Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians — Azerbaijani
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all thirteen chapters of 2 Corinthians. Section A lists terms already established in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json, which must be reused exactly with no re-litigation of the rendering. Section B lists new terms introduced by 2 Corinthians, organized by the curriculum’s eight named doctrines. Section C gives a risk-tier summary.
All renderings follow the Institute for Bible Translation (IBT) register and modern Azerbaijani Latin orthography, per the baseline Language Package conventions.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English Term | Azerbaijani Term | Baseline Risk | Key 2 Corinthians Occurrences | 2 Cor-Specific Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Allah | Critical | throughout | Also underlies the “god of this age” (4:4) risk — see Section B |
| Jesus | İsa | Critical | throughout | Must remain paired with Məsih; esp. sensitive at 11:4 (“another Jesus”) |
| Messiah/Christ | Məsih | Critical | throughout | — |
| Lord | Rəbb | Critical | 1:2-3; 4:5; 5:6-8; 8:9; 10:17-18; 13:14 | 10:17 “boast in the Lord” reuses this term positively |
| Holy Spirit | Müqəddəs Ruh | Critical | 1:22; 3:3,6,8,17-18; 5:5; 6:6; 13:14 | Central to letter/Spirit contrast (ch.3) and closing benediction (13:14) |
| Father | Ata | Critical | 1:3; 6:18; 11:31 | 1:3 “Father of mercies” qualifies without weakening |
| Salvation | Xilas | Critical | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 | 6:2 “day of salvation” reinforces present-tense reality |
| Righteousness | Salehlik | Critical | 3:9; 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 | 5:21 is the passage’s doctrinal peak; 9:9-10 risk of blending with “good work” language |
| Imputed Righteousness | Hesaba alınan salehlik | Critical | 5:19 (conceptually), 5:21 | 5:19’s “not counting trespasses” is the negative-ledger counterpart |
| Grace | Lütf | High | 1:12; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,9; 9:8,14-15; 12:9; 13:14 | Anchor term for “Generosity and Grace in Giving” and “Power in Weakness” |
| Faith | İman | High | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5 | 13:5’s self-examination must not import Judgment-Day uncertainty |
| Apostle | Həvari | Medium | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 | Elevated attention in chs.10-12 due to false-apostle polemic |
| Church | Kilsə | Medium | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 | Contrasted with “temple of the living God” (6:16) as corporate, not building-based |
| Fellowship | Ünsiyyət | Low | 1:7 (implied); 6:14; 8:4; 13:14 | Reused at the climactic Trinitarian benediction (13:14) |
| Sin | Günah | High | 5:21; 11:7 | 5:21 “made him to be sin” is the letter’s most sensitive sin-related clause |
| Glory | Ehtişam | High | 1:20; 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6,15,17; 8:19,23 | Central to ch.3-4; reinforce avoidance of nur especially here |
| Covenant | Əhd | Medium | 3:6,14 | Qualified “Yeni Əhd” (New Covenant) — see Section B for the compound term |
| Sanctification | Təqdisetmə | High | 7:1 (holiness); 3:18 (transformed) | Conceptual link to “being transformed” (3:18) |
| Holy | Müqəddəs | High | 1:1 (saints); 7:1; 13:12 (holy kiss) | — |
| Saints | Müqəddəslər | High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 | Corporate designation; avoid övliyalar associations per baseline |
| Power of God | Allahın qüdrəti | High | 1:8 (implied); 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 | Anchor term for “Power in Weakness,” esp. 12:9 |
| Obedience of Faith | İmanın gətirdiyi itaət | High | 10:5 (“obedience of Christ,” related concept) | Must not become dini vəzifə (duty-performance) |
| Assurance of Salvation (doctrine, not single term) | — | Critical | 1:7,10; 5:1,6-8; 13:5 | Governs “faith not sight” (5:7) and self-examination (13:5) |
| Thanksgiving | Şükran | Low | 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15 | Low risk throughout; genuine resonance point |
| Exhort | Nəsihət vermək / yalvarmaq | Low | 1:4-6; 2:8; 5:20; 6:1; 7:6-7,13; 8:4,6; 9:5; 10:1; 12:8,18; 13:11 | Context-sensitive per baseline note; 5:20’s usage leans toward yalvarmaq (urgent appeal) |
| Mission (to the Nations) | Müjdə yayma xidməti | Medium | 5:18-20; 10:16 | Underlies “ministry of reconciliation” as a mission mandate |
| Gospel | Müjdə | High | 2:12; 4:3-4; 8:18; 9:13; 10:14; 11:4,7 | 11:4 “a different gospel” — must be qualified “başqa bir müjdə,” never bare İncil |
| Israel | İsrail | Medium | 11:22 | Paul’s self-identification as a Hebrew/Israelite |
| Incarnation (doctrine) | Bədən alma | Critical | 8:9 (kenosis statement, conceptually related) | See Section B, “kenosis of Christ” for the specific new phrase |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians (by Doctrine)
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barışdırma | bah-ruhsh-duhr-MAH | Critical | καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω | katallagē / katallassō | Reconciliation / to reconcile | 5:18-20 | Rejected: leaving unexplained as symmetric human-quarrel “barışma” alone, without clarifying God as the wronged-yet-initiating party; must not imply mutual fault. No equivalent in Islamic soteriology, which relies on direct repentance/mercy without a mediated, Christ-accomplished reconciliation. |
| Hamı üçün öldü | hah-MUH ew-CHEWN url-DEW | High | εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν | heis hyper pantōn apethanen | One died for all | 5:14-15 | Substitutionary/representative death; must not be softened to a merely exemplary or inspirational death. Directly confronts Qur’an 4:157 and 6:164’s denial of vicarious atonement/death. |
| Onu bizim üçün günah yerinə qoydu | oh-NOO bee-ZEEM ew-CHEWN goo-NAHKH yeh-ree-NAH koh-DOO | Critical | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | hamartian epoiēsen | He made him to be sin | 5:21 | Rejected: a bare literal “onu günah etdi” (“made him sin/sinful”), which risks implying Christ became morally corrupted. Must convey substitutionary imputation of guilt, not a change in Christ’s sinless nature. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Hesaba almamaq | heh-sah-BAH ahl-mah-MAKH | High | μὴ λογιζόμενος | mē logizomenos | Not counting [trespasses] against them | 5:19 | Negative-ledger counterpart to baseline’s “Hesaba alınan salehlik” (imputed righteousness); must be taught as the same forensic-accounting framework, not a separate concept. |
| Bərpa/Barışma sözü | bar-pah / bah-ruhsh-MAH suh-ZEW | Critical | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | logos tēs katallagēs | The message/word of reconciliation | 5:19 | Inherits Barışdırma’s Critical risk profile. |
| Elçi | el-CHEE | Medium | πρεσβευτής / πρεσβεύω | presbeutēs / presbeuō | Ambassador | 5:20 | Distinguish from Peyğəmbər (prophet, an exclusive closed category) and from Həvari (apostle, baseline term); denotes authorized representative speech, not independent authority. |
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeni yaradılış | yeh-NEE yah-rah-duh-LUSH | High | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | New creation | 5:17 | Distinguish present, personal new-identity sense from future cosmic “new heavens and new earth”; no Islamic anthropological parallel (fitrə holds humans born morally neutral, not needing ontological re-creation). |
| Cismə görə | jees-MAH gur-AY | Medium | κατὰ σάρκα | kata sarka | According to the flesh | 5:16 | ”By merely human/external standards,” not a denial of Christ’s genuine human descent. |
| Məsihdə | mah-SEEKH-dah | High | ἐν Χριστῷ | en Christō | In Christ | 5:17 | Reuses/extends baseline doctrine “Christian Identity in Christ” (High in Romans registry). |
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Təsəlli | tah-sel-LEE | Medium | παράκλησις | paraklēsis | Comfort/encouragement | 1:3-7; 7:4,13; 13:11 | Must convey God’s active comforting presence, not fatalistic resignation (“it was written”) or mere stoic self-consolation. |
| Sıxıntı | suh-huhn-TUH | Medium | θλῖψις | thlipsis | Affliction | 1:4-8; 2:4; 4:8,17; 6:4; 7:4-5; 8:2,13 | Retain the weight of real suffering endured for the gospel; not generic “problems.” |
| Zahiri insan / Daxili insan | zah-hee-REE ehn-SAHN / dah-khee-LEE ehn-SAHN | Low | ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | ho exō anthrōpos / ho esō anthrōpos | Outer man / inner man | 4:16 | Avoid importing a body-is-evil/soul-is-good dualistic reading. |
| Saxsı qablarda xəzinə | sahkh-SUH kahb-lar-DAH khah-zee-NAH | Low-Medium | θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | thēsauron en ostrakinois skeuesin | Treasure in jars of clay | 4:7 | Anchor image for “Power in Weakness” as well; low doctrinal risk, imagery-comprehension focus. |
| Çadır (bədən) | chah-DUHR (bah-DAN) | Low-Medium | σκῆνος | skēnos | Earthly tent (the body) | 5:1,4 | Metaphor for the body’s temporariness; contrasted with “Allahdan olan bina” (building from God). |
| Yüngül əzab / Əbədi ehtişam ağırlığı | yewn-GEWL ah-ZAHB / ah-bah-DEE eh-htee-SHAHM ah-uhr-luh-UH | Medium | ἐλαφρὸν τῆς θλίψεως… αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | elaphron tēs thlipseōs… aiōnion baros doxēs | Light affliction… eternal weight of glory | 4:17 | Must not be read as a cause-effect wage (suffering earns glory); glory is God’s gracious outcome. |
| Bu dövrün allahı | boo dur-REWN ahl-lah-HUH | Critical | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | ho theos tou aiōnos toutou | The god of this age (Satan) | 4:4 | Mandatory qualifying/quoted construction; never an unqualified doctrinal statement implying a second true deity. Consider periphrasis (“bu dünyanın hökmranı,” the ruler of this world) as an alternative pending theologian decision. |
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeni Əhd | yeh-NEE akhd | High | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | New covenant | 3:6,14 | Builds on baseline Əhd; risk that readers hear only a book-title (“New Testament”) rather than a living covenant-relationship replacing law-code religion. |
| Hərf / Ruh | harf / rookh | High | γράμμα / πνεῦμα | gramma / pneuma | Letter / Spirit | 3:6 | Must not imply written Scripture itself is inferior (which would ironically reinforce the tahrif/scripture-corruption polemic); contrast is law-as-external-code vs. Spirit-as-inner-transformation. |
| Daş lövhələr / Ürəyin ət lövhələri | dahsh luv-hah-LAIR / ew-rah-YIN at luv-hah-lah-REE | Medium | πλάκες λίθιναι / πλάκες καρδίας σαρκίναις | plakes lithinai / plakes kardias sarkinais | Tablets of stone / tablets of human hearts | 3:3 | Requires OT (Exodus/Sinai) background teaching. |
| Pərdə | par-DAH | Medium | κάλυμμα | kalymma | Veil | 3:13-16 | Avoid confusion with women’s religious dress vocabulary (hijab-adjacent associations); this is a cognitive/spiritual-blindness metaphor. |
| Surət | soo-RAHT | High | εἰκών | eikōn | Image [of God/Christ] | 3:18; 4:4 | Distinguish from mere honorary representation (compatible with a prophet-only Christology); this is an ontological deity-of-Christ claim. Also distinguish from “surət” as photograph/carved likeness. |
| Dəyişdirilirik / şəklimiz dəyişir | dah-yeesh-dee-ree-LEE-reek | Medium | μεταμορφούμεθα | metamorphoumetha | We are being transformed | 3:18 | Avoid shape-shifting-deity or reincarnation-adjacent vocabulary; progressive Spirit-wrought sanctification, not disguise or rebirth cycle. |
| Məhkumluq | mahkh-koom-LOOK | Medium | κατάκρισις | katakrisis | Condemnation | 3:9 | Antithetical pair with Salehlik (righteousness). |
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Səmimiyyət | sah-mee-mee-YAHT | Medium-High | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια | haplotēs / eilikrineia | Sincerity / purity | 1:12; 2:17; 11:3 | Context-sensitive: same Greek root (ἁπλότης) means “generosity” in chs.8-9 — see that entry below. Must be checked per occurrence. |
| Özünü tərifləmək | ur-zoo-NEW tah-reef-lah-MAKH | Medium | συνιστάνω | synistanō | Commend/present oneself | 3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18 | Distinguish self-promotion (condemned) from legitimate commendation by God or others. |
| Allahın kəlamını saxtalaşdırmaq | ahl-lah-HUHN kah-lah-muh-NUH sahkh-tah-lahsh-duhr-MAHKH | High | δολῶν τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ | dolōn ton logon tou theou | Tampering/falsifying with the word of God | 4:2 | Deliberately AVOID “təhrif etmək” — the specific technical term for the Islamic scripture-corruption polemic; use saxtalaşdırmaq instead. |
| Allahın kəlamını qazanc üçün satmaq | ahl-lah-HUHN kah-lah-muh-NUH kah-ZAHNJ ew-CHEWN saht-MAHKH | Medium | καπηλεύω τὸν λόγον | kapēleuō ton logon | Peddling the word for profit | 2:17 | Must retain the specific charge of commercializing the gospel message, not a generic “teaching for pay.” |
| Bəyənilmiş / Sınaqdan keçməmiş | bah-yah-neel-MEESH / suh-nakh-DAHN kech-mah-MEESH | Medium | δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος | dokimos / adokimos | Approved / disqualified | 10:18; 13:5-7 | Marks ministry as commended by God, not self-commended. |
| Hökm kürsüsü (Məsihin) | hurkm kewr-sew-SEW | High | βῆμα (τοῦ Χριστοῦ) | bēma (tou Christou) | Judgment seat of Christ | 5:10 | Distinguish from the Islamic Yaum al-Qiyāmah deeds-weighing framework determining final salvation; this tribunal concerns reward/commendation for the already-secure. |
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Səxavət | sah-khah-VAHT | Medium-High | ἁπλότης (generosity sense) | haplotēs | Generosity/liberality | 8:2; 9:11,13 | Same root as “sincerity” above (1:12) — context-sensitive; do not default automatically to səmimiyyət. |
| Bərabərlik | bah-rah-bar-LEEK | Low-Medium | ἰσότης | isotēs | Equality/fairness | 8:13-14 | Voluntary, grace-motivated equity, not state-imposed economic leveling (a politically loaded Soviet-era association). |
| Sevə-sevə/sevinclə verən | seh-VAH seh-VAH / seh-veen-JLAH veh-RAHN | Low | ἱλαρὸς δότης | hilaros dotēs | Cheerful giver | 9:7 | Central memorable phrase (“God loves a cheerful giver”); must stay linked to the grace-not-merit framework. |
| Kifayətlənmə | kee-fah-yat-lan-MAH | Low-Medium | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | Sufficiency/contentment | 9:8 | God-supplied sufficiency, not Stoic self-generated independence. |
| Yaxşı əməl | yakh-SHUH ah-MAHL | High | ἔργον ἀγαθόν | ergon agathon | Good work | 9:8 | ”Əməl” is the exact term flagged elsewhere as the ground-category of Islamic works-based judgment; causal direction (grace produces works, not vice versa) must be explicit in teaching material every occurrence. |
| Yoxsulluq / Var-dövlət | yokh-sool-LOOK / vahr-durv-LAHT | Medium-High | πτωχεία / πλοῦτος | ptōcheia / ploutos | Poverty / riches (of Christ) | 8:9 | Compact kenosis statement closely tied to baseline’s Critical incarnation doctrine; do not reduce to a purely economic parable. |
| Sözlə ifadə olunmayan hədiyyə | surz-LAH ee-fah-DAH oh-loon-mah-YAHN hah-dee-YAY | Low | ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά | anekdiēgētos dōrea | Indescribable gift | 9:15 | Conceptual link to baseline Lütf. |
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zəiflik | zah-eef-LEEK | Medium | ἀσθένεια | astheneia | Weakness | 11:21-30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4 | Anchor term; runs counter to honor-based cultural expectations of strength as the sign of divine favor. |
| Qüdrətim zəiflikdə kamil olur | kewd-rah-TEEM zah-eef-leek-DAH kah-MEEL oh-LOOR | High | ἡ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται | hē dynamis mou en astheneia teleitai | My power is perfected in weakness | 12:9 | Doctrinal center of this whole doctrine; must not be softened in translation — teaching notes carry the paradox’s pastoral weight, not the wording itself. |
| Bədəndə tikan | bah-DAND-dah tee-KAHN | Low | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | Thorn in the flesh | 12:7 | Idiom for persistent affliction; avoid overly literal reading. |
| Şeytanın elçisi | shay-tah-NUHN el-chee-SEE | Low-Medium | ἄγγελος σατανᾶ | angelos satana | Messenger/angel of Satan | 12:7 | Disambiguate from “Elçi” used positively of Paul’s apostolic ambassador role (5:20). |
| Əlamətlər, möcüzələr və qüdrət əməlləri | ah-lah-mat-LAIR, mur-jew-zah-LAIR vah kewd-RAHT ah-mal-lah-REE | Medium | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις | sēmeia kai terata kai dynameis | Signs and wonders and mighty works | 12:12 | Use möcüzə, not kəramət (Shia saint/Imam miraculous-endowment term, already rejected in baseline for spiritual gifts). |
| Döyüşürük (cismə görə yox)… qalaların dağıdılması | dur-yew-shew-REWK… kah-lah-lah-RUHN dah-uh-duhl-mah-SUH | Medium | στρατευόμεθα κατὰ σάρκα… καθαίρεσις ὀχυρωμάτων | strateuometha kata sarka… kathairesis ochyrōmatōn | We wage war not according to the flesh… destruction of strongholds | 10:3-5 | Avoid folk-religious exorcism/occult associations; warfare is against deceptive thought-patterns, not literal spirit-combat. |
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yalançı həvarilər | yah-lahn-CHUH heh-vah-ree-LAIR | High | ψευδαπόστολοι | pseudapostoloi | False apostles | 11:13 | Built on baseline Həvari root; distinguish this error (claiming unearned status) from the separate Imamate-model concern already flagged for “apostle.” |
| Başqa bir İsa, başqa bir ruh, başqa bir müjdə | bahsh-KAH beer ee-SAH, bahsh-KAH beer rookh, bahsh-KAH beer myuzh-DAH | High | ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν, πνεῦμα ἕτερον, εὐαγγέλιον ἕτερον | allon Iēsoun, pneuma heteron, euangelion heteron | Another Jesus, a different spirit, a different gospel | 11:4 | İsa must remain paired with Məsih even in this negative/counterfeit construction, per baseline naming convention. |
| Nur mələyi | noor mah-lah-YEE | Critical | ἄγγελος φωτός (μετασχηματίζεται εἰς) | angelos phōtos | Angel of light (Satan disguised as) | 11:14 | Directly engages the baseline’s nur/Nur-i Məhəmmədi caution (glory entry); requires mandatory theologian review and careful framing to avoid appearing as a direct polemic against Shia devotional practice while preserving Paul’s warning. |
| Görüntülər və açıqlamalar | gur-rewn-tew-LAIR vah ah-chuhkh-lah-mah-LAIR | High | ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις | optasiai kai apokalypseis | Visions and revelations | 12:1,7 | Deliberately AVOID vəhy (the exclusive Islamic technical term for prophetic revelation) for Paul’s personal visionary experience. |
| Cənnət | jan-NAHT | Critical | Παράδεισος | Paradeisos | Paradise | 12:4 | Unavoidable recognizable term, but carries extensive Islamic deeds-and-judgment-linked eschatological content; retain the word but mandate a prominent teaching note distinguishing biblical Paradise (God’s immediate presence) from the Islamic afterlife-destination framework. Route to human theologian review without exception. |
| Rəbdə fəxr etmək / öyünmək | rahbb-DAH fahkhr et-MAHKH / ur-yewn-MAHKH | Medium | καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ | kauchaomai en Kyriō | Boast in the Lord | 1:12,14; 5:12; 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2-3; 10:8,13-17; 11:10-30; 12:1,5-9 | Context-sensitive across the whole letter: negative self-boasting (condemned) vs. redeemed boasting “in the Lord” or in weakness (commended); require a qualifying phrase every time to prevent readers hearing only the negative default sense of öyünmək. |
Other Load-Bearing Terms (Cross-Doctrine / Supporting Vocabulary)
| Azerbaijani Term | Transliteration | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration (Greek) | English Gloss | Primary Passages | Translation Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Məhəbbət | mah-hab-BAHT | Medium | ἀγάπη | agapē | Love | 5:14; 6:6; 8:8,24; 13:11,14 | Everyday Azerbaijani usage leans romantic; every doctrinal use requires an explicit possessive qualifier (Məsihin məhəbbəti, Allahın məhəbbəti). |
| Bağışlamaq | bah-uhsh-lah-MAHKH | Medium | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | Forgive | 2:7,10 | Interpersonal/pastoral forgiveness; distinguish from baseline’s Saleh sayılma (justification, Critical, a once-for-all forensic act, not a repeatable pastoral one). |
| Vicdan | veej-DAHN | Low | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | Conscience | 1:12; 4:2; 5:11 | Standard shared term; minimal doctrinal collision. |
| Rəbb qorxusu | rahbb kor-khoo-SOO | Medium | φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου | phobos tou Kyriou | Fear of the Lord | 5:11; 7:1 (Allah qorxusu variant) | Reverential awe before the exclusive Lord, not generic dread or fatalistic terror. |
| Xidmət / Xidmətçi | kheed-MAHT / kheed-mat-CHEE | Medium | διακονία / διάκονος | diakonia / diakonos | Ministry / minister | 3:6-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 8:4; 9:1,12-13; 11:8,23 | Retain the specifically commissioned, apostolic-task sense, not generic volunteerism. |
| Allaha görə kədər / dünyaya görə kədər | ahl-lah-HAH gur-AY kah-DAHR / dewn-yah-YAH gur-AY kah-DAHR | High | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / τοῦ κόσμου λύπη | lypē kata theon / tou kosmou lypē | Godly grief / worldly grief | 7:9-10 | Sharp contrast must be preserved; frames the doctrine of repentance below. |
| Tövbə | turv-BAH | High | μετάνοια | metanoia | Repentance | 7:9-10 | Heavily loaded shared vocabulary with Islamic tövbə (a human-initiated, merit-relevant act); must be taught as fruit of grace already secured, not a merit-generating act toward an uncertain future forgiveness. Mandatory first-use teaching note per lesson. |
| Var olan Allahın məbədi | vahr oh-LAHN ahl-lah-HUHN mah-bah-DEE | Medium | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | naos theou zōntos | Temple of the living God | 6:16 | God dwells within the gathered corporate people, not a physical sanctuary; distinct from both OT Temple and mosque-centered models. |
| Etibarsız insanlarla eyni boyunduruğa girməyin | eh-tee-bar-SUHZ een-sahn-lahr-LAH ay-NEE boy-oon-doo-roo-AH geer-mah-YEEN | Medium | ἑτεροζυγοῦντες ἀπίστοις | heterozygountes apistois | Unequally yoked with unbelievers | 6:14 | Address worldview-incompatible partnership broadly, not narrowly marriage-law (avoid echoing Islamic interfaith-marriage jurisprudence as the primary frame). |
| Möhür / Zəmanət | mur-HEWR / zah-mah-NAHT | Low-Medium | σφραγίς / ἀρραβών | sphragis / arrabōn | Seal / guarantee-deposit | 1:22; 5:5 | Prefer Zəmanət over Girov for the pledge of the Spirit, to avoid a collateral-against-default connotation. |
| Pak bakirə | pahk bah-kee-RAH | Medium | παρθένος ἁγνή | parthenos hagnē | Pure virgin (bridal imagery, church betrothed to Christ) | 11:2 | Marital/bridal metaphor with no ready Islamic-theological parallel; requires teaching-note support. |
Section C — Risk Tier Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms, Section B) | Count (Reused Baseline Terms Cited, Section A) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (Barışdırma; “made him to be sin”; “god of this age”; Nur mələyi; Cənnət; Trinitarian benediction complex at 13:14 — cross-referenced via baseline Critical terms) | 8 (God, Jesus, Christ, Lord, Holy Spirit, Father, Salvation, Righteousness, Imputed Righteousness) | Human theologian — mandatory, no exceptions |
| High | 15 (New Creation; Yeni Əhd; Hərf/Ruh; Surət; Səmimiyyət; Allahın kəlamını saxtalaşdırmaq; Hökm kürsüsü; Yaxşı əməl; Qüdrətim zəiflikdə kamil olur; Yalançı həvarilər; “another Jesus” cluster; Görüntülər və açıqlamalar; Tövbə; Allaha görə kədər/dünyaya görə kədər; “one died for all”) | 6 (Grace, Faith, Sin, Glory, Sanctification, Holy/Saints, Power of God, Obedience of Faith — several already High in baseline) | Human theologian |
| Medium | ~20 (Təsəlli; Sıxıntı; Kalymma/Pərdə; Dəyişdirilirik; Məhkumluq; Bağışlamaq; Elçi; Bəyənilmiş/Sınaqdan keçməmiş; Səxavət; Yoxsulluq/Var-dövlət; Zəiflik; Şeytanın elçisi; Əlamətlər…; Döyüşürük…; Rəbdə fəxr etmək; Xidmət; Möhür/Zəmanət; Pak bakirə; Var olan Allahın məbədi; Etibarsız insanlarla…; Cismə görə; Məhəbbət; Rəbb qorxusu) | Church, Covenant, Mission | Native speaker review |
| Low | ~12 (Vicdan; Bədəndə tikan; Zahiri/Daxili insan; Saxsı qablarda xəzinə; Çadır; Bərabərlik; Sevə-sevə verən; Kifayətlənmə; Sözlə ifadə olunmayan hədiyyə; Möhür; Görmə/eidos; Kamilləşmə/Bərpa; holy kiss cultural note) | Fellowship, Thanksgiving, Exhort | Automated review, with holy-kiss flagged for cultural (non-doctrinal) native-speaker sensitivity check |
Total new terms catalogued in this glossary: 53 Total baseline terms reused (cited with 2 Cor-specific notes): 25
This glossary must be merged into a curriculum-specific extension of translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins. All Critical and High risk new terms require doctrine_risk_registry.json entries mirroring the baseline’s structure before translation work proceeds.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Salehlik
Transliteration: sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: saleh əməllər (righteous deeds, as the ground itself)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 5:21 (‘that we might become the righteousness of God’) is the core passage’s doctrinal peak; 9:9-10’s citation of Ps 112:9 sits close to ‘good work’ language and must not be read as endorsing a deeds-ledger reading.
Justification
Approved rendering: Saleh sayılma
Transliteration: sah-LEHKH sah-yuhl-MAH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: günahların bağışlanması (forgiveness of sins, alone)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Must remain distinct from 2 Cor’s interpersonal ‘bağışlamaq’ (forgive, 2:7,10) — a once-for-all forensic declaration, not a repeatable pastoral act.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Xilas
Transliteration: khee-LAHS
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: nicat (Imamate-intercession framing), cənnətə girmək (entering paradise)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 6:2 (‘now is the day of salvation,’ quoting Isaiah) reinforces present-tense reality against deferred nicat-style framing.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Diriliş
Transliteration: dee-ree-LEESH
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: göyə qaldırılma (no-death ascension)
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 5:15 pairs ‘died’ with ‘was raised,’ reinforcing the death-then-resurrection sequence against Qur’an 4:157’s denial of Christ’s death.
Lord
Approved rendering: Rəbb
Transliteration: RAHBB
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ağa (master, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 10:17 (quoting Jer 9:24) redirects legitimate boasting toward Rəbb, reinforcing exclusive Lordship.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Oğlu
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN oh-loo
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allahın sevimli qulu (God’s beloved servant)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; underlies the deity-of-Christ claims in 2 Cor 3:18/4:4’s ‘image of God’ and 13:14’s Trinitarian benediction.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Bədən alma
Transliteration: bah-DAN ahl-MAH
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Allahın insan qiyafəsinə girməsi (disguise)
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (cf. 2 Cor 8:9)
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 8:9’s kenosis statement (‘though rich, became poor’) is conceptually tied to this doctrine — must not be reduced to a purely economic parable.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Məsih
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: sadəcə bir peyğəmbər (merely a prophet)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Must carry full Davidic-covenant, atoning-savior content throughout 2 Corinthians, not stand as a bare familiar honorific.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Vasitəçilik
Transliteration: vah-see-tah-chee-LEEK
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: şəfaət (Imamate intercession), təvəssül (saintly mediator)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Governs the same Shia-Imamate-intercession fencing applied to 2 Cor’s ‘ambassador’ (elçi) and ‘ministry of reconciliation’ concepts — Christ’s unique mediating work must never read as one intercessor among several.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peyğəmbər’ without Məsih
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Must remain paired with Məsih at every occurrence, especially the sensitive 11:4 warning against ‘another Jesus’ (başqa bir İsa), where bare İsa alone would risk being read as endorsing rather than warning against a prophet-only portrait.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı (Turkish convention)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. In 2 Cor 4:4 the phrase ‘the god of this age’ applies a form of this word to Satan in a deliberately ironic, polemical sense — see god_of_this_age entry; that occurrence must never be read as affirming a second true deity.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs Ruh
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Cəbrail (archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Central to the letter/Spirit contrast in ch. 3 (3:6,17-18) and the closing Trinitarian benediction (13:14); never reduce to an impersonal force or equate with Cəbrail.
Father
Approved rendering: Ata
Transliteration: ah-TAH
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Yaradan (Creator, avoiding relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 1:3 qualifies this as ‘Father of mercies’ (Rəhmlərin Atası) — teach as intensification of, not substitute for, the relational Fatherhood already flagged Critical.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: Hesaba alınan salehlik
Transliteration: heh-sah-BAH ah-luh-NAHN sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: qazanılmış salehlik (earned righteousness)
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (cf. 2 Cor 5:19,21)
Category: Salvation
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Cross-referenced with 2 Cor 5:19’s ‘not counting trespasses’ as the two sides of the same forensic transaction.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Barışdırma
Transliteration: bah-ruhsh-duhr-MAH
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Barışma (symmetric mutual quarrel-settlement, implies mutual fault), Görüş (mere meeting, too weak)
Original: καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM, anchor of ‘Reconciliation with God’ (2 Cor 5:18-20). Islamic theology has no concept of humanity in hostile estrangement requiring a mediated, Christ-accomplished reconciliation; ordinary ‘barışmaq’ implies symmetric fault. Causative morphology signals God as initiating, active agent. Mandatory teaching-note framing every occurrence: God is the wronged-yet-initiating party.
Word Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Barışdırma sözü
Transliteration: bah-ruhsh-duhr-MAH suh-ZEW
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:19). Inherits the full Critical risk profile of ‘reconciliation.’ The gospel content entrusted to believers as Christ’s ambassadors (5:20).
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: Onu bizim üçün günah yerinə qoydu
Transliteration: oh-NOO bee-ZEEM ew-CHEWN goo-NAHKH yeh-ree-NAH koh-DOO
Doctrine: Imputation of Sin and Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: Onu günah etdi (made him sin/sinful — implies moral corruption of Christ’s nature)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM, theological peak of the core passage (2 Cor 5:21). A literal rendering risks readers concluding Christ became morally corrupted, a false and doctrinally dangerous claim. Dynamic, substitution-clarifying rendering required with mandatory translator’s note. Route to human theologian review without exception, every occurrence.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: Bu dövrün allahı
Transliteration: boo dur-REWN ahl-lah-HUH
Doctrine: Satanic Blinding and the ‘God of This Age’
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘a god’ framing
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM (2 Cor 4:4). In a strict Azerbaijani monotheistic environment, applying ‘allahı’ to Satan risks catastrophic misreading as affirming a second true deity. Mandatory qualified/quoted construction and translator’s note; consider periphrasis ‘bu dünyanın hökmranı’ (the ruler of this world) pending human theologian decision.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: Nur mələyi
Transliteration: noor mah-lah-YEE
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and Counterfeit Spirituality
Rejected alternatives: unqualified/unglossed use of nur
Original: μετασχηματίζεται εἰς ἄγγελον φωτός
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (2 Cor 11:14). Directly engages the baseline’s nur/Nur-i Məhəmmədi caution (Shia devotional pre-existent Light of the Imams). Mandatory human theologian review with careful teaching-note framing to avoid sounding like a direct polemic against Shia devotional practice while preserving Paul’s warning.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Cənnət
Transliteration: jan-NAHT
Doctrine: Paradise and Heavenly Vision
Rejected alternatives: invented substitute term (would lose reader recognizability)
Original: Παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (2 Cor 12:4). Unavoidable but heavily loaded with deeds-and-intercession-contingent Islamic afterlife content. Retain the word but mandate a prominent teaching note distinguishing biblical Paradise (God’s immediate presence) from the Islamic framework. Route to human theologian review without exception.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjdə
Transliteration: myuzh-DAH
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: İncil (bare, unqualified), yaxşı xəbər (generic good news)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Mission
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. In 2 Cor 11:4 (‘a different gospel’) must be qualified ‘başqa bir müjdə’ — never a bare İncil reference.
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütf
Transliteration: LYUTF
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mərhəmət (mercy), kərəm (Persian-influenced ‘divine generosity’)
Original: χάρις
Category: Giving
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 8:1,9 and 9:8,14-15; 12:9 ground generosity and power-in-weakness directly in grace; extend the grace-versus-merit framework into ‘Generosity and Grace in Giving’ and ‘Power in Weakness’.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: etiqad (doctrinal conviction/creed)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 5:7 (‘walk by faith, not by sight’) and 13:5 (self-examination) must be read alongside the baseline’s ‘Assurance of Salvation’ doctrine, not as probabilistic Judgment-Day uncertainty.
Called
Approved rendering: Çağırılmış
Transliteration: chah-guh-ruhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dəvət olunmuş (invited)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence requiring re-analysis, retained for cross-document consistency.
Calling
Approved rendering: Çağırış
Transliteration: chah-guh-RUHSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dəvət
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; retained for cross-document consistency.
Holy
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: təmiz (ritually clean)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Appears in 2 Cor 13:12’s ‘holy kiss’ (a cultural-idiomatic usage, not the moral-purity doctrinal sense — distinguish contextually).
Saints
Approved rendering: Müqəddəslər
Transliteration: myoo-kad-dass-LAIR
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: övliyalar (venerated shrine-figures)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Occurs in the collection-for-Jerusalem passages (8:4; 9:1,12); must not carry övliyalar-adjacent elite-veneration connotations.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Təqdisetmə
Transliteration: tag-dees-et-MAY
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: paklanma (ritual purification)
Original: ἁγιωσύνη / ἁγιασμός
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 7:1’s ‘holiness’ and 3:18’s ‘being transformed’ reinforce this doctrine; distinguish from ritual purification.
Adoption
Approved rendering: Övladlığa götürülmə
Transliteration: ohv-lahd-luh-AH gur-tuh-ryool-MAY
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: övladlıq (bare, without doctrinal qualifier)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; conceptually connects to 2 Cor 1:22/5:5’s Spirit-as-guarantee-of-inheritance imagery.
Law
Approved rendering: Qanun
Transliteration: kah-NOON
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: şəriət (Islamic religious law)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Governs ch. 3’s Mosaic law background (tablets of stone, 3:3) — NEVER use şəriət.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAHKH
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: xəta (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 5:21’s ‘made him to be sin’ is the letter’s most theologically sensitive sin-related clause — see made_to_be_sin entry below.
Glory
Approved rendering: Ehtişam
Transliteration: eh-htee-SHAHM
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (Nur-i Məhəmmədi association)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Central to 2 Cor 3:7-11,18 and 4:4,6,15,17; reinforce avoidance of nur especially here since the passage explicitly involves a shining/radiant face.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: İmanın gətirdiyi itaət
Transliteration: ee-mah-NUHN gah-teer-dee-YEE ee-tah-AHT
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: dini vəzifələrə əməl etmə (performing religious duties)
Original: ὑπακοὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ (cf. 2 Cor 10:5)
Category: Faith
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Extended to 2 Cor 10:5’s ‘obedience of Christ’ — must not become dini vəzifə (duty-performance establishing standing).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın qüdrəti
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN kewd-rah-TEE
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Allahın qəzəbi (God’s wrath)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: Power
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Anchor term for ‘Power in Weakness’ (2 Cor 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4); extend into 12:9’s paradox without softening.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Peyğəmbər
Transliteration: pay-gam-BAIR
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: falçı (fortune-teller)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence, retained for cross-document consistency.
Election
Approved rendering: Seçilmə
Transliteration: say-cheel-MAY
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: qismət (fate/fortune), yazı (fatalistic decree)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence, retained for cross-document consistency.
Providence
Approved rendering: Allahın tədbiri
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN tad-bee-REE
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: qismət, alın yazısı
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; relevant to 2 Cor 1:3-11’s suffering-and-comfort passages, guarding against fatalistic ‘belə yazılıb’ framing.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: AH-bah
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; not directly occurring in 2 Corinthians, retained for cross-document consistency.
One Died For All
Approved rendering: Bir Nəfər hamı üçün öldü
Transliteration: beer nah-FAIR hah-MUH ew-CHEWN url-DEW
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: a merely exemplary or inspirational death
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:14-15). Substitutionary/representative death has no parallel in Islamic theology, which denies any soul can bear another’s burden (Qur’an 6:164; 53:38) and denies Christ’s death itself (4:157). Must never be softened.
Not Counting Trespasses
Approved rendering: Hesaba almamaq
Transliteration: heh-sah-BAH ahl-mah-MAKH
Doctrine: Imputation of Sin and Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: bağışlamaq alone (forgiveness alone, loses the forensic ledger sense)
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώματα
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:19). Negative-ledger counterpart of imputed righteousness (baseline: Hesaba alınan salehlik) — must be taught as the same forensic-accounting framework, not a separate concept.
New Creation
Approved rendering: Yeni yaradılış
Transliteration: yeh-NEE yah-rah-duh-LUSH
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: Yeni insan / dəyişmiş insan (reduces ontological change to moral self-improvement)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM, anchor of ‘New Creation in Christ’ (2 Cor 5:17). ‘Yaradılış’ also names the book of Genesis, helpfully echoing ‘first creation’ but risking a cosmic-recreation misreading. No fitrə-based Islamic anthropological parallel exists for ontological re-creation. Mandatory teaching note distinguishing present-personal sense from future-cosmic renewal.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: Məsihin hökm kürsüsü
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH-in hurkm kewr-sew-SEW
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ
Rejected alternatives: unqualified rendering risking conflation with Yaum al-Qiyāmah deeds-weighing (mizan)
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:10). Concerns reward/commendation for the already-secure, not a re-determination of salvation. Mandatory teaching note distinguishing from the Islamic Judgment-Day framework.
In Christ
Approved rendering: Məsihdə
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH-dah
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM construction (2 Cor 5:17). Extends the baseline’s ‘Christian Identity in Christ’ doctrine (High in the Romans registry); no new rendering needed beyond the established construction pattern.
Godly And Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: Allaha görə kədər / dünyaya görə kədər
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HAH gur-AY kah-DAHR / dewn-yah-YAH gur-AY kah-DAHR
Doctrine: Godly Repentance
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘kədər’ alone without the qualifying clause
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν / λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Faith
NEW TERM PAIR (2 Cor 7:9-10). Islamic devotional literature on tövbə does not draw this distinction between grief-types tied to certain versus uncertain final outcomes; the sharp contrast must be preserved.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Tövbə
Transliteration: turv-BAH
Doctrine: Godly Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (2 Cor 7:9-10). Heavily loaded shared vocabulary with Islamic merit-relevant, outcome-uncertain repentance practice. Must be taught as fruit of a salvation already secured by grace, not a merit-generating act. Mandatory first-use teaching note per lesson.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: Yeni Əhd
Transliteration: yeh-NEE akhd
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM, anchor of ‘The New Covenant versus the Old’ (2 Cor 3:6,14). Reuses the established Əhdi-Cədid (‘New Testament’) naming convention; risk that readers hear only a book-title association rather than a living, Spirit-empowered relational arrangement replacing law-code religion.
Letter And Spirit
Approved rendering: Hərf / Ruh
Transliteration: harf / rookh
Doctrine: Ministry of the Spirit versus the Letter
Rejected alternatives: reading hərf as denigrating written Scripture itself (reinforces tahrif polemic)
Original: γράμμα / πνεῦμα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM PAIR (2 Cor 3:6). The contrast is law-as-external-code vs. Spirit-as-internal-transformation, never written-Scripture vs. oral-tradition. Mandatory teaching note on first use.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: Surət
Transliteration: soo-RAHT
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: şəkil (photograph/carved likeness — flattens ontological claim to visual/honorary sense)
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (2 Cor 3:18; 4:4). Christ as the exact visible representation of God’s own glory — an ontological deity-of-Christ claim, not merely honorary representation compatible with a prophet-only Christology.
Another Jesus
Approved rendering: Başqa bir İsa, başqa bir ruh, başqa bir müjdə
Transliteration: bahsh-KAH beer ee-SAH, bahsh-KAH beer rookh, bahsh-KAH beer myuzh-DAH
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: bare İsa without Məsih pairing in this negative construction
Original: ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν, πνεῦμα ἕτερον, εὐαγγέλιον ἕτερον
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (2 Cor 11:4). İsa must remain paired with Məsih even inside this counterfeit warning, so readers recognize Paul warns against ANY alternate portrait of Jesus, including a prophet-only portrait, not merely an unrelated deity.
Poverty And Riches Of Christ
Approved rendering: Yoxsulluq / Var-dövlət
Transliteration: yokh-sool-LOOK / vahr-durv-LAHT
Doctrine: Kenosis of Christ
Rejected alternatives: purely economic parable divorced from Christological ground
Original: πτωχεία / πλοῦτος
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (2 Cor 8:9). Compact kenosis statement closely tied to the baseline’s Critical incarnation doctrine (Bədən alma); must not be reduced to a fundraising-motivation parable alone.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: Səmimiyyət
Transliteration: sah-mee-mee-YAHT
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 1:12; 2:17; 11:3). Shares a Greek root (ἁπλότης) with ‘generosity’ (chs. 8-9, see separate entry) — genuinely context-sensitive; must be checked per occurrence, never defaulted.
Falsifying Gods Word
Approved rendering: Allahın kəlamını saxtalaşdırmaq
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN kah-lah-muh-NUH sahkh-tah-lahsh-duhr-MAHKH
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: təhrif etmək (the specific Islamic scripture-corruption technical term — forbidden)
Original: δολῶν τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 4:2). Deliberately AVOID təhrif etmək, which would create an ironic, confusing echo of the very polemic Paul denies engaging in.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: Yalançı həvarilər
Transliteration: yah-lahn-CHUH heh-vah-ree-LAIR
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 11:13). Built on the baseline Həvari root. Distinguish this error (claiming unearned status) from the separate Shia Imamate infallible-successor concern already flagged Medium for ‘apostle.‘
Visions And Revelations
Approved rendering: Görüntülər və açıqlamalar
Transliteration: gur-rewn-tew-LAIR vah ah-chuhkh-lah-mah-LAIR
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: vəhy (exclusive Islamic technical term for prophetic revelation culminating in Muhammad — forbidden)
Original: ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 12:1,7). Use açıqlama/görüntü consistently for Paul’s personal visionary experience, never vəhy.
Generosity
Approved rendering: Səxavət
Transliteration: sah-khah-VAHT
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: defaulting to səmimiyyət (sincerity sense) without per-occurrence check
Original: ἁπλότης (generosity sense)
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (2 Cor 8:2; 9:11,13). Same Greek root (ἁπλότης) as ‘sincerity’ above — context-sensitive; document the sincerity/generosity split explicitly in translator notes for every occurrence.
Good Work
Approved rendering: Yaxşı əməl
Transliteration: yakh-SHUH ah-MAHL
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἔργον ἀγαθόν
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (2 Cor 9:8). ‘Əməl’ is the exact ground-category term of Islamic works-based judgment theology. Causal direction (grace produces good works, not the reverse) must be explicit in teaching material every occurrence.
Power Perfected In Weakness
Approved rendering: Qüdrətim zəiflikdə kamil olur
Transliteration: kewd-rah-TEEM zah-eef-leek-DAH kah-MEEL oh-LOOR
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: softened rendering such as ‘God’s power works even in difficulty’
Original: ἡ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται
Category: Power
NEW TERM, doctrinal center of ‘Power in Weakness’ (2 Cor 12:9). Must not be softened in translation — teaching notes carry the paradox’s pastoral weight, not the wording itself.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Həvari
Transliteration: heh-vah-REE
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: peyğəmbər (prophet-messenger), imam (Shia infallible successor)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostleship
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Attention elevated across chs. 10-12 due to extensive false-apostle polemic; guard against Shia Imamate-model conflation.
Peace
Approved rendering: Sülh
Transliteration: SYULKH
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: rahatlıq (inner calm/comfort)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Reserved for peace-with-God language; do not substitute for the reconciling ACT (Barışdırma) itself, which is a distinct, new term for this book.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Ruhani hədiyyələr
Transliteration: roo-hah-NEE hah-dee-YAY-lair
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: kəramət (Shia saint/Imam miraculous endowment)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Governs the same kəramət prohibition applied to 2 Cor 12:12’s ‘signs and wonders’ — use möcüzə, never kəramət.
Church
Approved rendering: Kilsə
Transliteration: keel-SAY
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: məscid-vari icma (mosque-like religious community)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Contrasted in 2 Cor 6:16 with ‘temple of the living God’ as a corporate, not building-based, reality.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Padşahlığı
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN pahd-shah-luh-UH
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: Allahın dövləti (God’s state/nation)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence, retained for cross-document consistency.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Millətlər
Transliteration: mil-lat-LAIR
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: kafirlər (unbelievers/infidels), bütpərəstlər (idolaters)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence, retained for cross-document consistency.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Peyğəmbərlik sözü
Transliteration: pay-gam-bair-LEEK suh-ZEW
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: falçılıq (divination)
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; retained for cross-document consistency.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Əhd
Transliteration: AKHD
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: müqavilə (bare commercial contract)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Underlies the ‘Yeni Əhd’ (New Covenant) compound term in 2 Cor 3:6,14 — see new_covenant entry below.
Mission
Approved rendering: Müjdə yayma xidməti
Transliteration: myuzh-DAH yai-MAH khee-dmah-TEE
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: təbliğ (regulated religious propaganda)
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Mission
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Underlies 2 Cor 5:18-20’s ‘ministry of reconciliation’ as a mission mandate and 10:16’s travel plans.
David
Approved rendering: Davud
Transliteration: dah-VOOD
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence, retained for cross-document consistency.
Israel
Approved rendering: İsrail
Transliteration: ees-rah-EEL
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Occurs at 2 Cor 11:22, Paul’s self-identification as a Hebrew/Israelite.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Davudun nəslindən
Transliteration: dah-voo-DOON nas-leen-DAHN
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package; no direct 2 Corinthians occurrence, retained for cross-document consistency.
According To The Flesh
Approved rendering: Cismə görə
Transliteration: jees-MAH gur-AY
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: flattening to ‘physically’ alone
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:16). ‘By merely human, external standards,’ not a denial of Christ’s genuine human descent (distinct from seed_of_david doctrine).
Boast In The Lord
Approved rendering: Rəbdə fəxr etmək / öyünmək
Transliteration: rahbb-DAH fahkhr et-MAHKH / ur-yewn-MAHKH
Doctrine: Boasting Reoriented to the Lord
Rejected alternatives: bare öyünmək without qualifying phrase (defaults to sinful-arrogance sense)
Original: καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ
Category: Faith
NEW TERM, recurring throughout the letter (1:12,14; 5:12; 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2-3; 10:8,13-17; 11:10-30; 12:1,5-9). Every positive occurrence requires the qualifying phrase ‘Rəbdə fəxr etmək.‘
Tablets Of Stone And Heart
Approved rendering: Daş lövhələr / Ürəyin ət lövhələri
Transliteration: dahsh luv-hah-LAIR / ew-rah-YIN at luv-hah-lah-REE
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πλάκες λίθιναι / πλάκες καρδίας σαρκίναις
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM PAIR (2 Cor 3:3). Requires OT (Exodus/Sinai) background teaching, largely unfamiliar to readers without OT literacy.
Veil
Approved rendering: Pərdə
Transliteration: par-DAH
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: framing as women’s religious head-covering vocabulary
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM (2 Cor 3:13-16). Strong unrelated cultural association with hijab-adjacent dress vocabulary; context must make clear this is a cognitive/spiritual-blindness metaphor applied to ‘their minds’ (3:14).
Transformed Into His Likeness
Approved rendering: Dəyişdirilirik / şəklimiz dəyişir
Transliteration: dah-yeesh-dee-ree-LEE-reek
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: shape-shifting-deity or reincarnation-adjacent vocabulary
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM (2 Cor 3:18). Progressive Spirit-wrought transformation into Christ’s likeness, from glory to glory — sanctification, not disguise or rebirth-cycle.
Condemnation
Approved rendering: Məhkumluq
Transliteration: mahkh-koom-LOOK
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κατάκρισις
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM (2 Cor 3:9). Antithetical pair with Salehlik (righteousness).
Temple Of The Living God
Approved rendering: Var olan Allahın məbədi
Transliteration: vahr oh-LAHN ahl-lah-HUHN mah-bah-DEE
Doctrine: Church as the Temple of the Living God
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
NEW TERM (2 Cor 6:16). God dwells within the gathered corporate people, not a physical sanctuary; distinct from both the OT Temple pattern and mosque-centered sacred-space models.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: Etibarsız insanlarla eyni boyunduruğa girməyin
Transliteration: eh-tee-bar-SUHZ een-sahn-lahr-LAH ay-NEE boy-oon-doo-roo-AH geer-mah-YEEN
Doctrine: Unequal Partnership and Separation unto God
Rejected alternatives: narrow marriage-law-only framing echoing Islamic interfaith-marriage jurisprudence
Original: ἑτεροζυγοῦντες ἀπίστοις
Category: Church
NEW TERM (2 Cor 6:14). Addresses worldview-incompatible partnership broadly, not narrowly marriage.
Pure Virgin Bridal Imagery
Approved rendering: Pak bakirə
Transliteration: pahk bah-kee-RAH
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Church
NEW TERM (2 Cor 11:2). Bridal/marital metaphor for the church betrothed to Christ has no ready parallel in Islamic theology; requires teaching-note support as a covenant-fidelity metaphor, not a claim about God’s nature.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: Elçi
Transliteration: el-CHEE
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: Peyğəmbər (prophet, exclusive closed Islamic category), Həvari (apostle, distinct established term)
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:20). Must be distinguished from Peyğəmbər and Həvari, and disambiguated from its own negative use for ‘Şeytanın elçisi’ (12:7 — messenger of Satan).
Self Commendation
Approved rendering: Özünü tərifləmək
Transliteration: ur-zoo-NEW tah-reef-lah-MAKH
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνιστάνω
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18). Distinguish self-promotion (condemned) from legitimate commendation by God or others.
Peddling Gods Word
Approved rendering: Allahın kəlamını qazanc üçün satmaq
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN kah-lah-muh-NUH kah-ZAHNJ ew-CHEWN saht-MAHKH
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘teaching for pay’
Original: καπηλεύω τὸν λόγον
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM (2 Cor 2:17). Must retain the specific charge of commercializing the gospel message.
Approved And Disqualified
Approved rendering: Bəyənilmiş / Sınaqdan keçməmiş
Transliteration: bah-yah-neel-MEESH / suh-nakh-DAHN kech-mah-MEESH
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM PAIR (2 Cor 10:18; 13:5-7). Marks genuine ministry as commended by God, not self-commended.
Ministry
Approved rendering: Xidmət / Xidmətçi
Transliteration: kheed-MAHT / kheed-mat-CHEE
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: generic volunteerism/civic service framing
Original: διακονία / διάκονος
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM, frequent throughout the letter (3:6-9; 4:1; 5:18-19; 6:3-4; 8:4; 9:1,12-13; 11:8,23). Must retain its specifically commissioned, apostolic-task sense.
Equality
Approved rendering: Bərabərlik
Transliteration: bah-rah-bar-LEEK
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: framing as Soviet-era enforced economic leveling
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (2 Cor 8:13-14). Voluntary, grace-motivated equity, not state-imposed leveling.
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: Kifayətlənmə
Transliteration: kee-fah-yat-lan-MAH
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: Stoic self-sufficiency (needing nothing from anyone, including God)
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (2 Cor 9:8). God-supplied sufficiency, not self-generated independence.
Comfort
Approved rendering: Təsəlli
Transliteration: tah-sel-LEE
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: Rahatlıq (psychological ease/comfort, already rejected in baseline for ‘peace’)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM, occurs 10 times in ch. 1 alone (1:3-7); also 7:4,13; 13:11. Must convey God’s active comforting presence, not stoic self-consolation or fatalistic resignation (‘bu belə yazılıb’).
Affliction
Approved rendering: Sıxıntı
Transliteration: suh-huhn-TUH
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: Çətinlik (too weak, ordinary difficulty)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM (1:4-8; 2:4; 4:8,17; 6:4; 7:4-5; 8:2,13). Retain the weight of real suffering endured for the gospel.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: Saxsı qablarda xəzinə
Transliteration: sahkh-SUH kahb-lar-DAH khah-zee-NAH
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM (2 Cor 4:7). Anchor image; the surpassing power belongs to God, not the fragile vessel. Primarily an imagery-comprehension matter.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: Çadır (bədən)
Transliteration: chah-DUHR (bah-DAN)
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM (2 Cor 5:1,4). Metaphor for the body’s temporariness; must not be read as denying bodily resurrection hope.
Light Affliction Eternal Glory
Approved rendering: Yüngül əzab / əbədi ehtişam ağırlığı
Transliteration: yewn-GEWL ah-ZAHB / ah-bah-DEE eh-htee-SHAHM ah-uhr-luh-UH
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: cause-effect wage framing (‘suffering earns glory’)
Original: ἐλαφρὸν τῆς θλίψεως… αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM (2 Cor 4:17). Glory is God’s gracious outcome, not a wage; must not reintroduce a deeds-ledger framework.
Weakness
Approved rendering: Zəiflik
Transliteration: zah-eef-LEEK
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power
NEW TERM, anchor of ‘Power in Weakness’ (11:21-30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4). Runs counter to honor-based cultural expectations of strength as the sign of divine favor.
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: Şeytanın elçisi
Transliteration: shay-tah-NUHN el-chee-SEE
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἄγγελος σατανᾶ
Category: Power
NEW TERM (2 Cor 12:7). Must be disambiguated from ‘Elçi’ used positively of Paul’s own apostolic ambassador role (5:20).
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: Əlamətlər, möcüzələr və qüdrət əməlləri
Transliteration: ah-lah-mat-LAIR, mur-jew-zah-LAIR vah kewd-RAHT ah-mal-lah-REE
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: kəramət (Shia saint/Imam miraculous-endowment term — forbidden)
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Power
NEW TERM (2 Cor 12:12). Use möcüzə, not kəramət, so Paul’s apostolic signs are not read as placing him in a saintly-intercessor category.
Spiritual Warfare
Approved rendering: Döyüşürük (cismə görə yox)… qalaların dağıdılması
Transliteration: dur-yew-shew-REWK… kah-lah-lah-RUHN dah-uh-duhl-mah-SUH
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: folk-religious exorcism/jinn-binding framing
Original: στρατευόμεθα κατὰ σάρκα… καθαίρεσις ὀχυρωμάτων
Category: Power
NEW TERM CLUSTER (2 Cor 10:3-5). Warfare targets deceptive thought-patterns, not literal spirit-combat with entities.
Forgive
Approved rendering: Bağışlamaq
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-lah-MAHKH
Doctrine: Interpersonal Forgiveness and Restoration
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (2 Cor 2:7,10). Interpersonal/pastoral forgiveness; distinguish from the baseline’s Saleh sayılma (justification, Critical, a once-for-all forensic act).
Love
Approved rendering: Məhəbbət
Transliteration: mah-hab-BAHT
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: bare unqualified məhəbbət (romantic register risk)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM (5:14; 6:6; 8:8,24; 13:11,14). Everyday usage leans romantic/erotic; every doctrinal use requires an explicit possessive qualifier (Məsihin məhəbbəti, Allahın məhəbbəti).
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Rəbb qorxusu / Allah qorxusu
Transliteration: rahbb kor-khoo-SOO / ahl-LAHKH kor-khoo-SOO
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘qorxu’ (simple fright) or fatalistic dread
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου / φόβος θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW TERM (5:11; 7:1). Reverential awe before the exclusive Lord as coming Judge, not generic dread.
Seal And Guarantee
Approved rendering: Möhür / Zəmanət
Transliteration: mur-HEWR / zah-mah-NAHT
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Assurance of Faith
Rejected alternatives: Girov (collateral-against-default connotation)
Original: σφραγίς / ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM PAIR (1:22; 5:5). The Holy Spirit’s present work as proof and first-installment guarantee of the believer’s future inheritance. Prefer Zəmanət over Girov.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Şükran
Transliteration: shook-RAHN
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Ethics
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Low risk throughout 2 Cor (1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15); genuine resonance point.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Ünsiyyət
Transliteration: ewn-see-YAHT
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: qardaşlıq (civic brotherhood)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. Reused at the letter’s climactic Trinitarian benediction (13:14) — flag for cross-document consistency with the closing.
Exhort
Approved rendering: Nəsihət vermək / yalvarmaq
Transliteration: nah-see-HAHT ver-MAKH
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Ethics
Inherited exactly from Romans baseline package. 2 Cor 5:20’s usage leans toward urgent entreaty (yalvarmaq) rather than the milder ‘nəsihət vermək’ — context-sensitive per baseline note.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs öpüşlə salamlayın
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS ur-PEWSH-lah sah-lahm-lah-YUHN
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: ἅγιον φίλημα
Category: Church
NEW TERM (2 Cor 13:12). Culturally-conditioned first-century greeting; flag for native-speaker cultural-appropriateness review, not doctrinal risk.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: Sevə-sevə verən
Transliteration: seh-VAH seh-VAH veh-RAHN
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (2 Cor 9:7). Must stay linked to the grace-not-merit framework already established.
Indescribable Gift
Approved rendering: Sözlə ifadə olunmayan hədiyyə
Transliteration: surz-LAH ee-fah-DAH oh-loon-mah-YAHN hah-dee-YAY
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά
Category: Giving
NEW TERM (2 Cor 9:15). Conceptually links to baseline Lütf.
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: Zahiri insan / Daxili insan
Transliteration: zah-hee-REE ehn-SAHN / dah-khee-LEE ehn-SAHN
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: body-is-evil/soul-is-good dualistic framing
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM PAIR (2 Cor 4:16). Must not be taught as Gnostic-adjacent dualism.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: Bədəndə tikan
Transliteration: bah-DAND-dah tee-KAHN
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: overly literal physical-thorn reading
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power
NEW TERM (2 Cor 12:7). Idiom for persistent affliction.
Conscience
Approved rendering: Vicdan
Transliteration: veej-DAHN
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (1:12; 4:2; 5:11). Standard shared Azerbaijani/Islamic-cultural term; minimal doctrinal collision.
Referenced passages