Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 John — English → Azerbaijani
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, citing the chapter(s) in which each term occurs across the whole book of 1 John. Terms marked [REUSED] are fixed exactly as recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory, pending Phase 1 Step 8 finalization. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low definitions exactly.
Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Azerbaijani (fixed) | Risk (baseline) | Chapters occurring | Note for 1 John usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Allah | Critical | 1-5 | Consistent throughout; no new collision beyond baseline. |
| Jesus | İsa (paired with Məsih) | Critical | 1-5 (esp. 1:3; 2:1,22; 4:2-3,15; 5:1,5-6,20) | Never used bare in doctrinally significant contexts, including antichrist-confession passages (2:22; 4:2-3). |
| Christ / Messiah | Məsih | Critical | 2:22; 4:2; 5:1,6 | The confession “Jesus is the Christ” (5:1) carries full messianic weight per baseline messiah entry. |
| Son of God | Allahın Oğlu | Critical | 1:3,7; 3:8,23; 4:9-10,15; 5:5,9-13,20 | Highest-density occurrence of this term of any NT book relative to length; every occurrence is a direct deity/sonship confrontation point. |
| Father | Ata | Critical | 1:2-3; 2:1,13-16,22-24; 3:1; 4:14 | Relational, not literal-biological; teach per baseline father entry. |
| Holy Spirit | Müqəddəs Ruh | Critical | 3:24; 4:2,6,13 (context-sensitive vs. generic “spirit/spirits”) | Never equate with Cəbrail; distinguish carefully from generic πνεῦμα uses (spirits to be tested). |
| Lord | Rəbb | Critical | (implicit in Christological confession contexts; not frequent as a bare title in 1 John, but presupposed by Son of God/true God statements) | Consistency with Romans 10:9 confession pattern. |
| Salvation | Xilas | Critical | (conceptually throughout; cf. σωτήρ 4:14) | Root of Xilaskar (Savior); present, secured deliverance. |
| Faith | İman | High | 5:1,4-5,10,13 | Personal trust in Christ’s specific identity; object must remain explicit. |
| Sin | Günah | High | 1:7-10; 2:1-2,12; 3:4-9; 4:10; 5:16-17 | Central to Confession/Forgiveness doctrine; universal accountability reinforced by 1:8,10. |
| Righteousness / righteous | Salehlik / saleh | Critical | 1:9; 2:1,29; 3:7,10 | God’s own character (1:9) and the mark of new birth (2:29; 3:7), never a deeds-ledger. |
| Adoption (conceptual parallel) | Övladlığa götürülmə (root: övlad) | High | (conceptually parallel to τέκνα θεοῦ, 3:1-2,10) | Distinguish from γεννάω/new birth — 1 John uses birth-language (γεννάω), not the Pauline υἱοθεσία/adoption term; keep the övlad root shared but flag the distinct Greek term. |
| Holy | Müqəddəs | High | (implicit — the light/purity theme of ch.1) | Ties into “God is light” (1:5). |
| Fellowship | Ünsiyyət | Low (baseline) → re-tiered High for this curriculum | 1:3,6,7 | See dedicated NEW-risk-tier note below. |
| Law (Mosaic) | Qanun | High | (not directly used; ἀνομία in 3:4 is a distinct, general moral term — do not conflate) | See ἀνομία entry below. |
| Intercession | Vasitəçilik | Critical | (conceptual root for παράκλητος, 2:1) | See παράκλητος/Vasitəçi entry below. |
| Peace | Sülh | Medium | (not directly used in 1 John) | Listed for completeness; no occurrence identified. |
| Exhort | Nəsihət vermək | Low | (general epistolary tone, esp. ch. 2, 4-5 direct address) | “Little children,” “beloved” address forms carry this exhortatory tone. |
| Gentiles | Millətlər | Medium | (not used; 1 John does not address Jew/Gentile distinction) | Listed for completeness; no occurrence. |
New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum (1 John)
| English gloss | Greek (transliteration) | Azerbaijani rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Grounded reason / rejected alternative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Love (agapē, of God’s nature) | ἀγάπη (agapē) | Məhəbbət | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | 2:5,10,15; 3:1,10-18,23; 4:7-21 (esp. 4:8,16); 5:1-3 | Qur’anic al-Wadud frames divine love as one conditional attribute among ninety-nine (Qur’an 3:31-32: Allah does not love disbelievers/transgressors). 1 John’s “God IS love” (identity statement) must not collapse into “Allahda məhəbbət var” (God has love), which reduces it to a conditioned attribute. |
| Light (of God’s nature) | φῶς (phōs) | İşıq | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | 1:5,7; 2:8-10 | Rejected: Nur — carries strong Shia devotional associations with Nur-i Məhəmmədi, the pre-existent light transmitted through Muhammad and the Twelve Imams (same collision the baseline already flags for glory/ehtişam). İşıq avoids importing that competing metaphysical/succession framework. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (koinōnia) | Ünsiyyət [term reused; risk re-tiered] | High (re-tiered from baseline Low) | Fellowship with God and One Another | 1:3,6,7 | Same term as baseline, but risk elevated because 1 John makes κοινωνία a named central doctrine at risk of flattening into secular civic qardaşlıq-style belonging or Sufi tariqah-style master/disciple communal bonds, rather than 1:6-7’s specific “walking in the light” shared-life-with-God-and-others sense. |
| World (kosmos) | κόσμος (kosmos) | Dünya | Medium-High (context-sensitive) | Overcoming the World | 2:15-17; 3:1,13; 4:1,3-5,9,14,17; 5:4-5,19 | Two distinct senses (created world God loves, 4:9; fallen world-system opposed to God, 2:15) share one Azerbaijani word; flag every occurrence for sense-disambiguation in teaching notes. |
| Advocate (of Christ) | παράκλητος (paraklētos) | Vasitəçi | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life; Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 2:1 | Rejected: şəfaət and təvəssül — same Shia Imamate-intercession collision the baseline flags Critically for vasitəçilik in Romans 8:34. Christ is the believer’s sole, sufficient legal Advocate, not one intercessor among several. |
| Propitiation / atoning sacrifice | ἱλασμός (hilasmos) | Kəffarə qurbanı | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 2:2; 4:10 | Bare kəffarə alone is an Islamic legal-jurisprudence term for a self-performed compensatory religious duty (e.g., expiation for breaking an oath); pairing with qurban (sacrifice) and explicit teaching notes reframes this as God’s own gift, not a human legal remedy. |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος (antichristos) | Antixrist (retain as loanword) | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 2:18,22; 4:3 | Must be distinguished from Dajjal (al-Masih ad-Dajjal), the singular future deceiver of Shia/Sunni eschatology defeated by the returning Imam Mahdi or Jesus. 1 John’s antichrists are plural, present, and identified by a doctrinal confession-test, not a single future eschatological battle figure. |
| Anointing | χρῖσμα (chrisma) | Müqəddəs Ruhun məshi (never bare “məsh”) | High | Testing the Spirits | 2:20,27 | Bare məsh is a specific Islamic fiqh term for ritual wiping over footwear/turban during wudu; the full qualifying phrase prevents collapse into that unrelated ritual-ablution category. |
| Coming / appearing (of Christ) | παρουσία (parousia) | (İsa Məsihin) gəlişi | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 2:28 | Rejected: zühur — the standard term for the awaited reappearance of the Hidden Twelfth Imam in Twelver Shia eschatology, a doctrinally central and emotionally powerful concept for Azerbaijan’s dominant tradition. |
| Abide / remain | μένω (menō) | Qalmaq | High | Fellowship with God and One Another; Assurance of Salvation | 1 John’s dominant relational verb, ~24 occurrences across 2:6,10,14,17,19,24,27-28; 3:6,9,14-15,17,24; 4:12-13,15-16 | Risk of conflation with Sufi mystical-union concepts (fana, wahdat al-wujud) describing the self dissolving into the divine; must be taught as relational, covenantal, personal indwelling that preserves distinct personhood, not ontological merger. |
| Know (relational) | γινώσκω (ginōskō) | Tanımaq | High | Fellowship with God and One Another; Testing the Spirits | 2:3-5,13-14,29; 3:1,6,16,19-20,24; 4:2,6-8,13,16 | Risk of conflation with Sufi/Shia marifah/irfan (mystical gnosis attained via ascetic discipline or Imamate-mediated guidance); 1 John’s “knowing God” is granted through new birth, evidenced by love and obedience, not mystical ascent. |
| Born of God / new birth | γεννάω (gennaō) | (Allahdan) doğulmaq | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1,4,18 | Must be explicitly distinguished, every occurrence, from any claim about God’s own generative nature (tawhid/Qur’an 112:3); the begetting described is the believer’s regeneration, not a statement about God begetting biological offspring. Cross-reference baseline adoption entry. |
| Children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ (tekna theou) | Allahın övladları | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 3:1-2,10 | Reuses the övlad root from baseline adoption entry for consistency; same tawhid-adjacent caution applies. |
| Seed (of God) | σπέρμα (sperma) | Toxum | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 3:9 | Figurative for implanted divine nature/Spirit, not literal procreative substance; gloss on first occurrence. |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία (anomia) | Qanunsuzluq | Medium | (general sin doctrine) | 3:4 | Built on baseline Qanun root but denotes general moral-order violation, not the Mosaic Law specifically; do not conflate with baseline’s Law entry referent. |
| Devil / the evil one | διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός | İblis / Şeytan / Şər olan | Low-Medium | (general sin/spiritual-conflict background) | 3:8,10; 5:18-19 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic tradition (Iblis is a named Qur’anic figure); minor fall-narrative background differences noted but not requiring a different term. |
| Confess (dual-object verb) | ὁμολογέω (homologeō) | Etiraf etmək | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Testing the Spirits; The Incarnation and Antichrist | 1:9; 2:23; 4:2-3,15 | Context-sensitive: confessing sin (1:9) vs. confessing Christ’s identity/incarnation (4:2-3,15) — same Greek verb, two distinct theological objects; verify per occurrence, exactly as baseline treats “called.” |
| Cleanse | καθαρίζω (katharizō) | Təmizləmək | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1:7,9 | Must be taught as moral-forensic cleansing following confession, not ritual ablution (wudu/ghusl-adjacent); parallels baseline’s caution against paklanma for sanctification. |
| Commandment | ἐντολή (entolē) | Əmr | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2:3-4,7-8; 3:22-24; 4:21; 5:2-3 | Shares vocabulary with Islamic legal-religious əmr/əhkam system; must be taught as flowing from an already-secured love relationship, not an independent legal duty establishing standing before God. |
| Advocate/testimony/witness | μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία (martyreō/martyria) | Şahidlik etmək / şahidlik | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11 | Shares a root with Şəhadət, the Islamic creedal confession formula; here it denotes evidentiary eyewitness testimony, not the fixed creedal-recitation genre, though the underlying “testify to truth” concept is a resonance point. |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Xilaskar | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:14 | Directly built on baseline’s Critical Xilas root; inherits full doctrinal weight against nicat-style deferred salvation. |
| Only Son / only-begotten | μονογενής (monogenēs) | Yeganə Oğul | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | 4:9 | Emphasizes uniqueness of kind/relationship, not literal biological begetting (Qur’an 112:3 collision); avoid any phrase built on a literal “doğulan” (born/begotten) root. |
| Confidence / boldness | παρρησία (parrēsia) | Arxayınlıq / cəsarət | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14 | Directly parallel to baseline’s Critical assurance_of_salvation entry: settled, present-tense confidence before God at judgment, not the probabilistic hope typical of Islamic soteriology pending Judgment Day/Imamate intercession. |
| Day of judgment | ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως | Hökm günü | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:17 | Rejected: Qiyamət günü — the standard Islamic term, loaded with the deeds-weighed-on-a-scale (mizan) and hoped-for-intercession framework. |
| Torment / punishment | κόλασις (kolasis) | Əzab | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:18 | Shared, widely recognizable Islamic eschatological term (grave-torment, hell-torment); here denotes anxious psychological dread specifically — clarify context. |
| Overcome / conquer | νικάω (nikaō) | Qələbə çalmaq / üstün gəlmək | High | Overcoming the World | 2:13-14; 4:4; 5:4-5 | Risk of conflation with jihad al-nafs (ascetic self-effort framework); 5:4 explicitly grounds victory in new birth and faith, not self-discipline. |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | Əbədi həyat | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11,13,20 | Directly parallel to baseline’s Critical assurance_of_salvation entry; must be a present, known possession (5:13), not a deferred, merit-weighed Cənnət həyatı. |
| Sin unto death / not unto death | ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον | Ölümə aparan günah / ölümə aparmayan günah | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 5:16-17 | Exegetically difficult in its own right; must not be equated with the Islamic kabira/sağira (major/minor sin) distinction or with shirk as the specific unforgivable sin (Qur’an 4:48) — different theological categories. Flag for theologian review every occurrence. |
| True God (of Christ) | ἀληθινὸς θεός | Həqiqi Allah | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | 5:20 | Structurally parallel to Romans 9:5’s Critical “God over all” claim already in the baseline. Render plainly and unqualified; pastoral framing belongs in surrounding teaching text only. |
| Idols | εἴδωλον (eidōlon) | Bütlər | Low-Medium | (closing exhortation; ties to Testing the Spirits) | 5:21 | Genuine point of resonance with tawhid’s anti-idolatry stance; note possible extended sense (false conceptions of Christ), without overstating exegetical certainty. |
| Word of Life (title for Christ) | λόγος (τῆς ζωῆς) | Həyat Sözü | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 1:1 | Direct extension of baseline’s Critical incarnation and son_of_god entries; the eternal Söz’s tangible, touchable presence (1:1) is the sharpest incarnation-collision point in the epistle’s opening lines. |
| Behold / touch (sensory-verification verbs) | θεάομαι / ψηλαφάω | Görmək / əl ilə toxunmaq | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 1:1 | Anti-docetic argument: establishes Christ’s physical, bodily reality; connects directly to the 4:2-3 confession test. |
| Desire (of the flesh) | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | Bədən həvəsi / nəfsani istək | High | Overcoming the World | 2:16 | Avoid unqualified nəfs alone — heavily loaded Sufi/Islamic ascetic-discipline term (jihad al-nafs); 1 John’s point is relational/worldly-system, not primarily ascetic self-effort. |
| Last hour | ἔσχατη ὥρα | Axırıncı saat / son vaxt | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 2:18 | Avoid axırzaman as primary gloss — loaded with Twelfth Imam zühur expectation; teach as an already-inaugurated present reality. |
| Believe (that Jesus is the Christ) | πιστεύω (pisteuō) | İnanmaq | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:16; 5:1,5,10,13 | Built on İman root; object of belief (Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God) must remain explicit per occurrence. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια (alētheia) | Həqiqət | Medium | Testing the Spirits | 1:6,8; 2:4,21; 3:18-19; 4:6; 5:6 | Doctrinal-technical sense (right belief about Christ) needs contextual reinforcement beyond the plain everyday word. |
| False prophets | ψευδοπροφήτης | Yalançı peyğəmbərlər | Medium | Testing the Spirits | 4:1 | Built on baseline Peyğəmbər root; clarify this warns against specific false claims about Christ, not the category of true prophethood generally. |
| Spirit of error | πλάνης πνεῦμα | Yanılma ruhu | Medium | Testing the Spirits | 4:6 | Contrasted with “the Spirit of truth.” |
| Compassion (human, toward the needy) | σπλάγχνα (splanchna) | Mərhəmət (context-appropriate use) | Low-Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 3:17 | Distinct from baseline’s rejection of mərhəmət as a substitute for grace (Lütf) in salvation contexts; here it denotes ordinary human compassion, an entirely appropriate usage — do not ban the word outright, only keep it out of the grace/salvation slot. |
| Lay down one’s life | ψυχὴν τιθέναι | Canını qoymaq / həyatını fəda etmək | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 3:16 | Natural Azerbaijani idiom; must retain the self-sacrificial theological weight as the pattern/standard of true love. |
| Brother (fellow believer) | ἀδελφός (adelphos) | Qardaş | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2:9-11; 3:10-17; 4:20-21 | Individual usage (qardaş) is appropriate and warm; abstract-collective renderings elsewhere should retain a Christ-centered, not merely ethnic-civic, referent (cf. baseline’s rejection of qardaşlıq for fellowship). |
| Blood (of Jesus) | αἷμα (haima) | Qan | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1:7 | Sacrificial-atoning background needs brief explanatory support for readers without OT exposure. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Preparation
- Reused-term consistency: every term listed in the “Reused Exactly” table above must appear identically to its baseline Romans rendering in all 1 John Phase 2 output; no deviation is permitted regardless of 1 John-specific context.
- Re-tiered risk: κοινωνία/Ünsiyyət is the only baseline term whose risk tier (not translation) is elevated for this curriculum (Low → High), on the grounds documented above. This elevation should be reflected in an updated
doctrine_risk_registry.jsonentry for the 1 John curriculum at Step 2/8, without altering the underlying Romans registry. - Context-sensitive terms requiring per-occurrence verification: ὁμολογέω (confess sin vs. confess Christ), πνεῦμα (Holy Spirit vs. generic/deceiving spirits), κόσμος (created world vs. fallen world-system), γεννάω (always cross-referenced against adoption/sonship cautions).
- New Critical terms requiring theologian review routing (paralleling the baseline’s escalation rules): ἀγάπη/Məhəbbət, φῶς/İşıq, ἱλασμός/Kəffarə qurbanı, ἀντίχριστος/Antixrist, παρουσία/gəliş, μονογενής/Yeganə Oğul, παρρησία/Arxayınlıq, ζωὴ αἰώνιος/Əbədi həyat, ἀληθινὸς θεός/Həqiqi Allah, λόγος (τῆς ζωῆς)/Həyat Sözü, παράκλητος/Vasitəçi, σάρξ (ἐν σαρκὶ, of the Incarnation)/Bədən.
- Forbidden substitutions to add to this curriculum’s system prompt (parallel to the baseline’s Critical Forbidden Substitutions list): NEVER use Nur for φῶς/God-is-light; NEVER use zühur for παρουσία; NEVER use bare məsh (without the Müqəddəs Ruhun qualifier) for χρῖσμα; NEVER equate Antixrist with Dajjal; NEVER use bare kəffarə (without qurban) for ἱλασμός; NEVER use bare nəfs as the primary gloss for ἐπιθυμία; NEVER use Qiyamət günü for ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως; NEVER equate ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον with shirk-as-unforgivable-sin.
This glossary extends, and in every reused case exactly matches, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. It is the Step 1 companion to 07_semantic_analysis.md and the required input to Phase 1 Step 8 (Core Glossary finalization) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 John begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: God is Light / God is Love
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı (Turkish convention, not settled Azerbaijani IBT usage)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 1 John, Allah is the personal subject of the two central identity-statements ‘God is light’ (1:5) and ‘God is love’ (4:8,16); must be understood as the personal, relational God of those predications, not an impersonal ultimate reality.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peyğəmbər’ (Prophet Jesus, without Məsih)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 1 John, always pair İsa with Məsih, especially in confessional-test passages (2:22; 4:2-3,15; 5:1) where bare İsa reads as only the Qur’anic prophet-figure and blunts the doctrinal force of the confession.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Məsih
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH
Doctrine: Antichrist and the Spirit of Deception
Rejected alternatives: sadəcə bir peyğəmbər (merely a prophet)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. 1 John 2:22 makes denial of ‘Jesus is the Christ’ the defining mark of the liar/antichrist; Məsih must carry full Davidic-covenant, atoning-savior content, not stand as a bare familiar honorific shared with the Qur’anic al-Masih title.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Oğlu
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN oh-loo
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allahın sevimli qulu (God’s beloved servant)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. 1 John has the highest-density occurrence of this title relative to book length of any NT book (1:3,7; 3:8,23; 4:9-10,15; 5:5,9-13,20); every occurrence is a direct confrontation point with Qur’an 112:3. Never soften to a servant/prophet euphemism.
Father
Approved rendering: Ata
Transliteration: ah-TAH
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: Yaradan (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 1 John 3:1 (‘see what kind of love the Father has given us, that we should be called children of God’), teach the relational-adoptive sense directly; never retreat to Yaradan.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs Ruh
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: Cəbrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Critical additional care in 1 John 4:1-6: must be visually and grammatically distinguished, every occurrence, from generic ‘spirits to be tested’ and ‘the spirit of antichrist/error’ — see new spirit_generic entry below.
Lord
Approved rendering: Rəbb
Transliteration: RAHBB
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ağa (master, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Not frequent as a bare title in 1 John, but presupposed by the deity/sonship confessions (5:20); maintain consistency with the Romans 10:9 confession pattern (İsa Rəbdir) wherever Christ’s lordship is implied.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Xilas
Transliteration: khee-LAHS
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: nicat (Imamate-intercession framing), cənnətə girmək (entering paradise)
Original: σωτηρία (conceptual; cf. σωτήρ, 4:14)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Root of Xilaskar/Savior (4:14, see new entry). Must not be diluted into nicat-style deferred hope tied to Imamate intercession.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Salehlik
Transliteration: sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: saleh əməllər (righteous deeds, as the ground itself)
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 1:9 God’s own faithful and righteous character (saleh) is the ground of forgiveness; in 2:29/3:7,10 righteous practice is the mark, not the ground, of new birth. Never collapse into saleh əməllər.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Vasitəçilik
Transliteration: vah-see-tah-chee-LEEK
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: şəfaət (Shia doctrine of Imam intercession), təvəssül (seeking mediated access to God through a saint or Imam)
Original: cf. παράκλητος (2:1)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly, as the conceptual root underlying the concrete Advocate title in 1 John 2:1 (see advocate entry below). Never rendered with şəfaət or təvəssül.
Love Of God
Approved rendering: Məhəbbət
Transliteration: mah-hab-BAT
Doctrine: God is Love
Rejected alternatives: kərəm (Sufi/devotional generosity, conditional), mərhəmət (mercy, conditional; reserved for ordinary human compassion only, see compassion entry), Allahda məhəbbət var (God has love, reduces identity-claim to a conditioned attribute)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: God
NEW. Qur’anic al-Wadud frames divine love as one conditional attribute among ninety-nine, withheld from disbelievers/transgressors (Qur’an 3:31-32). ‘Allah məhəbbətdir’ (God is love, 4:8,16) must always be rendered as a full identity-predication, never softened. Core passage term (4:7-21).
Light Of God
Approved rendering: İşıq
Transliteration: ee-SHUHG
Doctrine: God is Light
Rejected alternatives: Nur (Shia devotional Nur-i Məhəmmədi, pre-existent light through Muhammad and the Twelve Imams)
Original: φῶς
Category: God
NEW. NEVER render as Nur. God’s own unchanging moral-relational nature (1:5), the ethical basis for ‘walking in the light’ (1:7). Must be paired antithetically with Qaranlıq (darkness), never Nur even in poetic contexts.
Advocate
Approved rendering: Vasitəçi
Transliteration: vah-see-tah-CHEE
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: şəfaət (Shia Imamate intercession), təvəssül (mediated saintly access to God)
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ himself as the believer’s sole, sufficient legal Advocate before the Father when sin occurs (2:1). Never presented as one intercessor among several available mediators, unlike the Shia Imamate-intercession framework.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: Kəffarə qurbanı
Transliteration: kaf-fah-RAH koor-bah-NUH
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: bare kəffarə (Islamic legal-jurisprudence self-performed compensatory duty, e.g. for a broken oath)
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ himself, sent by the Father, as the atoning sacrifice for sins (2:2; 4:10, core passage). Bare kəffarə alone is a human-performed legal remedy; must always pair with qurban to reframe as God’s own gift received by faith, never a human religious obligation discharged.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: Antixrist
Transliteration: an-teekh-REEST
Doctrine: Antichrist and the Spirit of Deception
Rejected alternatives: Yalançı Məsih (bare, without qualification)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW. Retain as a transliterated loanword. Must never be equated with Dajjal (al-Masih ad-Dajjal), the singular future deceiver of Shia/Sunni eschatology defeated by the returning Imam Mahdi or Jesus. 1 John’s antichrists (2:18,22; 4:3) are plural, present, identified by a doctrinal confession-test, not a single future battle figure.
Parousia
Approved rendering: (İsa Məsihin) gəlişi
Transliteration: ee-SAH mah-see-HEEN gah-lee-SHEE
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: zühur (the awaited reappearance of the Hidden Twelfth Imam in Twelver Shia eschatology)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Christ’s future coming/appearing (2:28), for which believers are to have confidence rather than shame. NEVER use zühur, a doctrinally central and emotionally powerful concept for Azerbaijan’s dominant tradition.
Savior
Approved rendering: Xilaskar
Transliteration: khee-lahs-KAHR
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ’s identity as the one who accomplishes salvation for the world (4:14, core passage). Built directly on the baseline’s Critical Xilas root; inherits the full doctrinal weight against nicat-style deferred salvation.
Only Son
Approved rendering: Yeganə Oğul
Transliteration: yeh-gah-NAH oh-OOL
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any phrase built on a literal ‘doğulan’ (born/begotten) root
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology
NEW. The singular, non-generic, eternal Son sent by the Father (4:9, core passage). Emphasizes uniqueness of kind/relationship, never literal biological begetting, which Qur’an 112:3 explicitly denies. Never use a begetting-root compound.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: Arxayınlıq / Cəsarət
Transliteration: ahr-khah-yuhn-LUHK / jah-sah-RAHT
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Settled, present-tense confidence about one’s standing before God, including at the day of judgment (2:28; 3:21; 4:17,core passage; 5:14). Directly parallel to the baseline’s Critical assurance_of_salvation entry; must not be softened into tentative or probabilistic hope. Use as a paired, didactically-explained term — no single AZ word covers both senses of παρρησία.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Əbədi həyat
Transliteration: ah-bah-DEE hah-YAHT
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: Cənnət həyatı (deferred, merit/deeds-weighed Paradise-life)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eternal life as a present, known possession (1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11,13,20). 5:13’s explicit present-tense ‘you may know you have’ must render with full present-tense certainty, not deferred hope.
True God
Approved rendering: Həqiqi Allah
Transliteration: hah-kee-KEE ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἀληθινὸς θεός
Category: Christology
NEW. ‘This is the true God and eternal life’ (5:20), among the most direct deity-of-Christ statements in the NT, structurally parallel to the baseline’s Critical Romans 9:5 entry. Render plainly, referent to Christ preserved and unsoftened; pastoral framing belongs only in surrounding teaching text.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: Həyat Sözü
Transliteration: hah-YAHT suh-ZEW
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: bare transliteration of logos (theologically opaque to this audience)
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
NEW. Title for Christ as the eternal, personal self-expression of God, now made audible, visible, touchable (1:1). Direct extension of the baseline’s incarnation and son_of_god entries; among the sharpest tawhid-collision points in the epistle’s opening lines.
Flesh Incarnation
Approved rendering: Bədən(də)
Transliteration: bah-DAHN-dah
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: σάρξ (ἐν σαρκὶ)
Category: Christology
NEW. ‘Jesus Christ has come in the flesh’ (4:2, core passage) — the precise confessional content distinguishing the true Spirit from the spirit of antichrist. Direct extension of the baseline’s incarnation entry; affirm plainly, opposing any disguise/mere-appearance reading.
Spirit Generic
Approved rendering: Ruh (generic) / Müqəddəs Ruh (Holy Spirit)
Transliteration: ROOKH / myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: πνεῦμα (plural/generic uses)
Category: God
NEW. Context-sensitive πνεῦμα: the Spirit of God, generic ‘spirits’ to be tested, or ‘the spirit of antichrist/error’ (4:1-6). Every occurrence must be checked for which sense is active; use lowercase Ruh for generic/deceiving spirits and capitalized, qualified Müqəddəs Ruh only for the Holy Spirit, applied with total consistency.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: etiqad (doctrinal conviction/creed)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 5:1,4-5,10,13 the object of İman must remain explicit (Jesus as Christ/Son of God), never collapsing into Shia iman’s broader Imamate-inclusive creedal sense.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAHKH
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: xəta (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. 1 John 1:8,10 directly rebuts any ‘I have no sin’ self-assessment, sharpening the baseline’s note about fitrə-based anthropology resisting universal, inherited sinfulness.
Adoption
Approved rendering: Övladlığa götürülmə
Transliteration: ohv-lahd-luh-AH gur-tuh-ryool-MAY
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: övladlıq (bare, without doctrinal qualifier)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly, as the conceptual parallel to 1 John’s τέκνα θεοῦ (‘children of God,’ 3:1-2,10). 1 John itself uses birth-language (γεννάω, see born_of_god below), not this Pauline term directly; keep the övlad root shared but flag the distinct Greek term per occurrence.
Holy
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS
Doctrine: God is Light
Rejected alternatives: təmiz (ritually clean)
Original: ἅγιος (implicit; cf. φῶς theme)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Ties directly into the ‘God is light’ theme (1:5) and ‘walking in the light’ ethical basis (1:7).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Ünsiyyət
Transliteration: ewn-see-YAHT
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: qardaşlıq (brotherhood, generic/civic)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; translation copied exactly, but RISK RE-TIERED from baseline Low to High for this curriculum. Grounded reason: 1 John makes κοινωνία a named central doctrine (1:3-7) at risk of flattening into secular civic qardaşlıq-style belonging or Sufi tariqah-style master/disciple communal bonds, rather than 1:6-7’s specific walking-in-the-light shared life with God and others.
Law
Approved rendering: Qanun
Transliteration: kah-NOON
Doctrine: (background; not directly used in 1 John)
Rejected alternatives: şəriət (Islamic religious law)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly, for completeness. Not directly used in 1 John; 3:4’s ἀνομία (lawlessness) is a distinct, general moral term built on this root but must not be conflated with the Mosaic-Law-specific referent — see lawlessness entry below.
World
Approved rendering: Dünya
Transliteration: dewn-YAH
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: κόσμος
Category: World
NEW. Context-sensitive: (1) the created world God loves and sent his Son to save (4:9,14), (2) the fallen world-system opposed to the Father, to be overcome (2:15-17). One AZ word carries both senses; flag every occurrence for sense-disambiguation in teaching notes — no lexical fix exists.
Anointing
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs Ruhun məshi
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS roo-HOON mash-HEE
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: bare məsh (Islamic fiqh term for ritual wiping over footwear/turban during wudu ablution)
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The Holy Spirit’s teaching presence enabling discernment of truth from the antichrists’ lies (2:20,27). Never use bare məsh; always use the full qualifying phrase.
Abide
Approved rendering: Qalmaq
Transliteration: gahl-MAKH
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: μένω
Category: Fellowship
NEW. 1 John’s dominant relational-continuity verb (~24 occurrences: 2:6,10,14,17,19,24,27-28; 3:6,9,14-15,17,24; 4:12-13,15-16). Risk of conflation with Sufi mystical-union concepts (fana, wahdat al-wujud — the self dissolving into the divine); must be taught as relational, covenantal, personal indwelling preserving distinct personhood, never ontological merger.
Know Relational
Approved rendering: Tanımaq
Transliteration: tah-nuh-MAKH
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: bilmək (bare factual knowledge, insufficient for the relational sense)
Original: γινώσκω
Category: Fellowship
NEW. Relational, experiential, covenantal knowledge of God (2:3-5,13-14,29; 3:1,6,16,19-20,24; 4:2,6-8,13,16), inseparable from a life of love. Risk of conflation with marifah/irfan (Sufi/Shia mystical gnosis via ascetic discipline or Imamate-mediated guidance); 1 John’s knowing is granted through new birth, evidenced by love.
Born Of God
Approved rendering: (Allahdan) doğulmaq
Transliteration: ahl-lahkh-DAHN doh-ool-MAKH
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: γεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Spiritual regeneration/new birth (2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1,4,18) — the source of love for others, victory over the world, and freedom from habitual sin. MUST be explicitly distinguished, every occurrence, from any claim about God’s own generative nature (Qur’an 112:3, ‘He neither begets nor is begotten’); this describes the believer’s regeneration, not God producing biological offspring. Cross-reference the baseline’s adoption entry.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın övladları
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN ohv-lahd-lah-RUH
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Believers’ present relational-legal identity and status (3:1-2,10). Reuses the övlad root from the baseline’s adoption entry for consistency; same tawhid-adjacent caution applies as with born_of_god.
Confess
Approved rendering: Etiraf etmək
Transliteration: eh-tee-RAHF et-MAKH
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin / Antichrist and the Spirit of Deception
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Confession
NEW. Context-sensitive dual-object verb: confessing sin (1:9) vs. confessing/acknowledging Christ’s incarnate identity (2:23; 4:2-3,15) — same Greek verb ὁμολογέω, two distinct theological objects. Verify per occurrence, exactly as the baseline treats ‘called.’ The confession of Christ in 4:2-3 carries the epistle’s central doctrinal test and must never be softened.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: Təmizləmək
Transliteration: tah-meez-lah-MAKH
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: paklanma (ritual purification, wudu/ghusl-adjacent)
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Confession
NEW. God’s moral-forensic cleansing following confession (1:7,9), not ritual washing. Parallels the baseline’s rejection of paklanma for sanctification.
Commandment
Approved rendering: Əmr
Transliteration: AMR
Doctrine: Obedience to Commandments as Evidence of Knowing God
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Ethics
NEW. A binding command received from Christ, especially the love-command (2:3-4,7-8; 3:22-24; 4:21; 5:2-3). Shares vocabulary directly with the Islamic legal-religious əmr/əhkam system; must be taught, cross-referencing the baseline’s obedience_of_faith entry, as flowing from an already-secured love relationship, never as an independent legal duty establishing standing before God.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: Hökm günü
Transliteration: HOOKM gew-NEW
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: Qiyamət günü (standard Islamic term, loaded with mizan/deeds-scale and hoped-for-intercession apparatus)
Original: ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The future day for which believers may have confidence rather than shame (4:17, core passage). Hökm günü keeps the concept recognizable while avoiding the specific Islamic doctrinal apparatus.
Overcome
Approved rendering: Qələbə çalmaq / Üstün gəlmək
Transliteration: gah-lah-BAH chahl-MAKH
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω
Category: World
NEW. Spiritual victory over the world-system (2:13-14; 4:4, core passage; 5:4-5). Risk of conflation with jihad al-nafs (Islamic ascetic-effort framework). 5:4-5 explicitly grounds victory in new birth and faith, not self-effort — this contrast must be made explicit in teaching material.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: Ölümə aparan günah / Ölümə aparmayan günah
Transliteration: oh-lew-MAH ah-pah-RAHN goo-NAHKH
Doctrine: Sin unto Death (Intercessory Prayer Distinction)
Rejected alternatives: equating with kabira/sağira (Islamic major/minor sin distinction), equating with shirk as the specific unforgivable sin, Qur’an 4:48
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον / μὴ πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
NEW. A difficult, debated distinction regarding intercessory prayer’s efficacy (5:16-17). Must not be equated with the Islamic major/minor sin taxonomy or shirk-as-unforgivable-sin — different theological categories. Flag for theologian review on every occurrence.
Behold Touch
Approved rendering: Görmək / Əl ilə toxunmaq
Transliteration: gyor-MAKH / al ee-LAH toh-khoon-MAKH
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: compressing the sensory chain into a single generic ‘witnessed’
Original: θεάομαι / ψηλαφάω
Category: Christology
NEW. The emphatic sensory-verification verb cluster (heard, seen, looked upon, touched, 1:1) establishing Christ’s physical, bodily reality against docetic-style denial. Retain all distinct verbs; connects directly to the 4:2-3 confession test.
Desire Of Flesh
Approved rendering: Bədən həvəsi / Nəfsani istək
Transliteration: bah-DAHN hah-vah-SEE
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: bare nəfs (heavily loaded Sufi/Islamic ascetic-discipline term for the lower self, disciplined via jihad al-nafs)
Original: ἐπιθυμία (τῆς σαρκός)
Category: World
NEW. ‘The desire of the flesh, the desire of the eyes, and the pride of life’ (2:16), characterizing the world-system’s values. 1 John’s point is relational, not primarily a call to ascetic self-discipline; avoid bare nəfs as the primary gloss.
Last Hour
Approved rendering: Axırıncı saat / Son vaxt
Transliteration: ah-khuh-ruhn-JUH sah-AHT
Doctrine: Antichrist and the Spirit of Deception
Rejected alternatives: axırzaman (loaded with the Hidden Twelfth Imam’s zühur expectation)
Original: ἐσχάτη ὥρα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. An already-inaugurated eschatological reality evidenced by antichrists now (2:18), not a single future countdown climax. Teach as present reality, avoiding axırzaman as the primary gloss.
Believe
Approved rendering: İnanmaq
Transliteration: ee-nahn-MAKH
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: πιστεύω
Category: Faith
NEW. Personal, settled trust in the specific reality that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and in the love God has for us (4:16, core passage; 5:1,5,10,13). Built on the İman root; the object of belief must remain explicit per occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: Sülh
Transliteration: SYULKH
Doctrine: (not directly used in 1 John)
Rejected alternatives: rahatlıq (inner calm/comfort)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly, listed for completeness. No occurrence identified in 1 John.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Millətlər
Transliteration: mil-lat-LAIR
Doctrine: (not used in 1 John)
Rejected alternatives: kafirlər (unbelievers/infidels), bütpərəstlər (idolaters, archaic)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly, listed for completeness. 1 John does not address the Jew/Gentile distinction directly.
Darkness
Approved rendering: Qaranlıq
Transliteration: gah-rahn-LUHG
Doctrine: God is Light
Original: σκότος / σκοτία
Category: God
NEW. The ethical/relational opposite of God’s light (1:5; 2:8-11). Plain word, low collision risk on its own, but must always be paired antithetically with İşıq (never Nur) to keep the light-darkness contrast intact.
Seed Of God
Approved rendering: Toxum
Transliteration: toh-KHOOM
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The implanted divine nature/Spirit producing freedom from habitual sin (3:9). Figurative for the implanted new nature, not a literal procreative substance; must be glossed on first occurrence to avoid the same collision risk as born_of_god, in miniature.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: Qanunsuzluq
Transliteration: kah-noon-sooz-LOOK
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. Built on the baseline’s Qanun root, but denotes a general moral-order violation (3:4: ‘sin is lawlessness’), not the Mosaic Law specifically. Do not let teaching material imply this verse discusses Torah-observance debates.
Testify Witness
Approved rendering: Şahidlik etmək / Şahidlik
Transliteration: shah-heed-LEEK et-MAKH
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Apostolic eyewitness testimony to the incarnate, sent Son (1:2; 4:14), and the threefold witness of Spirit, water, and blood (5:6-11). Shares a root with Şəhadət, the Islamic creedal confession formula, but denotes evidentiary eyewitness testimony, not fixed creedal recitation — a genuine resonance point once distinguished. Flag 5:6-11 for theologian review regardless, due to exegetical difficulty.
Torment
Approved rendering: Əzab
Transliteration: ah-ZAHB
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: κόλασις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Anxious dread of punishment displaced by mature love (4:18, core passage). Əzab is a standard, widely shared Islamic eschatological term; here it denotes anxious psychological dread specifically, not a technical description of hell’s torments — clarify context.
Idols
Approved rendering: Bütlər
Transliteration: bewt-LAIR
Doctrine: Rejection of Idolatry
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Sin
NEW. The epistle’s closing exhortation (5:21). A genuine point of resonance with tawhid’s anti-idolatry stance. Teaching material may note the possible extended sense (false conceptions of Christ) without overstating exegetical certainty.
Truth
Approved rendering: Həqiqət
Transliteration: hah-kee-KAT
Doctrine: Truth and Falsehood in Doctrine
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Testing the Spirits
NEW. Factual truth and moral integrity; in Johannine usage, the substance of true doctrine about Christ (1:6,8; 2:4,21; 3:18-19; 4:6; 5:6). Needs contextual reinforcement wherever functioning as a technical Johannine category, not merely general honesty.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: Yalançı peyğəmbərlər
Transliteration: yah-lahn-CHUH pay-gam-bair-LAIR
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Testing the Spirits
NEW. Those falsely claiming to speak for God (4:1). Built on the baseline’s Peyğəmbər root — precisely the category Islamic theology places Jesus into; clarify this concerns specific false claims about Christ’s identity, not the category of true prophethood generally.
Spirit Of Error
Approved rendering: Yanılma ruhu
Transliteration: yah-nuhl-MAH roo-HOO
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: τὸ τῆς πλάνης πνεῦμα
Category: Testing the Spirits
NEW. The influence/source behind deceptive teaching, contrasted with the Spirit of truth (4:6). Must remain lowercase and never visually/typographically blur with Müqəddəs Ruh.
Compassion
Approved rendering: Mərhəmət
Transliteration: mar-hah-MAT
Doctrine: Love Expressed in Deed and Truth
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Love
NEW. Visceral compassion/pity toward a needy brother (3:17). Distinct from the baseline’s rejection of mərhəmət as a substitute for grace (Lütf) in salvation contexts; here it denotes ordinary human compassion, an entirely appropriate usage kept out of the grace/love-identity slot (see love_of_god).
Lay Down Life
Approved rendering: Canını qoymaq / Həyatını fəda etmək
Transliteration: jah-nuh-NUH koy-MAKH
Doctrine: Love Expressed in Deed and Truth
Original: ψυχὴν τιθέναι
Category: Love
NEW. Christ’s laying down his life as the definition and pattern of love (3:16), which believers likewise ought to imitate. The natural Azerbaijani idiom must retain the self-sacrificial theological weight, not a merely figurative reading.
Brother
Approved rendering: Qardaş
Transliteration: gahr-DAHSH
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: abstract collective ‘qardaşlıq’ forms drifting toward ethnic-civic/pan-Turkic association
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Love
NEW. The concrete, visible fellow believer whose treatment tests one’s invisible love for God (2:9-11; 3:10-17; 4:20-21, core passage). Individual usage (qardaş) is appropriate and warm; avoid abstract-collective renderings that lose the Christ-centered referent.
Blood
Approved rendering: Qan
Transliteration: GAHN
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
NEW. The sacrificial-atoning blood of Jesus that cleanses believers from all sin (1:7), tied to ἱλασμός/propitiation (2:2; 4:10). Plain word; sacrificial-cultic background needs brief explanatory teaching support for readers without OT exposure.
Test Spirits
Approved rendering: Sınamaq
Transliteration: suh-nah-MAKH
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: δοκιμάζω (τὰ πνεύματα)
Category: Testing the Spirits
NEW. The command to test spirits for authenticity rather than believe every claim to speak for God (4:1). Some resonance with discerning a Sufi shaykh’s legitimacy, usable pastorally, but John’s test is doctrinal-confessional (4:2-3), not experiential/charismatic.
Manifest
Approved rendering: Zahir olmaq / Göstərilmək
Transliteration: zah-HEER ohl-MAKH
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
NEW. God’s love and Christ’s saving purpose made historically visible (4:9, core passage), and Christ’s future/past appearing (3:2,5,8). Must not be flattened into merely symbolic disclosure; the dual past/future usage requires careful tense-marking.
Sent
Approved rendering: Göndərmək
Transliteration: gyon-dair-MAKH
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀποστέλλω
Category: Christology
NEW. The Father’s deliberate sending of the Son on a saving mission (4:9-10,14, core passage). Cognate of ἀπόστολος (baseline: Həvari); keep parallel with Incarnation language so ‘sending’ is not misread as a temporary angelic visitation.
Obligation Ought
Approved rendering: Borcumuzdur / Borcluyuq
Transliteration: bor-joo-mooz-DOOR
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Love
NEW. Love for others as a debt-of-response to grace already received (4:11, core passage), not an independent meritorious duty. Cross-reference the baseline’s obedience_of_faith entry.
Perfected
Approved rendering: Kamil olmaq / Tamamlanmaq
Transliteration: kah-MEEL ohl-MAKH
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: τελειόω
Category: Love
NEW. Love reaching its intended, mature expression through concrete acts of love for others (4:12,17-18, core passage), not sinless moral perfection. Must not be confused with an achievement of flawless moral perfection.
Fear
Approved rendering: Qorxu
Transliteration: gohr-KHOO
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: φόβος
Category: Assurance
NEW. The anxious dread of condemnation that mature, perfected love displaces (4:18, core passage). Distinguish pastorally from reverent ‘fear of God’ language used positively elsewhere in Scripture.
Beginning
Approved rendering: Başlanğıc
Transliteration: bahsh-lahn-GUHJ
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀρχή
Category: Christology
NEW. The eternal, pre-existent origin of the Word of Life (1:1), echoing John’s Gospel prologue. Must retain the eternal-preexistence resonance, not read as merely the start of Jesus’ earthly ministry.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: Bağışlamaq / Bağışlanma
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-lah-MAKH / bah-uhsh-lahn-MAH
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: Saleh sayılma used as if interchangeable with forgiveness (conflates forensic justification with the distinct act of forgiving confessed sin)
NEW — identified as a genuine vocabulary gap in 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md. God’s act of forgiving confessed sin (1:9), a plain positive verb/noun distinct from the baseline’s Critical forensic-declaration phrase Saleh sayılma (justification). Must be taught as related to but not synonymous with justification; do not merge the two categories.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: Nəsihət vermək
Transliteration: nah-see-HAHT ver-MAKH
Doctrine: (epistolary tone)
Original: παρακαλέω (root; cf. epistolary address forms)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 1 John, reflects the warm pastoral address forms (‘little children,’ ‘beloved’) used throughout, especially chapters 2 and 4-5.
Devil
Approved rendering: İblis / Şeytan
Transliteration: ee-BLEES / shay-TAHN
Doctrine: (background sin/spiritual-conflict)
Original: διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός
Category: Sin
NEW. The personal figure of Satan, the source and pattern of sin (3:8,10; 5:18-19). Shared vocabulary with Islamic tradition (Iblis is a named Qur’anic figure) — a general point of resonance; minor fall-narrative background differences noted but not requiring a different term.
Liar
Approved rendering: Yalançı
Transliteration: yah-lahn-CHUH
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Testing the Spirits
NEW. One who falsely claims to love God while hating his brother, or who denies Christ’s identity (2:22; 4:20, core passage). Doctrinally forceful but linguistically simple.
Referenced passages