Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference Analysis — Acts (Full Book) | English → Azerbaijani
Methodology
This analysis fulfills PRD Phase 1 Step 3: a complete cross-reference matrix covering every Old Testament quotation and allusion, every messianic reference, every typological pattern, and every parallel to other curricula in this language package — especially the baseline Romans package — across all 28 chapters of Acts. Citations are normalized in the form Book Chapter:Verse (e.g., Acts 2:21, Joel 2:32, Genesis 15:6) for consistent lookup in Phase 2 tooling. Chapters with no direct Old Testament quotation are still searched for allusion and typology; where genuinely none exists beyond material already logged, this is stated explicitly rather than omitted.
Columns:
- Passage — the Acts reference (and companion verses where a unit spans several verses)
- Theme — the curriculum doctrine(s) it feeds
- Related Character(s) — biblical figures central to the reference
- OT/NT Connection — the specific quoted, echoed, or typologically related text
- Romans Parallel — the specific link (shared quotation, shared doctrine, or shared vocabulary) to the baseline Romans package
- Translation Sensitivity — risk notes, drawing on
translation_memory.jsonanddoctrine_risk_registry.jsonconventions
Part 1 — Chapter-by-Chapter Cross-Reference Matrix
Chapter 1
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 1:8 | Great Commission Fulfilled; Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Jesus, apostles | Isaiah 49:6 (“ends of the earth” missiological horizon, echoed not quoted) | Parallels Romans 1:5 “obedience of faith among all the nations,” Romans 15:19-24 (mission to Spain, “ends of the earth” logic) | Structural thesis verse for the whole book; reuse Allahın qüdrəti for “power” (baseline) |
| Acts 1:9-11 | Deity of Christ; Great Commission Fulfilled | Jesus, two angels | Daniel 7:13-14 (Son of Man/cloud exaltation typology); 2 Kings 2:11 (Elijah’s ascension, typological contrast — Elijah taken up without dying, Jesus ascends after real death and resurrection) | No direct Romans parallel; supports baseline Resurrection/Ascension sequencing (real death required, per Qur’an 4:157 caution) | Must not let ascension imagery be read as supporting a no-death “taken up” reading; death and resurrection already established as historical fact before this scene |
| Acts 1:16,20 | Apostolic Authority | David, Judas, Peter | Psalm 69:25; Psalm 109:8 (both quoted directly regarding Judas’s fate/successor) | No direct Romans parallel; both psalms are imprecatory-psalm quotations, a genre absent from Romans’s OT citations | Peter treats these psalms as Spirit-inspired Scripture requiring literal fulfillment — reinforces Inspiration of Scripture doctrine (baseline) |
| Acts 1:17,25-26 | Apostolic Authority (extension) | The Eleven, Matthias | No direct OT quotation; κλῆρος (“lot”) echoes OT lot-casting practice (Leviticus 16:8; Proverbs 16:33) | No Romans parallel | See glossary entry Püşk; distinguish from qismət (forbidden fatalistic term) |
Chapter 2 — Core Passage (Acts 2:1-41)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 2:1 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | — | Leviticus 23:15-21; Exodus 34:22; Deuteronomy 16:9-12 (Feast of Weeks/Shavuot) | No direct Romans parallel | Requires explicit OT-calendar teaching note; see 07 semantic analysis |
| Acts 2:2-3 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | — | Exodus 3:2 (burning bush); Exodus 19:16-18 (Sinai fire/wind theophany); 1 Kings 19:11-12 (wind theophany to Elijah) | No direct Romans parallel | Theophanic pattern; avoid nur-style light-of-the-Imams associations when describing fire imagery |
| Acts 2:5-11 | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Diaspora Jews, proselytes | Genesis 11:1-9 (Babel dispersion/confusion of languages — Pentecost as reversal typology) | Anticipates Romans 3:29-30, 10:12-13 (“no distinction,” Jew and Gentile) | The Babel-reversal typology should be named explicitly in teaching notes as a canonical bookend |
| Acts 2:11 | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Proselytes | Background: Exodus 12:48-49 (proselyte inclusion in Passover); Isaiah 56:3,6-7 (foreigners joining themselves to the LORD) | Anticipates Romans 11:17-24 (grafting in of outsiders) | Prozelit (proselyte) needs brief gloss; distinct technical category from Millətlər (Gentiles) |
| Acts 2:17-21 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Joel, “sons and daughters” | Joel 2:28-32 quoted directly — the passage’s controlling OT text | Direct textual overlap with Romans 10:13, which quotes the same verse (Joel 2:32b) for the same salvation-confession formula | CRITICAL rendering-consistency case — see Part 5 below. Reuse Rəbb and Xilas exactly; preserve unqualified universality of “all flesh”/“everyone” |
| Acts 2:22 | Messianic Promise; Apostolic Authority | Jesus of Nazareth | Background: Deuteronomy 18:15 pattern of a Spirit-authenticated prophet-like-Moses figure (developed explicitly in Acts 3:22, 7:37) | No direct Romans parallel | ”Signs and wonders” — see baseline caution re: möcüzə/mu’jiza and kəramət |
| Acts 2:23 | Providence; Justification apart from the Law (background) | Jesus, “you” (the crowd) | Background: Isaiah 53:10 (it was the LORD’s will to crush him); Genesis 50:20 (Joseph typology — human evil within God’s determined good purpose) | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 8:28-30 (God’s foreknown, purposive plan) — same Allahın tədbiri framing required | Must not render with qismət/alın yazısı (forbidden per baseline) |
| Acts 2:25-28 | Resurrection of Christ; Messianic Promise | David | Psalm 16:8-11 quoted directly | Thematically parallel to Romans 1:4 (resurrection as vindicating declaration) and Romans 4:25 | Reuse Diriliş exactly; the psalm is read as messianic prophecy, not autobiography of David (v.29 makes the argument explicit) |
| Acts 2:29-31 | Davidic Covenant; Resurrection of Christ | David, “the Christ” | Continuation of Psalm 16:10 argument; background 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (Davidic covenant) | Direct parallel to Romans 1:3 (“descended from David according to the flesh”) — same Davidic-covenant logical chain | Reuse Davud, Məsih, Diriliş exactly; flag Critical for compounded claim |
| Acts 2:30 | Davidic Covenant | David | Background: 2 Samuel 7:12-13; Psalm 132:11 (God’s oath to David re: his offspring on the throne) | Direct Romans parallel: Romans 1:3 “seed of David” (Davudun nəslindən, baseline term) | Reuse baseline term exactly; same covenant-promise chain as Romans 1:3 |
| Acts 2:33 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Jesus, the Father | Background: fulfillment of the promised Spirit (Isaiah 44:3; Ezekiel 36:26-27; Joel 2:28-29) | No direct Romans quotation-overlap, but shares doctrine with Romans 8:9-11 (Spirit as down payment/seal) | Vəd (promise) kept distinct from Əhd (covenant, baseline) |
| Acts 2:34-35 | Lordship of Christ | David, “the Christ” | Psalm 110:1 quoted directly | Same psalm is foundational NT Christology throughout the canon; not directly quoted in Romans but underlies Romans 8:34 (“who is at the right hand of God, interceding”) | Reuse Rəbb exactly, Critical |
| Acts 2:36 | Lordship of Christ; Messianic Promise; Deity of Christ | Jesus, “all the house of Israel” | Culmination of the Psalm 110/Psalm 16 argument | Directly parallels the salvation confession of Romans 10:9 (“Jesus is Lord”) | Highest-stakes verse in the core passage; mandatory theologian review (already flagged in 07 semantic analysis) |
| Acts 2:38 | Repentance and Baptism; Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Peter, the crowd | Background: Ezekiel 36:25-27 (cleansing + new spirit); Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant, God’s law within); Isaiah 44:3 (Spirit poured on offspring) | Thematic parallel to Romans 6:1-4 (baptism into Christ’s death) and Romans 8:9-11 (indwelling Spirit) | Reuse tövbə, vəftiz, günahların bağışlanması exactly; the OT background (new-covenant cleansing) should be taught to deepen these terms beyond generic Islamic repentance/washing vocabulary |
| Acts 2:39 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | — | Echo of Joel 2:32c (“all who are far off… whom the Lord our God calls”) | Parallels Romans 4:16-17 (promise to Abraham’s seed “and to all”), Romans 9:24 (calling both Jews and Gentiles) | Reuse Çağırılmış/Çağırış family; effectual-calling sense, not mere invitation |
| Acts 2:41 | The Church as Community | — | No direct OT quotation; growth-motif language begins here | No direct Romans parallel; parallels Romans 15:18-19 (“what Christ has accomplished… to bring the Gentiles to obedience”) in a fruit-of-mission sense | Establishes church-growth vocabulary reused through the book |
Chapter 2:42-47 (continuation, outside core-passage verse range)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 2:44-45 | The Church as Community | — | Background: Deuteronomy 15:4 (“there will be no poor among you,” ideal covenant-community provision) | Thematic parallel to Romans 12:13 (“contribute to the needs of the saints”), Romans 15:26 (collection for the poor in Jerusalem) | See glossary caution re: Soviet-collectivism misreading |
Chapter 3
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 3:13 | Deity of Christ (background) | Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Jesus | Exodus 3:6,15 (God of the patriarchs formula) | Parallels Romans 9:5 (“God over all,” in the same patriarchal-lineage argument) | Reuse İbrahim (baseline transliteration) |
| Acts 3:13-14,26 | Messianic Promise; Deity of Christ | Jesus (“his servant… the Holy and Righteous One”) | Isaiah 52:13-53:12 (Suffering Servant, echoed via “servant” title and “glorified”) | Directly parallels Romans 4:25 (“delivered up for our trespasses”) — same Suffering-Servant substructure | New title Müqəddəs və Saleh Olan; teach as Christ’s own character, connected to but distinct from believers’ derived Salehlik |
| Acts 3:18 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | ”all the prophets” | General fulfillment claim (no single verse) | Parallels Romans 1:2, 3:21 (“the Law and the Prophets bear witness”) | Reuse Peyğəmbərlik sözü |
| Acts 3:21 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Great Commission (eschatological horizon) | “his holy prophets” | Background: Malachi 4:5-6; Isaiah 65:17 (restoration hope) | No direct Romans parallel; parallels Romans 8:19-21 (creation’s future restoration) | See glossary caution re: geopolitical “restoration of Israel” conflation |
| Acts 3:22-23 | Messianic Promise; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Moses, Jesus | Deuteronomy 18:15,18-19 quoted directly | No direct Romans quotation-overlap, but shares “prophet greater than Moses” typology that undergirds Romans 10:4-5 (Christ as the law’s fulfillment/end) | Reuse Musa (baseline transliteration), Peyğəmbər |
| Acts 3:25 | Davidic/Abrahamic Covenant | Abraham | Genesis 22:18 / Genesis 12:3 quoted/echoed (“in your offspring shall all the families of the earth be blessed”) | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 4:13,16-18 (Abraham’s promise to his seed, received by faith) | Reuse İbrahim; connects to baseline’s imputed-righteousness doctrine cluster |
Chapter 4
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 4:11 | Deity of Christ; Salvation | Peter, “the builders” | Psalm 118:22 quoted directly (“the stone that the builders rejected”) | Parallels but is textually distinct from Romans 9:33 (which quotes Isaiah 28:16 / Isaiah 8:14, a different “stone” text) | Flag explicitly: two different OT stone-texts serve the same Christological image across Acts and Romans; do not conflate the citations, but may note the shared image in teaching material |
| Acts 4:12 | Salvation; Lordship of Christ | Jesus | No direct OT quotation; exclusivity formula | Parallels Romans 10:9-13’s unqualified salvation-confession universality (exclusive means, universal offer) | Preserve unqualified exclusivity; Critical |
| Acts 4:24 | Providence; Power of God | believers in prayer | Exodus 20:11; Psalm 146:6 (creation formula) | Parallels Romans 1:20,25 (Creator language) | Reuse Allah consistently |
| Acts 4:25-27 | Providence; Persecution and Bold Witness | David, Herod, Pilate, “the nations,” “the peoples of Israel” | Psalm 2:1-2 quoted directly | No direct Romans citation-overlap, but Psalm 2 (v.7, “you are my Son”) underlies the divine-sonship declaration language of Romans 1:4 | Reuse Allahın tədbiri-style providence framing |
| Acts 4:33 | Grace; Resurrection of Christ | Apostles | No direct OT quotation | Reuses baseline Lütf exactly, corporate application, parallel to Romans 5:15-17 | High; reuse Lütf exactly |
Chapter 5
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 5:30 | Resurrection of Christ; Justification (background) | Jesus, the Sanhedrin | Deuteronomy 21:22-23 allusion (“hanging him on a tree”) | Parallels the Suffering-Servant/curse-bearing substructure behind Romans 3:24-25 (redemption, propitiation) | Requires a real, completed death before resurrection — consistent with baseline forbidden-substitution rule |
| Acts 5:31 | Deity of Christ; Salvation | Jesus | New title “Author/Leader and Savior” (ἀρχηγὸν καὶ σωτῆρα); no single OT source verse, but echoes Joshua-typology of a “leader” who brings the people into promised rest | No direct Romans parallel | Reuse Xilas root for “Savior”; new title Banisi/Rəhbəri taught alongside, not replacing, baseline titles |
| Acts 5:3-4,9 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost (personhood) | Ananias, Sapphira, Peter | No OT quotation; theological argument (lying to the Spirit = lying to God) | Parallels Romans 8:9-11, 8:26-27 (the Spirit’s personal, divine agency) | Key text against Cəbrail-archangel misreading of Müqəddəs Ruh |
Chapter 6
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 6:13-14 | Persecution and Bold Witness | Stephen | Background allusion: Jeremiah 7:1-15; 26:1-6 (temple-sermon persecution pattern — a prophet accused of speaking against the temple) | No direct Romans parallel | Reviewed; no new OT quotation, typological pattern of prophet-persecution noted |
Chapter 7 (Stephen’s Speech — highest OT density in Acts)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 7:2-5 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Covenant | Abraham | Genesis 12:1,4-5,7; Genesis 15:13-14 echoed/quoted | Direct parallel to Romans 4 (Abraham’s faith and the promise) | Reuse İbrahim |
| Acts 7:6-7 | Covenant | Abraham | Genesis 15:13-14 quoted directly (400 years of slavery foretold) | No direct Romans citation-overlap; shared Abraham-narrative background with Romans 4 | Reuse Əhd for covenant framing |
| Acts 7:9-16 | Fulfillment of Prophecy (typology) | Joseph and his brothers | Genesis 37-50 (Joseph narrative, extended allusion) | No direct Romans parallel | Joseph as a suffering-then-exalted-deliverer type, an implicit Christ-typology worth noting in teaching material |
| Acts 7:17-29 | Fulfillment of Prophecy (typology) | Moses | Exodus 1:7-22; 2:1-15 (extended allusion); Exodus 2:14 quoted at 7:27,35 | No direct Romans parallel | Moses as rejected-deliverer type, paralleling Jesus’ own rejection (explicit in Stephen’s argument, 7:35,39) |
| Acts 7:30-34 | Messianic Promise (typology) | Moses, the LORD | Exodus 3:1-10,6 quoted/paraphrased (burning bush, divine name and commission) | No direct Romans parallel | Reuse Musa |
| Acts 7:37 | Messianic Promise; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Moses, Jesus | Deuteronomy 18:15 quoted again (parallel to Acts 3:22) | Same prophet-typology substructure as Acts 3:22 | Consistency check: must match Acts 3:22-23 rendering exactly |
| Acts 7:39-41 | Universal Human Accountability (background) | Israel at Sinai | Exodus 32:1,4,6 quoted/echoed (golden calf) | Parallels Romans 1:23,25 (idolatry, exchanging God’s glory for images) | Reuse büt/bütpərəstlik |
| Acts 7:42-43 | Universal Human Accountability | Israel | Amos 5:25-27 quoted directly | Parallels Romans 1:18-32 (idolatry leading to judgment) | No new collision term |
| Acts 7:44 | Covenant (background) | Israel, Moses | Exodus 25:9,40 (tabernacle pattern) | No direct Romans parallel | Narrative-historical background only |
| Acts 7:45-47 | Davidic Covenant (background) | David, Solomon | 2 Samuel 7:1-16; 1 Kings 6:1 (temple-building narrative) | Parallels Romans 1:3, 9:5 (Davidic lineage significance) | Reuse Davud |
| Acts 7:49-50 | Deity of Christ (background — God’s transcendence) | — | Isaiah 66:1-2 quoted directly (“heaven is my throne…”) | Parallels Romans 11:34-36 (God’s incomprehensible greatness) | No new collision term |
| Acts 7:51 | Universal Human Accountability; Persecution | Israel, Stephen’s accusers | Exodus 32:9; Isaiah 63:10 echoed (“resist the Holy Spirit”) | Parallels Romans 2:5 (hardened heart), and directly the same Spirit-resistance category as Romans 8’s Spirit-vs-flesh contrast | Reuse Müqəddəs Ruh |
| Acts 7:52 | Persecution and Bold Witness | ”the prophets,” “the Righteous One” | Background pattern: 2 Chronicles 36:15-16 (persecution of prophets) | No direct Romans parallel | ”The Righteous One” reused title — see Acts 3:14, 22:14 |
| Acts 7:53 | Law (background) | Moses, Israel | Background: Deuteronomy 33:2 (LXX) — law given through angels | Parallels the law-versus-grace tension developed fully in Romans 7 and Galatians 3:19 (not in this curriculum, but a natural cross-reference) | Reuse Qanun exactly; never şəriət |
Chapter 8
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 8:26-40 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Philip, the Ethiopian eunuch | Background: Isaiah 56:3-5 (eunuchs’ inclusion promised); contrasts Deuteronomy 23:1 (prior exclusion) | Parallels Romans 10:12-13 (no distinction), Romans 11:17-24 (grafting in the excluded) | Strong bridge/inclusion narrative; teach as fulfillment of Isaiah’s inclusion promise |
| Acts 8:32-33 | Messianic Promise; Resurrection of Christ (background: substitutionary death) | Jesus (the eunuch reads this of him) | Isaiah 53:7-8 quoted directly | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 4:25 (“delivered up for our trespasses”) — same Suffering-Servant text-family | Flag as a Critical messianic-identity text; the eunuch’s question (“about whom does the prophet say this?”) models the whole book’s apologetic method |
Chapter 9
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 9:3-6 | Conversion of Paul | Saul, Jesus | Typological pattern: prophetic-commissioning theophanies (Exodus 3; Isaiah 6; Ezekiel 1-3; Jeremiah 1) | No direct Romans quotation-overlap; Paul later reflects on his own calling in Romans 1:1 (“called to be an apostle”) | Light-theophany imagery; no OT quotation, allusive pattern only |
| Acts 9:15 | Conversion of Paul; Election | Paul | Background: Isaiah 49:1,5-6 (servant set apart before birth for a mission to the nations) — echoed, not quoted | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 9:11-12 (election language, σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς shares the ἐκλογή root with baseline Seçilmə) | Reuse Seçilmə root exactly |
Chapter 10
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 10:9-16 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Peter | Background: Leviticus 11; Deuteronomy 14 (clean/unclean food laws being set aside) | Parallels Romans 14:14,20 (nothing unclean in itself) | Reuse adi/murdar, never haram |
| Acts 10:34-35 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Universal Scope of the Gospel | Peter, Cornelius | Background: Deuteronomy 10:17 (“God shows no partiality”) | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 2:11 (“God shows no partiality”) — same principle, same Greek phrase family (προσωπολημψία) | High; preserve unqualified impartiality claim |
| Acts 10:44-45 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Cornelius’s household | Echoes Joel 2:28 again (cf. Acts 2:17) — the “Gentile Pentecost” | Same Joel-text substructure as Romans 10:13’s use of Joel 2:32 | Cross-reference Acts 2 core-passage rendering for consistency |
Chapter 11
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 11:16 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Peter | Recalls Jesus’ own words (cf. Acts 1:5), which themselves echo John the Baptist’s Spirit/fire prophecy (Matthew 3:11) | No direct Romans parallel | Internal NT cross-reference, not OT |
| Acts 11:18 | Repentance and Baptism; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Jerusalem church | No direct OT quotation | Parallels Romans 11:30-32 (God’s mercy extended to formerly disobedient Gentiles) | Reuse tövbə; flag consistency with 2:38 |
Chapter 12
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 12:6-11 | Providence | Peter, an angel | Typological parallel: Exodus 12 (Passover-night deliverance); Daniel 6:19-23 (Daniel delivered from the lions) | Parallels Romans 8:31-39 (nothing can separate/deliverance assurance) | No new OT quotation; typological allusion only |
| Acts 12:20-23 | Providence; Deity of Christ (implicit — God alone receives glory) | Herod Agrippa I | Typological parallel: Daniel 4:28-33 (a proud king struck down for taking glory due to God alone) | No direct Romans parallel | Reuse Ehtişam (glory) carefully — glory belongs to God alone, never usurped |
Chapter 13
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 13:22 | Davidic Covenant | David, Samuel | 1 Samuel 13:14 / Psalm 89:20 quoted/echoed (“a man after my own heart”) | No direct Romans parallel | Reuse Davud |
| Acts 13:33 | Deity of Christ; Resurrection of Christ | Jesus | Psalm 2:7 quoted directly (“You are my Son, today I have begotten you”) | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 1:4 (“declared to be the Son of God… by his resurrection”) — same sonship-by-resurrection logic | Reuse Allahın Oğlu exactly; Critical |
| Acts 13:34 | Davidic Covenant; Resurrection of Christ | David | Isaiah 55:3 quoted directly (“the holy and sure blessings of David”) | Parallels Romans 1:3-4’s Davidic-to-resurrection sequence | Reuse Davud, Diriliş |
| Acts 13:35 | Resurrection of Christ | David | Psalm 16:10 quoted again (parallel to Acts 2:27) | Same text-family underlying Romans 1:4/4:25 resurrection logic | Consistency check against Acts 2:27 rendering |
| Acts 13:38-39 | Justification apart from the Law | Paul, hearers at Antioch | No single OT quotation; direct doctrinal statement | Critical direct parallel to Romans 3:20-28, 4:1-25 — the same “law cannot justify; faith in Christ does” argument | Mandatory theologian review; reuse Saleh sayılma, Qanun exactly |
| Acts 13:41 | Fulfillment of Prophecy (warning) | “scoffers” | Habakkuk 1:5 quoted directly | No direct Romans citation-overlap, but Habakkuk 2:4 (“the righteous shall live by faith”) is Romans’s own thesis-verse source (Romans 1:17) — same prophetic book, different verse; flag the connection | Note in teaching material: same prophet (Habaqquq) supplies both Romans’s foundational faith-verse and this warning text |
| Acts 13:47 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Great Commission Fulfilled | Paul, Barnabas | Isaiah 49:6 quoted directly (“a light for the Gentiles”) | Parallels Romans 15:9-12’s catena of Gentile-inclusion OT citations (which itself quotes Isaiah 11:10) | Reuse millətlər; avoid nur for any glory-of-Christ claim, though acceptable here as a missiological “light” image per Isaiah’s own wording |
Chapter 14
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 14:15-17 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles (apologetic bridge) | Paul, Barnabas, Lystra crowd | Background: Deuteronomy 32:21; Jeremiah 2:5; 14:22 (“vain things,” idols); Psalm 146:6 (creation formula, reused from 4:24) | Parallels Romans 1:19-20 (general revelation through creation) | Positive monotheism bridge-point with Islamic theology against polytheism |
Chapter 15
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 15:16-17 | Justification apart from the Law; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | James, the Jerusalem Council | Amos 9:11-12 quoted directly (LXX form) | Direct thematic parallel to Romans 11:1-32 — Jewish remnant, Gentile inclusion, restoration of “the tent of David” echoes Romans 11’s olive-tree argument | Same doctrinal cluster as Romans 9-11; teach alongside for full-curriculum coherence |
| Acts 15:19-21 | Justification apart from the Law | The Council | Background: minimal requirements echo Leviticus 17-18 (resident-alien food/purity laws) | Parallels Romans 14:1-15:6 (accommodation on food/conscience issues, not salvation issues) | Reuse büt for “idols” |
Chapter 16
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 16:16-18 | Apostolic Authority and Miracles (counterfeit contrast) | Paul, a slave girl, “a spirit of divination” | Background contrast: Deuteronomy 18:10-11 (forbidden divination practices) | No direct Romans parallel | Reuse falçılıq ruhu; consistent with baseline’s rejection of falçı for “prophet” |
| Acts 16:31-34 | Repentance and Baptism; The Church as Community | The Philippian jailer and household | Typological echo: Exodus 12 (household-based deliverance at Passover) | Parallels Romans 10:9 (“if you believe… you will be saved”) applied to a household setting | Reuse Xilas; teach genuine individual faith within household conversion |
Chapter 17
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 17:24-25 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles (apologetic) | Paul, Athenian philosophers | Isaiah 42:5; Psalm 50:9-12 echoed; Genesis 1:1 (creation) | Parallels Romans 1:19-25 (knowledge of God through creation, suppressed by idolatry) | No new collision term |
| Acts 17:26 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | — | Background: Deuteronomy 32:8; Genesis 10-11 (table of nations, dispersal) | Parallels Romans 9-11’s providential handling of the nations | No new collision term |
| Acts 17:28 | (Apologetic method, not doctrine) | Paul; unnamed Greek poets (Epimenides; Aratus/Cleanthes) | Non-biblical citation — quotation of pagan Greek poetry (“we are his offspring”) | No Romans parallel (Romans never quotes pagan literature directly) | See Part 6 below — unique non-Scriptural citation category requiring distinct handling |
| Acts 17:31 | Lordship of Christ; Universal Human Accountability | Jesus (as appointed judge) | Background: Psalm 9:8; 96:13; 98:9 (God judges the world in righteousness) | Parallels Romans 2:16 (“God judges… through Christ Jesus”), Romans 14:10-12 | Reuse Salehlik root; note bridge-point with Islamic Qiyamət (Judgment Day) doctrine |
Chapter 18
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 18:9-10 | Providence; Persecution and Bold Witness | Paul, the Lord (in a vision) | Background: Isaiah 41:10; Jeremiah 1:8 (“Do not be afraid… I am with you”) | Parallels Romans 8:31 (“If God is for us, who can be against us?”) | No direct quotation; allusive reassurance formula |
Chapter 19
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 19:1-7 | Repentance and Baptism; Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Ephesian disciples, Apollos, Paul | No direct OT quotation; internal NT comparison (John’s baptism vs. Christian baptism) | No direct Romans parallel; parallels Romans 6:3-4’s fuller baptismal theology | See glossary entry distinguishing Yəhyanın vəftizi from Rəbb İsanın adı ilə vəftiz |
| Acts 19:13-19 | Apostolic Authority (counterfeit contrast) | Sons of Sceva, exorcists | Typological contrast: Exodus 7:11-12,22 (Egyptian magicians imitating, and failing to match, genuine divine power) | No direct Romans parallel | Reviewed; no new OT quotation beyond this allusion |
Chapter 20
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 20:28 | The Church as Community; Apostolic Authority | Elders/overseers at Ephesus | Background: Ezekiel 34; Jeremiah 23:1-4 (shepherd/flock imagery for covenant leaders) | Parallels Romans 12:6-8 (varieties of service within one body) | Reuse Ağsaqqal/Nəzarətçi consistently |
| Acts 20:35 | Mutual Edification (background) | Paul, quoting Jesus | Non-canonical dominical saying — “It is more blessed to give than to receive,” a saying of Jesus not recorded in any Gospel | No Romans parallel | See Part 6 below — an unrecorded (agraphon) saying of Jesus; handle as a reported saying, not a formal Scripture-citation formula |
Chapter 21
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 21:23-26 | Apostolic Authority (pastoral accommodation) | Paul, four men “under a vow” | Background: Numbers 6:1-21 (Nazirite vow regulations) | Parallels Romans 14:1-15:6 (accommodating scrupulous conscience without compromising the gospel) | Reuse Nəzir; sharply distinguish from Azerbaijani folk-religious shrine-votive practice per glossary caution |
Chapter 22
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 22:14 | Justification apart from the Law (title reuse); Deity of Christ | Ananias (of Damascus), Paul | Reuses “the Righteous One” title (cf. Acts 3:14, 7:52) | No direct Romans citation-overlap; title shares the Salehlik root central to Romans’s Justification doctrine | Consistency check against Acts 3:14 rendering |
Chapter 23
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:5 | Persecution and Bold Witness (civil conduct) | Paul, the high priest Ananias | Exodus 22:28 quoted directly (“You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people”) | Parallels Romans 13:1-7 (respect for governing authority) | Direct quotation; low doctrinal risk, useful cross-reference to Romans 13 |
| Acts 23:6-8 | Universal Human Accountability (background) | Pharisees, Sadducees | Background: general-resurrection doctrine dispute (no single OT verse; reflects Daniel 12:2) | No direct Romans parallel | Reuse Diriliş root for the general-resurrection sense; distinct from Christ’s specific resurrection |
Chapter 24
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 24:14 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Paul, Felix | ”Everything laid down by the Law and written in the Prophets” — a canonical-summary phrase, not a single quotation | Directly parallels Romans 3:21 (“the Law and the Prophets bear witness”) — same idiom | Reuse Qanun, Peyğəmbər exactly |
| Acts 24:15 | Universal Human Accountability | Paul, Felix | Background: Daniel 12:2 (“resurrection of the just and the unjust”) | Parallels Romans 2:6-11 (differentiated final outcomes for all people) | Reuse Salehlik/Diriliş roots |
| Acts 24:25 | Universal Human Accountability | Paul, Felix | No direct OT quotation; ethical-eschatological appeal | Parallels Romans 2:1-16 (moral accountability of all before God’s judgment) | Reuse Salehlik exactly |
Chapter 25
Reviewed — no Old Testament quotation or new typological pattern beyond the legal-appeal narrative (Roman citizenship rights, already logged under Acts 16 and Acts 22). No new cross-reference entries required.
Chapter 26
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 26:18 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Great Commission Fulfilled | Paul (commissioning words of Jesus reported) | Isaiah 42:6-7,16 echoed (“open eyes… turn from darkness to light”) | Parallels Romans 2:19 (light to the blind — used ironically of the Jew who fails to keep the law) and the broader Isaiah-light substructure of Romans 15:9-12 | Reuse light/darkness imagery from Acts 9, 13 consistently |
| Acts 26:23 | Resurrection of Christ; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Christ | Summary claim: Christ’s suffering and resurrection “first of the dead” fulfills Moses and the Prophets (reuses Psalm 16/Isaiah 53 substructure) | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 1:2-4 (gospel promised beforehand through the prophets, concerning the resurrection) | Reuse Diriliş exactly |
Chapter 27
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 27:21-25 | Providence; Persecution and Bold Witness | Paul, an angel, the ship’s company | Typological contrast: Jonah 1 (a prophet in a storm at sea) — Paul functions as an anti-Jonah, bringing a saving word rather than fleeing God’s call; echoes Psalm 107:23-30 (sailors in distress) | Parallels Romans 8:28 (God works all things, even a shipwreck, toward good purpose) | No direct OT quotation; typological contrast worth naming explicitly in teaching notes |
Chapter 28
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Romans Parallel | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 28:26-27 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Universal Human Accountability | Paul, Jewish leaders in Rome | Isaiah 6:9-10 quoted directly (“you will indeed hear but never understand…”) | Thematic parallel to Romans 11:8 (which quotes a related hardening motif from Deuteronomy 29:4/Isaiah 29:10) — same doctrine of partial, purposeful Jewish hardening, different specific OT source-text | Flag explicitly: this is the same doctrine (Israel’s partial hardening) as Romans 11, but a different OT citation; do not conflate the two quotations when cross-referencing |
| Acts 28:31 | Great Commission Fulfilled | Paul | No OT quotation; the book’s climactic closing statement | Parallels Romans 15:19-24 (Paul’s mission reaching from Jerusalem toward “the ends of the earth”) | Reuse Allahın Padşahlığı exactly; final glossary term Maneəsiz/əngəlsiz carries the book’s closing theological weight |
Part 2 — Messianic References Summary
| OT Text | Acts Occurrence(s) | Messianic Content | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psalm 2:7 | Acts 13:33 | Divine sonship declared | Underlies Romans 1:4’s declaration logic |
| Psalm 16:8-11 | Acts 2:25-28, 13:35 | Bodily preservation from decay → resurrection | Anchors the Critical Resurrection-of-Christ doctrine |
| Psalm 110:1 | Acts 2:34-35 | Messiah greater than David, seated at God’s right hand | Same text underlying Romans 8:34 |
| Psalm 118:22 | Acts 4:11 | Rejected stone becomes cornerstone | Distinct from but thematically parallel to Romans 9:33 (Isaiah 28:16) |
| Deuteronomy 18:15,18-19 | Acts 3:22-23; 7:37 | Prophet like Moses | Applied twice, verbatim consistency required |
| Isaiah 52:13-53:12 | Acts 3:13,26 (echoed); 8:32-33 (quoted directly) | Suffering Servant | Direct parallel to Romans 4:25 |
| Isaiah 55:3 | Acts 13:34 | Sure mercies/blessings of David | Ties resurrection to Davidic covenant |
| Isaiah 49:6 | Acts 13:47; 26:23 (echoed) | Light to the nations | Parallels Romans 15:9-12 catena |
| Amos 9:11-12 | Acts 15:16-17 | Restored “tent of David,” Gentile seeking | Parallels Romans 11’s remnant/inclusion argument |
| 2 Samuel 7:12-16 | Acts 2:30; 13:22-23 (background) | Eternal Davidic throne | Parallels Romans 1:3 |
Part 3 — Typological Patterns Summary
| Type | Antitype | Acts Reference(s) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moses (rejected deliverer, then vindicated) | Christ (rejected, crucified, then vindicated) | Acts 7:17-39 | Explicit in Stephen’s own argument (7:35,39) |
| Joseph (rejected by brothers, later their savior) | Christ | Acts 7:9-16 | Implicit; useful teaching bridge |
| Babel (languages confused, nations scattered) | Pentecost (languages given, nations gathered) | Acts 2:5-11 | Explicit reversal typology worth naming |
| Passover/Exodus household deliverance | Household salvation (jailer, Cornelius, Lydia) | Acts 10, 16 | Collectivist-household resonance with Azerbaijani culture |
| Elijah’s ascension (no death) | Christ’s ascension (after real death and resurrection) | Acts 1:9-11 | Contrast, not equivalence — guards against no-death readings |
| Jonah (fleeing prophet, storm, near-destruction) | Paul (faithful witness, storm, deliverance for all aboard) | Acts 27 | Contrast typology |
| Daniel/Nebuchadnezzar (proud king struck down) | Herod Agrippa I | Acts 12:20-23 | Judgment-pattern typology |
Part 4 — Cross-Curriculum Parallels: Acts and Romans (Highlights)
| Shared Element | Acts Reference | Romans Reference | Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joel 2:32 salvation-confession quotation | Acts 2:21 | Romans 10:13 | Verbatim shared OT quotation — see Part 5 rendering rule |
| Habakkuk (same prophetic book, different verses) | Acts 13:41 (Hab 1:5) | Romans 1:17 (Hab 2:4) | Same book, distinct doctrinal use — note but do not conflate |
| Davidic covenant / seed of David | Acts 2:29-30; 13:22-23,34 | Romans 1:3 | Same covenant-fulfillment logic |
| Psalm 2:7 sonship declaration | Acts 13:33 | Romans 1:4 (background) | Same declaration-of-sonship substructure |
| Isaiah 53 Suffering Servant | Acts 8:32-33 | Romans 4:25 | Same atonement substructure |
| ”Stone” Christology (different OT sources) | Acts 4:11 (Psalm 118:22) | Romans 9:33 (Isaiah 28:16/8:14) | Same image, different citation — flag distinction |
| Deuteronomy 10:17 impartiality | Acts 10:34-35 | Romans 2:11 | Same principle, closely related wording |
| Israel’s hardening | Acts 28:26-27 (Isaiah 6:9-10) | Romans 11:8 (Deuteronomy 29:4/Isaiah 29:10) | Same doctrine, different citation — flag distinction |
| Amos 9 remnant/Gentile inclusion | Acts 15:16-17 | Romans 11:1-32 (olive tree, remnant) | Same doctrinal cluster |
| Justification apart from the Law | Acts 13:38-39 | Romans 3:20-28 | Same core doctrine, both Critical risk |
| ”Law and Prophets” idiom | Acts 24:14 | Romans 3:21 | Identical canonical-summary phrase |
| Government/authority | Acts 23:5 (Exodus 22:28) | Romans 13:1-7 | Complementary teaching on respecting rulers |
Part 5 — Rendering-Consistency Rules for Shared Quotations
- Joel 2:32 (Acts 2:21 / Romans 10:13): The Azerbaijani rendering of “Rəbbin adını çağıran hər kəs xilas olacaq” MUST be identical in both curricula’s translated materials, word for word. Reuse Rəbb and Xilas exactly per baseline; preserve unqualified “hər kəs” (everyone/whoever).
- Habakkuk citations (Acts 13:41 / Romans 1:17): Different verses from the same prophetic book (Habaqquq, per IBT book-name convention). Do not render as though they are the same citation; each must carry its own verse reference, but teaching material may note the shared prophetic source.
- “Stone” texts (Acts 4:11 / Romans 9:33): Psalm 118:22 and Isaiah 28:16/8:14 are textually distinct OT passages sharing a Christological “stone” image. Cite each by its own reference; never merge them into a single footnote citation.
- Israel’s hardening (Acts 28:26-27 / Romans 11:8): Isaiah 6:9-10 and Deuteronomy 29:4/Isaiah 29:10 are textually distinct. Preserve distinct citations while noting the shared doctrine (partial, purposeful hardening) in teaching material.
- Davidic covenant and sonship texts (Acts 2:29-30, 13:22-23,33-34 / Romans 1:3-4): All must reuse the exact baseline terms Davud, Davudun nəslindən, Allahın Oğlu, Diriliş with zero deviation, since these Acts passages function as the narrative demonstration of the doctrinal claims Romans states propositionally.
- “Law and Prophets” idiom (Acts 24:14 / Romans 3:21): Render identically as an established Azerbaijani Bible-idiom (“Qanun və Peyğəmbərlər”) in both curricula.
- Any future Phase 2 segment translating one of the above Acts passages must query whether the parallel Romans passage has already been translated in this project; if so, the Acts rendering of the shared element must match it exactly, and any discrepancy must be flagged for theologian review before either segment is marked complete.
Part 6 — Non-Old-Testament Citations Requiring Special Handling
| Reference | Source | Content | Handling Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 17:28 | Epimenides of Crete; Aratus/Cleanthes (Greek Stoic poets) | “In him we live and move and have our being”; “we are his offspring” | Not Scripture. Paul quotes pagan Greek literature as a rhetorical bridge to his monotheistic argument, not as authoritative revelation. Translate plainly as a quoted saying; teaching notes must clarify this is an apologetic device, not a claim that pagan poetry is inspired, to avoid confusion with the Qur’anic concept of pre-Islamic “hanif” wisdom-sayings sometimes invoked in comparative religious discussion. |
| Acts 20:35 | Reported saying of Jesus, otherwise unrecorded in the four Gospels (an “agraphon”) | “It is more blessed to give than to receive” | Treat as a genuine reported saying of Jesus (Paul explicitly attributes it to “the Lord Jesus himself”), but note in teaching material that it is not found in the canonical Gospels — a minor point of textual-transmission interest, not a doctrinal risk, but worth flagging so translators do not search for and fail to find a Gospel source reference. |
Summary
All 28 chapters of Acts have been reviewed for Old Testament quotation, allusion, messianic reference, and typological pattern, plus two non-OT citations requiring distinct handling. Chapter 25 introduces no new cross-reference material beyond what is already logged in Acts 16 and 22. Every direct OT quotation shared conceptually or textually with the Romans baseline package has been flagged in Part 4-5 with explicit rendering-consistency rules for Phase 2 enforcement.