Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English/Greek → Azerbaijani)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Titus 1–3. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Reused and MUST use the identical Azerbaijani rendering recorded there. Terms new to this curriculum are marked New and are proposed here for incorporation into an updated translation memory before Phase 2 begins.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline risk_definitions)
- Status: Reused (from Romans TM, exact match required) / New (proposed for this curriculum)
Section A — Reused Terms (Romans Baseline, Exact Match Required)
| Term (English) | Greek | Azerbaijani Rendering | Risk | Titus Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | Lütf | High | 1:4, 2:11, 3:7, 3:15 | Must not collapse into mərhəmət (reserved for ἔλεος, distinct term below) or kərəm. |
| Faith | πίστις | İman | High | 1:1, 1:4, 1:13, 2:2, 2:10, 3:15 | Object of faith (God/Christ) must remain recoverable from context throughout. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | Salehlik | Critical | 3:5 (“works of righteousness”) | Here used as the REJECTED ground of salvation — critical negation clause; see justification below. |
| Justification | δικαιόω | Saleh sayılma | Critical | 3:7 | Forensic declaration grounded explicitly in χάρις (grace), reinforcing 3:5’s “not by works.” |
| Salvation | σωτηρία / σῴζω | Xilas (verb: xilas etmək) | Critical | 1:3(σωτήρ), 1:4, 2:10, 2:11(σωτήριος), 2:13(σωτήρ), 3:4(σωτήρ), 3:5(ἔσωσεν), 3:6(σωτήρ) | Titus applies the σωτήρ (Savior) title to BOTH Father and Son — see Section B, “Savior.” |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | Həvari | Medium | 1:1 | Distinguish from Imamate-style successive authority per baseline note. |
| Holy | ἅγιος | Müqəddəs | High | 3:5 (πνεῦμα ἅγιον) | — |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Müqəddəs Ruh | Critical | 3:5 | Agent of regeneration/renewal; never Cəbrail. Third Person of Trinity, must be taught explicitly. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | Sülh | Medium | 1:4 | Part of “Lütf və sülh” greeting formula; must match Romans rendering exactly. |
| Glory | δόξα | Ehtişam | High | 2:13 | Avoid nur (Shia Imamate light-doctrine associations). |
| Law (Mosaic) | νόμος / νομικός | Qanun (adj: qanuni/qanunla bağlı) | High | 3:9 (μάχας νομικάς) | Never şəriət. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτάνω | Günah | High | 3:11 | — |
| Messiah/Christ | Χριστός | Məsih | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 2:13, 3:6 | Always paired with İsa; never a bare honorific. |
| Election | ἐκλεκτός | Seçilmə-root (ἐκλεκτῶν → seçilmişlərin) | High | 1:1 | Never qismət/yazı. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | İsa | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 2:13, 3:6 | Always paired with Məsih in doctrinal contexts; never bare. |
| God | θεός | Allah | Critical | throughout | Consistent IBT convention, never Tanrı. |
| Father | πατήρ | Ata | Critical | 1:4 (θεοῦ πατρός) | Relational sense, not literal-offspring implication. |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | Nəsihət vermək | Low | 2:15 | Context-sensitive per baseline (yalvarmaq for entreaty). |
| David (n/a — not present in Titus) | — | — | — | — | Noted for completeness: David/Israel/Abba/seed_of_David do not occur in Titus. |
Section B — New Terms Proposed for Titus (Pending Theologian Approval and Translation Memory Update)
| Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Azerbaijani Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearing / Epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω | epiphaneia / epiphainō | Görünmə / zühur etmə (görünərək aşkar olma) | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Incarnation (cross-doctrine) | 2:11, 2:13, 3:4 | Zühur (Shia Twelfth Imam return doctrine — REJECTED), təzahür (shares loaded root — REJECTED) | Single highest new risk in this curriculum. Never use ظهر-root vocabulary. Covers both Christ’s first (past) and second (future) appearing. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Xilaskar | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works; Deity of Christ | 1:3(Father), 1:4(Son), 2:10(Father), 2:13(Son), 3:4(Father), 3:6(Son) | generic “qurtarıcı” (rescuer, loses titular weight) | Applied to BOTH Father and Son in matched 3+3 pattern — deliberate Christological argument; teach the dual application explicitly. |
| Sonship/Deity construction “our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” | θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou | böyük Allahımız və Xilaskarımız İsa Məsih | Critical | Deity of Christ (Romans-baseline doctrine, reaffirmed) | 2:13 | Any rendering that punctuates/splits into two separate figures — REJECTED; softened “honored servant” readings — REJECTED | Granville Sharp construction; Azerbaijani lacks the Greek article mechanism, so word order/apposition must carry the single-identity force. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Grace trains/disciplines | παιδεύω | paideuō | tərbiyə edir | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | generic “öyrədir” (merely “teaches,” loses disciplinary/formative force) | Warm resonance with Azerbaijani tərbiyə (moral upbringing) tradition; clarify grace itself, not law or ritual, is the trainer. |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | Allahpərəstlik (adv. εὐσεβῶς: Allaha sadiq şəkildə) | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:1, 2:12 | təqva (Islamic legal/ritual piety framework — REJECTED); mömünlük (strongly Islamic-coded piety marker — flagged, avoid as primary term) | Distinguish relational, Spirit-worked godliness from təqva’s rule-observance framework. |
| Self-controlled / sound-minded | σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω | sōphrōn / sōphronōs | ağıllı-kamallı / özünə hakim | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Qualifications for Elders | 1:8, 2:2, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6, 2:12 | ascetic self-denial framing (Sufi-adjacent) as the sole sense — flagged, not rejected outright, but must not be the exclusive frame | Recurs across elder qualifications and household instructions; keep as Spirit-enabled self-mastery, not mere social respectability. |
| Good works | καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα | kala / agatha erga | yaxşı işlər | Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:16, 2:7, 2:14, 3:1, 3:8, 3:14 | saleh əməllər (the Romans-baseline REJECTED works-ledger term — must NEVER be used here) | Recurring letter-wide refrain; mandatory “fruit not root” teaching note at every occurrence (see 07_semantic_analysis.md Part 1, Titus 3:8). |
| Redeem / Redemption | λυτρόω | lytrōsētai | satın almaq / əvəzini ödəyib azad etmək | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | generic “qurtarmaq” (loses price-paid nuance) | Names the price-paid mechanism underlying Xilas; keep distinct from the broader salvation term. |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | qanunsuzluq | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | — | Built on Qanun root; comprehensive rebellion against God’s order, not isolated wrongdoing. |
| Purify / Cleanse | καθαρίζω | katharisē | təmizləmək | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | — | Risk of ritual-ablution association (dəstəmaz/qüsl); teach as Christ’s decisive, completed moral cleansing. |
| A people for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος | laos periousios | Öz xüsusi xalqı | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; Unity of Jews and Gentiles (cross-doctrine) | 2:14 | — | OT covenant echo (Exodus 19:5, Deut 7:6); requires background teaching, similar to davidic_covenant caution in baseline. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | Mərhəmət | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | — | Distinct from and complementary to Lütf (grace), NOT a substitute for it; must be taught as itself excluding a works-conditioned framework, per 3:5’s context. |
| Washing | λουτρόν | loutron | yuyulma | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | — | Strong ritual-ablution collision risk (dəstəmaz/qüsl); metaphor for Spirit’s regenerating work, not a repeatable physical ritual. |
| Regeneration | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | yenidən doğulma | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | reincarnation-adjacent cyclical framing — REJECTED | One-time, decisive, monergistic Spirit-work; teach alongside 3:5’s “not by works” clause. |
| Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | təzələnmə | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | secular self-improvement framing alone — flagged | Paired with regeneration as the Spirit’s ongoing renewing work; keep πνεύματος ἁγίου (of the Holy Spirit) as explicit agent. |
| Heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | varis | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 | — | Distinguish grace-given full inheritance from proportional sharia-defined inheritance shares (miras bölgüsü). |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | əbədi həyat | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:2, 3:7 | cənnətə girmək-only framing (already rejected for Xilas in baseline; same caution applies) | Relational ongoing life with God, not primarily a garden-paradise destination. |
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | ağsaqqal | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | presviter (unfamiliar transliteration, low resonance) | Positive cultural resonance risks readers substituting informal seniority-based respect for the passage’s explicit doctrinal/moral qualification list (1:6-9). |
| Overseer / Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | nəzarətçi | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | yepiskop (imports hierarchical clerical-rank associations foreign to Titus’s flat local-church model) | Same office as πρεσβύτερος in this passage; teach explicitly as one office, not a higher rank. |
| Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | bir arvadın əri | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6 | softened/vague renderings that avoid the numeral “one” — REJECTED | Direct tension with historical Islamic polygyny allowance; preserve literal phrase, address interpretive question in teaching notes, flag for theologian review. |
| Blameless | ἀνέγκλητος | anenklētos | nöqsansız / qüsursuz | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6, 1:7 | — | — |
| Hospitable | φιλόξενος | philoxenos | qonaqpərvər | Low | Qualifications for Elders | 1:8 | — | Strong positive cultural resonance; genuine bridge-point. |
| Sound doctrine / sound teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | Sağlam təlim | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9, 1:13, 2:1, 2:2, 2:8, 2:10 | — | Recurs across letter; must render identically every time. Interfaith-sensitivity weight given legal regulation of religious speech in Azerbaijan; pastoral care required. |
| Knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | epignōsis alētheias | həqiqətin dərk edilməsi | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:1 | — | Note root-resonance with al-Haqq (a Name of Allah); clarify specific gospel content, not philosophical Ultimate Reality claim. |
| Servant/slave of God | δοῦλος θεοῦ | doulos theou | Allahın qulu | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living (self-identification) | 1:1 | — | Positive resonance with Islamic “qul” self-designation; disambiguate from literal household-slave referent (2:9). |
| Conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | vicdan | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:15 | — | Low-risk shared term. |
| Preaching / Proclamation | κήρυγμα | kērygma | vəz | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:3 | xütbə (imports Islamic Friday-sermon genre — avoid) | — |
| Submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσομαι | hypotassomai | tabe olmaq | High | Submission to Authority | 2:5, 2:9, 3:1 | unconditional-obedience-regardless-of-righteousness framing — flagged, teach with balance | Applies to civil authorities (3:1), household relations (2:5), and bondservants (2:9); teach as voluntary, ordered respect, not blind compliance. |
| Rulers / Authorities | ἀρχαί / ἐξουσίαι | archai / exousiai | hakimiyyətlər / səlahiyyətlilər | High | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | — | Parallel to Romans 13 caution; route for political-sensitivity awareness given Azerbaijan’s governance context. |
| Obey (civil) | πειθαρχέω | peitharcheō | itaət etmək | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | — | Disambiguate from baseline’s “obedience of faith” (İmanın gətirdiyi itaət) — different referent (civil vs. faith obedience). |
| Foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις | mōrai zētēseis | mənasız mübahisələr | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | — | — |
| Genealogies (disputes) | γενεαλογίαι | genealogiai | nəsil şəcərələri mübahisələri | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | — | — |
| Quarrels about the law | μάχας νομικάς | machas nomikas | qanunla bağlı davalar | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | şəriətlə bağlı davalar (REJECTED — imports Islamic law) | Built on Qanun root. |
| Divisive person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | bölücü/parçalayıcı adam | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | firqəçi adam (imports specific intra-Islamic sectarian categories — avoid) | Names the person for limited-warning-then-separation discipline, not merely disputed ideas. |
| Kindness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | xeyirxahlıq | Low | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | — | — |
| Love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | insanlara olan məhəbbət | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | — | Keep tied to God’s specific saving action (3:5), not generic humanitarianism. |
| Blessed hope | μακαρία ἐλπίς | makaria elpis | xoşbəxt/bərəkətli ümid | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living (future hope) | 2:13 | nicat-style deferred/uncertain hope framing — flagged per baseline pattern | Certain, joy-grounded expectation, not probabilistic Judgment-Day hope. |
| God who cannot lie | ἀψευδὴς θεός | apseudēs theos | yalan danışmayan Allah | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works (epistemic grounding) | 1:2 | — | Positive resonance with Islamic doctrine of Allah’s truthfulness. |
Section C — Absent Baseline Terms (Notable for Coverage Completeness)
The following terms established in the Romans baseline do not occur in Titus and require no new rendering decision, but are noted here to confirm full-book coverage was checked against them: Lord (κύριος — notably absent as a title in Titus; deity conveyed instead via the θεός/σωτήρ construction, see 2:13), Son of God (υἱὸς θεοῦ), Incarnation (as a named event-term — though conceptually present via ἐπιφάνεια), Resurrection (ἀνάστασις), Church (ἐκκλησία), Kingdom of God, Spiritual Gifts, Fellowship (κοινωνία), Covenant (διαθήκη — though conceptually echoed in λαὸς περιούσιον), Intercession, Providence, Prophet/Prophecy, David, Israel, Abba, Gentiles, Power of God, Seed of David, Imputed Righteousness (as a distinct phrase, though δικαιωθέντες in 3:7 carries the same doctrine).
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms, Section B) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 5 (Appearing/Epiphany; Savior title; “great God and Savior” construction; Good works; Regeneration) | Human theologian, mandatory every occurrence |
| High | 9 (παιδεύω-trains; Godliness; Redeem; Purify; Washing; Renewal; Elder; Overseer; Husband of one wife; Sound doctrine; Submit/authorities) — note: 11 items across High tier listed in Section B table | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 10 | Automated review |
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) and cross-checked against doctrine_risk_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of Titus begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Salehlik
Transliteration: sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: saleh əməllər (righteous deeds, as the ground itself)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5 (‘not by works of righteousness which we have done’) is the clearest single-clause exclusion of works-as-ground in the letter; render the full negation deliberately naming saleh əməllər AS THE REJECTED CATEGORY so the contrast with grace/mercy is unmistakable. Never let this negative use bleed into a denial of righteousness itself, which elsewhere (implicitly, via justification) remains a received status.
Justification
Approved rendering: Saleh sayılma
Transliteration: sah-LEHKH sah-yuhl-MAH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: günahların bağışlanması (forgiveness of sins, alone)
Original: δικαιόω (δικαιωθέντες)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7 (δικαιωθέντες τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι) grounds this forensic declaration explicitly in grace, reinforcing 3:5. Keep distinct from the same-sentence regeneration/renewal (3:5) — justification is legal status, regeneration is Spirit-wrought new birth; both are present and both must be taught as distinct, complementary doctrines.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Xilas
Transliteration: khee-LAHS
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: nicat (Imamate-intercession-linked deferred hope), cənnətə girmək (entering paradise)
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω (ἔσωσεν)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s aorist ἔσωσεν (‘he saved us’) must render as a completed, past-tense act with present standing — ‘bizi xilas etdi’ — never softened toward a deferred, hoped-for outcome. Root also underlies the new term Xilaskar (Savior title, see Section 2).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs Ruh
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: Cəbrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5 names the Holy Spirit as the direct agent of regeneration (yenidən doğulma) and renewal (təzələnmə) — a concentrated Trinitarian and soteriological claim requiring the ‘third Person of the Trinity, not Cəbrail’ teaching note at this occurrence, per the baseline’s first-use-per-lesson rule.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Məsih
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sadəcə bir peyğəmbər (merely a prophet)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Always paired with İsa in Titus (1:1, 1:4, 2:13, 3:6); never a bare honorific. Occurs within the Critical Granville Sharp construction at 2:13.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peyğəmbər’ (Prophet Jesus, without Məsih)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never used bare in doctrinally significant Titus contexts (1:1, 1:4, 2:13, 3:6); always paired İsa Məsih, including within the Critical 2:13 construction.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı (Turkish convention, not settled Azerbaijani IBT usage)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Applied jointly to the Father throughout Titus and, at 2:13, explicitly and grammatically to Jesus Christ via the Granville Sharp construction — the letter’s sharpest deity-of-Christ statement.
Father
Approved rendering: Ata
Transliteration: ah-TAH
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: Yaradan (Creator, avoiding relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the Titus 1:4 greeting formula alongside Christ (‘Atamız Allahdan… və Xilaskarımız Məsih İsadan’); relational sense only, never implying literal offspring, which tawhid forbids.
Epiphany Appearing
Approved rendering: Görünmə
Transliteration: gyoo-ryoon-MAH
Doctrine: Epiphany (Appearing) of Christ
Rejected alternatives: zühur (Shia Twelfth Imam’s awaited reappearance, Zuhur al-Mahdi — FORBIDDEN), təzahür (shares the same ظهر Arabic root — FORBIDDEN)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω
Category: Christology
NEW. The single highest new risk term in this curriculum. Occurs three times (2:11, past appearing/grace; 2:13, future appearing/glory; 3:4, appearing of God’s kindness), bracketing the core passage. Never render with any ظهر-root Azerbaijani vocabulary. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Xilaskar
Transliteration: khee-lahs-KAHR
Doctrine: Savior Title Applied to Father and Son
Rejected alternatives: qurtarıcı (generic rescuer, loses titular weight)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. Built on the established Xilas root. Applied to God the Father exactly three times (1:3, 2:10, 3:4) and to Jesus Christ exactly three times (1:4, 2:13, 3:6) in a deliberate matched pattern arguing shared divine identity and saving function; teaching material must name this dual pattern explicitly.
Great God And Savior Construction
Approved rendering: böyük Allahımız və Xilaskarımız İsa Məsih
Transliteration: boh-YOOK ahl-lah-HUH-muhz vah khee-lahs-kah-ruh-MUHZ ee-SAH mah-SEEKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any rendering that punctuates/splits into two separate figures (Father vs. Son) — FORBIDDEN, softened ‘honored servant’ readings — FORBIDDEN
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Titus 2:13’s Granville Sharp construction (one Greek article governing both ‘God’ and ‘Savior,’ both referring to Jesus Christ) — the single most explicit affirmation of Christ’s full deity in the letter. Azerbaijani lacks the Greek article mechanism; word order and apposition must carry the single-identity force. Mandatory human theologian review; directly confronts tawhid (Qur’an 112:3) and must never be softened.
Good Works
Approved rendering: yaxşı işlər
Transliteration: yahkh-SHUH eesh-LAIR
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: saleh əməllər (the Romans-baseline REJECTED works-ledger term — NEVER USE)
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Recurs letter-wide (1:16, 2:7, 2:14, 3:1, 3:8, 3:14). Deliberately built on iş (‘work/deed’) rather than əməl, the Islamic Judgment-Day ledger unit. MANDATORY ‘fruit not root’ teaching note at every occurrence, citing 3:5 (‘not by works of righteousness’) alongside 3:8 (‘those who have believed… devoted to good works’).
Regeneration
Approved rendering: yenidən doğulma
Transliteration: yeh-nee-DAHN doh-ool-MAH
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: any cyclical-rebirth/reincarnation-adjacent framing — FORBIDDEN
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
NEW. παλιγγενεσία, Titus 3:5. Must be taught as a ONE-TIME, decisive, monergistic Spirit-accomplished new birth, never a repeatable cycle; teach alongside 3:5’s ‘not by works’ clause so regeneration is understood as God’s act, not human achievement.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütf
Transliteration: LYUTF
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: mərhəmət (mercy), kərəm (Persian-influenced ‘divine generosity’)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 2:11-12, grace is personified as the active subject that ‘appeared’ and ‘trains’ (tərbiyə edir) believers; in Titus 3:5, Lütf is paired with, but distinct from, Mərhəmət (ἔλεος) — both exclude works as the ground of salvation. Also anchors the fixed greeting formula ‘Lütf və sülh’ (1:4), which must match its Romans rendering exactly.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: etiqad (doctrinal conviction/creed)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus, context-sensitive between saving trust (1:1, 1:13, 2:2, 3:15) and general trustworthiness of conduct (2:10, ἐνδεικνυμένους πίστιν ἀγαθήν); disambiguate the referent in teaching notes at 2:10.
Holy
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: təmiz (ritually clean)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus, occurs as the modifier of πνεῦμα ἅγιον (3:5, Müqəddəs Ruh).
Glory
Approved rendering: Ehtişam
Transliteration: eh-htee-SHAHM
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (Shia Imamate light-doctrine associations)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13 (‘the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior’) applies Ehtişam jointly to the Father and Son as one identity per the Granville Sharp construction; avoid nur, which would import Twelfth-Imam Nur-i Məhəmmədi light-doctrine associations.
Law
Approved rendering: Qanun
Transliteration: kah-NOON
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: şəriət (Islamic religious law)
Original: νόμος / νομικός
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:9 (‘quarrels about the law,’ μάχας νομικάς) refers to a specific historical Judaizing-legalist dispute over the Mosaic Law; render qanunla bağlı davalar, never şəriətlə bağlı davalar.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAHKH
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: xəta (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:3’s self-inclusive vice-list (‘we ourselves also once were…’) and 3:11’s ‘self-condemned’ sinning both depend on Günah; Titus 3:3 additionally requires the Universal Human Accountability doctrine note, since fitrə anthropology resists a comprehensive, self-inclusive pre-conversion sinfulness claim covering even an apostle.
Election
Approved rendering: Seçilmə
Transliteration: say-cheel-MAY
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: qismət (fate/fortune), yazı (fatalistic decree)
Original: ἐκλεκτός (ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 (‘the faith of God’s elect,’ ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ) grounds Paul’s apostolic mission in this sovereign, personal choosing; must also be distinguished in teaching notes from Shia Imamate ‘chosenness’ of specific leaders, a different category from the whole believing community’s election.
Grace Trains
Approved rendering: tərbiyə edir
Transliteration: tar-bee-YAH eh-DEER
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: öyrədir (generic ‘teaches,’ loses disciplinary/formative force)
Original: παιδεύω (παιδεύουσα)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 2:12 (παιδεύουσα). Warm resonance with Azerbaijani tərbiyə (moral upbringing), associated with Islamic parenting literature; teaching material must clarify that grace itself — not law, ritual, or parental duty — is the active subject performing this training.
Godliness
Approved rendering: Allahpərəstlik
Transliteration: ahl-lah-pah-rahst-LEEK
Doctrine: Godliness
Rejected alternatives: təqva (Islamic legal/ritual piety framework — REJECTED), mömünlük (strongly Islamic-coded piety marker — avoid as primary term)
NEW. Titus 1:1, 2:12 (εὐσέβεια/εὐσεβῶς). Distinguish relational, Spirit-worked godliness — grace’s fruit — from a rule-observance framework in which piety precedes or earns divine favor.
Redeem
Approved rendering: satın almaq / əvəzini ödəyib azad etmək
Transliteration: sah-TUHN ahl-MAHKH / ah-vah-zee-NEE oh-dah-YEEB ah-ZAHD et-MAKH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: qurtarmaq (generic rescue, loses price-paid nuance), Xilas etmək (reserved for the broader salvation concept)
Original: λυτρόω (λυτρώσηται)
Category: Salvation
NEW. λυτρόω, Titus 2:14. Names the price-paid mechanism (Christ’s self-giving) underlying salvation; keep distinct from the broader Xilas term so learners see redemption as mechanism, not synonym.
Purify
Approved rendering: təmizləmək
Transliteration: tah-meez-lah-MAKH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: καθαρίζω (καθαρίσῃ)
Category: Salvation
NEW. καθαρίζω, Titus 2:14. Strong collision risk with Islamic ritual ablution (dəstəmaz/qüsl); teaching material must state this is a completed, Christ-accomplished moral cleansing tied to his self-giving, not a repeatable ritual act that itself earns standing.
Washing
Approved rendering: yuyulma
Transliteration: yoo-yool-MAH
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: dəstəmaz / qüsl (specific named Islamic ritual acts — NEVER USE), paklanma (reserved for a different ritual-purification risk elsewhere)
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation
NEW. λουτρόν, Titus 3:5. No unloaded native alternative exists; risk is mitigated entirely through mandatory teaching notes stating this is a metaphor for the Spirit’s one-time regenerating work, never a repeatable physical rite.
Renewal
Approved rendering: təzələnmə
Transliteration: tah-zah-lahn-MAH
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: secular self-improvement framing alone — flagged
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. ἀνακαίνωσις, Titus 3:5. Paired with regeneration as the Spirit’s initiating-and-ongoing twofold work; must not stand alone without its explicit divine-agent modifier (Müqəddəs Ruhun təzələnməsi).
Elder
Approved rendering: ağsaqqal
Transliteration: ahgh-sahkh-KAHL
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: presviter (accurate but unfamiliar transliteration, low resonance)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW. πρεσβύτερος, Titus 1:5. Deep positive cultural resonance as a respected community figure honored by age/seniority (village councils, mosque-community leadership); risk is readers substituting informal seniority-based respect for the passage’s explicit doctrinal/moral qualification list (1:6-9).
Overseer
Approved rendering: nəzarətçi
Transliteration: nah-zah-raht-CHEE
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: yepiskop (imports hierarchical clerical-rank associations foreign to Titus’s flat local-church model)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW. ἐπίσκοπος, Titus 1:7. Used interchangeably with πρεσβύτερος in this passage, confirming elder and overseer name ONE office viewed by function (oversight) vs. status (seniority); must be taught explicitly as the same office, not a higher clerical rank.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: bir arvadın əri
Transliteration: BEER ahr-vah-DUHN ah-REE
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: softened/vague renderings that avoid the numeral ‘one’ — FORBIDDEN
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
NEW. μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ, Titus 1:6. Direct tension with the historical Islamic legal allowance of polygyny (up to four wives under Sunni fiqh; mut’a temporary marriage historically practiced in some Shia contexts). Preserve the literal phrase exactly; address the interpretive question (marital faithfulness vs. strict numeral) in teaching notes, not by softening the translation. Mandatory human theologian review.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: Sağlam təlim
Transliteration: sahgh-LAHM tah-LEEM
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
NEW. ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, recurring across the letter (1:9, 1:13, 2:1, 2:2, 2:8, 2:10). Must render identically at every occurrence. The underlying health/disease metaphor implies competing religious teaching is ‘diseased,’ carrying real interfaith-sensitivity weight given Azerbaijan’s legal regulation of religious speech; teach with pastoral care in surrounding material, not by altering the term.
Submit
Approved rendering: tabe olmaq
Transliteration: tah-BEH ohl-MAHKH
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: unconditional-obedience-regardless-of-righteousness framing — flagged, teach with balance
Original: ὑποτάσσομαι
Category: Civil Authority
NEW. ὑποτάσσομαι, applied in Titus to civil authorities (3:1), wives (2:5), and bondservants (2:9). Must be taught as voluntary, ordered respect, not blind compliance; route for theologian awareness given Azerbaijan’s political environment.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: hakimiyyətlər və səlahiyyətlilər
Transliteration: hah-kee-mee-yaht-LAIR vah sah-lah-hee-yaht-lee-LAIR
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαί / ἐξουσίαι
Category: Civil Authority
NEW. ἀρχαί/ἐξουσίαι, Titus 3:1. Parallels the Romans 13:1 caution; carries real pastoral and legal-safety weight in Azerbaijan’s post-Soviet political context. Flag for native speaker review with political-sensitivity awareness.
Self Giving For Us
Approved rendering: Özünü bizim üçün verdi
Transliteration: oh-zoo-NOO bee-ZEEM oo-CHOON ver-DEE
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: δίδωμι ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν (ἔδωκεν)
Category: Christology
NEW. δίδωμι ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, Titus 2:14. Titus never explicitly narrates Christ’s death/resurrection sequence; external teaching support is essential so this is understood as an actual, historical, substitutionary self-sacrifice culminating in real death, not merely metaphorical devotion.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Həvari
Transliteration: heh-vah-REE
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: peyğəmbər (prophet-messenger), imam (Shia infallible successor sense)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 pairs Paul’s apostleship with δοῦλος θεοῦ (servant of God, see Section 2); distinguish from Imamate-style successive spiritual authority, and from the flat, plural local-eldership model Titus establishes for Crete.
Peace
Approved rendering: Sülh
Transliteration: SYULKH
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: rahatlıq (inner calm/comfort)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in the Titus 1:4 greeting formula ‘Lütf və sülh sizə olsun’; must match the Romans-established formula exactly per cross-document consistency rules.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: ağıllı-kamallı / özünə hakim
Transliteration: ah-uh-LUH kah-mahl-LUH / oh-zoo-NAH hah-KEEM
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: exclusively ascetic/Sufi-style self-denial framing — flagged, not the sole sense
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. σώφρων/σωφρόνως/σωφρονίζω, recurring across elder qualifications (1:8) and household instructions (2:2, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6, 2:12). Keep as Spirit-enabled self-government, not mere social respectability or ascetic self-denial.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: qanunsuzluq
Transliteration: kah-noon-sooz-LOOKH
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. ἀνομία, Titus 2:14. Built on the Qanun root; comprehensive rebellion against God’s order, from which believers are redeemed — not isolated wrongdoing. Must not evoke şəriət by association.
Treasured People
Approved rendering: Öz xüsusi xalqı
Transliteration: OHZ khoo-soo-SEE khahl-KUH
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: λαὸς περιούσιον
Category: Covenant
NEW. λαὸς περιούσιος, Titus 2:14. OT covenant echo (Exodus 19:5; Deuteronomy 7:6) now extended to the church; requires background teaching, similar to the baseline’s davidic_covenant caution, or readers will hear only a generic ‘special people’ phrase.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Mərhəmət
Transliteration: mar-hah-MAHT
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἔλεος, Titus 3:4-5. Correct and necessary here (unlike the Romans baseline’s caution against mərhəmət as a substitute for grace) because ἔλεος is its own distinct biblical concept alongside Lütf. Teaching material must state that this mercy, like grace, saves apart from works (3:5), preventing a deeds-conditioned reading from re-entering through the ‘mercy’ door.
Heir
Approved rendering: varis
Transliteration: vah-REES
Doctrine: Heirship and Eternal Life
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. κληρονόμος, Titus 3:7. Standard Islamic inheritance-law vocabulary (miras bölgüsü, fixed kinship-based shares); teaching material must clarify this heirship is a full, grace-given, non-proportional inheritance status, not a proportional legal share.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: əbədi həyat
Transliteration: ah-bah-DEE hah-YAHT
Doctrine: Heirship and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: cənnətə girmək-only framing (already rejected for Xilas in baseline; same caution applies)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ζωὴ αἰώνιος, Titus 1:2, 3:7. Relational, Christ-centered ongoing life with God; must be distinguished from the Islamic afterlife framing of cənnət (paradise-garden destination).
Blameless
Approved rendering: nöqsansız / qüsursuz
Transliteration: nohkh-sahn-SUHZ / koo-soor-SOOZ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
NEW. ἀνέγκλητος, Titus 1:6-7. Low collision risk; near-synonym pair usable interchangeably per local register preference.
Knowledge Of The Truth
Approved rendering: həqiqətin dərk edilməsi
Transliteration: hah-kee-kah-TEEN dark eh-deel-mah-SEE
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Doctrine
NEW. ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας, Titus 1:1. ‘Həqiqət’ shares a root with al-Haqq, one of the 99 Names of Allah; clarify that ‘the truth’ here is the specific gospel content about Christ, not a philosophical claim about Ultimate Reality.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın qulu
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN koo-LOO
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. δοῦλος θεοῦ, Titus 1:1. Positive resonance with the Islamic self-designation qul (slave/servant of Allah); disambiguate Paul’s apostolic-commissioning sense here from the literal household-slave referent used later of bondservants (2:9).
Obey Civil
Approved rendering: itaət etmək
Transliteration: ee-tah-AHT et-MAKH
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Civil Authority
NEW. πειθαρχέω, Titus 3:1. Shares its root with the baseline’s ‘obedience of faith’ (İmanın gətirdiyi itaət); disambiguate — this is civil obedience, a different referent from obedience flowing from saving faith.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: mənasız mübahisələr
Transliteration: mah-nah-SUHZ moo-bah-hee-sah-LAIR
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Church
NEW. μωραὶ ζητήσεις, Titus 3:9. Speculative, unproductive intellectual disputes to be actively avoided.
Quarrels About The Law
Approved rendering: qanunla bağlı davalar
Transliteration: kah-noon-LAH bahgh-LUH dah-vah-LAHR
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: şəriətlə bağlı davalar (FORBIDDEN — imports Islamic law wholesale)
Original: μάχας νομικάς
Category: Covenant
NEW. μάχας νομικάς, Titus 3:9. Built on the Qanun root; a specific historical controversy over Mosaic-Torah application, not a general comment on law-and-society.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: bölücü/parçalayıcı adam
Transliteration: boh-loo-JOO / pahr-chah-lah-yuh-JUH ah-DAHM
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: firqəçi adam (FORBIDDEN — imports specific intra-Islamic sectarian categories)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
NEW. αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος, Titus 3:10. Names the person for limited-warning-then-separation discipline; firqə is the standard Azerbaijani term for intra-Islamic sectarian division and must not be used, to avoid recasting a general NT pastoral-discipline principle as a comment on Sunni/Shia sectarian conflict.
Love For Mankind
Approved rendering: insanlara olan məhəbbət
Transliteration: een-sahn-lah-RAH oh-LAHN mah-hab-BAHT
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
NEW. φιλανθρωπία, Titus 3:4. Must not be reduced to a generic, gospel-detached humanitarian sentiment; keep tied to God’s specific saving action described in 3:5.
Blessed Hope
Approved rendering: xoşbəxt ümid / bərəkətli ümid
Transliteration: khosh-BAKHT oo-MEED / bah-rah-kaht-LEE oo-MEED
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: nicat-style deferred/uncertain hope framing — flagged per baseline pattern
Original: μακαρία ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. μακαρία ἐλπίς, Titus 2:13. ‘Ümid’ in everyday Azerbaijani religious speech can carry a probabilistic, uncertain sense; teaching material must clarify this is confident certainty grounded in what God has already accomplished (2:11, 14; 3:5-7).
God Who Cannot Lie
Approved rendering: yalan danışmayan Allah
Transliteration: yah-LAHN dah-nuhsh-mah-YAHN ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: Heirship and Eternal Life
Original: ἀψευδὴς θεός
Category: God
NEW. ἀψευδὴς θεός, Titus 1:2. Positive resonance with the Islamic doctrine of Allah’s truthfulness; teach alongside the specific promise being guaranteed (eternal life through Christ), not as a free-standing divine-attribute statement.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: allahsızlıq
Transliteration: ahl-lahkh-suhz-LUHKH
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
NEW. ἀσέβεια, Titus 2:12. The negative pole renounced by grace’s training; plain negation of Allahpərəstlik.
Worldly Desires
Approved rendering: dünyəvi həvəslər
Transliteration: doon-yah-VEE hah-vahs-LAIR
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin
NEW. κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι, Titus 2:12. ‘Dünyəvi’ is also the standard Azerbaijani civic/political term for ‘secular’ (dünyəvi dövlət); ensure first-use gloss makes clear this is a moral-spiritual category, not a comment on state secularism.
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: sünnətlilər
Transliteration: soon-naht-lee-LAIR
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς
Category: Covenant
NEW. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς, Titus 1:10. Jewish-legalist false teachers; requires OT/Judaizer-controversy background teaching similar to the baseline’s caution about covenant terms needing OT context.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: Nəsihət vermək
Transliteration: nah-see-HAHT ver-MAKH
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:15 names this as one of Titus’s threefold pastoral tasks (teach, exhort/nəsihət vermək, rebuke); context-sensitive per baseline note (yalvarmaq for entreaty).
Hospitable
Approved rendering: qonaqpərvər
Transliteration: koh-nahkh-pahr-VAHR
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church
NEW. φιλόξενος, Titus 1:8. Strongly positive Azerbaijani/Caucasus cultural virtue; a genuine bridge-point for teaching, essentially no negative collision.
Conscience
Approved rendering: vicdan
Transliteration: veej-DAHN
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. συνείδησις, Titus 1:15. Standard, low-risk shared term for the inward moral faculty.
Preaching
Approved rendering: vəz
Transliteration: VAHZ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: xütbə (Islamic Friday-sermon genre — avoid, imports foreign liturgical frame)
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Doctrine
NEW. κήρυγμα, Titus 1:3. The authoritative, public gospel proclamation entrusted to Paul.
Genealogies Disputes
Approved rendering: nəsil şəcərələri mübahisələri
Transliteration: nah-SEEL shah-jah-rah-lah-REE moo-bah-hee-sah-lah-REE
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Church
NEW. γενεαλογίαι, Titus 3:9. First-century Judaizing-controversy-specific detail; supply brief historical-context gloss rather than inventing a false modern analogy.
Kindness
Approved rendering: xeyirxahlıq
Transliteration: khay-eer-khahkh-LUHKH
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
NEW. χρηστότης, Titus 3:4. Paired with φιλανθρωπία as the character of God that ‘appeared.‘
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: Bu söz etibarlıdır
Transliteration: BOO sohz eh-tee-bahr-luh-DUHR
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, Titus 3:8. A formulaic endorsement flagging 3:4-7 as a trustworthy, weighty doctrinal summary; once fixed, use identically at any future recurrence across the wider Pauline corpus.
Referenced passages