Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Matthew 1–28
Destination Language: Azerbaijani
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the whole book of Matthew (chapters 1–28), including the verse-by-verse core passage (Matthew 5:1–12).
Status column key:
- [BASELINE] — term and rendering already fixed in the Romans
translation_memory.json; reused here EXACTLY, no deviation permitted. - [NEW] — term newly introduced for the Matthew curriculum; rendering proposed here and pending addition to translation memory (to be incremented into
translation_memory.jsonversion 2 in Phase 1 Step 8/Phase 2 pre-flight).
Risk tiers (Critical / High / Medium / Low) follow the same definitions as doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Table 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Package
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Azerbaijani Rendering | Risk | Matthew Occurrences (representative) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | Allah | Critical | throughout | No deviation from IBT convention. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | İsa | Critical | throughout | Always paired with Məsih in doctrinally significant contexts (per baseline rule). |
| Messiah/Christ | Χριστός | Məsih | Critical | 1:1,16-18; 2:4; 16:16,20; 22:42; 23:10; 24:5,23; 26:63,68; 27:17,22 | Matthew’s genealogical/covenantal grounding (ch.1) supplies the full content the bare Qur’anic title lacks. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Allahın Oğlu | Critical | 3:17; 4:3,6; 8:29; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54 | Never softened to a servant/prophet euphemism; distinguish from believers’ derived “sons of God” (5:9, 45; see Table 2). |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Müqəddəs Ruh | Critical | 1:18,20; 3:11,16; 12:31-32; 28:19 | Never equated with Cəbrail (Gabriel); teach as third Person of Trinity at first occurrence per lesson. |
| Father | πατήρ | Ata | Critical | 5:16,45,48; 6:9; 7:11; 11:27; 28:19 | Relational, adoptive sense taught directly; not retreated to “Yaradan.” |
| Lord | κύριος | Rəbb | Critical | 7:21-22; 8:2,25; 21:3; 22:44 | Exclusive, supreme lordship; connects forward to Romans 10:9’s İsa Rəbdir. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω | Diriliş | Critical | 22:23-33; 27:53; 28:1-10 | Requires real prior death (ch.27); never a no-death ascension. |
| Faith | πίστις | İman | High | 8:10; 9:2,22,29; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21 | Object of faith (Jesus) always contextually explicit. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | Salehlik | Critical | 3:15; 5:6,10,20; 6:33; 21:32 | Never equated with saleh əməllər as the ground of standing. |
| Law | νόμος | Qanun | High | 5:17-18; 7:12; 22:36,40; 23:23 | Never şəriət; refers to the Mosaic Law which Jesus fulfills. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | Günah | High | 1:21; 3:6; 9:2-6; 26:28 | Universal human accountability background applies as in baseline. |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | Millətlər | Medium | 4:15; 10:5,18; 12:18,21; 20:19; 24:9,14; 28:19 | Ethnically neutral term; ties to Great Commission’s “all nations.” |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Allahın Padşahlığı | Medium/Critical* | 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 | *Elevated to Critical in Matthew context because of its functional equivalence with the new Göylərin Padşahlığı term (see Table 2) — must be taught as the same reality. |
| Prophet | προφήτης | Peyğəmbər | High | 1:22; 2:5,15,17,23; 5:12,17; 7:12; 13:57; 21:11,46; 23:29-37 | OT prophets’ forerunner role distinguished from Christ’s own unique identity. |
| Prophecy | προφητεία | Peyğəmbərlik sözü | Medium | implied throughout fulfillment quotations | See also new “fulfillment formula” entry, Table 2. |
| Covenant | διαθήκη | Əhd | High* | 26:28 | *Elevated to High in Matthew (from Medium in baseline) given its direct pairing with “blood” in the Last Supper — see Table 2. |
| David | Δαβίδ | Davud | Medium | 1:1,6,17,20; 9:27; 12:3,23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45 | Established proper name; frequent messianic-title base (see Son of David, Table 2). |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | İsrail | Medium | 2:6,20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6,23; 15:24,31; 19:28; 27:9,42 | Same contemporary-politics caution as baseline. |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | Kilsə | Medium | 16:18; 18:17 | First NT occurrences of the term applied to Jesus’ community. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | Həvari | Medium | 10:2 | The Twelve named and commissioned; guard against Imamate-successor mapping. |
| Called/Calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | Çağırılmış / Çağırış | High | 4:21 (implied); 22:14 | ”Many are called, but few are chosen” (22:14) — context-sensitive per baseline note. |
| Election | ἐκλογή (concept) | Seçilmə | High | 22:14; 24:22,24,31 (“the elect”) | Sovereign, personal choosing; never qismət/yazı. |
| Glory | δόξα | Ehtişam | High | 6:29; 16:27; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31 | Never nur (Shia Imamate-light associations). |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | Sülh | Medium | 5:9; 10:13,34 | Distinguished from rahatlıq (comfort) — see “rest,” Table 2. |
Table 2 — New Matthew-Specific Terms (Full Field Treatment)
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Azerbaijani Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Passages | Rendering Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | basileia tōn ouranōn | ”reign of the heavens” | Göylərin Padşahlığı | Critical | Kingdom of Heaven | 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 13 (parables); 18:1-4; 19:14,23; 23:13 | Functionally = baseline Allahın Padşahlığı. Must not collapse into Cənnət (Paradise/afterlife destination); teach as God’s present-and-coming sovereign reign. |
| Son of David | υἱὸς Δαβίδ | huios Dabid | ”son of David” | Davudun Oğlu | High | Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David | 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45 | Must be paired with Əhd (covenant) each time to avoid a bare-genealogy reading lacking messianic-covenant content. |
| Emmanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ | Emmanouēl | ”God with us” | İmmanuel (Allah bizimlədir) | Critical | Incarnation | 1:23; (echoed 28:20) | Direct, plain incarnation statement; forms inclusio with 28:20. |
| Virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | ”virgin” | Bakirə | Medium | Incarnation | 1:23,25 | Point of Qur’anic resonance (19:20); teach the accompanying deity claim the Qur’an denies. |
| Fulfillment formula | ἵνα/ὅπως πληρωθῇ | hina/hopōs plērōthē | ”so that it might be fulfilled” | yerinə yetsin / yerinə yetmək üçün | High | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9 | Cumulative, converging fulfillment culminating in Christ; contrast with successive self-contained prophets. |
| King of the Jews | Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | Basileus tōn Ioudaiōn | ”King of the Jews” | Yəhudilərin Padşahı | Medium | Kingdom of Heaven / Messianic Promise | 2:2; 27:11,29,37 | Political-messianic title framing the whole Gospel narrative arc. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | ”change of mind” | Tövbə | Medium | Kingdom preaching / Discipleship | 3:2,8,11; 4:17 | Genuine resonance term; fill with NT kingdom-oriented, Christ-oriented content, not sharia-performance framing. |
| Baptism / baptize | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | ”immersion” | Vəftiz / vəftiz etmək | Critical | Great Commission | 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19 | Never confused with ritual ablution (dəstəmaz/qüsl); carries full Trinitarian significance by 28:19. |
| Devil | διάβολος | diabolos | ”slanderer, accuser” | İblis | Medium | Cost of Discipleship / spiritual conflict | 4:1,5,8,11; 13:39; 25:41 | Shared Qur’anic proper name; teach as decisively subdued by Christ’s authority. |
| Satan | σατανᾶς | satanas | ”adversary” (transliterated proper name) | Şeytan | Medium | as above | 4:10; 12:26; 16:23 | Used interchangeably with διάβολος in Matthew. |
| Disciple | μαθητής | mathētēs | ”learner, pupil” | Şagird | High | Discipleship and Cost of Following | 5:1; 8:21-23; 9:9; 10:1; 28:19 | Must not be rendered mürid (Sufi master-disciple term); fill with total, life-reorienting allegiance. |
| Blessed (Beatitude formula) | μακάριος | makarios | ”blessed, fortunate” | Nə bəxtiyardır | Medium | Kingdom of Heaven / Beatitudes | 5:3-11 (9x) | Guard against fatalistic “luck” (bəxt) reading; teach as God’s deliberate favor. |
| Poor in spirit | πτωχὸς τῷ πνεύματι | ptōchos tō pneumati | ”beggarly-poor in spirit” | Ruhda yoxsul | High | Kingdom of Heaven | 5:3 | Spiritual, not material, poverty; connects to grace/lütf doctrine. |
| Meek | πραΰς | praus | ”gentle strength” | Həlim | Medium | Beatitudes / Christlikeness | 5:5; 11:29; 21:5 | Teach as disciplined strength, not passive weakness. |
| Merciful/mercy | ἐλεήμων / ἔλεος | eleēmōn / eleos | ”showing compassion” | Mərhəmətlilər / Mərhəmət | Medium | Beatitudes | 5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 18:33 | Distinct from baseline Lütf (grace); mercy is compassion toward the needy/guilty, not the deeper unearned-favor category. |
| Pure in heart | καθαρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ | katharos tē kardia | ”clean in the heart” | Ürəyi təmiz olanlar | High | Beatitudes / Sanctification | 5:8; 15:11,17-20 | Inner moral purity, not ritual cleanness (unlike baseline’s rejection of təmiz for “holy”); must be distinguished by context. |
| Peacemakers | εἰρηνοποιός | eirēnopoios | ”peace-maker” | Sülh yaradanlar | Low | Beatitudes | 5:9 | Active reconciler; built cleanly on baseline Sülh. |
| Sons of God (believers, derived) | υἱοὶ Θεοῦ | huioi theou | ”sons of God” | Allahın övladları | Critical | Beatitudes / Adoption | 5:9,45 | MUST be kept visibly distinct from the unique Allahın Oğlu (Christ); use övlad (child), not Oğul. |
| Persecuted (for righteousness/for me) | διώκω / ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ | diōkō / heneken emou | ”pursued with hostility” / “on account of me” | təqib olunmaq / mənə görə | High | Discipleship and Cost of Following | 5:10-12; 10:16-33 | Personal, Christ-centered ground of suffering; pastoral (not legal-agitation) framing required. |
| Reward | μισθός | misthos | ”wages, recompense” | Mükafat | High | Beatitudes / Grace vs. Works | 5:12; 6:1-6; 10:41-42; 20:1-16 | Fruit of grace-secured relationship, never an earned wage establishing standing before God. |
| Fulfill (the Law) | πληρόω | plēroō | ”to fill up, complete” | yerinə yetirmək | Critical | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy / Authority of Teaching | 5:17 | Jesus fulfills/intensifies, not annuls, the Law; no parallel to şəriət’s comprehensive framework. |
| Righteousness exceeding the Pharisees | (5:20 concept) | — | — | Fərisey salehliyindən üstün salehlik | Critical | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5:20-48 | Deeper, grace-enabled heart-righteousness, never “more saleh əməllər.” |
| Gehenna / hell | γέεννα | geenna | Valley of Hinnom; judgment imagery | Cəhənnəm | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33 | Shared term/resonance; clarify NT ground of judgment (rejection of Christ) vs. deeds-ledger/intercession framework. |
| Perfect | τέλειος | teleios | ”complete, mature” | Kamil | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5:48; 19:21 | Guard against Sufi “kamil insan” self-attained mystical perfection; teach as grace-grounded Christlikeness. |
| Forgive / debts | ἀφίημι / ὀφειλήματα | aphiēmi / opheilēmata | ”to release/let go” / “debts owed” | bağışlamaq / borclar | Medium | Grace / Forgiveness | 6:12,14-15; 18:21-35 | Human forgiveness is fruit of, not precondition for, God’s prior forgiveness. |
| Mammon | μαμωνᾶς | mamōnas | ”wealth” (personified) | Mamona | Low | Discipleship priorities | 6:24 | Low-risk idolatry-of-wealth personification. |
| Narrow gate | στενή πύλη | stenē pylē | ”narrow gate” | dar qapı | Medium | Discipleship and Cost of Following | 7:13-14 | Preserve exclusivity (“few find it”) against softening pressure. |
| Judge / judgment | κρίνω / κρίσις | krinō / krisis | ”to judge / judgment” | hökm etmək / mühakimə | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 7:1-2; 12:36; 24-25 | Christ’s unique judging authority, not diffused across intercessory figures. |
| False prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης | pseudoprophētēs | ”false prophet” | Yalançı peyğəmbər | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Discernment | 7:15; 24:11,24 | Built on baseline Peyğəmbər. |
| Demon | δαιμόνιον | daimonion | ”evil spirit” | Cin | High | Authority of Jesus / spiritual conflict | 8:16,28-34; 9:33-34; 12:22-28 | Resonance with Qur’anic jinn, but Matthew’s daimonia are uniformly evil and subject to Christ, unlike morally-ambiguous folk jinn. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | ”son of man” (Daniel 7 title) | Bəşər Oğlu | Critical | Jesus as Promised Messiah / Judgment | 8:20; 9:6; 16:13,27-28; 24:30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:64 | Surface “humble human” reading masks the Daniel 7 divine-authority-to-judge claim; must be unpacked at first use. |
| Authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | ”authority, right to act” | Səlahiyyət | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 10:1; 21:23,27; 28:18 | Inherent/self-derived, not delegated by scholarly consensus (contrast with fatwa-authority chains). |
| Forgiveness/authority to forgive sins | ἀφίημι ἁμαρτίας | aphiēmi hamartias | ”to release sins” | günahları bağışlamaq səlahiyyəti | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Justification | 9:2-6 | Jesus personally exercises a divine prerogative; direct deity claim. |
| Blasphemy | βλασφημία | blasphēmia | ”irreverent speech against God” | Küfr | High | Authority of Jesus / Deity of Christ | 9:3; 12:31-32; 26:65 | Strong overlap with Islamic legal-religious category; frame as the narrative’s internal charge, not an invitation to apply it to the text. |
| Confess | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ”to confess, acknowledge” | iqrar etmək | High | Discipleship / Lordship of Christ | 10:32-33 | Forerunner to Romans 10:9’s İsa Rəbdir confession pattern. |
| Cross (take up) | σταυρός | stauros | execution stake/cross | Xaç | Medium | Discipleship and Cost of Following | 10:38; 16:24; 27:32-44 | Established term; explain metaphorical costly-obedience sense before the literal crucifixion narrative. |
| Rest | ἀνάπαυσις | anapausis | ”rest, refreshment” | Rahatlıq / dinclik | Medium | Obedience of Faith / Grace | 11:28-29 | Distinct from Sülh (covenantal peace with God); this is relief from burdensome duty-performance. |
| Yoke | ζυγός | zygos | ”yoke” | Boyunduruq | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Law | 11:29-30 | Rabbinic image for Torah-observance burden; Jesus offers a lighter, grace-enabled alternative. |
| Sabbath | Σάββατον | Sabbaton | ”Sabbath (seventh day)“ | Şənbə | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 12:1-14 | Modern secular usage flattens religious weight; supply Mosaic-law background and “Lord of the Sabbath” authority claim. |
| Parable | παραβολή | parabolē | ”a placing beside; comparison” | Məsəl | Medium | Kingdom of Heaven | 13:3-52 (many); 21:33-45; 22:1-14; 25:1-30 | Good resonance term; retain revelatory/kingdom-disclosure function. |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | ”hidden thing now disclosed” | Sirr | High | Kingdom of Heaven | 13:11 | Guard against Sufi ongoing-esoteric-lineage reading; this is a one-time gospel disclosure, not perpetual secret knowledge. |
| Worship (proskyneō) | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | ”to prostrate, bow in homage” | Səcdə etmək | Critical | Deity of Christ | 2:11; 8:2; 9:18; 14:33; 15:25; 20:20; 28:9,17 | Highest-collision term in the book: səcdə is the exact term for exclusive Islamic prayer-prostration to Allah alone; render faithfully (not softened to “hörmət etmək”) and flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| Tradition | παράδοσις | paradosis | ”that which is handed down” | Ənənə | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 15:2-3,6 | Possible bridge to Qur’an/hadith distinction, but critique is specific to Pharisaic practice, not a blanket anti-tradition polemic. |
| Common/unclean (defilement) | κοινός / καθαρίζω | koinos / katharizō | ”common, defiled” / “to cleanse” | murdar / təmizləmək | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 15:11,17-20 | Relocates defilement from external food categories to the heart; teach carefully against halal/haram purity-code assumptions. |
| Living God (intensifier) | τοῦ ζῶντος Θεοῦ | tou zōntos theou | ”of the living God” | Var olan Allahın / Diri Allahın | Critical | Jesus as Promised Messiah / Deity of Christ | 16:16; 26:63 | Intensifies Allahın Oğlu at Matthew’s fullest single confession of Jesus’ identity. |
| Keys (of the kingdom) | κλεῖς | kleis | ”keys” | Açarlar | Critical | Church and Church Discipline | 16:19 | Guard against Imamate-successor mapping and “keys of paradise” intercessor folk piety; delegated gospel-proclaiming authority, not a perpetual priestly office. |
| Bind and loose | δέω / λύω | deō / lyō | ”to bind” / “to loose” | Bağlamaq və açmaq | Critical | Church and Church Discipline | 16:19; 18:18 | Church ratifies heaven’s prior verdict; not an independent forgiving power; distinct from fatwa-issuing scholarly authority. |
| Transfigured | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | ”to change form” | Görkəmi dəyişdi | Medium | Deity of Christ / Glory | 17:2 | Temporary unveiling of unchanging pre-existent glory, not reincarnation-type change. |
| Church discipline (procedure) | (18:15-17 concept) | — | — | Kilsə intizamı | Critical | Church and Church Discipline | 18:15-17 | Restorative intent; distinguish from state-enforced religious-legal sanction. |
| Stumbling block | σκάνδαλον | skandalon | ”cause of stumbling” | büdrəmə səbəbi | Medium | Church Discipline / Discipleship | 18:6-9 | Vivid millstone-imagery warning. |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | ”life of the age to come” | Əbədi həyat | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age / Salvation | 19:16,29; 25:46 | Received by grace (“with God all things are possible”), not earned through exceptional deeds. |
| Ransom | λύτρον | lytron | ”price paid to redeem” | Fidyə | Critical | Jesus as Promised Messiah (atoning purpose) | 20:28 | Distinct from Islamic legal-compensation fidyə; a one-time substitutionary, life-for-life atoning payment. |
| Servant | διάκονος | diakonos | ”servant, minister” | Xidmətçi | Low-Medium | Discipleship / Christ-modeled greatness | 20:26-28 | Greatness redefined as servanthood. |
| Hosanna | Ὡσαννά | Hōsanna | (Hebrew) “save now!” | Hosanna (retained) | Low | Jesus as Promised Messiah | 21:9,15 | Transliterated liturgical exclamation, per baseline Amin/Halleluya convention. |
| Cornerstone / rejected stone | (Psalm 118 quotation) | — | — | guşə daşı | Medium | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy / Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 21:42-44 | Foreshadows leadership’s rejection of the Messiah and the kingdom’s extension to fruit-bearing peoples. |
| Love (greatest commandment) | ἀγάπη | agapē | ”selfless, willed love” | Məhəbbət | Low-Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 22:37-39 | Broad cross-tradition resonance; tie back to Law-fulfillment and grace as its ground. |
| Hypocrite | ὑποκριτής | hypokritēs | ”stage actor, pretender” | Riyakar | Low-Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 23:13-29 | Strong resonance (riya is a recognized Islamic devotional category too); good bridging term. |
| End of the age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | synteleia tou aiōnos | ”consummation of the age” | Dövrün sonu / Əsrin sonu | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24:3 | Keep distinct from Qiyamət-day eschatological framework and its Mahdi/Twelfth-Imam expectation figures. |
| Coming (Parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | ”arrival, state visit” | Gəliş / qayıdış | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24:3,27,37,39 | FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never “zühur” (the Shia technical term for the Hidden Imam’s reappearance). |
| Eternal punishment | κόλασις αἰώνιος | kolasis aiōnios | ”unending chastisement” | Əbədi cəza | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25:46 | Preserve exact symmetry with Əbədi həyat (eternal life) in the same verse; no implied eventual relief. |
| Body / blood (Lord’s Supper) | σῶμα / αἷμα | sōma / haima | ”body” / “blood” | Bədən / Qan (Əhdin qanı) | Critical | (New: Lord’s Supper / Atonement, undergirding several curriculum doctrines) | 26:26-28 | Avoid both crude literalism (cannibalism objection) and bare-memorial under-translation; teach full covenantal-sacrificial content. |
| All authority | πᾶσα ἐξουσία | pasa exousia | ”all authority” | Bütün səlahiyyət | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Great Commission | 28:18 | Total, cosmic authority; render without qualification. |
| Make disciples | μαθητεύω | mathēteuō | ”to disciple, make a follower” | Şagird etmək | High | The Great Commission | 28:19 | Ties to baseline mission/evangelism doctrines; note Azerbaijani legal sensitivity around proselytizing (təbliğ). |
| Trinitarian baptismal formula | εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | eis to onoma tou Patros kai tou Huiou kai tou Hagiou Pneumatos | ”into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” | Atanın, Oğulun və Müqəddəs Ruhun adı ilə | Critical | The Great Commission / Trinity | 28:19 | The most explicit Trinity statement in Matthew; irreducible collision with tawhid; preserve in full, mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
Table 3 — Chapters Reviewed with No New Theological Vocabulary
The following chapters were fully reviewed against the whole-book analysis in 07_semantic_analysis.md and introduce no new load-bearing theological terms beyond those already catalogued above; they reuse vocabulary from earlier chapters (and the baseline) as noted:
- None. Every chapter of Matthew (1–28) contributed at least one new or newly-contextualized load-bearing term, catalogued in Table 2 above and detailed in the chapter-by-chapter sections of
07_semantic_analysis.md. Chapters with comparatively lighter new-term density (e.g., Chapter 6’s petitionary material beyond “Mammon” and “forgive/debts,” or Chapter 26’s Gethsemane narrative beyond the Last Supper terms) are explicitly noted as such in the semantic analysis rather than omitted.
Summary Risk Counts (Matthew New Terms, Table 2)
| Risk Tier | Count |
|---|---|
| Critical | 20 |
| High | 14 |
| Medium | 16 |
| Low | 4 |
| Total new Matthew terms | 54 |
Combined with the baseline’s existing Romans risk registry, this glossary establishes the full term inventory required before Phase 2 segment translation of Matthew may begin. All Critical and High risk new terms above must be added to translation_memory.json (version increment) and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 processing, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Salehlik
Transliteration: sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: saleh əməllər (righteous deeds, as the ground itself)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Never equated with saleh əməllər as the ground of standing. Inherited from Romans package. Central to Matthew’s Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees doctrine (5:6, 20, 20-48; 6:33; 21:32) — a right standing and right living God himself supplies, not a deeds-ledger classification.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Xilas
Transliteration: khee-LAHS
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: nicat (Imamate-intercession framing), cənnətə girmək (entering paradise)
CRITICAL: A present reality secured by Christ’s finished work. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 1:21 (‘he will save his people from their sins’) and 9:22; 10:22; 19:25; 24:13 all draw on this same present-tense deliverance sense.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Diriliş
Transliteration: dee-ree-LEESH
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: göyə qaldırılma (no-death ascension)
CRITICAL: Requires real bodily death followed by bodily resurrection. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 27’s unambiguous crucifixion-death narrative followed by Matthew 28’s bodily appearances is the fullest direct counter in this book to the Qur’an 4:157 no-death denial; also foreshadowed by the sign of Jonah (12:38-41) and the Sadducee debate (22:23-33).
Lord
Approved rendering: Rəbb
Transliteration: RAHBB
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ağa (master, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Exclusive, supreme divine claim. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 7:21-23’s warning about empty ‘Lord, Lord’ confession without obedience directly anticipates the baseline’s Romans 10:9 Lordship confession pattern (İsa Rəbdir).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Oğlu
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN oh-loo
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allahın sevimli qulu (God’s beloved servant)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Full phrase required, never softened to a servant euphemism. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Matthew’s most explicit deity claims (3:17; 14:33; 16:16; 26:63; 27:54); must remain visibly distinct from believers’ derived, plural ‘sons of God’ (Allahın övladları) at 5:9, 45.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Bədən alma
Transliteration: bah-DAN ahl-MAH
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Allahın insan qiyafəsinə girməsi (disguise)
CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently, not temporarily, taking on true human nature. Inherited from Romans package. Directly parallel to and reinforced by Matthew’s İmmanuel (1:23) and its inclusio echo at 28:20.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Məsih
Transliteration: mah-SEEKH
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: sadəcə bir peyğəmbər (merely a prophet)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Must always carry full Davidic-covenant, atoning-savior content, never a bare honorific. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 1’s genealogy and covenant framing supply the content the bare Qur’anic al-Masih title lacks.
Jesus
Approved rendering: İsa
Transliteration: ee-SAH
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘İsa Peyğəmbər’ (Prophet Jesus, without Məsih)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Always paired with Məsih in doctrinally significant contexts. Inherited from Romans package. İsa alone signals only the Qur’anic prophet-figure to most Azerbaijani readers throughout Matthew.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHKH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tanrı (Turkish Language Package convention)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Unlike the Turkish Language Package’s Tanrı, Azerbaijani IBT usage consistently uses Allah. Inherited from Romans package. No deviation anywhere in Matthew.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Müqəddəs Ruh
Transliteration: myoo-kad-DASS ROOKH
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Cəbrail (the archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: Never equated with Cəbrail. Inherited from Romans package. Teach explicitly as a divine Person at Matthew 1:18-20, 3:16, 12:31-32, and the Trinitarian formula of 28:19.
Father
Approved rendering: Ata
Transliteration: ah-TAH
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Yaradan (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
CRITICAL: Relational, adoptive sense taught directly, not retreated to Yaradan. Inherited from Romans package. Frequent throughout the Sermon on the Mount (5:16,45,48; 6:9; 7:11) and climaxing in the Trinitarian formula (28:19).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Allahın Padşahlığı
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN pahd-shah-luh-UH
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: Allahın dövləti (God’s state/nation)
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
God’s sovereign reign, not a literal state. Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from Medium to Critical in the Matthew curriculum because it is functionally equivalent to the new term Göylərin Padşahlığı and must be taught as the same reality, never as two different kingdoms (6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43).
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: Göylərin Padşahlığı
Transliteration: gyoy-lah-RIN pahd-shah-luh-UH
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: Cənnət (Paradise, the Islamic afterlife destination)
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Matthew’s distinctive phrase (used ~32 times) for God’s present-and-coming sovereign reign, functionally equivalent to Allahın Padşahlığı. ‘Göylər’ (heavens) risks collapsing into Cənnət; must be explicitly equated with Allahın Padşahlığı and distinguished from Cənnət at every first occurrence per lesson (3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 6:10,33; 13:1-52; 18:1-4; 19:14,23; 23:13). Core passage anchor term at 5:3 and 5:10.
Incarnation Emmanuel
Approved rendering: İmmanuel (Allah bizimlədir)
Transliteration: em-mah-noo-EL (ahl-lahkh bee-zeem-lah-DEER)
Doctrine: Incarnation (God with Us)
Rejected alternatives: Allahın lütfü bizimlədir (softened to ‘God’s favor is with us’)
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. ‘God with us’ — the child’s name identifying him as God’s own personal presence among his people. Directly parallel to baseline Bədən alma; must be taught plainly, without softening into disguise or symbolic-presence language, since tawhid forbids God taking bodily, permanent form. Forms an inclusio with 28:20 (‘I am with you always’).
Baptism
Approved rendering: Vəftiz / vəftiz etmək
Transliteration: vaf-TEEZ
Doctrine: Baptism
Rejected alternatives: dəstəmaz (ritual ablution), qüsl (ritual washing)
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. The established Christian Azerbaijani loanword. CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never confused with Islamic ritual ablution (dəstəmaz/qüsl), a ceremonial-cleanliness category distinct from conversion-identification (3:6,11,13-16; 28:19). Carries full Trinitarian significance by 28:19.
Sons Of God Believers
Approved rendering: Allahın övladları
Transliteration: ahl-lah-HUHN uv-lahd-lah-RUH
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: Allahın Oğulları (would blur with Christ’s unique Sonship)
Original: υἱοὶ Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Believers’ derived, adoptive filial status (5:9,45). MUST use övlad (child), never Oğul (Son, the Christological title reserved for Allahın Oğlu), since Matthew uses the same Greek phrase elsewhere for Christ’s unique deity claim.
Fulfill The Law
Approved rendering: yerinə yetirmək
Transliteration: yeh-ree-NAH yeh-teer-MAKH
Doctrine: Fulfillment of the Law
Rejected alternatives: ləğv etmək (abolish)
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Jesus’ claim to fulfill, intensify, and transcend the Law and Prophets rather than abolish them (5:17-19; 22:36-40). Must be taught alongside baseline Qanun (never şəriət).
Righteousness Exceeding Pharisees
Approved rendering: Fərisey salehliyindən üstün salehlik
Transliteration: fah-ree-SAY sah-lehk-lee-yeen-DAHN ews-TEWN sah-lehk-LEEK
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: daha çox saleh əməl etmək (doing more righteous deeds than the Pharisees)
Original: (5:20 concept, δικαιοσύνη πλεῖον)
Category: Salvation
NEW COMPOUND TERM. A deeper, grace-enabled, heart-level righteousness surpassing external legal compliance (5:20-48; 6:1-18; 15:1-20; 23:1-36). Must never be taught as ‘accumulating more saleh əməllər than the Pharisees,’ which would directly contradict the baseline’s critical prohibition on works-based righteousness.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Bəşər Oğlu
Transliteration: bah-SHAIR oh-loo
Doctrine: Son of Man Title and Authority
Rejected alternatives: insan oğlu (flattened, no Daniel 7 resonance)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Jesus’ preferred self-designation, drawing on Daniel 7’s exalted, enthroned, judging figure (8:20; 9:6; 16:13,27-28; 24:30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:64). Surface ‘humble human’ reading poses no challenge to Islamic Christology and misses the Daniel 7 authority-to-judge claim; must be unpacked at first use and reinforced at each recurrence.
Authority To Forgive Sins
Approved rendering: günahları bağışlamaq səlahiyyəti
Transliteration: goo-nahkh-lah-RUH bah-uhsh-lah-MAHKH sah-lah-hee-yah-TEE
Doctrine: Authority to Forgive Sins
Original: ἀφίημι ἁμαρτίας
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Jesus’ personal exercise of the divine prerogative to forgive sins (9:1-8), a direct claim to deity. Never present as merely announcing a forgiveness granted elsewhere.
Worship Of Christ
Approved rendering: Səcdə etmək
Transliteration: sahj-DAH et-MAKH
Doctrine: Worship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hörmət etmək (mere honor/respect, an under-translation)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
CRITICAL — highest-collision term in the book. Religious homage and prostration directed at Jesus personally, paired with confessions of his deity (2:11; 8:2; 9:18; 14:33; 15:25; 20:20; 28:9,17). Səcdə is precisely the Arabic-origin term for Islamic prayer-prostration reserved exclusively for Allah; prostrating before any created being is shirk. Render faithfully, never softened to hörmət etmək; flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Living God Intensifier
Approved rendering: Var olan Allahın / Diri Allahın
Transliteration: vahr oh-LAHN ahl-lah-HUHN
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: τοῦ ζῶντος Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. An intensifying phrase attached to ‘Son of God’ at Matthew’s fullest single confessions of Jesus’ identity (16:16; 26:63). Flag for theologian review alongside Allahın Oğlu.
Keys Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: Açarlar
Transliteration: ah-chahr-LAHR
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: perpetual, inheritable priestly office
Original: κλεῖς
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Delegated authority to open kingdom access through gospel proclamation (16:19). Two collision risks: (1) mapping onto a perpetual, Imamate-style successive authority line; (2) Islamic folk piety envisioning specific intercessors/gatekeepers holding ‘keys’ to paradise. Teach as delegated gospel-proclaiming authority tied to apostolic testimony, never a perpetual office.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: Bağlamaq və açmaq
Transliteration: bah-lah-MAHKH vah ahch-MAHKH
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: independent human power to forgive sins, ijma/fatwa-style scholarly ruling
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church
NEW TERM. A rabbinic idiom for authoritative rulings, applied to the church’s authority to ratify heaven’s prior verdict on sin and repentance (16:19; 18:18). Must be taught as the church RATIFYING heaven’s verdict, not an independent human power to forgive sins, and distinguished from Islamic scholarly consensus (ijma) issuing binding fatwas.
Church Discipline Procedure
Approved rendering: Kilsə intizamı
Transliteration: keel-SAH een-tee-zah-MUH
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: state-enforced religious-legal sanction
Original: (18:15-17 procedure)
Category: Church
NEW COMPOUND TERM. A graduated process of private confrontation, small-group witness, and whole-church involvement aimed at restoring an unrepentant believer (18:15-17). Must be taught as restorative, not punitive, and distinguished from any state-enforced religious-legal sanction — a sensitive distinction given Azerbaijan’s regulated religious-activity environment.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Əbədi həyat
Transliteration: ah-bah-DEE hah-YAHT
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Unending life received by grace, not earned by exceptional deeds (19:16,29; 25:46). Must be taught with the baseline’s Xilas and Salehlik doctrines in view: ‘with man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible’ (19:25-26).
Ransom
Approved rendering: Fidyə
Transliteration: feed-YAH
Doctrine: Atonement and the Ransom of Christ
Rejected alternatives: mere legal-compensation payment framing
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. The substitutionary payment of Christ’s life securing release for many (20:28). Fidyə is used in Islamic legal contexts for a compensatory payment; Matthew’s sense is a ONE-TIME, substitutionary, life-for-life atoning sacrifice, categorically different, and this distinction must be taught explicitly.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: Dövrün sonu / Əsrin sonu
Transliteration: duv-REWN soh-NOO
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: Qiyamət günü (the Islamic Day of Judgment framework)
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. The climactic close of the present age (24:3). Must be kept distinct from the Islamic eschatological framework of Qiyamət günü and its associated expectation-figures (Dajjal; in Shia doctrine, the Hidden/Twelfth Imam’s return); use neutral, non-loaded vocabulary.
Parousia Coming
Approved rendering: Gəliş / qayıdış
Transliteration: gah-LEESH / kah-yuh-DUHSH
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: zühur (the Shia technical term for the Hidden/Twelfth Imam’s reappearance)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never zühur. Christ’s future personal, visible, glorious return (24:3,27,37,39). Using zühur would directly fuse Matthew’s parousia with Imamate-return eschatology, the syncretistic collapse the baseline package guards against elsewhere. Establish ‘İkinci Gəliş’ (Second Coming) as a fixed teaching-material collocation.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: Əbədi cəza
Transliteration: ah-bah-DEE jah-ZAH
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: implied eventual relief/reprieve
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Final, unending consequence for those who reject Christ (25:46), paired directly with Əbədi həyat (eternal life) in the same verse. This exact parallelism must be preserved without softening; some readers may look for eventual relief, which Matthew’s grammar excludes.
Body Blood Lords Supper
Approved rendering: Bədən / Qan (Əhdin qanı)
Transliteration: bah-DAN / kahn (akh-DEEN kah-NUH)
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: crude literalism inviting a cannibalism objection, bare memorial-only reading (xatirə)
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. The body and covenant-sealing blood of Christ, instituted at the Last Supper for the forgiveness of sins (26:26-28). A new sacramental category not present in the baseline Romans package; must avoid both crude literalism and an overly bare memorial reading that loses the covenantal-sacrificial substance.
All Authority
Approved rendering: Bütün səlahiyyət
Transliteration: bew-TEWN sah-lah-hee-YAHT
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: πᾶσα ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. The climactic, universal-scope statement of Jesus’ authority (28:18): total, cosmic authority, not a local or delegated jurisdiction. Must be rendered without qualification.
Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Approved rendering: Atanın, Oğulun və Müqəddəs Ruhun adı ilə
Transliteration: ah-tah-NUHN oh-loo-LOON vah mew-kad-dass roo-HOON ah-duh ee-LAH
Doctrine: The Trinity
Rejected alternatives: separate names/plural deities framing
Original: εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
NEW TERM. The most explicit Trinity statement in Matthew (28:19) — three distinct Persons named under one singular ‘name,’ an irreducible collision with tawhid’s absolute unity (Qur’an 112). Must be preserved exactly, in full, without softening qualification; mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Müjdə
Transliteration: myuzh-DAH
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: İncil (bare, unqualified), yaxşı xəbər (generic good news)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Müjdə (‘glad tidings’) is the IBT Azerbaijani term for the living proclamation, kept distinct from İncil as a contested book. Inherited from Romans package. In Matthew consistently paired with ‘of the kingdom’ (Padşahlığın Müjdəsi) at 4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13, reinforcing that the gospel is the announcement of God’s in-breaking reign, not merely a contested book.
Grace
Approved rendering: Lütf
Transliteration: LYUTF
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mərhəmət (mercy), kərəm (Persian-influenced ‘divine generosity’)
Unearned favor apart from merit. Inherited from Romans package. Directly relevant to Matthew’s Grace and Reward doctrine (5:12; 6:1-6; 19:16-30; 20:1-16), where the vineyard-workers parable dramatizes grace overturning a wages/merit framework.
Faith
Approved rendering: İman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: etiqad (doctrinal conviction/creed)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in İsa Məsih specifically. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew’s centurion (8:10) and the Canaanite woman (15:28) model trust in Jesus’ word alone, without ritual mediation.
Called
Approved rendering: Çağırılmış
Transliteration: chah-guh-ruhl-MUSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dəvət olunmuş (invited)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Sovereign, purposeful summons, context-sensitive across senses. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 22:14 (‘many are called, but few are chosen’) requires careful distinction between the broad external call and the effectual call.
Calling
Approved rendering: Çağırış
Transliteration: chah-guh-RUHSH
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dəvət
Noun form of God’s sovereign summons. Inherited from Romans package. Retained for consistency with the calling/election cluster active throughout Matthew’s discipleship narratives.
Law
Approved rendering: Qanun
Transliteration: kah-NOON
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: şəriət (Islamic religious law)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never şəriət. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 5:17-18 and 22:36-40 present Jesus fulfilling, not abolishing, this Mosaic Qanun — an argument with no clean parallel to şəriət’s comprehensive legal-religious framework.
Sin
Approved rendering: Günah
Transliteration: goo-NAHKH
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: xəta (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Standard shared term, but Islamic anthropology (fitrə) resists inherited universal sinfulness. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 1:21 and 9:2-6 both require the personal-accountability sense the baseline documents.
Glory
Approved rendering: Ehtişam
Transliteration: eh-htee-SHAHM
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (Shia ‘Light of the Imams’ association)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
God’s radiant honor and majesty. Inherited from Romans package. Never nur; especially relevant at the Transfiguration (17:2) and the Son of Man’s glorious return (24:30; 25:31).
Prophet
Approved rendering: Peyğəmbər
Transliteration: pay-gam-BAIR
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: falçı (fortune-teller)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Standard shared term; precisely the category Islamic theology places Jesus into. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew distinguishes OT prophets’ forerunner role (1:22; 2:5,15,17,23; 5:12,17; 13:57; 21:11,46; 23:29-37) from Christ’s own greater identity.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Əhd
Transliteration: AKHD
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: müqavilə (bare commercial contract)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Relational covenant bond. Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated from Medium to High in the Matthew curriculum because 26:28 directly pairs it with ‘blood’ (Əhdin qanı) in the Lord’s Supper institution, a doctrinal weight not present in Romans’ usage. Also underlies Davudun Oğlu (Son of David), which must be paired with Əhd at every occurrence.
Election
Approved rendering: Seçilmə
Transliteration: say-cheel-MAY
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: qismət (fate/fortune), yazı (fatalistic decree)
Original: ἐκλογή (concept, ‘the elect’)
Category: Salvation
God’s sovereign, personal choosing. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 22:14; 24:22,24,31 (‘the elect’) must never be rendered with qismət or yazı-style fatalistic decree language.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: Davudun Oğlu
Transliteration: dah-voo-DOON oh-loo
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: bare genealogical/dynastic title lacking covenant content
Original: υἱὸς Δαβίδ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Royal-messianic title claiming fulfillment of the Davidic covenant. Built on baseline Davud. Must be paired with Əhd (covenant) at every occurrence (1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45) to avoid a bare-genealogy reading compatible with the Qur’anic Davud narrative, which lacks the covenant content.
Fulfillment Formula
Approved rendering: yerinə yetsin / yerinə yetmək üçün
Transliteration: yeh-ree-NAH yet-SEEN
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: təsadüf (mere coincidence)
Original: ἵνα/ὅπως πληρωθῇ
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Matthew’s recurring editorial formula (1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9) marking an OT text as finding its terminus in Jesus. Must be taught as cumulative, converging historical fulfillment culminating in Christ, contrasted with a pattern of successive, self-contained restating prophets.
Disciple
Approved rendering: Şagird
Transliteration: shah-GEERD
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: mürid (Sufi devotee bound to a living pir/şeyx)
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never mürid, which imports veneration and mystical transmission foreign to Matthew’s sense of committed, costly following. Must be filled with total, life-reorienting allegiance (4:18-22; 5:1; 8:21-23; 9:9; 10:1; 28:19; cf. 10:37-39; 16:24-26).
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhda yoxsul
Transliteration: rookh-DAH yohk-SOOL
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: bare yoxsulluq (material poverty)
Original: πτωχὸς τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Utter spiritual destitution and dependence on God, not literal material poverty (5:3). Connects to the baseline’s grace/Lütf doctrine (unmerited favor apart from saleh əməllər).
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: Ürəyi təmiz olanlar
Transliteration: ew-rah-YEE tah-MEEZ oh-lahn-LAHR
Doctrine: Purity of Heart over Ritual Purity
Rejected alternatives: bare təmiz (ritual cleanliness)
Original: καθαρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Inner moral-spiritual purity (5:8; 15:11,17-20). The ‘ürəyi’ qualifier is essential — bare təmiz was already rejected in the baseline for ‘holy’ due to ritual-purity (wudu-adjacent) connotations.
Persecuted For Righteousness
Approved rendering: təqib olunmaq / mənə görə
Transliteration: tah-KEEB oh-loon-MAHKH / mah-NAH gyu-RAH
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: διώκω / ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Personal, Christ-centered ground of suffering (5:10-12; 10:16-33). Pastoral, not legal-agitation, framing required given contemporary sensitivities around minority religious practice in Azerbaijan.
Reward
Approved rendering: Mükafat
Transliteration: mew-kah-FAHT
Doctrine: Grace and Reward (Wages vs. Gift)
Rejected alternatives: earned-wage framing
Original: μισθός
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Heavenly recompense for faithful endurance (5:12; 6:1-6; 10:41-42; 20:1-16). Must be taught alongside the baseline’s grace/works distinction, since Islamic theology has a well-developed deeds-and-reward (ajr) framework; never a wage establishing standing before God.
Gehenna
Approved rendering: Cəhənnəm
Transliteration: jah-hahn-NAHM
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: γέεννα
Category: Judgment
NEW TERM. Real, final consequence of unrepented sin, tied to Christ’s authority as judge (5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33). Shared Islamic-Azerbaijani imagery term; clarify the NT ground of judgment (rejection of Christ, 25:41-46) rather than a deeds-ledger appeal process possibly mediated by intercession.
Perfect
Approved rendering: Kamil
Transliteration: kah-MEEL
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: kamil insan (Sufi self-attained mystical perfection)
Original: τέλειος
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Wholeness of Father-reflecting character and love (5:48; 19:21). Serious collision risk: Sufi devotional tradition uses kamil insan for a state of spiritual attainment reached through mystical discipline under a master. Must be taught as Spirit-enabled, grace-grounded Christlikeness flowing from adoption, never a self-attained mystical station.
Judgment
Approved rendering: hökm etmək / mühakimə
Transliteration: hyukm et-MAKH / moo-hah-kee-MAH
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κρίνω / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
NEW TERM. Christ’s unique authority to judge, developed from Matthew 7 through the Olivet Discourse (7:1-2; 12:36; 24-25). Must retain Christ’s unique judging authority, never diffused across intercessory figures.
Demon
Approved rendering: Cin
Transliteration: jeen
Doctrine: Christ’s Authority over Demons and Satan
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW TERM. A real, malevolent spirit uniformly subject to Christ’s authority (8:16,28-34; 9:33-34; 12:22-28). Strong resonance with the Qur’anic jinn, but folk-Islamic jinn are morally ambiguous or even helpful; must teach explicitly to avoid a neutral ‘jinn-management’ framing.
Authority
Approved rendering: Səlahiyyət
Transliteration: sah-lah-hee-YAHT
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Jesus’ inherent, self-derived authority over nature, sickness, demons, sin, and the Law (7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 10:1; 21:23,27; 28:18). Must not register as bureaucratic/civic jurisdiction or as authority conferred by scholarly consensus (echoing fatwa-issuing ulama chains).
Blasphemy
Approved rendering: Küfr
Transliteration: kewfr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: βλασφημία
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. The charge leveled against Jesus for claiming divine prerogatives (9:3; 12:31-32; 26:65). Strong functional overlap with the Islamic legal-religious category of küfr; frame as the narrative’s own internal charge, which Jesus refutes, not an invitation to apply the category to the text itself.
Confess
Approved rendering: iqrar etmək
Transliteration: eek-RAHR et-MAKH
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Public acknowledgment of Jesus before others, even under threat of opposition (10:32-33). Direct forerunner to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 confession pattern (İsa Rəbdir).
Mystery
Approved rendering: Sirr
Transliteration: seer
Doctrine: Kingdom Parables and the Disclosed Mystery
Rejected alternatives: ongoing esoteric-lineage secret knowledge (Sufi sirr)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Previously hidden divine truth now openly disclosed (13:11). Serious collision risk: Sufi devotional tradition uses sirr for esoteric inner knowledge transmitted through an ongoing master-disciple mystical lineage. Matthew’s mystērion is a ONE-TIME disclosure now openly proclaimed, not ongoing esoteric secrecy.
Defilement Unclean
Approved rendering: murdar / təmizləmək
Transliteration: moor-DAHR / tah-meez-lah-MAKH
Doctrine: Purity of Heart over Ritual Purity
Original: κοινός / καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Defilement relocated by Jesus from external food categories to the heart (15:11,17-20). A significant departure from halal/haram purity codes readers may bring to the text; teach as relocating, not abolishing, the concern for purity (cf. 5:8).
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: Şagird etmək
Transliteration: shah-GEERD et-MAKH
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: təbliğ (regulated religious proselytizing category in Azerbaijani law)
Original: μαθητεύω
Category: Church
NEW TERM. The Great Commission’s active verb (28:19), built on Şagird. Ties to the baseline’s mission/evangelism doctrines and the noted Azerbaijani legal sensitivity around proselytizing (təbliğ); flag for combined pastoral and legal-safety-aware theologian review.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Həvari
Transliteration: heh-vah-REE
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: peyğəmbər (prophet-messenger), imam (Shia infallible successor sense)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Commissioned eyewitnesses to the risen Christ, not an infallible successive spiritual authority line. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 10:2 is the Gospel’s formal apostolic commissioning scene naming the Twelve.
Peace
Approved rendering: Sülh
Transliteration: SYULKH
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: rahatlıq (inner calm/comfort)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Relational peace with God through justification, not psychological comfort. Inherited from Romans package. In Matthew (5:9; 10:13, 34) must be kept conceptually distinct from the new term ‘rest’ (rahatlıq/dinclik, 11:28-29), which denotes relief from burden rather than covenantal peace.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Millətlər
Transliteration: mil-lat-LAIR
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: kafirlər (unbelievers/infidels), bütpərəstlər (idolaters, archaic)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Ethnically neutral Bible term for non-Jews. Inherited from Romans package. Ties Matthew’s ‘all nations’ language (24:14; 28:19) into the same term used throughout Romans.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Peyğəmbərlik sözü
Transliteration: pay-gam-bair-LEEK suh-ZEW
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: falçılıq (divination/fortune-telling)
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
God-inspired declaration pointing to Christ. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies every ‘fulfillment formula’ occurrence catalogued as a separate new term below.
David
Approved rendering: Davud
Transliteration: dah-VOOD
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαβίδ
Category: Covenant
Established Azerbaijani Bible proper name. Inherited from Romans package. Frequent messianic-title base throughout Matthew (1:1,6,17,20; 9:27; 12:3,23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45).
Israel
Approved rendering: İsrail
Transliteration: ees-rah-EEL
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Proper name; established Azerbaijani Bible form. Inherited from Romans package. Same contemporary-politics caution applies given Azerbaijan’s diplomatic ties with the modern state of the same name (Matthew 2:6,20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6,23; 15:24,31; 19:28; 27:9,42).
Virgin
Approved rendering: Bakirə
Transliteration: bah-kee-RAH
Doctrine: Incarnation (God with Us)
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. A genuine resonance point (Qur’an 19:20 also affirms Mary’s virginity, 1:23,25), but teaching notes must clarify Matthew’s point is that THIS child is also Emmanuel/Son of God, a claim the Qur’an (112:3) explicitly denies.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: Yəhudilərin Padşahı
Transliteration: yah-hoo-dee-lah-REEN pahd-shah-HUH
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Political-messianic title framing the whole narrative arc (2:2; 27:11,29,37). Keep distinct from a literal, present-day political kingship claim, matching the baseline’s dövlət caution.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Tövbə
Transliteration: tuv-BAH
Doctrine: Repentance and the Coming Kingdom
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. A genuine resonance point shared with everyday Islamic-Azerbaijani vocabulary (3:2,8,11; 4:17). Must be filled with kingdom- and Christ-oriented NT content, not primarily sharia-style religious-duty performance.
Devil
Approved rendering: İblis
Transliteration: eeb-LEES
Doctrine: Christ’s Authority over Demons and Satan
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW TERM. Shared Qur’anic proper name for the fallen adversary (4:1,5,8,11; 13:39; 25:41). Teach as decisively subdued by Jesus’ authority, not a figure of uncertain or equal standing.
Satan
Approved rendering: Şeytan
Transliteration: shay-TAHN
Doctrine: Christ’s Authority over Demons and Satan
Original: σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW TERM. Used interchangeably with İblis in Matthew (4:10; 12:26; 16:23).
Beatitude Blessed
Approved rendering: Nə bəxtiyardır
Transliteration: nah bakh-tee-yahr-DUHR
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: xoşbəxt (generic happiness alone)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Idiomatic exclamatory formula for the nine Beatitudes (5:3-11). Bəxtiyar’s ‘bəxt’ (fortune) root risks a fatalistic reading; teach as God’s deliberate favor pronounced now, not impersonal luck. Highest-frequency ambiguity-bearing term in the core passage.
Meek
Approved rendering: Həlim
Transliteration: hah-LEEM
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: πραΰς
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Gentle strength held under control, not weakness (5:5; 11:29; 21:5). Risks registering as passive weakness in Azerbaijani honor culture; teach as disciplined, Christ-modeled gentleness.
Merciful
Approved rendering: Mərhəmətlilər / Mərhəmət
Transliteration: mar-hah-mat-lee-LAIR
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Original: ἐλεήμων / ἔλεος
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Compassionate response to another’s need or fault (5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 18:33). Must be kept distinct from baseline Lütf (grace); mercy is reciprocal compassion toward the needy/guilty, not the deeper unearned-favor category.
Forgive Debts
Approved rendering: bağışlamaq / borclar
Transliteration: bah-uhsh-lah-MAKH / bor-JLAR
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἀφίημι / ὀφειλήματα
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. To release/let go of debts owed, applied to both divine and human forgiveness (6:12,14-15; 18:21-35). Human forgiveness of others is fruit of, not a merit-earning precondition for, God’s prior forgiveness.
Narrow Gate
Approved rendering: dar qapı
Transliteration: dahr kah-PUH
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: στενή πύλη
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. The exclusive way into life (7:13-14). Exclusivity (‘few find it’) must be preserved against pressure to soften universalist expectations.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: Yalançı peyğəmbər
Transliteration: yah-lahn-CHUH pay-gam-BAIR
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. A deceptive claimant to prophetic authority, built on baseline Peyğəmbər (7:15; 24:11,24).
Cross Discipleship
Approved rendering: Xaç
Transliteration: khahch
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: dirək (bare execution stake, a Jehovah’s Witness-style rendering)
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Total, self-denying allegiance to Jesus (10:38; 16:24; 27:32-44). Established Azerbaijani term, also the visible symbol most associated with Christian identity regionally; explain the metaphorical costly-obedience sense before the literal crucifixion narrative supplies the referent. Never render as a bare stake.
Rest
Approved rendering: Rahatlıq / dinclik
Transliteration: rah-haht-LUHK / deenj-LEEK
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Relief from the burden of religious duty-performance, given by Jesus himself (11:28-29). Must be kept conceptually distinct from baseline Sülh (covenantal peace with God); the baseline flagged rahatlıq as inadequate for ‘peace,’ but here it is the correct concept for this specific promise.
Yoke
Approved rendering: Boyunduruq
Transliteration: boh-yoon-doo-ROOK
Doctrine: Fulfillment of the Law
Original: ζυγός
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. A rabbinic image for the burden of Torah observance or a teacher’s discipline (11:29-30). Jesus offers ‘my yoke,’ a lighter, grace-enabled alternative; pairs naturally with baseline Qanun discussions.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: Şənbə
Transliteration: shan-BAH
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: Σάββατον
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. The Mosaic seventh-day rest over which Jesus claims lordship (12:1-14). In modern secular Azerbaijani usage şənbə is simply ‘Saturday’; teaching must supply the missing Mosaic-law background and Jesus’ ‘Lord of the Sabbath’ authority claim.
Parable
Approved rendering: Məsəl
Transliteration: mah-SAL
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Jesus’ primary illustrative-story vehicle for kingdom teaching (13:3-52; 21:33-45; 22:1-14; 25:1-30). A good resonance term (cognate to Arabic-origin ‘misal’), but must retain its revelatory/kingdom-disclosure function, not read as mere folk-wisdom proverb.
Tradition
Approved rendering: Ənənə
Transliteration: ah-nah-NAH
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Inherited custom or teaching, which Jesus charges can nullify divine command (15:2-3,6). A possible bridge to the Qur’an/hadith distinction, but Jesus’ critique is specific to first-century Pharisaic practice, not a blanket anti-tradition polemic.
Transfigured
Approved rendering: Görkəmi dəyişdi
Transliteration: gyur-kah-MEE dah-yeesh-DEE
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. A momentary unveiling of Christ’s pre-existent divine glory before select disciples (17:2). Must not be confused with reincarnation-type transformation into another being; reinforces baseline Ehtişam.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: büdrəmə səbəbi
Transliteration: bewd-rah-MAH sah-bah-BEE
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: σκάνδαλον
Category: Church
NEW TERM. A cause of another’s fall into sin (18:6-9). Vivid millstone-imagery warning with low ambiguity beyond the strength of the warning itself.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: guşə daşı
Transliteration: goo-SHAH dah-SHUH
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: (Psalm 118 quotation, λίθος)
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. The rejected stone that becomes the cornerstone (21:42-44), applied to Christ’s rejection and vindication; foreshadows the kingdom’s extension to fruit-bearing peoples.
Low Risk Terms
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: Sülh yaradanlar
Transliteration: syulkh yah-rah-dahn-LAHR
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: εἰρηνοποιός
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Active reconciler, not merely passive/peaceful (5:9). Built cleanly on baseline Sülh.
Mammon
Approved rendering: Mamona
Transliteration: mah-moh-NAH
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Aramaic loanword for wealth personified as a rival master (6:24). Retained transliterated, glossed ‘var-dövlət.‘
Servant Greatness
Approved rendering: Xidmətçi
Transliteration: kheed-mat-CHEE
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: διάκονος
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Servanthood as Jesus’ redefinition of true greatness, modeled on his own ransom-giving death (20:26-28).
Hosanna
Approved rendering: Hosanna
Transliteration: ho-SAHN-nah
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Ὡσαννά
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Retained untranslated per the established Amin/Halleluya transliteration convention (21:9,15); glossed as an appeal for messianic salvation.
Love Greatest Commandment
Approved rendering: Məhəbbət
Transliteration: mah-hab-BAT
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Selfless, willed love of God and neighbor, under which Jesus summarizes the entire Law and Prophets (22:37-39). Broad cross-tradition resonance; tie back to Law-fulfillment and grace as its ultimate ground.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: Riyakar
Transliteration: ree-yah-KAHR
Doctrine: Hypocrisy versus True Religion
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Outward religious performance masking inward corruption (23:13-29). Strong resonance since riya is itself a recognized and condemned Islamic devotional category — a naturally bridging, low-risk term.
Referenced passages