৰৰ গুহা | — | Medium | (Temple critique background) | 11:17 | — | — |
| Cornerstone | চুকৰ প্ৰধান শিল | chukor prôdhan xil | Medium | The Necessity of the Cross (rejection-vindication pattern) | 12:10 | — | — |
| Abomination of Desolation | উচ্ছন্নতাৰ ঘৃণনীয় বস্তু | usconnôtar ghrinônio bostu | Critical | (Apocalyptic background) | 13:14 | — | Distinguish from cyclical Hindu degeneration concepts (Kali Yuga) |
| Watch / be alert (γρηγορέω) | জাগ্ৰত থাকা | jagrôto thaka | Medium | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | 13:33-37; 14:34,38 | — | Distinguish from yogic “wakeful consciousness” (jāgṛti) |
| Passover | নিস্তাৰ-পৰ্ব | nistar-pôrbo | Medium | The Necessity of the Cross; The Ransom for Many (background) | 14:1,12,14,16 | — | Root reuses baseline-sanctioned নিস্তাৰ (physical/historical deliverance) |
| Blood (of the covenant) | তেজ (নিয়মৰ তেজ) | tez (niyomor tez) | Critical | The Ransom for Many; The Necessity of the Cross | 14:24 | — | Combined with reused নিয়ম; preserves sacrificial + covenant-making senses together |
| Betray / hand over (παραδίδωμι) | শোধাই দিয়া | xodhai diya | High | The Necessity of the Cross | 14:10,18,21,41-44 | — | Dual human-treachery / divine-purpose resonance; flag in notes |
| King of the Jews | যিহুদীৰ ৰজা | Jihudir rôja | High | Jesus as Suffering Servant and Son of God | 15:2,9,12,18,26 | — | Ironic yet true royal-messianic title |
| Temple curtain | মন্দিৰৰ পৰ্দা | môndiror pôrda | Medium | (Access to God, background) | 15:38 | — | মন্দিৰ acceptable here for the literal historical Jerusalem Temple (not for ekklesia/church) |
C. Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- Son of Man vs. Son of God — these are two structurally distinct titles that must never share a rendering or be used interchangeably. Every occurrence of either requires a check against this glossary.
- λύτρον (ransom) carries the single greatest syncretism risk identified in this glossary because of its potential collision with মুক্তি (mokṣa/rebirth-liberation). Any segment containing 10:45 or its surrounding discussion must be automatically routed to human theologian review per the escalation rules in
12_ai_translation_requirements.md. - σῴζω (save/heal) requires context-sensitive rendering across healing narratives (5:34; 6:56; 10:52) and salvation statements (8:35; 10:26; 13:13,20) — flag every occurrence for a translator decision, not a single fixed default.
- δεῖ (divine necessity) and παραδίδωμι (handed over) together carry the theological logic of “The Necessity of the Cross”: Christ’s suffering is neither an accident nor mere human evil, but the outworking of God’s redemptive plan through, not despite, human betrayal.
- ৰাজ্যৰ ৰহস্য (mystery of the kingdom) and The Messianic Secret doctrine broadly require a standing translator note format to be applied consistently at 4:11, 8:29-30, 9:9, and 1:34/1:44 (silencing commands) — these are the same doctrine’s textual anchors and should carry consistent explanatory language across all Phase 2 output.
This glossary extends but does not modify translation_memory.json (Romans baseline, v1). New terms listed under Section B must be added to the working translation memory (incrementing its version number) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Mark begins, per the procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: পৰিত্ৰাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নিস্তাৰ
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER মুক্তি or মোক্ষ. Mark-specific: 8:35; 10:26; 13:13,20; also the salvific pole of the σῴζω dual-sense healing narratives (see save_heal_sozo).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনৰুত্থান
Transliteration: punoruththan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনৰ্জন্ম, পুনৰ্জীৱন
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER পুনৰ্জন্ম. Mark-specific: 6:14; 8:31; 9:9-10,31; 10:34; the Sadducee resurrection-debate (12:18-27, grounded in ‘God of the living, not of the dead’); and the empty tomb (16:6). Mandatory distinguishing note from the সংসাৰ rebirth cycle at first occurrence per document.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্ৰভু
Transliteration: prôbhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: স্বামী, ঈশ্বৰ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 2:28 is Mark’s first explicit Lordship claim (‘the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath’); also 1:3; 5:19; 7:28; 11:3,9; 12:36-37; 13:35. Must NEVER be used to render the condemned domineering-rule verbs κατακυριεύω/κατεξουσιάζω of 10:42 (see domineering_rule) despite the shared κύριος root.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ
Transliteration: Iswôror putrô
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বৰৰ অংশ, দেৱপুৰুষ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 1:1; 3:11; 5:7 (ironic demonic confession); 9:7 (Transfiguration); 14:61-62 (Jesus’ own affirmation before the Sanhedrin); 15:39 (the centurion’s climactic confession, the first full human confession of divine Sonship in the book, answering 4:41’s ‘who then is this?’). Must remain lexically distinct from মানুহৰ পুত্ৰ (Son of Man).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: দেহধাৰণ
Transliteration: dehôdharon
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: অৱতাৰ, প্ৰকাশ
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER অৱতাৰ. Mark-specific: though Mark contains no single explicit incarnation formula, every passage asserting Jesus’ full humanity alongside hidden divine authority (1:1; 9:7; 15:39) is vulnerable to an avatar-descent misreading unless this distinction is maintained in background theological framing and translator notes.
Messiah
Approved rendering: মচীহ / খ্ৰীষ্ট
Transliteration: mosih / Khristo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: অভিষিক্ত ব্যক্তি, অৱতাৰ পুৰুষ
Original: ὁ Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (dual form extended per Mark naming convention). Use খ্ৰীষ্ট where functioning as Jesus’ proper name-title; use মচীহ where discourse is explicitly about OT messianic expectation. Mark-specific: 1:1; 8:29 (Peter’s confession — the narrative/theological hinge of the Gospel); 9:41; 12:35; 13:21; 14:61; 15:32. Must not be assimilated to Sankardev’s reformer status or to Krishna as one of Vishnu’s avatars.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীচু
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈছা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Use যীচু throughout the entire Mark curriculum; never ঈছা.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰ
Transliteration: Iswôr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগৱান, পৰমেশ্বৰ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ভগৱান.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্ৰ আত্মা
Transliteration: pobitrô atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্ৰহ্ম, পৰমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 1:8,10,12 (Jesus’ baptism); 3:29 (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, the unforgivable sin — requires especially careful theological handling); 12:36; 13:11.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্ৰহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকৰ্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: paired with আব্বা at 14:36 (Gethsemane); also 8:38; 11:25; 13:32.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: মানুহৰ পুত্ৰ
Transliteration: manuhor putro
Doctrine: Son of Man Christology
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. Jesus’ preferred, deliberately self-veiling title, fusing a generic Semitic ‘human being’ idiom with the apocalyptic-messianic figure of Daniel 7:13-14. Occurs at 2:10,28; 8:31,38; 9:9,12,31; 10:33,45; 13:26; 14:21,41,62. Must remain lexically distinct from ঈশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ (Son of God) — the two titles are never interchangeable. Mandatory translator note at first occurrence (2:10) explaining the Daniel 7 background and the title’s function within the Messianic Secret.
Ransom
Approved rendering: উদ্ধাৰ-মূল্য
Transliteration: uddhar-mulyô
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তিমূল্য, প্ৰতিদান
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW. Single highest-priority term in the entire book. Mark 10:45; 14:24 (completed in covenant blood). Existing Bengali-Assamese Bible usage sometimes builds this word on the মুক্তি root (মুক্তিমূল্য), which collides directly with the forbidden মুক্তি/মোক্ষ pattern (liberation from the সংসাৰ rebirth cycle). উদ্ধাৰ-মূল্য is built on the baseline-sanctioned উদ্ধাৰ/নিস্তাৰ family for historical, non-cyclical deliverance. প্ৰতিদান is rejected as too commercial, losing the substitutionary/sacrificial force. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Substitution Anti Pollon
Approved rendering: …ৰ সলনি
Transliteration: …r sôlôni
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: …ৰ কাৰণে, …ৰ বাবে
Original: ἀντὶ πολλῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders ἀντὶ πολλῶν (‘in place of/in exchange for many’), Mark 10:45. ἀντί is a strong substitutionary preposition; must never soften to …ৰ কাৰণে/বাবে (‘for the sake of’), which flattens substitution into mere general benefit. ‘Many’ must not be footnoted as a numerically closed elect group.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: অনন্ত জীৱন
Transliteration: ônôntô jibon
Doctrine: Eternal Life and the Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Mark 10:17,30 — the rich young man’s question. Everlasting, personal, relational life with a personal God, the believer’s self intact, not self-dissolution into an impersonal absolute. Never মোক্ষ.
Beloved Son
Approved rendering: মোৰ প্ৰিয় পুত্ৰ
Transliteration: mor priyô putro
Doctrine: Transfiguration and Beloved Sonship
Original: ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
NEW. Mark 1:11 (baptism); 9:7 (Transfiguration). The Father’s direct voice confirming unique, unrepeatable Sonship — must not read as one especially favored bhakta among several addressed with filial affection in bhakti devotional literature, nor as a Krishna-style avatar self-disclosure moment.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদৰ পুত্ৰ
Transliteration: Dayudor putro
Doctrine: Son of David and Messianic Acclamation
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW. Mark 10:47-48 (Bartimaeus’s cry — the first open messianic acclamation by an outsider in the book); 12:35-37 (Jesus’ Davidic riddle). Distinct from but related to the baseline’s দায়ূদৰ বংশৰ (seed of David); requires OT Davidic-covenant background note, as no analogous royal-lineage covenant concept exists in Ekasarana or wider Assamese Vaishnavite tradition.
I Am Ego Eimi
Approved rendering: মই আছোঁ
Transliteration: moi asü
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Nature
Rejected alternatives: হয়, মই খ্ৰীষ্ট (expanded paraphrase)
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι
Category: Christology
NEW. Mark 6:50 (walking on water) and 14:62 (before the Sanhedrin). Ordinary self-identification that also echoes the divine self-naming of Exodus 3:14 LXX. The bare Assamese phrase carries none of this resonance on its own and risks reading as a casual ‘it’s just me’; mandatory translator note at every occurrence. Must not be expanded/smoothed into a paraphrase that loses the bare, literal echo.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: ৰাজ্যৰ ৰহস্য
Transliteration: rajyor rôhosyô
Doctrine: Parables and the Mystery of the Kingdom
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Mark 4:11. Direct collision risk with tantric/Vedantic ‘rahasya’ traditions, where secret knowledge is guru-imparted and permanently gated to initiates. Mandatory standing note applied consistently at every anchor passage (1:34; 1:44; 4:11; 8:29-30; 9:9): Mark’s mystery is progressive, historically unfolding revelation moving toward open, public proclamation (4:22; 13:10; 16:15), never a permanently closed esoteric gnosis.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্ৰ আত্মাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে নিন্দা
Transliteration: pobitrô atmar biruddhe ninda
Doctrine: Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: Sin
NEW. Mark 3:28-29. The one sin Mark identifies as unforgivable — deliberate, willful attribution of the Spirit’s clearly divine work to Satan. Must not be softened into general disrespect or generalized into any sin against God.
Cross
Approved rendering: ক্ৰুচ
Transliteration: krus
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 8:34 (discipleship metaphor, ‘take up his cross’); 15:13-27 (literal crucifixion). Established Assamese Christian transliteration; the specific historical Roman execution instrument, never a generic metaphor for hardship or interchangeable with Satra ascetic self-denial. Distinguish literal (ch.15) from metaphorical (8:34) usage.
Slave Doulos
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 10:44 (‘slave of all’). The strongest servitude term available in Greek. দাস carries real risk of evoking historical bonded-labor/caste-servitude associations in Assamese social memory. Mandatory translator note clarifying this is voluntary self-giving in the pattern of Christ (cf. Philippians 2), never an assignment of social/caste status; kept lexically distinct from সেৱক.
Blood Of Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়মৰ তেজ
Transliteration: niyomor tez
Doctrine: Passover and the New Covenant
Original: τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Salvation
NEW. Mark 14:24. Compound of তেজ (new term, ‘blood’) plus নিয়ম (reused covenant term); must preserve both the sacrificial and covenant-establishing senses together, and directly ties Jesus’ death to the ransom of 10:45. Compound must not be split.
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: উচ্ছন্নতাৰ ঘৃণনীয় বস্তু
Transliteration: usconnôtar ghrinônio bostu
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Hope and Watchfulness amid Fear
Original: τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Mark 13:14, citing Daniel. A specific, historically locatable, once-for-all act of desecration signaling catastrophic judgment; must not be assimilated to cyclical Hindu degeneration concepts (e.g., descent into Kali Yuga).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচাৰ
Transliteration: xusomacar
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: ভাল খবৰ, শুভবাৰ্তা
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, risk, and rejected alternatives). Mark-specific: Mark 1:1 uses this word to name the entire book — ‘the beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God’ — establishing genre and theological claim from the first verse. Must not be softened to generic ‘good news’ or read as one devotional teaching among several in the Ekasarana naam tradition. Recurs at 1:14-15, 8:35, 10:29, 13:10, 14:9, 16:15.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্ৰহ
Transliteration: anugrôh
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, দয়া, বৰ, সৌভাগ্য, পুণ্য
Inherited from Romans package. Not a headline doctrine in Mark but appears in background discipleship contexts; must not drift toward কৰুণা/কৃপা (reserved for ordinary non-salvific compassion, see compassion entry) or বৰ (merit-for-devotion boon).
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: biswax
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: শ্ৰদ্ধা, ভক্তি
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: frequently occurs in dual healing/salvation contexts (5:34; 10:52, see save_heal_sozo) and in the faith-amid-fear pairing (4:40; 5:36; 9:23-24). The object of faith (Jesus) must always be recoverable from context; never ভক্তি (Ekasarana devotional surrender).
Called
Approved rendering: মতা
Transliteration: matā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: আমন্ত্ৰিত, নিমন্ত্ৰণ কৰা
Original: καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: calling of the first disciples (1:20) and of sinners (2:17).
Calling
Approved rendering: মতনি
Transliteration: motoni
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: আমন্ত্ৰণ
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: the appointment of the Twelve (3:13).
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্ৰ
Transliteration: pobitrô
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নিৰ্মল
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: the unclean spirit’s recognition of Jesus as ‘the Holy One of God’ (1:24); also 6:20; 8:38. Keep distinct from শুচি (ritual/physical cleanliness, see leprosy_cleanse).
Law
Approved rendering: বিধান
Transliteration: bidhan
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ধৰ্ম, নিয়ম
Original: νόμος / ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: Mark more often uses ἐντολή (‘commandment’) than νόμος; apply বিধান only where Torah/Mosaic law itself is meant, as in the Greatest Commandment discussion (12:28-34).
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধৰ্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 1:4-5; 2:5-10 (Jesus’ forgiveness of sins, see forgive_sins); 3:28-29 (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit).
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: môhima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দেৱজ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 8:38 (future eschatological glory of the Son of Man’s return); 10:37 (James and John’s request for seats ‘in your glory’ — contrast sharply with the servant-and-ransom glory Jesus actually reveals in 10:45); 13:26.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰৰ শক্তি
Transliteration: Iswôror xôkti
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: বল
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: renders δύναμις (raw power) at 5:30; 9:1; 12:24; 13:26. Must be kept lexically distinguishable from অধিকাৰ (ἐξουσία, delegated right to act, see authority_exousia) wherever both concepts occur near each other, e.g. 1:22 (teaching with authority) vs. 1:27 (astonishment at power).
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyôm
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, বন্দোবস্ত
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: combined with new term তেজ (blood) at 14:24 to render ‘my blood of the covenant’ (see blood_of_covenant), preserving both sacrificial and covenant-making senses together.
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰৰ মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Iswôror monônoyon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কপাল
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific background: 10:40’s ἡτοίμασται (‘it has been prepared’) — positions in the kingdom rest in the Father’s sovereign, prior determination, never impersonal fate or karma-destiny.
Providence
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰৰ বিধান
Transliteration: Iswôror bidhan
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, কৰ্মফল
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: undergirds 10:40 (‘for those for whom it has been prepared’) and 14:36 (‘not what I will, but what you will’) — God’s personal, purposive governance of the passion events, never fate or karma.
Abba
Approved rendering: আব্বা
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 14:36, Jesus’ own Gethsemane prayer — retain the transliteration alongside পিতা rather than reducing to formal পিতা alone.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদৰ বংশৰ
Transliteration: Dayudor bôngxôr
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific background for the distinct but related new term দায়ূদৰ পুত্ৰ (‘Son of David’, see son_of_david) at 10:47-48 and 12:35-37; requires OT covenant background note, as there is no analogous royal-lineage covenant concept in Ekasarana or wider Assamese Vaishnavite tradition.
Save Heal Sozo
Approved rendering: সুস্থ কৰা / পৰিত্ৰাণ
Transliteration: susthô kôra / poritran
Doctrine: Faith that Saves and Heals
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Context-sensitive dual-register rendering of σῴζω: সুস্থ কৰা for physical healing, পৰিত্ৰাণ (reuse) for the salvific sense. Flag every occurrence (5:34; 6:56; 10:52) for translator decision rather than a fixed default; Mark deliberately intends both registers heard simultaneously at 5:34 and 10:52.
Give Life Psyche
Approved rendering: প্ৰাণ দান কৰা
Transliteration: pran dan kôra
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: আত্মা দান কৰা
Original: δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Mark 10:45, δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ (‘to give his life/soul’), echoing Isaiah 53:10. Render প্ৰাণ (whole life/self), never আত্মা, which is reserved for ‘spirit’ (especially পবিত্ৰ আত্মা) and risks a Vedantic ātman/soul-survival reading disconnected from Christ’s bodily, historical self-giving.
Do Not Fear
Approved rendering: ভয় নকৰিব
Transliteration: bhoy no-kôriba
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: μὴ φοβεῖσθε
Category: Faith
NEW. Mark 4:40; 5:36; 6:50. Command against fear, met not by denial of frightening circumstance but by Christ’s own presence and word — never a call to suppress emotion through self-directed calming (naam-kirtan/japa).
Unbelief
Approved rendering: অবিশ্বাস
Transliteration: obiswax
Doctrine: Unbelief and Hardness of Heart
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Faith
NEW. Mark 6:6 (‘he marveled at their unbelief’); 9:24. Direct antonym of established বিশ্বাস; describes persistent spiritual dullness despite evident authority, not ordinary intellectual doubt.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: যিহুদীৰ ৰজা
Transliteration: Jihudir rôja
Doctrine: Crucifixion and Ironic Kingship
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Christology
NEW. Mark 15:2,9,12,18,26. Ironic royal-messianic title used mockingly at the point of deepest humiliation, yet objectively true — literally fulfills the ‘right and left’ imagery of 10:37 in the two thieves crucified beside Jesus (15:27).
Repentance
Approved rendering: মন-পালটন
Transliteration: mon-paloton
Doctrine: Repentance and Kingdom Entry
Rejected alternatives: তপস্যা, প্ৰায়শ্চিত্ত
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Mark 1:4,15; 6:12. Inward reorientation of mind and will toward God; must not be read as merit-earning ritual penance or austerity.
Authority Exousia
Approved rendering: অধিকাৰ
Transliteration: odhikar
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature
Rejected alternatives: ক্ষমতা (secondary gloss only)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Authority
NEW. Mark 1:22,27; 2:10; 11:28-33. Delegated divine right to act, distinct from ঈশ্বৰৰ শক্তি (δύναμις, raw power, see power_of_god). ক্ষমতা may appear only as an occasional secondary gloss, never as the primary glossary rendering, to avoid the two Greek concepts collapsing into one Assamese word.
Domineering Rule
Approved rendering: প্ৰভুত্ব দেখুৱাই অত্যাচাৰ কৰা
Transliteration: prôbhutwô dekhuwai otyachar kôra
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Rejected alternatives: প্ৰভু হয় (direct cognate reuse of the প্ৰভু root)
Original: κατακυριεύουσιν / κατεξουσιάζουσιν
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 10:42 (κατακυριεύουσιν/κατεξουσιάζουσιν), immediately preceding the core passage’s ransom saying (10:45). Because these Greek compounds share the κύριος root with প্ৰভু (Critical Lordship term), a literal cognate-for-cognate rendering risks blurring Christ’s own exclusive Lordship with this passage’s condemned domineering rule. Must be rendered with this distinct descriptive phrase, never with any form built on the প্ৰভু root.
Unclean Spirit Demon
Approved rendering: অশুচি আত্মা / দুষ্ট আত্মা
Transliteration: oxuchi atma / dushto atma
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin (Demonic Power)
Rejected alternatives: ভূত
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Authority
NEW. Mark 1:23-27,34,39; 3:22-30; 5:1-20; 7:24-30; 9:14-29. Personal, hostile spirit-beings under Satan’s dominion. NEVER ভূত, which trivializes these beings as wandering ancestral/folk ghosts rather than agents of organized spiritual rebellion.
Satan
Approved rendering: শয়তান
Transliteration: Xoytan
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin (Demonic Power)
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Authority
NEW. Mark 1:13; 3:23,26; 4:15; 8:33. Must denote a personal evil being, chief ruler of the demonic realm, not an impersonal principle of evil or a folk trickster figure.
Forgive Sins
Approved rendering: পাপ ক্ষমা কৰা
Transliteration: pap khyôma kôra
Doctrine: Authority to Forgive Sins
Rejected alternatives: সাধাৰণ ক্ষমা
Original: ἀφίενται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι
Category: Authority
NEW. Mark 2:5-10. A direct divine-prerogative claim, confirmed by the scribes’ objection (‘who can forgive sins but God alone?’); never a casual social pardon.
Defile Unclean Koinoo
Approved rendering: অশুচি কৰা
Transliteration: oxuchi kôra
Doctrine: Purity Redefined
Original: κοινόω
Category: Sin
NEW. Mark 7:15,18-23. Marks Jesus’ pivot from ceremonial-food impurity to inward moral impurity originating in the heart; must not be directly conflated with পাপ (sin), though the connection Jesus draws should be visible.
Must Dei
Approved rendering: নিশ্চয় হ’ব লাগিব
Transliteration: nisocôy hobo lagibo
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্যত থাকে
Original: δεῖ
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 8:31; 9:31; 13:10. δεῖ, binding divine necessity rooted in God’s redemptive plan. Must convey purposive divine necessity, never impersonal fate/karma-inevitability. NEVER ভাগ্যত থাকে.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: নিজকে অস্বীকাৰ কৰা
Transliteration: nizoke oswikar kôra
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Original: ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτόν
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 8:34. Total self-renunciation as the precondition of discipleship. Note deliberate irony: disciples told to deny themselves, yet Peter instead denies Jesus (14:68-72) using the same root verb toward the opposite object.
Servanthood Diakonos
Approved rendering: সেৱক
Transliteration: sebok
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Rejected alternatives: ভৃত্য, চাকৰ
Original: διάκονος
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 9:35; 10:43. Dignified, active table-servant/minister term. Must be kept lexically distinct from দাস (see slave_doulos) so the rhetorical escalation from ‘servant’ to ‘slave of all’ (10:43-44) is not flattened. ভৃত্য/চাকৰ (ordinary hired-help words) are excluded as too weak.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: সমাজ-গৃহ
Transliteration: samaj-grih
Doctrine: Synagogue and Ekklesia Distinction
Rejected alternatives: নামঘৰ, মন্দিৰ
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church
NEW. Mark 1:21,23,29,39; 3:1; 5:22; 6:2. Must NOT be rendered নামঘৰ (the Ekasarana Dharma prayer-house institution, forbidden per baseline church entry) despite a real functional-institutional parallel; also distinct from মণ্ডলী (church/ekklesia).
Betray Hand Over
Approved rendering: শোধাই দিয়া
Transliteration: xodhai diya
Doctrine: Betrayal and Divine Sovereignty
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Mark 14:10-11,18-21,41-46. παραδίδωμι describes both Judas’s treachery and, implicitly, the Father’s redemptive ‘handing over’ of the Son; must not be read as pure accident or pure human evil severed from God’s sovereign plan, and never rendered with fatalistic (ভাগ্য/কৰ্মফল) overtones.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: নৰক
Transliteration: nôrôk
Doctrine: Necessity of the Cross (Judgment background)
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Mark 9:43-48. নৰক is the standard Hindu/Buddhist cosmological term for one of many temporary, karma-proportioned hells from which a soul is eventually reborn; mandatory note distinguishing Gehenna as a specific, final, non-cyclical place of judgment. No better native option exists; retain the word but always with the note.
Baptism
Approved rendering: বাপ্তিস্ম
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Repentance and Kingdom Entry
Rejected alternatives: স্নান
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Mark 1:4-11 (John’s baptism of repentance; Jesus’ own baptism) and 10:38-39 (metaphorical extension to Jesus’ coming suffering/death — ‘the baptism I am baptized with’). Never স্নান (generic ritual bathing, lacks repentance-faith signification). Mandatory note at 10:38 distinguishing the literal rite from the metaphorical use.
Fear Phobos
Approved rendering: ভয়
Transliteration: bhoy
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
NEW. Noun form of φόβος distinct from the command form (see do_not_fear). Mark 4:41 (‘they were filled with great fear’ — reverential awe at Jesus’ authority, distinct from anxious unbelief); 16:8 (the women’s fear at the empty tomb — the Gospel’s earliest-attested ending closes on trembling silence, a deliberately unresolved note that must not be smoothed into simple triumph).
Blessed Who Comes In Name Of Lord
Approved rendering: প্ৰভুৰ নামত অহা [জন ধন্য]
Transliteration: prôbhur namôt oha [zon dhonyô]
Doctrine: Son of David and Messianic Acclamation
NEW. Mark 11:9, citing Psalm 118:26, part of the Triumphal Entry acclamation. Reuses the প্ৰভু root in its liturgical-scriptural-citation sense; care must be taken that this citation-context use does not blur with the condemned domineering-rule term (see domineering_rule) elsewhere in the same chapters.
Eloi Eloi Lama Sabachthani
Approved rendering: এলোই, এলোই, লামা শবক্তানী
Transliteration: Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: direct translation only, dropping the Aramaic
NEW. Mark 15:34, ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’ Retain the Aramaic transliteration followed by the Assamese gloss (মোৰ ঈশ্বৰ, মোৰ ঈশ্বৰ, তুমি মোক কিয় পৰিত্যাগ কৰিলা), parallel to the আব্বা pattern at 14:36, to preserve Mark’s historical-eyewitness texture rather than translating the cry directly and dropping the Aramaic.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্ৰেৰিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: দূত, গুৰু
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 3:14 (formal appointment of the Twelve as ἀπόστολοι), 6:30. Never গুৰু — would collapse apostolic authority into the Satradhikar guru-succession role.
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: xanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, প্ৰশান্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: keep the nature-authority context (4:39, ‘Peace! Be still!’) distinct in translator notes from the relational/ethical contexts (5:34; 9:50).
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: môndoli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দিৰ, নামঘৰ
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: not directly named in Mark’s narrative but functions as the essential background contrast term for the synagogue distinction (see synagogue) and for the doctrine ‘synagogue_and_ekklesia_distinction’; never নামঘৰ.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰৰ ৰাজ্য
Transliteration: Iswôror rajyo
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: thesis statement at 1:15 (ἤγγικεν, ‘has come near’ — render with a present-perfect construction such as ‘ওচৰ চাপি আহিছে’ conveying already-breaking-in reign, not only future hope); also 4:11,26,30; 9:1,47; 10:14-15,23-25; 12:34; 14:25. Sensitive to Assam’s Ahom-kingdom political history — never a territorial/political reading.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: অনযাতি
Transliteration: onyojati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific caution: at 10:42 (τῶν ἐθνῶν, ‘rulers of the nations/Gentiles’), the word carries a general political ‘worldly rulers’ sense rather than the Jew/Gentile theological distinction central to Romans; do not force the Romans-weighted theological reading onto this general usage — add a distinguishing note.
Mission
Approved rendering: সুসমাচাৰ প্ৰচাৰ
Transliteration: xusomacar prôcar
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 13:10 (‘the gospel must first be proclaimed to all nations’); 16:15 (longer-ending commission). Preferred over মিছন for the same colonial/institutional-association reasons documented in the baseline.
David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 2:25; 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্ৰায়েল
Transliteration: Israyel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 12:29 (Greatest Commandment, Shema); 15:32 (crucifixion mockery, ‘King of Israel’).
Hardened Heart
Approved rendering: কঠিন হৃদয়
Transliteration: kôthin hridôy
Doctrine: Unbelief and Hardness of Heart
Original: πεπωρωμένη ἡ καρδία
Category: Faith
NEW. Mark 6:52; 8:17. Natural, low-collision Assamese idiom; must not be softened to mere ‘stubbornness’ without the spiritual-perception dimension.
Parable
Approved rendering: দৃষ্টান্ত
Transliteration: dristanto
Doctrine: Parables and the Mystery of the Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: উপকথা
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Mark 4:2-34; 12:1-12; 13:28. Distinguish from a generic moral fable/folk-tale (উপকথা), which lacks the revelatory/concealing function Jesus’ parables perform.
Rebuke Nature
Approved rendering: ধমকি দিয়া
Transliteration: dhomoki diya
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Nature
Original: ἐπετίμησεν
Category: Authority
NEW. Mark 4:39, ἐπετίμησεν (‘he rebuked the wind’). Natural, low-risk rendering; the theological weight lies in the authority displayed, structurally tied to the ‘who then is this?’ question (4:41).
Leprosy Cleanse
Approved rendering: কুষ্ঠ ৰোগ / শুচি কৰা
Transliteration: kustha rog / suchi kôra
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Original: λέπρα / καθαρίζω
Category: Authority
NEW. Mark 1:40-45. শুচি (ritual/physical cleanliness) is appropriate here, kept distinct from পবিত্ৰ (moral-relational holiness).
Sabbath
Approved rendering: বিশ্ৰাম বাৰ
Transliteration: bisram bar
Doctrine: Sabbath Lordship
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
NEW. Mark 2:23-28; 3:1-6. Requires OT Sabbath-commandment background note for readers with low OT literacy; primarily a comprehension, not syncretism, risk.
Passover
Approved rendering: নিস্তাৰ-পৰ্ব
Transliteration: nistar-pôrbo
Doctrine: Passover and the New Covenant
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
NEW. Mark 14:1,12,14,16. Reuses the baseline-sanctioned নিস্তাৰ (‘rescue,’ acceptable for physical/historical deliverance narrative) as its root, avoiding মুক্তি/mokṣa associations; sets the Last Supper within the Exodus-deliverance framework.
Tradition Of Elders
Approved rendering: পুৰুষানুক্ৰমে পোৱা প্ৰথা
Transliteration: purushanukrome powa protha
Doctrine: Purity Redefined
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Covenant
NEW. Mark 7:3-13. Inherited human religious custom, contrasted by Jesus with God’s actual commandment; resonant given Assam’s own layered inherited devotional customs.
House Of Prayer Den Of Robbers
Approved rendering: প্ৰাৰ্থনাৰ ঘৰ / চোৰৰ গুহা
Transliteration: prarthonar ghor / chorôr guha
Doctrine: Temple Judgment and Prayer
Original: οἶκος προσευχῆς / σπήλαιον λῃστῶν
Category: Church
NEW. Mark 11:17, citing Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11. Prophetic judgment on worship corrupted by commerce/exploitation.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: চুকৰ প্ৰধান শিল
Transliteration: chukor prôdhan xil
Doctrine: Parables and the Mystery of the Kingdom
Original: κεφαλὴν γωνίας
Category: Christology
NEW. Mark 12:10, citing Psalm 118:22 in the parable of the tenants — the rejected stone that becomes foundational, predicting the Messiah’s rejection-then-vindication pattern.
Temple Curtain
Approved rendering: মন্দিৰৰ পৰ্দা
Transliteration: môndiror pôrda
Doctrine: Temple Judgment and Prayer
Original: τὸ καταπέτασμα
Category: Church
NEW. Mark 15:38, torn in two at Jesus’ death. মন্দিৰ is acceptable here for the literal historical Jerusalem Temple building, distinct from its rejection as a rendering for church/ekklesia.
Watch Be Alert
Approved rendering: জাগ্ৰত থাকা
Transliteration: jagrôto thaka
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Hope and Watchfulness amid Fear
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Mark 13:33-37; 14:34,38. Ethical-eschatological readiness for Christ’s return, distinguished from yogic/Vedantic ‘wakeful consciousness’ (jāgṛti) as an altered meditative state.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বৰৰ ইচ্ছা
Transliteration: Iswôror iচچha
Doctrine: True Family and the Will of God
Original: τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW. Mark 3:35 (redefines true family around obedience to God’s will, not blood kinship); echoed at 14:36 (Gethsemane). Moderate risk given Assamese extended-family/caste social structures.
Compassion
Approved rendering: কৰুণাবোধ কৰা
Transliteration: korunābodh kôra
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Breaking In
Rejected alternatives: দয়া (alone)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: God
NEW. Mark 1:41; 6:34; 8:2, σπλαγχνίζομαι. Deep, visceral, active compassion motivating Jesus’ healing/feeding miracles; avoid bare দয়া, which reads as passive pity and risks the baseline’s rejected-‘grace’-alternative register.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: হোচেয়ন্না
Transliteration: Hosenna
Doctrine: Son of David and Messianic Acclamation
Original: Ὡσαννά
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Mark 11:9-10. Liturgical acclamation from Psalm 118 (‘save now, save please’); transliterate with a brief gloss at first occurrence rather than paraphrase, to preserve the scriptural intertextual echo.
Greatest Commandment
Approved rendering: প্ৰেম কৰিব
Transliteration: prem kôriba
Doctrine: The Greatest Commandment
Original: ἀγαπήσεις
Category: Covenant
NEW. Mark 12:30-31, citing Deuteronomy 6:4-5 and Leviticus 19:18. Covenantal, total love as the summary of the Law’s intent; moderate risk of being heard as devotional bhakti-sentiment rather than covenantal obedience.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabôbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: 1:2; 6:4,15; 8:28; 11:32.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabôbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Mark-specific: Mark’s opening citation of Isaiah/Malachi (1:2-3).
Corban
Approved rendering: কৰ্বান
Transliteration: korban
Doctrine: Corban and Legalistic Vow Technicality
Original: κορβάν (Hebrew קָרְבָּן)
Category: Covenant
NEW. Mark 7:11. Transliterated Hebrew/Aramaic vow-formula; requires a brief explanatory gloss. Minor comprehension risk only, not a syncretism risk.
Legion
Approved rendering: লেজিয়ন
Transliteration: Lejion
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin (Demonic Power)
NEW. Mark 5:9,15. Proper-name transliteration naming the mass/military scale of the demonic oppression in the Gerasene demoniac narrative; used alongside অশুচি আত্মা.
Synagogue Ruler
Approved rendering: সমাজ-গৃহৰ অধ্যক্ষ
Transliteration: samaj-grihôr odhyokkho
Doctrine: Synagogue and Ekklesia Distinction
NEW. Mark 5:22, ἀρχισυνάγωγος, Jairus’s title. Compound of সমাজ-গৃহ (see synagogue) plus অধ্যক্ষ (ruler/head); low comprehension risk.
Referenced passages