Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation 1–22
Destination Language: Azerbaijani
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Revelation, chapters 1–22, with the core passage (21:1–8) integrated. Terms marked [Baseline] are already recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be reused with their exact recorded rendering; no new risk assessment is offered for these beyond noting reuse. Terms marked [New] are proposed here for the first time and require formal addition to translation memory in Phase 1 Step 2.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical = human theologian review required for every occurrence; High = human theologian review required; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
Table 1 — Christological Titles and Divine Names
| Term (English) | Greek | Azerbaijani | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God [Baseline] | θεός | Allah | ahl-LAHKH | Critical | 1–22 (throughout) | Reuse exactly. |
| Jesus [Baseline] | Ἰησοῦς | İsa | ee-SAH | Critical | 1, 12, 17, 19, 22 | Always paired İsa Məsih in doctrinal contexts. |
| Christ/Messiah [Baseline] | Χριστός | Məsih | mah-SEEKH | Critical | 1, 11, 12, 20 | Reuse exactly. |
| Lord [Baseline] | κύριος | Rəbb | RAHBB | Critical | 1, 11, 17, 19 | Never Ağa. |
| Holy Spirit [Baseline] | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Müqəddəs Ruh | myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH | Critical | 1–3, 14, 22 | Reuse exactly; see “Seven Spirits” below for symbolic extension. |
| Father [Baseline] | πατήρ | Ata | ah-TAH | Critical | 1, 21 | See adoption/sonship notes. |
| Lamb [New] | ἀρνίον | Quzu | koo-ZOO | Critical | 5–7, 12–15, 17, 19, 21–22 | Central Christological title; worshiped equally with God (5:13-14). Never present as merely symbolic/honorific. |
| Son of Man [New] | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου | İnsan Oğlu | een-SAHN oh-loo | Critical | 1, 14 | Danielic title combined with theophany imagery (1:12-16); do not under-read as merely-human. |
| Almighty [New] | παντοκράτωρ | Hər şeyə Qadir (Olan) | hair sheh-YAH kah-DEER | Medium | 1, 4, 15–16, 19, 21 | Genuine overlap with Islamic al-Qadir; anchor to Triune God, not free-floating attribute. |
| Alpha and Omega [New] | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ | Əlfa və Omeqa (Əvvəl və Axır) | uhl-FAH vah oh-may-GAH | Critical | 1, 21, 22 | Applied to both Father and Son — a direct deity-of-Christ claim; flag every occurrence. |
| Faithful and True [New] | πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός | Sadiq və Haqq | sah-DEEK vah HAHKH | Medium | 3, 19, 21 | ”Haqq” resonance with Islamic al-Haqq is a positive teaching point, not a separate divine name. |
| Word of God (Christological title) [New] | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | Allahın Kəlamı | ahl-lah-HUHN kah-lah-MUH | Critical | 19 | Distinguish sharply from the Qur’anic “Word from Allah” honorific (Q. 4:171), which denies deity; here it asserts full deity. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords [New] | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | Padşahların Padşahı və Rəbblərin Rəbbi | pahd-shah-lah-RUHN pahd-shah-HUH | Critical | 19 | Must use Rəbb, never Ağa; grounds Return and Reign of Christ doctrine. |
| Morning Star [New] | ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | Səhər ulduzu | sah-HAIR ool-doo-ZOO | Medium | 2, 22 | Christological self-title and shared overcomer’s reward; keep consistent across both occurrences. |
| Key of David [New] | κλεὶς Δαυίδ | Davudun açarı | dah-voo-DOON ah-chah-RUH | Medium | 3 | Ties to baseline Davidic Covenant doctrine. |
Table 2 — Salvation, Faith, and Perseverance
| Term (English) | Greek | Azerbaijani | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvation [Baseline] | σωτηρία | Xilas | khee-LAHS | Critical | 7, 12, 19 | Reuse exactly. |
| Grace [Baseline] | χάρις | Lütf | LYUTF | High | 1, 22 | Reuse exactly; see “freely/without payment” below. |
| Faith [Baseline] | πίστις | İman | ee-MAHN | High | 2, 13–14 | See “unbelieving” (İmansızlar) below for negated form. |
| Holy [Baseline] | ἅγιος | Müqəddəs | myoo-kad-DASS | High | 4, 21–22 | Reuse exactly (trisagion, holy city, holy ones). |
| Saints [Baseline] | ἅγιοι | Müqəddəslər | myoo-kad-dass-LAIR | High | 5, 8, 11, 13–14, 16–18, 20 | Reuse exactly; corporate, not an elite class. |
| Resurrection [Baseline] | ἀνάστασις | Diriliş | dee-ree-LEESH | Critical | 20 | Reuse exactly; “first resurrection” requires real prior death, as in baseline. |
| Overcomer / to overcome [New] | νικάω | Qalib gələn / Qələbə çalan | kah-LEEB gah-lahn | High | 2–3, 5, 12, 15, 17, 21 | Victory derived from union with Christ, not autonomous heroism; avoid jihad-adjacent struggle framing. |
| Tribulation/Affliction [New] | θλῖψις | Sıxıntı | suh-kuhn-TUH | High | 1–2, 7 | Prefer over əzab (punishment-associated). |
| Patient Endurance [New] | ὑπομονή | Dözüm | duh-ZEWM | High | 1–3, 13–14 | Prefer over səbir (fatalistic-submission association per baseline providence/election notes). |
| Witness / Martyr [New] | μάρτυς / μαρτυρία | Şahid / Şahidlik | shah-HEED | Critical | 1–2, 6, 11, 17, 19–20 | Highest-friction term in the book; sharply distinguish from Shia şəhid/Karbala martyrdom-intercession theology. |
| Repent [New] | μετανοέω | Tövbə etmək | tuv-BAH et-MAKH | High | 2–3, 9, 16 | Teach as restoration within grace already secured, not merit-restoring ritual tövbə. |
| Unbelieving [New] | ἄπιστοι | İmansızlar | ee-mahn-suhz-LAHR | High | 21 | Built on İman root; signals lack of trust in Christ specifically, not generic non-religiosity. |
| Purchased/Redeemed by Blood [New] | ἀγοράζω (+ ἐν τῷ αἵματι) | Qanla satın alınmış | kahn-LAH sah-tuhn ah-luhn-MUSH | Critical | 5, 14 | New atonement term; universal scope (every tribe/tongue/people/nation). |
| Book of Life [New] | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | Həyat kitabı | hah-YAHT kee-tah-BUH | Critical | 3, 13, 20–21 | Grace-based, union-with-the-Lamb basis, not a separate deeds-ledger. |
| Freely / Without Payment [New] | δωρεάν | Pulsuz / Hədiyyə olaraq | pool-SOOZ | High | 21–22 | Same root as Romans 3:24 “justified freely”; preserve grace-not-merit contrast. |
| Inherit [New] | κληρονομέω | İrs almaq / Varis olmaq | eersh ahl-MAHK | High | 21 | Extends baseline Adoption doctrine’s inheritance-rights framing. |
Table 3 — Sovereignty, Judgment, and Eschatology
| Term (English) | Greek | Azerbaijani | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Throne [New] | θρόνος | Taxt | TAHKHT | Medium | 1, 4–5, 20–22 | Pair consistently with Allah/Quzu to keep referent unambiguous. |
| Seven Spirits [New] | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | Yeddi Ruh | yed-DEE ROOKH | High | 1, 4–5 | Teach as fullness of the one Müqəddəs Ruh, not seven separate beings. |
| The Beast [New] | θηρίον | Vəhşi heyvan | vah-SHEE hai-VAHN | Critical | 11, 13, 15–17, 19–20 | Central Antichrist-figure; distinguish clearly from Islamic Dajjal narrative and Mahdi-return sequence. |
| False Prophet [New] | ψευδοπροφήτης | Yalançı peyğəmbər | yah-lahn-CHUH pay-gam-BAIR | Critical | 13, 16, 19–20 | Bound narrowly to this specific end-times deceiver figure; do not generalize onto the category of prophethood. |
| Mark (of the Beast) [New] | χάραγμα | Damğa | dahm-GHAH | Critical | 13–14, 16, 19–20 | Counter-image to the sealing of the redeemed (ch. 7); Dajjal-adjacent folk-eschatology risk. |
| Number of the Beast (666) [New] | ἑξήκοντα ἓξ | Altı yüz altmış altı (666) | ahl-TUH yewz alt-MUSH ahl-TUH | Critical | 13 | Teach as historically-anchored symbolic numerology; guard against speculative contemporary identification. |
| Dragon [New] | δράκων | Əjdaha | ahzh-dah-HAH | High | 12, 20 | Explicitly = Satan; guard against ambivalent Turkic/Azerbaijani folkloric dragon associations. |
| Ancient Serpent [New] | ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος | Qədim ilan | kah-DEEM ee-LAHN | Medium | 12, 20 | Ties Revelation’s conflict to Genesis 3. |
| Satan [New] | Σατανᾶς | Şeytan | shay-TAHN | Medium | 2–3, 12, 20 | Shared Islamic vocabulary; note differing narrative arcs (defeat-and-judgment focus in Revelation). |
| Devil [New] | διάβολος | İblis | eeb-LEES | Medium | 12, 20 | Shared Qur’anic term; narrative differs (pride/Adam-refusal vs. cosmic-war/final-defeat). |
| Abyss / Bottomless Pit [New] | ἄβυσσος | Dibsiz quyu | deeb-SEEZ koo-YOO | Medium | 9, 11, 17, 20 | Distinct from Hades (intermediate state) and lake of fire (final judgment) — three distinct terms. |
| Hades [New] | ᾍδης | Ölülər diyarı | uh-lyoo-LAIR dee-yah-RUH | Medium | 1, 6, 20 | Intermediate state of the dead, not final judgment; do not conflate with lake of fire. |
| Great White Throne [New] | ὁ θρόνος ὁ λευκὸς ὁ μέγας | Böyük ağ taxt | buh-YEWK ahgh TAHKHT | Critical | 20 | Central Judgment-of-the-Wicked image; note parallel/contrast with Islamic Qiyamət scene. |
| Lake of Fire [New] | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | Od gölü | ohd guh-LEW | Critical | 19–21 | Do NOT substitute Cəhənnəm as primary rendering (differing doctrinal architecture); use only as explanatory gloss. |
| Second Death [New] | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | İkinci ölüm | ee-keen-JEE uh-LEWM | Critical | 2, 20–21 | No Islamic eschatological parallel; teach as distinct technical term. |
| Millennium (Thousand Years) [New] | χίλια ἔτη | Min il | MEEN eel | High | 20 | Present interpretive range accurately without prematurely resolving debate; affirm certain final outcome. |
| Armageddon [New] | Ἁρμαγεδών | Har-Magedon | hahr-mah-geh-DOHN | High | 16 | Guard against literal-geopolitical mapping onto contemporary Middle East or Islamic battle traditions. |
| Wrath (of God/the Lamb) [New] | ὀργή / θυμός | Qəzəb | kah-ZAHB | High | 6, 14, 16, 19 | Consistent rendering required across all wrath occurrences; distinct from baseline’s “power_of_god” (qüdrət). |
| Providence/Sovereignty over history [Baseline concept, extended] | — (thematic, cf. παντοκράτωρ) | Allahın tədbiri / Hər şeyə Qadir | ahl-lah-HUHN tad-bee-REE | High | 1, 4–5, 15–16, 19, 21 | Reuse baseline providence rendering where narrative-purpose sense is in view; pair with Almighty for attribute sense. |
Table 4 — Church, Worship, and Symbolic Figures
| Term (English) | Greek | Azerbaijani | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Church [Baseline] | ἐκκλησία | Kilsə | keel-SAY | Medium | 1–3 | Reuse exactly (seven churches). |
| Nations/Gentiles [Baseline] | ἔθνη | Millətlər | mil-lat-LAIR | Medium | 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17–18, 20–22 | Reuse exactly; universal-scope doctrine. |
| Glory [Baseline] | δόξα | Ehtişam | eh-htee-SHAHM | High | 1, 4–5, 7, 11, 15, 18–19, 21 | Reuse exactly; avoid nur. |
| Prophet [Baseline] | προφήτης | Peyğəmbər | pay-gam-BAIR | High | 10–11, 16, 18, 22 | Reuse exactly; see False Prophet entry for negated compound. |
| Prophecy [Baseline] | προφητεία | Peyğəmbərlik sözü | pay-gam-bair-LEEK suh-ZEW | Medium | 1, 19, 22 | Reuse exactly (“words of this prophecy”). |
| Elders (24 elders) [New] | πρεσβύτερος | Ağsaqqal | agh-sahk-KAHL | Medium | 4–5, 7, 11, 14, 19 | Positive Azerbaijani civic-term fit; clarify heavenly worship-leader role. |
| Living Creatures [New] | ζῷα | Canlı məxluqlar | jahn-LUH makh-look-LAHR | Medium | 4–5, 6–7, 14–15, 19 | Cherubim-like throne attendants; distinguish from angels and from folk animal-spirit imagery. |
| Worship / Prostrate [New] | προσκυνέω / πίπτω | Səcdə etmək / İbadət etmək | sadj-DAH et-MAHK | Critical | 4–5, 7, 9, 11, 13–15, 19, 22 | Deliberately extends the exclusive-to-Allah prostration posture to the Lamb; the text’s own point, not to be softened. |
| Bride [New] | νύμφη | Gəlin | gah-LEEN | High | 19, 21 | Non-literal, corporate-covenantal imagery; no natural Islamic devotional parallel. |
| Marriage/Wedding of the Lamb [New] | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | Quzunun toyu | koo-zoo-NOON toy-OO | Critical | 19 | Consummation of Church-as-Bride doctrine. |
| Great Prostitute / Harlot [New] | πόρνη | Fahişə | fah-hee-SHAH | High | 17, 19 | Symbol of idolatrous system, not literal commentary on women/sexuality — state this immediately in teaching material. |
| Babylon the Great [New] | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Böyük Babil | buh-YEWK bah-BEEL | High | 14, 16–18 | Distinguish from literal historical Babylon (modern Iraq). |
| Two Witnesses [New] | δύο μάρτυρες | İki şahid | ee-KEE shah-HEED | Critical | 11 | Same şahid-family risk as general Witness/Martyr entry. |
| Lament / Dirge [New] | θρῆνος | Ağı | ah-GHUH | High | 18 | Prefer over mərsiyə (reserved Shia Karbala-lament genre); record mərsiyə as forbidden substitution. |
| Seal (noun/verb) [New] | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω | Möhür / Möhürlənmək | muh-HEWR | Medium | 5–9 | Keep the sealing-of-the-redeemed sense visually/lexically distinct from the mark of the beast. |
| Trumpet [New] | σάλπιγξ | Şeypur | shay-POOR | Low | 8–9, 11 | Plain apocalyptic vocabulary. |
| Bowl [New] | φιάλη | Nimçə | neem-CHAH | Low | 15–17 | Plain apocalyptic vocabulary. |
| Scroll [New] | βιβλίον / βιβλαρίδιον | Tumar / Kiçik tumar | too-MAHR | Low | 5–6, 10 | Prefer “tumar” for precision; gloss with “kitab” if unfamiliar. |
Table 5 — New Creation and Consummation
| Term (English) | Greek | Azerbaijani | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Heaven and New Earth [New] | καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ | Yeni göy və yeni yer | yeh-NEE gyuh vah yeh-NEE yair | High | 21 | Renewal/continuity emphasis vs. Islamic destroy-and-replace Qiyamət framing. |
| New Jerusalem [New] | Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | Yeni Yerusəlim | yeh-NEE yeh-roo-sah-LEEM | Medium | 3, 21 | Distinguish from modern geopolitical Jerusalem/Israel. |
| Dwelling of God (Tabernacle) [New] | σκηνή / σκηνόω | Allahın məskəni / məskən salmaq | ahl-lah-HUHN mas-kah-NEE | Critical | 21 | Direct extension of baseline Incarnation doctrine’s permanent-presence claim. |
| Paradise [New] | παράδεισος | Cənnət | jan-NAT | High | 2, (cf. 22 tree of life) | Retain established word; require explicit basis-of-entry teaching note (grace/Lamb, not deeds-ledger). |
| Tree of Life [New] | ξύλον ζωῆς | Həyat ağacı | hah-YAHT ah-ghah-JUH | Medium | 2, 22 | Edenic restoration; coordinate with Paradise entry. |
| River of the Water of Life [New] | ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς | Həyat suyu çayı | hah-YAHT soo-YOO chah-YUH | Medium | 22 | Consistent with “spring of the water of life” (21:6). |
| Spring of the Water of Life [New] | πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς | Həyat suyunun bulağı | hah-YAHT soo-yoo-NOON boo-lah-UH | High | 21 | Preserve grace-not-payment contrast (δωρεάν). |
| Curse (removed) [New] | κατάρα | Lənət | lah-NAT | Low | 22 | Reversal of Genesis 3. |
| It Is Done [New] | Γέγονεν | Tamamlandı / Bu, olub qurtardı | tah-mahm-lahn-DUH | Medium | 21 | Preserve perfect-tense settled-fact force. |
| I Make All Things New [New] | καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα | Hər şeyi yeni edirəm | hair sheh-YEE yeh-NEE eh-dee-RAHM | Medium | 21 | Preserve first-person divine speech-act, not third-person description. |
| Coming Soon [New] | ἔρχομαι ταχύ | Tezliklə gəlirəm | tez-leek-LAH gah-lee-RAHM | Critical | 22 | Grounds Return of Christ imminence; distinguish from awaited-Mahdi framing. |
| Adding/Removing Words of Prophecy [New] | προστίθημι / ἀφαιρέω | Əlavə etmək / Çıxarmaq | ah-lah-VAH et-MAHK | Medium | 22 | Frame as internal canonical-integrity warning, not general tahrif-debate apologetic. |
| Son (of God’s family, believer’s status) [Baseline concept extended] | υἱός | Oğul | oh-OOL | Critical | 21 | Same literal-offspring caution as baseline “father”/“adoption” entries. |
Glossary Governance Notes
- All [Baseline] terms above are locked to the exact Azerbaijani rendering already present in the Romans
translation_memory.json; this glossary does not re-derive or vary them. - All [New] terms must be formally added to
translation_memory.jsonin Phase 1 Step 2, with version increment, before any Phase 2 segment translation of Revelation begins. - Forbidden substitutions identified in this analysis (to be added to the Revelation-specific forbidden list, parallel to the baseline’s forbidden list): şəfaət/təvəssül for Christ’s intercession (already forbidden in baseline, reconfirmed here for Rev 8:3-4); mərsiyə for the merchants’ lament of Babylon (ch. 18); cəhənnəm as primary (not glossed) rendering of “lake of fire”; səbir as primary rendering of ὑπομονή (endurance); göyə qaldırılma or any no-death framing anywhere resurrection language recurs (chs. 1, 20 — reconfirming the baseline rule).
- Highest-density Critical-risk clusters requiring concentrated theologian review in Phase 2: the Lamb/worship-of-the-Lamb complex (chs. 5, 7, 22), the witness/martyr complex (chs. 1–2, 6, 11), the beast/mark/666 complex (chs. 11, 13), and the judgment/second-death/lake-of-fire complex (ch. 20 and 21:8).
End of Core Glossary. See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter analysis supporting every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Salehlik
Transliteration: sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: saleh əməllər (righteous deeds, as the ground itself)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Must be coordinated carefully with the new ‘righteous_deeds_of_the_saints’ entry (19:8) so that verse is never used to reintroduce a deeds-ledger reading of this Critical baseline term.
Justification
Approved rendering: Saleh sayılma
Transliteration: sah-LEHKH sah-yuhl-MAH
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: günahların bağışlanması (forgiveness of sins, alone)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Underlies the Grace-Based Assurance and Book of Life doctrine: inclusion in the Lamb’s book of life is this same forensic declaration, not a separate deeds record.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Xilas
Transliteration: khee-LAHS
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: nicat (Imamate-intercession-adjacent), cənnətə girmək (entering paradise)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Note the worship-context application unique to Revelation: shouted as praise by the redeemed multitude (7:10; also 12:10; 19:1), reinforcing its present-tense, secured character.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Diriliş
Transliteration: dee-ree-LEESH
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: göyə qaldırılma (no-death ascension)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Revelation 20:4-6 introduces a unique ‘first resurrection’ structure; never substitute a no-death-ascension framing anywhere it recurs (chs. 1, 20).
Lord
Approved rendering: Rəbb
Transliteration: RAHBB
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ağa (master, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Central to the book’s clearest exclusive-sovereignty titles: ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (17:14; 19:16). Never substitute ağa.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Oğlu
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN oh-loo
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allahın sevimli qulu (God’s beloved servant)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Its sole Revelation occurrence is Christ’s own self-designation in the letter to Thyatira (2:18); must retain the same full deity-claim weight as in Romans.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Bədən alma
Transliteration: bah-DAN ahl-MAH
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Allahın insan qiyafəsinə girməsi (disguise)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Directly extended by the new ‘dwelling_of_god_tabernacle’ entry below (21:3, 22) — God’s permanent, bodily-adjacent nearness fulfilling the Incarnation doctrine.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Məsih
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: sadəcə bir peyğəmbər (merely a prophet)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 1:1-2, 5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4, 6; every occurrence must carry full Davidic-covenant, reigning-King content, never a bare Qur’anic-honorific reading.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Vasitəçilik
Transliteration: vah-see-tah-chee-LEEK
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: şəfaət (Shia Imam intercession), təvəssül (mediated access through a saint/Imam)
Original: — (thematic; cf. αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων, 8:3-4)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Revelation 5:8 and 8:3-4 picture ordinary believers’ prayers rising as incense directly before God’s throne with no priestly-intercessor mediating class — a direct, useful counterpoint to şəfaət/təvəssül.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peyğəmbər’ without Məsih
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Always paired İsa Məsih in doctrinally significant references (1:1, 5; 17:14; 19:16; 22:16).
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı (Turkish convention), Yehova (JW New World Translation divine-name reinsertion)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Continuous throughout all 22 chapters. Never reintroduce ‘Yehova’ anywhere in Revelation material, per the Section 4 cult/sect finding in 05_translation_landscape.md.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs Ruh
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Cəbrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Speaks to the churches (2:7, etc.) and inspires John’s vision (1:10; 4:2; 21:10). See ‘seven_spirits’ below for the symbolic-fullness extension unique to Revelation — never a heptad of separate beings.
Father
Approved rendering: Ata
Transliteration: ah-TAH
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Yaradan (Creator, as substitute)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Underlies the overcomer’s inheritance and sonship (21:7; also 1:6; 3:5; 3:21; 14:1). Coordinate with ‘son_believer_sonship’ below — the same literal-offspring caution applies.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: Hesaba alınan salehlik
Transliteration: heh-sah-BAH ah-luh-NAHN sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: qazanılmış salehlik (earned righteousness)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Coordinate carefully with the new ‘righteous_deeds_of_the_saints’ entry (19:8) so that verse’s dikaiōmata never re-grounds justification in deeds.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Quzu
Transliteration: koo-ZOO
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: qurbanlıq heyvan (mere sacrificial animal, strips the Christological title)
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
New term. The central Christological title of Revelation (28 occurrences). A created-order sacrificial animal-image is here the explicit object of divine worship (5:13-14; 7:10), the sharpest Worship-of-the-Lamb collision with tawhid in the book. Never soften to a merely symbolic or honorary reading. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: İnsan Oğlu
Transliteration: een-SAHN oh-loo
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Apocalyptic Titles
Rejected alternatives: sadəcə insan (merely a man, under-reads the theophany)
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New term. Danielic title (Daniel 7:13) applied to the glorified Christ (1:12-16), combining full humanity with theophany-level divine glory. Risk is under-reading, not over-reading: Islamic theology already affirms Jesus’ humanity, so readers may miss the accompanying divine-glory imagery (white hair, eyes of fire) that is the verse’s actual point.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Əlfa və Omeqa (Əvvəl və Axır)
Transliteration: uhl-FAH vah oh-may-GAH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Apocalyptic Titles
Rejected alternatives: Allahdan verilmiş bir titul (a title merely conferred by God, implies derived rather than shared identity)
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: Christology
New term. Title of total, eternal comprehensiveness applied interchangeably to the Father (1:8; 21:6) and to Christ (22:13) — one of the strongest implicit deity-of-Christ claims in the book. Never render as if Christ received the title from God rather than possessing it as his own eternal identity. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: Allahın Kəlamı
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN kah-lah-MUH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Apocalyptic Titles
Rejected alternatives: Allahdan bir söz (a word from Allah, the Qur’anic honorific sense that denies deity)
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. Christological title of the returning rider on the white horse (19:13). The Qur’an calls Isa ‘a Word from Allah’ (Q. 4:171) while explicitly denying his deity; this shared vocabulary must be taught as asserting Christ’s full, personal, eternal deity, categorically beyond and against the Qur’anic honorific sense. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Padşahların Padşahı və Rəbblərin Rəbbi
Transliteration: pahd-shah-lah-RUHN pahd-shah-HUH vah RAHBB-lair-in RAHBB-ee
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Ağaların Ağası (using ağa, a merely human-master term)
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
New term. The most explicit exclusive-sovereignty title applied to Christ (17:14; 19:16). Must always use Rəbb, never ağa. Flag for theologian review at both occurrences.
Son Believer Sonship
Approved rendering: Oğul
Transliteration: oh-OOL
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance of Overcomers
Rejected alternatives: övlad (child, softer but still requires the same caution)
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
New term. The overcomer’s future filial standing before God (‘he will be my son,’ 21:7), distinct from Christ’s own unique Sonship (Allahın Oğlu). Calling believers God’s ‘son/oğul’ risks being heard as a literal-offspring claim forbidden by tawhid; must be taught explicitly as adoptive, relational, non-biological sonship every time it recurs.
Purchased Redeemed By Blood
Approved rendering: Qanla satın alınmış
Transliteration: kahn-LAH sah-tuhn ah-luhn-MUSH
Doctrine: Redemption by the Blood of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: qurtarılmış (delivered, too generic, loses the purchase-image)
Original: ἀγοράζω (ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου)
Category: Salvation
New term. Christ’s purchase/ransom of people ‘from every tribe and language and people and nation’ by his own blood (5:9; also 14:3-4). Parallel in doctrinal weight to baseline justification/imputed-righteousness entries; must preserve both the atoning-blood mechanism and its universal reach.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: Həyat kitabı
Transliteration: hah-YAHT kee-tah-BUH
Doctrine: Grace-Based Assurance and the Book of Life
Rejected alternatives: əməllər dəftəri (deeds ledger, exactly the framework this term must NOT imply)
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
New term. The register of the redeemed, tied to union with the Lamb (‘the Lamb’s book of life,’ 13:8), not a separate deeds-ledger; determines inclusion in the New Jerusalem (3:5; 20:12, 15; 21:27). Must be taught in coordination with baseline Justification/Imputed Righteousness doctrines as a direct counterpoint to the Islamic Judgment-Day scales/records framework.
Witness Martyr
Approved rendering: Şahid / şahidlik
Transliteration: shah-HEED
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Testimony unto Death
Rejected alternatives: şəhid (Shia Karbala/Ashura martyrdom-devotion term — forbidden)
Original: μάρτυς / μαρτυρία
Category: Faith
New term. The single highest-friction term-cluster in the whole curriculum (1:2, 5, 9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3, 7; 12:11, 17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4). Şəhid is one of the most theologically and emotionally loaded words in Shia Azerbaijani religious culture (Karbala/Imam Hussein devotion, Ashura mourning). Must be taught as testimony to Christ’s own finished, sufficient work, sharply distinguished from any suggestion that the witness’s own suffering adds intercessory merit.
Righteous Deeds Of The Saints
Approved rendering: Müqəddəslərin saleh əməlləri
Transliteration: myoo-kad-dass-lair-EEN sah-leh-AH-mal-lair-EE
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness of God’s People
Original: τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Salvation
New term. The ‘righteous acts/deeds of the saints’ (τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων, a distinct Greek word from dikaiosynē) pictured as the Bride’s fine linen (19:8). This is the ONE legitimate use in the whole curriculum of ‘saleh əməllər’-adjacent vocabulary — teach strictly as the visible fruit of grace-given sanctification worn by an already-justified Bride, never as the ground of justification. Flag for theologian review to guard this distinction explicitly.
Worship Prostrate
Approved rendering: Səcdə etmək / ibadət etmək
Transliteration: sadj-DAH et-MAHK
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: hörmət etmək (show respect — forbidden softening)
Original: προσκυνέω / πίπτω
Category: Church
New term. To worship/fall prostrate (προσκυνέω/πίπτω), extended by the text itself both to God and to the Lamb (5:14; 7:11), while explicitly forbidden toward angels (19:10; 22:8-9). Səcdə names precisely the prostration posture reserved exclusively for Allah in namaz. This is the text’s own deliberate claim, not a mistranslation risk to be softened. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: Quzunun toyu
Transliteration: koo-zoo-NOON toy-OO
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New term. The consummation of the Church-as-Bride-of-Christ doctrine (19:7, 9). Requires the same careful non-literal, corporate-covenantal framing as ‘bride,’ intensified since this is the metaphor’s culminating scene.
Beast
Approved rendering: Vəhşi heyvan
Transliteration: vah-SHEE hai-VAHN
Doctrine: The Antichrist Beast and False Prophet
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment
New term. The central Antichrist-figure (11:7; 13:1, 11; 15-17; 19-20). Strong structural parallels to the Dajjal (Deceiver/Antichrist) of Islamic eschatology and the Mahdi-return sequence. Teaching material must distinguish Revelation’s beast — defeated by Christ’s own return — from the Dajjal narrative. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: Yalançı peyğəmbər
Transliteration: yah-lahn-CHUH pay-gam-BAIR
Doctrine: The Antichrist Beast and False Prophet
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
New term. The second beast (13:11), named ‘the false prophet’ retroactively (16:13; 19:20; 20:10). Built on baseline’s Peyğəmbər; must be bounded narrowly to this specific end-times deceiver figure and never generalized onto the sacred Islamic category of prophethood itself.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: Damğa
Transliteration: dahm-GHAH
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast versus Seal of God
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
New term. The mark required by the beast’s system for participation in its economy and worship (13:16-17; 14:9, 11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). Direct visual/conceptual counterpart to the sealing of the redeemed; flag for collision potential with Dajjal-mark folk-eschatology.
Number Of The Beast 666
Approved rendering: Altı yüz altmış altı (666)
Transliteration: ahl-TUH yewz alt-MUSH ahl-TUH
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑξήκοντα ἓξ (χξϛ)
Category: Judgment
New term. The gematria-based number of the beast (13:18), the single most culturally ‘famous’ apocalyptic detail in the book. Teach as symbolic numerology tied to a specific historical figure/power, not a puzzle inviting contemporary or Dajjal-identification speculation.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: Böyük ağ taxt
Transliteration: buh-YEWK ahgh TAHKHT
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: Qiyamət səhnəsi (borrowing the Islamic Judgment-Day scene name — forbidden as a translation term)
Original: ὁ θρόνος ὁ λευκὸς ὁ μέγας
Category: Judgment
New term. The central image of final, universal, individual judgment (20:11-15). Comparable in visual weight, though not in content, to the Islamic Qiyamət scene; the deciding role of the grace-based Book of Life must be explicit, never a deeds-scales mechanism.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: Od gölü
Transliteration: ohd guh-LEW
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: Cəhənnəm (as primary/unqualified rendering — forbidden)
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
New term. The final place of judgment for the devil, the beast, the false prophet, and the unrepentant (19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8). Do NOT substitute Cəhənnəm as the primary rendering — its independent doctrinal architecture (levels, sin-specific punishment, intercession-reducible sentence) differs from this imagery. Use Cəhənnəm only as an explanatory gloss in teaching notes.
Second Death
Approved rendering: İkinci ölüm
Transliteration: ee-keen-JEE uh-LEWM
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Judgment
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
New term. A technical Revelation term for final, eternal separation from God following the general resurrection (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8). No precise Islamic eschatological parallel exists (one death, one resurrection, one judgment, one eternal abode). Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: İki şahid
Transliteration: ee-KEE shah-HEED
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Testimony unto Death
Rejected alternatives: iki şəhid (forbidden — see witness_martyr entry)
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Faith
New term. Two prophetic figures killed for their testimony and vindicated by resurrection (11:3-13), a compact enactment of the Perseverance/Vindication doctrine pairing. Same şahid-family risk and Karbala-adjacent sensitivity as the general witness/martyr entry.
Dwelling Of God Tabernacle
Approved rendering: Allahın məskəni / məskən salmaq
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN mas-kah-NEE
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: Allaha yaxınlıq (vague devotional ‘closeness to God’, understates the doctrine)
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: New Creation
New term. God’s permanent, personal presence with his people (21:3), fulfilled architecturally in the temple-less city where God and the Lamb ARE its temple (21:22). Directly extends the Incarnation doctrine; must be taught plainly, not softened into vague Sufi-adjacent devotional-proximity language.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: Tezliklə gəlirəm
Transliteration: tez-leek-LAH gah-lee-RAHM
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: gələcəkdə gələcəyəm (a vaguer, non-imminent future gloss — rejected as weakening the refrain)
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Eschatology
New term. The book’s repeated closing refrain grounding the imminence of Christ’s return (22:7, 12, 20). Structural parallel to awaited-Mahdi eschatology (a hidden, promised, imminent-but-undated returning figure) must be affirmed only as a bridge-point, then explicitly redirected to Christ himself, not a distinct awaited intermediary.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjdə
Transliteration: myuzh-DAH
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: İncil (bare, unqualified), yaxşı xəbər (generic good news)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Relevant to Revelation 14:6’s ‘eternal gospel’ (εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον) proclaimed to every nation, tribe, language and people — coordinate with Millətlər (nations) and the Unity/Universal Scope doctrines.
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütf
Transliteration: LYUTF
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mərhəmət (mercy), kərəm (Persian-influenced ‘divine generosity’)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) Revelation as a benediction; coordinate with the new ‘freely_without_payment’ (δωρεάν) entry below to preserve the grace-not-merit contrast at 21:6 and 22:17.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: etiqad (doctrinal conviction/creed)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Commended in the churches (2:19) and required of the persevering saints (13:10; 14:12); see ‘unbelieving’ below for its negated form.
Called
Approved rendering: Çağırılmış
Transliteration: chah-guh-ruhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dəvət olunmuş (invited)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 17:14, ‘the called and chosen and faithful’ (κλητοὶ καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ καὶ πιστοί), pairs this term directly with ‘election’ below.
Calling
Approved rendering: Çağırış
Transliteration: chah-guh-RUHSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dəvət
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Low direct frequency in Revelation itself; retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency.
Holy
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: təmiz (ritually clean)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Trisagion (4:8, ‘Holy, holy, holy’); holy city (21:2); 22:11 exhortation.
Saints
Approved rendering: Müqəddəslər
Transliteration: myoo-kad-dass-LAIR
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: övliyalar (shrine-venerated holy figures)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Corporate designation for all believers whose prayers rise as incense (5:8; 8:3-4) and whose blood cries for vindication (16:6; 17:6; 18:24) — never an övliyalar-style elite class.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Təqdisetmə
Transliteration: tag-dees-et-MAY
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: paklanma (ritual purification)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Coordinate with 22:11 (‘let the holy still be holy’) and the 19:8 righteous-deeds-of-the-saints entry as the fruit, never the ground, of standing before God.
Adoption
Approved rendering: Övladlığa götürülmə
Transliteration: ohv-lahd-luh-AH gur-tuh-ryool-MAY
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: övladlıq (bare, without doctrinal qualifier)
Original: — (thematic; cf. υἱός, κληρονομέω)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Directly underlies Revelation 21:7’s overcomer sonship; coordinate with ‘son_believer_sonship’ and ‘inherit’ below.
Law
Approved rendering: Qanun
Transliteration: kah-NOON
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: şəriət (Islamic religious law)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Low direct frequency in Revelation; retained for cross-curriculum consistency and forbidden-substitution enforcement.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAHKH
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: xəta (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 1:5, ‘freed us from our sins by his blood’; universal scope underlies the roll-call of the excluded (21:8; 22:15).
Glory
Approved rendering: Ehtişam
Transliteration: eh-htee-SHAHM
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (Shia ‘Light of the Imams’ association)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Avoid nur throughout, including the New Jerusalem’s light imagery (21:23-24; 22:5).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: İmanın gətirdiyi itaət
Transliteration: ee-mah-NUHN gah-teer-dee-YEE ee-tah-AHT
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: dini vəzifələrə əməl etmə (performing religious duties)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Underlies ‘keep the commandments of God and hold to the testimony of Jesus’ (12:17; 14:12) as fruit of grace, not duty-performance.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın qüdrəti
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN kewd-rah-TEE
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Allahın qəzəbi (God’s wrath, a different concept)
Original: δύναμις
Category: Sovereignty
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Heavenly doxologies (7:12; 11:17; 12:10; 19:1); keep distinct from ‘wrath_of_god_lamb’ (Qəzəb) below.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Peyğəmbər
Transliteration: pay-gam-BAIR
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: falçı (fortune-teller)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Used of John (22:9) and OT prophets (10:7; 11:10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 22:6). See ‘false_prophet’ below for the negated compound, which must stay clearly bounded and distinct.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Əhd
Transliteration: AKHD
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: müqavilə (bare commercial contract)
Original: — (thematic; cf. διαθήκη formula echoed in 21:3, 7)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Underlies the covenant-formula fulfillment (‘I will be their God and they will be my people,’ 21:3, 7; cf. Leviticus 26:12) and Christ’s ‘key of David’ authority (3:7).
Election
Approved rendering: Seçilmə
Transliteration: say-cheel-MAY
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: qismət (fate/fortune), yazı (‘written’, fatalistic decree)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 17:14, ‘chosen’ (ἐκλεκτοί), pairs directly with ‘called’ above.
Providence
Approved rendering: Allahın tədbiri
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN tad-bee-REE
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: qismət, alın yazısı (fate written on the forehead)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Pair consistently with ‘Hər şeyə Qadir’ (Almighty, below) throughout the throne-room and judgment-sequence visions (chs. 4-5, 8-9, 15-16) to avoid impersonal fatalistic drift.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: AH-bah
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Does not recur in Revelation’s own text; retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency.
Gospel Revelation
Approved rendering: Vəhy
Transliteration: vah-HEE
Doctrine: Inspiration and Revelation of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: açılış (bare ‘opening/disclosure’, too weak), sirr (mystery, too narrow)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Revelation/Genre
New term. The book’s own title and genre-claim (1:1), ἀποκάλυψις. Collides with the Islamic technical term for prophetic revelation culminating in the Qur’an as final/superseding wahy. Retain as the established Azerbaijani Bible book-title but require a teaching note at first use: this is a disclosure of Jesus Christ himself and his certain victory, not a rival prophetic law-code.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: Yeddi Ruh
Transliteration: yed-DEE ROOKH
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Sevenfold Fullness of Ministry
Rejected alternatives: yeddi mələk (seven angels, wrongly implies created beings)
Original: τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
New term. Symbolic-number (fullness) expression of the Holy Spirit’s manifold presence (1:4; 4:5; 5:6). Risk of being misread as seven distinct angelic/spiritual entities, resonant with folk-religious spirit/jinn hierarchies. Must be taught explicitly as the one Müqəddəs Ruh in the fullness of his sevenfold ministry.
Unbelieving
Approved rendering: İmansızlar
Transliteration: ee-mahn-suhz-LAHR
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: dinsizlər (non-religious, too generic)
Original: ἄπιστοι
Category: Faith
New term. Built directly on the İman root. Named among those excluded from the New Jerusalem (21:8). Ensure the rendering signals lack of personal trust in Christ specifically, not merely ‘non-religious’ or ‘non-Muslim’ in a generic communal-identity sense.
Freely Without Payment
Approved rendering: Pulsuz / hədiyyə olaraq
Transliteration: pool-SOOZ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kərəmlə (generously, drifts toward devotional-generosity kərəm)
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
New term. ‘Without payment’/‘as a free gift’ describing the water of life (21:6; 22:17), same root as Romans 3:24’s ‘justified freely by his grace’ (δωρεάν). Must preserve the Lütf (Grace) contrast against a merit/payment framework.
Inherit
Approved rendering: İrs almaq / varis olmaq
Transliteration: eersh ahl-MAHK
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance of Overcomers
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
New term. To receive as an heir; the overcomer’s inheritance of the New Creation (21:7), flowing from filial standing with God. Extends the baseline Adoption doctrine’s inheritance-rights framing; not a reward earned by the act of overcoming itself.
Overcomer
Approved rendering: Qalib gələn / qələbə çalan
Transliteration: kah-LEEB gah-lahn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: cihad edən (jihad-adjacent struggle framing — forbidden)
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Faith
New term. The recurring refrain closing each of the seven letters (chs. 2-3) and reappearing throughout (5:5; 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7). Victory must be taught as derived from and shared with Christ’s own prior conquering, not autonomous spiritual heroism; avoid any holy-war/jihad-adjacent struggle framing.
Tribulation Affliction
Approved rendering: Sıxıntı
Transliteration: suh-kuhn-TUH
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: əzab (punishment-associated Islamic vocabulary — forbidden as primary)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Faith
New term. Pressure/affliction endured for the faith (1:9; 2:9-10). Prefer sıxıntı over əzab, which could wrongly suggest the suffering itself is punitive rather than a badge of faithful witness.
Patient Endurance
Approved rendering: Dözüm
Transliteration: duh-ZEWM
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: səbir (fatalistic-submission Islamic virtue-term — forbidden as primary)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Faith
New term. Steadfast, confident, hope-fueled perseverance (1:9; 2:2-3, 19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12), distinguished from passive resignation. FORBIDDEN: səbir, closely tied to fatalistic submission to Allah’s decree.
Repent
Approved rendering: Tövbə etmək
Transliteration: tuv-BAH et-MAKH
Doctrine: Call to Repentance within the Churches
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Faith
New term. To change direction/mind, the call issued to the seven churches (2:5, 16, 21-22; 3:3, 19) and to unrepentant humanity (9:20-21; 16:9, 11). Tövbə is a heavily loaded Islamic devotional term (merit-restoring ritual return to Allah); here it must be taught as restoration within an already-secured grace relationship, since addressed to churches already in Christ.
Bride
Approved rendering: Gəlin
Transliteration: gah-LEEN
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
New term. The Church as Bride of Christ, prepared and adorned for her husband (19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17). No natural parallel in Islamic devotional register. Requires explicit teaching framing as corporate, covenantal, non-literal imagery, not physical marriage to a deity.
Wrath Of God Lamb
Approved rendering: Qəzəb
Transliteration: kah-ZAHB
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὀργή / θυμός
Category: Judgment
New term. Divine judicial anger, startlingly described as belonging to the Lamb himself (6:16) and poured out through the bowl judgments (14:10, 19; 15:1, 7; 16:1, 19; 19:15). Must not be flattened into generic divine anger disconnected from the Lamb-Christology of the book; keep distinct from baseline’s power_of_god (qüdrət).
Dragon
Approved rendering: Əjdaha
Transliteration: ahzh-dah-HAH
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: δράκων
Category: Judgment
New term. Explicitly identified as Satan/the devil (12:9; 20:2). Turkic/Azerbaijani folklore dragon-figures are not uniformly evil; every occurrence must carry the text’s own explicit identification ‘bu əjdaha Şeytandır’ attached, not left as a free-floating symbol.
Millennium
Approved rendering: Min il
Transliteration: MEEN eel
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and Eschatological Timing
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
New term. The thousand-year period of Christ’s reign and Satan’s binding (20:1-7). Historic Christian interpretive traditions differ significantly; present accurately without prematurely resolving the debate, while affirming the certain final outcome all traditions agree on (Satan’s final defeat).
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Har-Magedon
Transliteration: hahr-mah-geh-DOHN
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and Eschatological Timing
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Eschatology
New term. The symbolic gathering place for the final battle against evil (16:16). Strong potential for readers to map this onto al-Malhama al-Kubra Islamic apocalyptic battle traditions and speculative Middle East geopolitics; also actively exploited in Jehovah’s Witnesses evangelism literature — flag for theologian review if phrasing could be mistaken for JW near-future political-destruction doctrine.
Great Prostitute
Approved rendering: Fahişə
Transliteration: fah-hee-SHAH
Doctrine: Babylon, Idolatry, and the Great Prostitute
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
New term. Personification of Babylon as an idolatrous, seductive political-religious power (17:1-5, 15-16; 19:2). Strong moral/cultural sensitivity in Azerbaijani register; state immediately and every time that this symbolizes an idolatrous system, not literal commentary on women.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: Böyük Babil
Transliteration: buh-YEWK bah-BEEL
Doctrine: Babylon, Idolatry, and the Great Prostitute
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
New term. Symbolic name for the world’s anti-God system, coded in its first-century context as Rome (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2, 10, 21). Must be distinguished from the literal historical/geographic Babylon (modern Iraq) and from any speculative modern-day political identification.
Lament Dirge
Approved rendering: Ağı
Transliteration: ah-GHUH
Doctrine: Babylon, Idolatry, and the Great Prostitute
Rejected alternatives: mərsiyə (reserved Shia Karbala/Imam Hussein lament-poetry genre — forbidden)
Original: θρῆνος
Category: Judgment
New term. The merchants’ and kings’ lament over Babylon’s economic fall (18:9-19). FORBIDDEN: mərsiyə — using it here would either trivialize a sacred devotional genre or wrongly dignify Babylon’s judgment with Karbala’s emotional register. Use the generic Ağı.
New Heaven New Earth
Approved rendering: Yeni göy və yeni yer
Transliteration: yeh-NEE gyuh vah yeh-NEE yair
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: yox olma / məhv olma (total annihilation, wrong emphasis)
Original: καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ
Category: New Creation
New term. Cosmic renewal of the created order (21:1), echoing Isaiah 65:17, 66:22. Risks collapsing into the Islamic Qiyamət doctrine of destruction-and-replacement; requires explicit teaching note at first use distinguishing renewal/continuity from annihilation-and-replacement.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Cənnət
Transliteration: jan-NAT
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: παράδεισος
Category: New Creation
New term. Restored Edenic access promised to the overcomer (2:7) and fulfilled in the New Jerusalem (22:2, 14). ‘Cənnət’ carries vivid Qur’anic garden/reward imagery attained through faith-and-deeds; retain the established word but require an explicit teaching note at every occurrence distinguishing the basis of entry (the Lamb’s finished work alone).
Spring Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: Həyat suyunun bulağı
Transliteration: hah-YAHT soo-yoo-NOON boo-lah-UH
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: New Creation
New term. The free gift of eternal life offered to the thirsty (21:6; 22:17). Must preserve the grace-not-payment contrast carried by δωρεάν (see ‘freely_without_payment’); do not shade toward kərəm-style devotional generosity.
Worthy
Approved rendering: Layiq
Transliteration: lah-YUHK
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: dəyərli (merely ‘valuable’, loses the unique-qualification force)
New term. The refrain ‘Who is worthy?’ (5:2), answered by the Lamb alone. Ties Christ’s worthiness to open the scroll directly to his identity as the slain-and-risen Lamb; must not be diluted into ‘a worthy one among others.‘
Serve Worship Latreuo
Approved rendering: Xidmət etmək / ibadət etmək
Transliteration: khee-DMAHT et-MAHK
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term. The redeemed serving God and the Lamb forever (22:3), λατρεύω. Coordinate with ‘worship_prostrate’ above; consistent worship-vocabulary must be used whether the object is God the Father or the Lamb, preserving their shared claim on worship.
Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: Allahın qəzəbinin şərab sıxma çəni
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN kah-zah-bee-NEEN shah-RAHB suhkh-mah chah-NEE
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term. ‘The winepress of the wrath of God’ (14:19), a vivid judgment metaphor. Reuses Qəzəb; consistent rendering required across all wrath-of-God/wrath-of-the-Lamb occurrences.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Həvari
Transliteration: heh-vah-REE
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: peyğəmbər (prophet-messenger), imam (Shia infallible successor sense)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 18:20 (‘apostles and prophets’) and 21:14 (‘the twelve apostles of the Lamb’) — guard against Imamate-successor associations exactly as in the baseline note.
Peace
Approved rendering: Sülh
Transliteration: SYULKH
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: rahatlıq (inner calm/comfort)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Paired with grace in Revelation’s opening greeting (1:4).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Ruhani hədiyyələr
Transliteration: roo-hah-NEE hah-dee-YAY-lair
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: kəramət (Shia/Sufi saint-Imam miraculous endowment)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Not prominent in Revelation’s own text but retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency.
Church
Approved rendering: Kilsə
Transliteration: keel-SAY
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: məscid-vari icma (mosque-like community)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. The seven churches (chs. 2-3) and Rev 22:16.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Padşahlığı
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN pahd-shah-luh-UH
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: Allahın dövləti (God’s state/nation)
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Sovereignty
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Revelation 11:15 is the book’s clearest single statement of the Return and Reign of Christ doctrine; flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Millətlər
Transliteration: mil-lat-LAIR
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: kafirlər (unbelievers/infidels), bütpərəstlər (idolaters, archaic)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; covers Revelation’s ‘ethnē’ occurrences throughout (5:9; 7:9; 10; 11; 12; 14; 15; 17-18; 20-22). Guard against an Azerbaijani-nationalist or ethnically-exclusive reading of ‘millət.‘
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Peyğəmbərlik sözü
Transliteration: pay-gam-bair-LEEK suh-ZEW
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: falçılıq (divination/fortune-telling)
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. The ‘words of this prophecy’ formula (1:3; 19:10; 22:7, 10, 18-19) must be rendered consistently at every occurrence per the canonical-integrity warning.
Mission
Approved rendering: Müjdə yayma xidməti
Transliteration: myuzh-DAH yai-MAH khee-dmah-TEE
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: təbliğ (regulated Islamic da’wah-style proselytizing)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Low direct frequency but conceptually underlies the ‘eternal gospel’ proclaimed to every nation (14:6).
David
Approved rendering: Davud
Transliteration: dah-VOOD
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 3:7 (key of David); 5:5 (Lion of the tribe of Judah); 22:16 (‘root and offspring of David’).
Israel
Approved rendering: İsrail
Transliteration: ees-rah-EEL
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Twelve-tribes imagery (ch. 7; 21:12); the baseline’s contemporary-geopolitical-sensitivity note applies with equal or greater force here given the New Jerusalem’s proper-name overlap risk.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Davudun nəslindən
Transliteration: dah-voo-DOON nas-leen-DAHN
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Coordinate with Rev 22:16 (‘root and offspring of David’) and the new ‘key_of_david’ entry (3:7) below.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: Sadiq və Haqq
Transliteration: sah-DEEK vah HAHKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Apocalyptic Titles
Rejected alternatives: etibarlı (merely ‘reliable’, loses the titular force)
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
New term. Title of reliable character and speech, applied to God’s own words (21:5) and to Christ as the rider on the white horse (19:11). ‘Haqq’ resonates positively with the Islamic divine attribute al-Haqq — a genuine bridge point — but must not be read as invoking a separate divine name-title outside the Trinity.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: Səhər ulduzu
Transliteration: sah-HAIR ool-doo-ZOO
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
New term. Christological self-title (22:16) also promised as a shared reward to the overcomer (2:28). Render identically at both occurrences to preserve the deliberate literary link.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: Davudun açarı
Transliteration: dah-voo-DOON ah-chah-RUH
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s exclusive authority over the messianic kingdom’s access, given to the church in Philadelphia (3:7). Ties into baseline Davidic Covenant doctrine; coordinate with ‘seed_of_david’ and ‘david’ above.
Almighty
Approved rendering: Hər şeyə Qadir (Olan)
Transliteration: hair sheh-YAH kah-DEER
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
New term. Exclusive divine omnipotence (παντοκράτωρ), used nine times in Revelation, more than any other NT book. Genuine overlap with Islamic al-Qadir; anchor to the Triune God and the Lamb’s shared sovereignty (1:8), not a free-floating attribute.
Throne
Approved rendering: Taxt
Transliteration: TAHKHT
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
New term. The book’s dominant visual anchor (47 occurrences). Risk that ‘taxt’ evokes historical Azerbaijani/regional khanate court imagery rather than transcendent rule; pair consistently with Allah/Quzu to keep the referent unambiguous.
Elders 24
Approved rendering: Ağsaqqal
Transliteration: agh-sahk-KAHL
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New term. The twenty-four enthroned figures leading heaven’s worship (4:4, 10; 5:8, 14; 11:16; 19:4). ‘Ağsaqqal’ is a strong, positive Azerbaijani civic/tribal term; ensure it is not read as merely an honorary civic-council role rather than a worship-leading heavenly representative of the redeemed.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: Canlı məxluqlar
Transliteration: jahn-LUH makh-look-LAHR
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ζῷα
Category: Church
New term. Four symbolic throne-room attendants (Ezekiel 1/Isaiah 6 imagery), 4:6-9; 5:6-14; 6:1-8; 15:7. Ensure these are not confused with angels proper or read through a folk-religious animal-spirit lens.
Seal
Approved rendering: Möhür / möhürlənmək
Transliteration: muh-HEWR
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast versus Seal of God
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Church
New term. Seals on the scroll (5:1-9; 6:1-12; 8:1) and, distinctly, the protective seal on the foreheads of the redeemed 144,000 (7:2-8; 9:4). Keep visually/lexically distinct from ‘mark_of_the_beast’ (Damğa) — a deliberate counter-image.
Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: Qədim ilan
Transliteration: kah-DEEM ee-LAHN
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Judgment
New term. Explicit identification of the dragon/Satan with the Genesis 3 tempter (12:9; 20:2). Ties Revelation’s cosmic conflict back to Eden, useful for Sovereignty over History teaching.
Satan
Approved rendering: Şeytan
Transliteration: shay-TAHN
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Judgment
New term. Shared Islamic vocabulary (Shaytan); source of persecution and false teaching (2:9, 13, 24; 3:9) and cosmic enemy defeated at Christ’s return (20:2, 7, 10). Note the differing narrative arc from Islamic Şeytan (Iblis’s refusal to bow before Adam) versus Revelation’s cosmic-war-and-final-defeat framing.
Devil
Approved rendering: İblis
Transliteration: eeb-LEES
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: διάβολος
Category: Judgment
New term. Synonym for Satan/dragon (12:9, 12; 20:2, 10), the accuser cast down. Shared Qur’anic term; the Islamic pride/refusal-before-Adam narrative arc differs from Revelation’s cosmic-war-and-final-defeat framing.
Abyss
Approved rendering: Dibsiz quyu
Transliteration: deeb-SEEZ koo-YOO
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Abissos (transliteration, rejected as meaningless to readers)
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
New term. Place of imprisonment for demonic forces (9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1-3), distinct from Hades and the lake of fire. Must remain lexically distinct from both — three separate afterlife/spiritual-geography terms.
Hades
Approved rendering: Ölülər diyarı
Transliteration: uh-lyoo-LAIR dee-yah-RUH
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Hades (bare transliteration, imports unfamiliar Greek-mythology associations)
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Judgment
New term. The intermediate holding-place of the dead, over which the risen Christ holds the keys (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Must be distinguished from the final lake-of-fire judgment; Hades itself is finally thrown into the lake of fire (20:14).
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Yeni Yerusəlim
Transliteration: yeh-NEE yeh-roo-sah-LEEM
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: New Creation
New term. The eschatological, glorified people-and-place of God descending from heaven, prepared as a bride (3:12; 21:2, 10). Risk of readers mapping this onto the modern geopolitical city/state of Jerusalem/Israel rather than the symbolic, descended, heavenly city; cf. baseline’s ‘israel’ note.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: Həyat ağacı
Transliteration: hah-YAHT ah-ghah-JUH
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: New Creation
New term. Restored access to what was barred after the Fall (Genesis 3:24), promised to the overcomer (2:7) and standing in the New Jerusalem (22:2, 14, 19). Coordinate with the ‘paradise’ entry.
River Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: Həyat suyu çayı
Transliteration: hah-YAHT soo-YOO chah-YUH
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: New Creation
New term. The river flowing from God’s and the Lamb’s throne through the New Jerusalem (22:1-2), echoing Eden and Ezekiel’s temple-river imagery. Keep visibly related in wording to ‘spring_of_water_of_life’ below.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: Tamamlandı! / Bu, olub qurtardı!
Transliteration: tah-mahm-lahn-DUH
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: bu olacaq (future-tense gloss, weakens the settled-fact force — rejected)
Original: Γέγονεν
Category: New Creation
New term. Perfect-tense declaration of God’s completed, settled redemptive plan (21:6), echoing Christ’s τετέλεσται (John 19:30). Must preserve the perfect-tense ‘settled fact’ force; avoid any future-oriented gloss.
I Make All Things New
Approved rendering: Mən hər şeyi yeni edirəm
Transliteration: mahn hair sheh-YEE yeh-NEE eh-dee-RAHM
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: Allah hər şeyi yeni edəcək (third-person future description, loses the first-person immediacy)
Original: καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: New Creation
New term. God’s first-person, present-tense declaration of comprehensive re-creation (21:5). Preserve the first-person divine speech-act; do not flatten into third-person description.
Adding Removing Prophecy Words
Approved rendering: Əlavə etmək / çıxarmaq
Transliteration: ah-lah-VAH et-MAHK
Doctrine: Canonical Integrity of the Prophetic Word
Original: προστίθημι / ἀφαιρέω
Category: Eschatology
New term. A canonical-integrity warning against tampering with the words of this prophetic book (22:18-19). Frame as Revelation’s own internal, self-referential warning; note with pastoral sensitivity, without over-extending, that this is sometimes invoked in interfaith discussion alongside Islamic tahrif claims.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın sirri
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN seer-REE
Doctrine: Inspiration and Revelation of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ğeyb (Islamic exclusively-Allah’s-domain ‘the unseen’ — avoid framing as human access to this)
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Sovereignty
New term. God’s sovereign purposes, disclosed by God himself to his servants (10:7; also 1:20; 17:5, 7). Not human access to ghayb by human effort, but God’s own gracious self-disclosure, consistent with the Vəhy teaching note.
Keys Of Death And Hades
Approved rendering: Ölüm və Ölülər diyarının açarları
Transliteration: uh-LEWM vah uh-lyoo-LAIR dee-yah-ruh-NUHN ah-chah-lah-RUH
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Judgment
New term. Authority over the realm/state of the dead (1:18). Hades here is the intermediate holding-place, over which the risen Christ (not Death itself) now holds sovereign authority — distinguish from the final lake-of-fire judgment (ch. 20).
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: Şeytanın sinaqoqu
Transliteration: shay-tah-NUHN see-nah-goh-GOO
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
New term. Historically a specific first-century Jewish community opposing the church (2:9; 3:9). Teaching material must clarify this is not a blanket statement about Judaism as a religion, given the sensitivity already flagged in the Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine.
One Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: Yüz qırx dörd min
Transliteration: yewz kuhrkh durt MEEN
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term. Symbolic-numeric completeness (12×12×1000), the sealed number of God’s people (7:4-8; 14:1, 3). Guard against literalistic head-counting debates overtaking the symbolic point; do not adopt a JW-style closed-elite-class reading.
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: Böyük izdiham
Transliteration: buh-YEWK eez-dee-HAHM
Doctrine: Unity and Universal Scope of the Redeemed Peoples
New term. ‘A great multitude… from every nation, tribe, people, and language’ (7:9). Reinforces Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Universal Scope of the Gospel doctrines; not a JW-style second-tier salvation class distinct from the 144,000.
Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: Yəhuda qəbiləsinin Şiri
Transliteration: yah-hoo-DAH kah-bee-lah-see-NEEN shee-REE
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
New term. ‘The Lion of the tribe of Judah’ (5:5), fulfilling Genesis 49:9-10. Requires Old Testament covenant background teaching, as with ‘seed_of_david’ and ‘key_of_david.‘
Seven Heads Ten Horns
Approved rendering: Yeddi baş / on buynuz
Transliteration: yed-DEE bahsh / ohn boo-y-NOOZ
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term. Symbolic-numeric imagery for successive world powers/rulers (13:1; 17:3, 7-12). Flag for teaching to avoid speculative literal head-counting or contemporary-figure identification.
Michael
Approved rendering: Mikael
Transliteration: mee-kah-EL
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
New term. The archangel who leads heaven’s forces against the dragon (12:7). Shared name with the Islamic archangel Mikail, whose provision/rain-associated role differs from Michael’s warrior role here — a minor, non-critical distinction worth a brief note.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: Abaddon / Apollion (Məhv edən)
Transliteration: ah-bah-DOHN / ah-poh-lee-OHN
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
New term. A named demonic king-figure, ‘the Destroyer’ (9:11). Ensure it is not conflated with Şeytan himself (a subordinate figure) nor with any named figure from Islamic demonology, to avoid unintended syncretistic identification.
Temple Naos
Approved rendering: Məbəd
Transliteration: mah-BAD
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term. The earthly/symbolic temple measured in 11:1-2, deliberately contrasted with the New Jerusalem’s absence of a temple (21:22, ‘I saw no temple in the city… God and the Lamb are its temple’). Coordinate this contrast explicitly in teaching material.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: Qadın
Transliteration: kah-DUHN
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Rejected alternatives: Məryəm Ana (Mother Mary — forbidden as a primary identification)
New term. The symbolic woman of 12:1-6, 13-17 (variously interpreted as Israel, the covenant people, or Mary; present the range without forcing a single view). Guard against Marian-veneration pull from Russian Orthodox devotional influence and against övliyalar-style veneration; teach as corporate/covenantal symbolism.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Şükran
Transliteration: shook-RAHN
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Voiced in the heavenly worship refrains (4:9; 7:12; 11:17).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Ünsiyyət
Transliteration: ewn-see-YAHT
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: qardaşlıq (generic/civic brotherhood)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Rev 1:9, John’s self-designation as ‘brother and partner’ (synkoinōnos) in the tribulation, is conceptually adjacent though not the identical Greek word.
Exhort
Approved rendering: Nəsihət vermək
Transliteration: nah-see-HAHT ver-MAKH
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Underlies the pastoral tone of the seven letters generally (chs. 2-3).
Curse Removed
Approved rendering: Lənət
Transliteration: lah-NAT
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: New Creation
New term. The final removal of the Genesis 3 curse from the New Creation (22:3). Plain vocabulary; reinforces the reversal-of-the-Fall theme.
Scroll
Approved rendering: Tumar / kiçik tumar
Transliteration: too-MAHR
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: βιβλίον / βιβλαρίδιον
Category: Symbolic Imagery
New term. The sealed scroll opened seal by seal (5:1-9; 6:1) and the little scroll John eats (10:2, 9-10). Prefer ‘tumar’ for visual precision; gloss with ‘kitab’ if unfamiliar to general readers.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: Şeypur
Transliteration: shay-POOR
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Symbolic Imagery
New term. The seven trumpets of judgment (8:2-13; 9:1-21; 11:15). Plain apocalyptic-symbolic vocabulary.
Bowl
Approved rendering: Nimçə
Transliteration: neem-CHAH
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: φιάλη
Category: Symbolic Imagery
New term. The seven final bowls of God’s wrath (15:7; 16:1-21) and, distinctly, the bowls of incense/prayers (5:8). Plain apocalyptic vocabulary.
Nicolaitans
Approved rendering: Nikolaitlər
Transliteration: nee-koh-lah-eet-LAIR
Doctrine: Call to Repentance within the Churches
New term. Proper name of a heretical group in the letters to the churches (2:6, 15). Standard transliteration handling.
Balaam
Approved rendering: Bilam
Transliteration: bee-LAHM
Doctrine: Call to Repentance within the Churches
New term. Proper OT name (Numbers 22), referenced in the letter to Pergamum (2:14). Reuse established Azerbaijani Bible OT form rather than inventing a new transliteration.
Jezebel
Approved rendering: İzevel
Transliteration: ee-zeh-VEL
Doctrine: Call to Repentance within the Churches
New term. Proper OT name (1 Kings), referenced in the letter to Thyatira (2:20). Reuse established Azerbaijani Bible OT form.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: Halleluya
Transliteration: hahl-leh-loo-YAH
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology in Worship
New term (formal TM entry; established transliteration already assumed in baseline transliteration standards). Occurs 19:1, 3, 4, 6 in the great heavenly doxology preceding the marriage of the Lamb.
Amen
Approved rendering: Amin
Transliteration: ah-MEEN
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology in Worship
New term (formal TM entry; established transliteration already assumed in baseline transliteration standards). Closes doxologies throughout (1:6-7; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21).
Referenced passages