Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians (English–Czech)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 2 Corinthians 1–13. Terms already established in the baseline Romans Language Package (translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json) are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative renderings are permitted. New terms introduced by 2 Corinthians are marked [NEW] and require Phase 1 Step 2+ (registry/risk-tier formalization) before Phase 2 translation begins.
Table A — Baseline Terms Reused from Romans (Exact Enforcement Required)
| Term (EN) | Czech (baseline, exact) | Risk (baseline) | 2 Corinthians occurrences | Notes on reuse in this curriculum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | milost | High | 1:2,12,15; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 | Extended into the domain of Generosity and Grace in Giving (ch. 8–9); grace as cause, not merely accompaniment, of generosity must be actively taught. |
| faith | víra | High | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 13:5 | 5:7 “we walk by faith, not by sight” — object of faith (Christ, unseen realities) must remain explicit. |
| righteousness | spravedlnost | Critical | 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 | 5:21 climactic use (“become the righteousness of God”) is the passage’s doctrinal peak; anchor to baseline imputed_righteousness. |
| salvation | spasení | Critical | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 | Must be accompanied by narrative gloss (from what/to what/by whom) on every occurrence, per baseline mandate. |
| apostle | apoštol | Low (baseline) — but see doctrine escalation below | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 | The APOSTLESHIP DOCTRINE itself escalates to High/Critical in this curriculum (see Table C, Genuine vs. False Apostleship) even though the lexical term itself remains stable. |
| holy | svatý | Medium | 1:1; 7:1; 13:12 | Standard reuse. |
| saints | svatí | High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 | Corporate sense; must carry baseline’s “every believer” clarification, distinct from calendar name-day association. |
| sanctification | posvěcení | High | 7:1 (implied); 3:18 (transformation) | Connects to μεταμορφόω (ch. 3); reuse baseline term for the doctrine name even where the specific Greek lexeme differs. |
| resurrection | vzkříšení | Critical | 1:9; 4:14; 5:15 | 5:15 within core passage; must retain Critical-tier scaffolding. |
| lord | Pán | Critical | throughout (e.g. 1:2-3; 4:5; 5:6,8,11; 8:9,19,21; 10:17-18; 11:31; 12:1,8; 13:14) | Capitalization-signal fragility risk fully inherited; 2 Corinthians uses κύριος pervasively, increasing cumulative exposure to this risk. |
| son of God | Syn Boží | Critical | 1:19 | ”The Son of God, Jesus Christ” — full phrase required per baseline. |
| incarnation | vtělení | High | 8:9 (Christ’s poverty); implied 5:21 | Doctrinal category invoked though not a single repeated lexeme; connect to Humanity of Christ. |
| peace | pokoj | Medium | 13:11 | Standard closing benediction use. |
| spiritual gifts | duchovní dary | Medium | (conceptually present in 1:11 “help by prayer”; not a major theme term in 2 Cor as in Romans 12) | Minimal direct occurrence; retained for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| thanksgiving | díkůvzdání | Low | 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15 | Frequent in this letter; standard reuse throughout. |
| fellowship | společenství | Low | 1:7 (implied); 6:14 (“participation,” κοινωνία); 8:4; 13:13-14 | Extended into financial-partnership sense (ch. 8) and Trinitarian benediction (ch. 13); flag context-sensitivity. |
| church | církev | Medium | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 | Standard reuse; note Corinthian church as originating context of whole letter. |
| law | zákon | High | 3:6-7 (implied, “letter”); 3:13-15 (Moses) | Old covenant background; connects to γράμμα/letter analysis in ch.3. |
| sin | hřích | High | 5:21 (2x, core passage); 11:7 (implied) | Core passage climactic double use; CRITICAL emphasis required here despite baseline’s general High rating, due to doctrinal density of 5:21. |
| gentiles | pohané | Medium | (implied in “all nations,” not a major direct term in 2 Cor) | Minimal direct occurrence. |
| glory | sláva | Medium (High in ch.3-4 context) | 1:20; 3:7-11,18 (5x); 4:4,6,15,17; 8:19,23 | Chapters 3-4 make glory a dominant theme (Moses’ fading glory vs. new covenant glory); escalate practical review attention though baseline risk tier is retained. |
| covenant | smlouva | High | 3:6,14 (“old covenant”/“new covenant”) | Headline doctrine (New Covenant versus Old); highest-frequency load-bearing use of this term outside Romans itself. |
| father | Otec | Critical | 1:2-3 (“Father of mercies”); 6:18; 13:14 | Reuse exact; “Father of mercies” (1:3) is a unique 2 Corinthians expansion needing its own gloss (see Table B). |
| exhort | povzbuzovat | Low | 1:4 (implied via παράκλησις family); 2:8; 5:20 (context-sensitive — see Table B, “implore”) | Note: 5:20’s stronger “implore/beseech” sense should NOT default to the gentler baseline “povzbuzovat” gloss; flagged in Table B. |
| god | Bůh | Critical | throughout | Standard; note “the god of this age” (4:4) requires strict lowercase distinction — see Table B. |
| holy spirit | Duch svatý | Critical | 1:22 (implied, “Spirit as guarantee”); 3:3,6,8,17-18; 13:14 | 3:1-18 is a dense concentration of Spirit-theology; 13:14 Trinitarian benediction is the highest-stakes single occurrence. |
| jesus | Ježíš | Critical | throughout | Standard. |
| power_of_god | moc Boží | High (elevated from Medium given headline doctrine status) | 4:7; 6:7; 12:9,12; 13:4 | See Table C: Power in Weakness elevates this term’s practical risk tier for this curriculum specifically. |
| imputed_righteousness | přičtená spravedlnost | Critical | 5:19 (“not counting trespasses”), 5:21 | Direct word-family link (λογίζομαι) between Romans 4 and 2 Corinthians 5; MUST use the “přičítat/přičtení” word family consistently across both curricula. |
Table B — New Terms Introduced in 2 Corinthians (Require New Registry Entries)
| Term (EN) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Czech rendering (proposed) | Risk | Doctrine link | Key passages | Rationale summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| comfort | παράκλησις | paraklēsis | útěcha / potěšení | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:3-7; 7:4,13 | Ordinary word risks a passive-sympathy reading; must convey God’s active comforting initiative. |
| affliction | θλῖψις | thlipsis | soužení | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:4,8; 2:4; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2,13 | Literary but recognizable; needs concrete narrative unpacking. |
| guarantee/pledge | ἀρραβών | arrabōn | závdavek | High | Assurance (inherited from Romans) via the Spirit | 1:22; 5:5 | Live commercial-deposit term in Czech; usable but must be explicitly reframed as God’s personal pledge. |
| seal | σφραγίς/σφραγίζω | sphragis/sphragizō | pečeť / zapečetit | Medium | Assurance / Holy Spirit’s work | 1:22 | Stable legal/postal image; needs ownership-security nuance made explicit. |
| Father of mercies | ὁ πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν | ho patēr tōn oiktirmōn | Otec veškerého milosrdenství | Medium | Reuses Father (Critical) + mercy | 1:3 | Compound expansion of baseline Father term; needs warm relational emphasis. |
| God’s Yes/faithfulness | τὸ ναὶ | to nai | Ano (Boží) | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy (inherited) | 1:18-20 | Idiomatically translatable; underlying promise-keeping doctrine needs foundational teaching. |
| forgive/grant graciously | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | odpustit / prokázat milost | Medium | Grace (word family link) | 2:7,10 | Same root as χάρις; note continuity with grace doctrine for teaching purposes. |
| aroma of Christ | εὐωδία Χριστοῦ | euōdia Christou | vůně Kristova | Medium-High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:14-16 | OT sacrificial-aroma background must be supplied; not assumable prior knowledge. |
| peddling the word | καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον | kapēleuontes ton logon | kramařit se slovem Božím / obchodovat se slovem Božím | Medium-High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:17 | ”Kramář” somewhat archaic; modern equivalent may be needed for the commercializing-the-gospel image to land. |
| sincerity | εἰλικρίνεια | eilikrineia | ryzost / upřímnost | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 2:17 | Risk of flattening to mere “honesty/candor” rather than unmixed purity of motive before God. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | nová smlouva | High | The New Covenant versus the Old (headline) | 3:6 | Inherits baseline “smlouva” commercial-contract collision; compounded by unfamiliar OT covenant background. |
| letter (vs. Spirit) | γράμμα | gramma | litera | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6-7 | Czech idiom “litera zákona” can be leveraged to teach the letter/Spirit contrast. |
| veil | κάλυμμα | kalymma | závoj (NEVER “rouška”) | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:13-16 | ”Rouška” now means pandemic face mask in contemporary Czech; must be explicitly avoided. |
| transformed | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoumetha | proměňovat se | Medium-High | Sanctification (inherited) | 3:18 | Watch for unwanted association with Kafka’s Proměna (The Metamorphosis) in Czech literary culture. |
| freedom | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | svoboda | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:17 | Specific content (freedom from old covenant’s condemning function) must be taught, not assumed. |
| the god of this age | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | ho theos tou aiōnos toutou | bůh tohoto věku (lowercase mandatory) | High | Deity of Christ (contrast, inherited) | 4:4 | Capitalization is the sole signal distinguishing this false “god” from Bůh; sharper version of baseline’s Pán/pán risk. |
| jars of clay | ὄστρακινα σκεύη | ostrakina skeuē | hliněné nádoby | Low-Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:7 | Vivid, concrete; low lexical risk, foundational image for the doctrine. |
| image of God | εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ | eikōn tou theou | obraz Boží | Medium | Deity of Christ (inherited) | 4:4 | Christological specificity (Christ himself as God’s image) must be made explicit. |
| outer/inner man | ὁ ἔξω / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | ho exō/esō anthrōpos | vnější/vnitřní člověk | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:16 | Conceptually novel body/inner-self distinction; transparent once explained. |
| eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | aiōnion baros doxēs | věčná váha slávy | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:17 | ”Weight” metaphor (vs. light/momentary affliction) must be preserved. |
| tent (body) | σκῆνος | skēnos | stan | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:1,4 | Ordinary camping-tent word; pairs with “building from God” for temporary/permanent contrast. |
| building from God | οἰκοδομή ἐκ θεοῦ | oikodomē ek theou | stavba/budova od Boha | Low-Medium | Resurrection (inherited) | 5:1 | Ordinary construction term; concretizes resurrection hope. |
| judgment seat of Christ | τὸ βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | to bēma tou Christou | soudná stolice Kristova | High | Assurance of Salvation (inherited, distinct application) | 5:10 | Must be distinguished from final condemnation; a believers’-works evaluation, not a salvation re-trial. |
| reconciled/reconciliation | καταλλάσσω/καταλλαγή | katallassō/katallagē | smíření / smířit | Critical | Reconciliation with God (headline) | 5:18-20 (3x); implied throughout ch. 5 | Sharpest secular-collision term in this curriculum: live everyday interpersonal/legal-settlement meaning actively competes with, rather than merely fails to supply, Paul’s asymmetrical God-initiated doctrine. |
| ministry | διακονία | diakonia | služba | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority / Reconciliation | 3:6-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 8:4,19-20; 9:1,12-13; 11:8,15,23 | Overwhelmingly a “job/shift/utility service” word in contemporary Czech; commissioned apostolic sense must be actively taught. |
| not counting trespasses | μὴ λογιζόμενος … παραπτώματα | mē logizomenos … paraptōmata | nepřičítat provinění | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Must use přičítat/přičtení word family to preserve the Romans 4 imputation link. |
| ambassadors | πρεσβεύω | presbeuō | velvyslanci / vyslanci | Medium-High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:20 | Modern diplomatic association can be leveraged positively but risks a purely political reading. |
| implore/appeal (urgent) | παρακαλέω (urgent sense) | parakaleō | prosíme / naléhavě vyzýváme | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:20 | Do not default to baseline’s gentler “povzbuzovat” gloss here; context requires the stronger entreaty register. |
| be reconciled to God (passive) | καταλλάγητε τῷ θεῷ | katallagēte tō theō | dejte se smířit s Bohem (NOT “smiřte se”) | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:20 | Grammatical voice is doctrinally load-bearing; must preserve passive/received sense, not active/mutual sense. |
| made him to be sin | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | hamartian epoiēsen | učinil hříchem | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:21 | Forensic imputation, not moral corruption of Christ’s person; mandatory accompanying gloss. |
| knew no sin | τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν | ton mē gnonta hamartian | který nepoznal hřích / byl bez hříchu | High | Reconciliation with God / Sinlessness of Christ | 5:21 | Categorical, not relative, sinlessness. |
| become the righteousness of God | γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ | genōmetha dikaiosynē theou | stali se Boží spravedlností | Critical | Reconciliation with God / Justification (inherited) | 5:21 | Must be anchored to baseline imputed_righteousness; risk of a moral-achievement misreading. |
| unequal yoke | ἑτεροζυγέω | heterozygeō | nedejte se zapřáhnout do cizího jha | Medium-High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority (separation) | 6:14 | Agricultural yoke metaphor unfamiliar to urban secular readers; needs brief explanation. |
| temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | naos theou zōntos | chrám živého Boha | Medium-High | Church as God’s People (inherited) | 6:16 | ”Chrám” can be diluted by secular figurative usage (“temple of culture”); needs OT temple-background anchor. |
| godly grief | λύπη κατὰ θεόν | lypē kata theon | zármutek podle Boha | Medium | Repentance (new sub-doctrine) | 7:9-10 | Ordinary grief word; God-oriented, repentance-producing quality must be actively taught. |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | pokání | High | Repentance | 7:9-10 | RARE case of an actual rival framework in this Language Package: Czech Catholic sacramental-confession association, not merely a blank slate. |
| generosity/sincerity (dual-sense) | ἁπλότης | haplotēs | prostota (sincerity) / štědrost (generosity) | High | Sincerity / Generosity and Grace in Giving | 1:12; 8:2; 9:11,13; 11:3 | Single Greek word requires two distinct Czech renderings by context; consistency must be flagged across the letter. |
| fellowship in giving | κοινωνία τῆς διακονίας | koinōnia tēs diakonias | společenství (na) službě | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:4 | Extension of baseline fellowship term into financial-partnership sense specifically. |
| equality | ἰσότης | isotēs | rovnost | Medium-High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | Heavily loaded modern socio-political term risks importing a contemporary equality-discourse framework. |
| poverty of Christ | πτωχεία | ptōcheia | chudoba (Kristova) | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving / Incarnation (inherited) | 8:9 | Voluntary self-impoverishment, not mere material lack; connects to Incarnation doctrine. |
| cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸν δότην | hilaron dotēn | radostný dárce | Low-Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | Vivid; minor risk of reduction to generic happiness rather than Spirit-produced generosity. |
| sow/reap | σπείρω/θερίζω | speirō/therizō | sít/sklízet | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:6,10 | Common agrarian metaphor; guard against prosperity-gospel misreading. |
| sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | dostatek / veškerý dostatek | Low-Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving / Providence (inherited) | 9:8 | God-given adequacy, not stoic self-sufficiency. |
| weapons of warfare | τὰ ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας | ta hopla tēs strateias | zbraně našeho boje | Low-Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:3-4 | Common metaphor; ensure “not according to the flesh” nature is clear. |
| stronghold | ὀχύρωμα | ochyrōma | pevnost/opevnění | Low | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:4 | Vivid military image transfers well. |
| meekness and gentleness | πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια | prautēs kai epieikeia | tichost a mírnost/vlídnost | Medium-High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:1 | ”Tichost” risks the same quiet/passivity collision documented for baseline’s “pokoj.” |
| self-commendation | συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν | synistanō heauton | doporučovat se | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18 | Specific self-promotion-for-advantage sense needed throughout. |
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι | pseudapostoloi | falešní apoštolové | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship (headline) | 11:13 | Transparent compound; doctrinal weight in the deception’s seriousness, not the vocabulary. |
| ”super-apostles” (ironic) | οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | hoi hyperlian apostoloi | ti nadmíru vynikající apoštolové | Medium-High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | Sarcastic tone easily flattened; translator’s note on irony recommended. |
| craftiness (serpent’s cunning) | πανουργία | panourgia | lstivost | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:3 | Must connote deliberate deception, not mere cleverness. |
| pure virgin (betrothed) | παρθένος ἁγνή | parthenos hagnē | čistá panna | Medium-High | Church as God’s People (inherited, bridal extension) | 11:2 | Bridal/corporate metaphor not an assumed category; needs explicit unpacking. |
| jealousy (God’s, covenantal) | ζῆλος | zēlos | žárlivost (Boží) / horlivost | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:2 | ”Žárlivost” usually reads as petty romantic jealousy in ordinary Czech; positive covenantal sense needs explanation. |
| fool’s speech | ἀφροσύνη | aphrosynē | bláznovství | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:1,17,21 | Connects to 5:13 “blázen” word family; maintain consistency. |
| visions and revelations | ἀποκαλύψεις καὶ ὀπτασίαι | apokalypseis kai optasiai | zjevení a vidění | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 12:1,7 | ”Zjevení” has more cultural traction than most terms (cf. Zjevení Janovo); avoid confusion with Book of Revelation specifically. |
| thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | trn v těle | Medium | Power in Weakness (headline) | 12:7 | Live Czech idiom risks flattening to generic “annoyance” cliché; anchor to 12:8-10. |
| messenger of Satan | ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ | angelos Satana | satanův anděl / posel satanův | Medium-High | Power in Weakness / Providence (inherited) | 12:7 | ”Anděl” carries strong benign folk-Christmas associations in Czech; pairing with “satanův” needs a clarifying note. |
| my grace is sufficient | ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου | arkei soi hē charis mou | Stačí, že máš mou milost | High | Power in Weakness (headline) | 12:9 | Reuses baseline grace term; must not be softened to imply grace merely supplements human effort. |
| power made perfect in weakness | ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται | hē dynamis en astheneia teleioutai | moc se dokonává/naplňuje ve slabosti | High | Power in Weakness (headline) | 12:9 | Preserve the paradox (power through, not merely despite, weakness); flattening loses Paul’s sharper claim. |
| signs of a true apostle | τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | ta sēmeia tou apostolou | znamení apoštolství | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 12:12 | Compound authenticating-evidence concept needs brief unpacking. |
| examine/test yourselves | ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε/δοκιμάζετε | heautous peirazete/dokimazete | zkoušejte/zkoumejte sami sebe | Medium-High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 13:5 | ”Zkouška” evokes a school exam; can be leveraged but risks academic trivialization if not anchored to “whether Christ is in you.” |
| restoration | κατάρτισις | katartisis | napravení / zdokonalení | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 13:9 | Conceptually clear once explained; low secular-collision risk. |
| fellowship of the Holy Spirit | ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | hē koinōnia tou hagiou pneumatos | společenství Ducha svatého | Critical | Trinitarian benediction (inherited categories) | 13:14 | Must render identically across all curriculum documents per baseline cross-document consistency rule. |
| holy kiss | ἐν ἁγίῳ φιλήματι | en hagiō philēmati | svaté políbení | Low-Medium | Christian Fellowship (inherited) | 13:12 | Cultural-practice note needed, not a lexical-ambiguity risk. |
Table C — Doctrine-Level Risk Escalations Specific to This Curriculum
The following doctrines, though built from terms already present in the baseline (with Low/Medium baseline risk ratings), carry elevated practical risk in 2 Corinthians because they are headline doctrines of this specific curriculum and/or receive concentrated, repeated treatment across multiple chapters.
| Doctrine | Baseline-linked term(s) | Baseline risk | Escalated risk in this curriculum | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation with God | καταλλάσσω/καταλλαγή (smíření) | N/A (new term) | Critical | Headline doctrine; sharpest secular-collision risk in the whole curriculum (see Table B). |
| New Creation in Christ | καινὴ κτίσις (nové stvoření) | N/A (new term) | Critical | Headline doctrine; “stvoření” ambiguity (creature vs. creative act) directly threatens the doctrine’s content. |
| Power in Weakness | δύναμις (moc Boží, Medium in baseline) | Medium | High | Headline doctrine; paradox of power-through-weakness must be preserved with precision across chs. 4, 12, 13. |
| Genuine versus False Apostleship | ἀπόστολος (apoštol, Low in baseline) | Low | High | Headline doctrine in this curriculum; though the term itself is stable, the surrounding polemic (chs. 10-12) carries substantial risk of tone/irony loss and doctrinal confusion about authority’s source. |
| The New Covenant versus the Old | διαθήκη (smlouva, High in baseline) | High | High (compounded) | Headline doctrine; compounds baseline’s commercial-contract collision with unfamiliar OT covenant-history background and the added κάλυμμα/“rouška” pandemic-collision risk. |
| Generosity and Grace in Giving | χάρις (milost, High in baseline) | High | High (extended domain) | Headline doctrine; extends grace doctrine into financial giving, a domain where Czech secular framing (charity as personal virtue, not divine enabling) could silently override the theology. |
| Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | εἰλικρίνεια, ἁπλότης (new terms) | N/A | Medium-High | Headline doctrine; depends on several new terms (Table B) functioning correctly together across chs. 1-2, 10-13. |
| Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | θλῖψις, παράκλησις (new terms) | N/A | Medium-High | Headline doctrine; foundational to chs. 1, 4, 6-7, 11-12; risk is primarily conceptual scaffolding rather than lexical collision. |
Review Routing Summary (for Doctrine Risk Registry, Phase 1 Step onward)
- Critical (human theologian review mandatory, every occurrence): reconciliation/reconciled (smíření), new creation (nové stvoření), not counting trespasses (nepřičítat provinění), be reconciled to God (dejte se smířit s Bohem), made him to be sin (učinil hříchem), become the righteousness of God (stali se Boží spravedlností), fellowship of the Holy Spirit (společenství Ducha svatého) — plus all baseline Critical-tier reused terms (spasení, Pán, Syn Boží, Bůh, Duch svatý, Ježíš, přičtená spravedlnost, ospravedlnění, spravedlnost).
- High (human theologian review required): grace-in-giving extension (milost), veil (závoj, due to rouška-collision risk), judgment seat of Christ (soudná stolice Kristova), ministry (služba), repentance (pokání, due to genuine rival-framework risk), generosity/sincerity dual-sense (ἁπλότης), my grace is sufficient / power made perfect in weakness (milost / moc Boží), guarantee/pledge (závdavek), the god of this age (bůh tohoto věku), knew no sin — plus doctrine-level escalations in Table C.
- Medium (native speaker review recommended): comfort, affliction, seal, aroma of Christ, peddling the word, sincerity (εἰλικρίνεια), letter, freedom, image of God, outer/inner man, eternal weight of glory, tent, building from God, godly grief, fellowship in giving, equality, poverty of Christ, meekness and gentleness, self-commendation, false apostles, super-apostles, craftiness, pure virgin, jealousy (God’s), fool’s speech, visions and revelations, thorn in the flesh, messenger of Satan, signs of a true apostle, examine/test yourselves, restoration.
- Low (automated review sufficient): jars of clay, sow/reap, sufficiency, weapons of warfare, stronghold, cheerful giver, holy kiss.
This glossary extends the baseline Romans Language Package for Czech and must be loaded alongside translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 translation of 2 Corinthians material. New terms marked [NEW] above require formal registry entries (parallel to bible_term_registry.json structure) before Phase 2 begins; this is addressed in subsequent Phase 1 steps.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: spravedlnost
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost výhradně v moderním občanském/právním smyslu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Right standing before God, received through faith rather than achieved through works. 2 Korintským 5:21’s climactic ‘stali se Boží spravedlností’ is the doctrinal peak of the core passage and must be anchored explicitly to the baseline’s imputed-righteousness teaching.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: spasení chápané pouze jako archaický, literární výraz z Bible kralické bez skutečného obsahu pro čtenáře
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Risks registering as an archaic literary word carrying no live conceptual content. 2 Korintským 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 — must be accompanied by narrative explanation (from what, to what, by whom), exactly as required in Romans.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
[Inherited from Romans package] Bodily, historical, once-for-all rising from death. 2 Korintským 5:15 ties Christ’s resurrection directly into the core passage’s reconciliation logic; the Easter/pomlázka folk-custom detachment risk documented in the baseline applies fully here.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ ve smyslu běžného zdvořilostního oslovení (‘pane’)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Capitalization is the only orthographic signal distinguishing exclusive divine lordship from an everyday honorific. 2 Korintským uses κύριος pervasively (1:2-3; 4:5; 5:6,8,11; 8:9,19,21; 10:17-18; 13:14), multiplying exposure to this risk; each occurrence needs the same active teaching the baseline requires for Romans 10:9.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boží
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Full phrase required. 2 Korintským 1:19 (‘the Son of God, Jesus Christ’) requires the full phrase; do not abbreviate.
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] God as personal Father. 2 Korintským 1:3’s unique expansion ‘Otec veškerého milosrdenství’ and 13:14’s benediction both require the baseline’s active teaching of divine fatherhood as distinct from ordinary human fatherhood.
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard and unambiguous. 2 Korintským 4:4’s ‘bůh tohoto věku’ requires strict lowercase distinction from Bůh — a sharper version of the baseline’s Pán/pán capitalization-fragility risk, since here capitalization distinguishes the true God from a named rival, not merely a title from an honorific.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard and unambiguous personal third Person of the Trinity. 2 Korintským 3:1-18 is a dense concentration of Spirit-theology; 13:14’s Trinitarian benediction is the highest-stakes single occurrence and must be rendered identically across every document in this curriculum.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard and stable, though also functions as a common secular interjection/mild profanity in colloquial Czech; formal doctrinal material must never echo this casual exclamatory register.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: přičtená spravedlnost
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost vnímaná pouze jako výsledek vlastního mravního zlepšení
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Righteousness credited to a believer by faith, not earned. 2 Korintským 5:19 (‘not counting their trespasses’) and 5:21 (‘become the righteousness of God’) both draw on the same λογίζομαι accounting-family verb as Romans 4; the přičítat/přičtení word family MUST be used consistently across both curricula or the forensic-accounting link is severed.
New Creation
Approved rendering: nové stvoření
Transliteration: kainē ktisis
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: nový člověk (posouvá důraz k mravní obnově jednotlivce, riziko sebezdokonalovacího čtení)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
2 Korintským 5:17. HEADLINE DOCTRINE TERM. ‘Stvoření’ colloquially can mean simply ‘a creature’ (e.g. ‘chudé stvoření’), risking a reading of merely a different individual rather than participation in God’s cosmic re-creating act. Must never stand bare; always pair with narrative gloss (what is old, what is new, on what basis). Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: smíření / smířit
Transliteration: katallassō / katallagē
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: usmíření (stejná mutual/negotiated konotace, zamítnuto jako duplicitní varianta)
Original: καταλλάσσω / καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:18-20. HEADLINE DOCTRINE TERM and the sharpest secular-collision risk in this curriculum: unlike most baseline blank-slate terms, ‘smíření’ is a live ordinary Czech word for interpersonal or legal settlement between two comparably-positioned parties, and is also the standard Czech term for the Roman Catholic sacrament of Reconciliation (‘svátost smíření’). Every occurrence must carry an explicit note that this reconciliation is asymmetrical, God-initiated, and once-for-all — not a mutual compromise nor a repeatable sacramental rite. Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence.
Message Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: slovo smíření
Transliteration: ho logos tēs katallagēs
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:19. Inherits the full Critical risk of ‘smíření’; reconciliation is content to be proclaimed, not merely a status, grounding evangelism/mission doctrine inherited from Romans.
Not Counting Trespasses
Approved rendering: nepřičítat jim jejich provinění
Transliteration: mē logizomenos … ta paraptōmata
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: odpustit (obecné ‘odpustit’ by přerušilo účetní/přičítací vazbu na Římanům 4)
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος … τὰ παραπτώματα
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:19. Must use the přičítat/přičtení verb family to preserve consistency with baseline ‘přičtená spravedlnost’ (Romans 4); substituting a generic ‘odpustit’ (forgive) severs the forensic-accounting link and must be flagged for theologian review if it occurs. Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence.
Be Reconciled To God
Approved rendering: dejte se smířit s Bohem
Transliteration: katallagēte tō theō
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: smiřte se s Bohem (reflexivní tvar, implikuje vzájemné/aktivní smíření; ZAKÁZÁNO)
Original: καταλλάγητε τῷ θεῷ
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:20. Passive imperative: the hearer is called to receive an already-accomplished reconciliation, not achieve one. Czech grammar allows both a reflexive ‘smiřte se’ (implying the hearer does the reconciling work) and a permissive ‘dejte se smířit’ (allow yourselves to be reconciled); this deliberately departs from the more common ČEP/JER phrasing ‘smiřte se.’ Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence.
Made Him To Be Sin
Approved rendering: učinil hříchem
Transliteration: hamartian epoiēsen
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:21. Forensic identification, not moral corruption of Christ’s person. Without an accompanying gloss this risks being misread as a Christological heresy (Christ becoming morally sinful). Mandatory accompanying gloss and human theologian review on every occurrence.
Become Righteousness Of God
Approved rendering: stali se Boží spravedlností
Transliteration: genōmetha dikaiosynē theou
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:21. Climactic statement of the core passage; must be anchored explicitly to baseline ‘přičtená spravedlnost’ (Romans 4/Abraham) or a Czech reader will default to ‘we became morally good/just.’ Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence.
Fellowship Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: společenství Ducha svatého
Transliteration: hē koinōnia tou hagiou pneumatos
Doctrine: The Trinitarian Benediction
Original: ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: God
2 Korintským 13:14. Must render identically across every document in this curriculum per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule; basic Trinitarian framework cannot be assumed and should be briefly noted alongside. Mandatory human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Established Kralice-tradition term, still used in ordinary Czech for judicial mercy/clemency; needs explicit unpacking as unmerited divine favor. Extended in 2 Korintským 8-9 into the domain of financial giving (8:1,9; 9:8,14; 12:9); the Macedonians’ generosity must be taught as grace-caused, not a human achievement praised on its own terms.
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu (např. ‘víra v sebe sama’, víra ve výsledek)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package] Personal trust in Christ; the object of faith must be specified explicitly every time. 2 Korintským 5:7 (‘walk by faith, not by sight’) requires the unseen object (Christ, future glory) to be made explicit.
Saints
Approved rendering: svatí
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: svatí výhradně jako historické, kanonizované osobnosti vzdálené od běžného čtenáře
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Corporate designation for every believer. In 2 Korintským 8:4, 9:1,12, 13:12 must retain the baseline’s ‘every believer’ clarification, distinct from the Czech calendar’s saints’-name-day folk association.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: posvěcení
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: posvěcení výhradně jako rituální/symbolický akt bez trvalého obsahu (např. ‘posvěcení stavby’)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package] The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy. 2 Korintským 3:18’s ‘proměňujeme se’ (transformed) expresses this doctrine with a different lexeme; use the doctrine name ‘posvěcení’ in teaching material even where ‘proměňujeme se’ is the verse-level rendering, and flag the unwanted Kafka Proměna literary echo.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: vtělení
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Established theological term with very low everyday secular use. 2 Korintským 8:9 (‘though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor’) is this curriculum’s key incarnational text, connecting the doctrine to voluntary self-impoverishment.
Law
Approved rendering: zákon
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] The Mosaic law/Torah; also the ordinary word for civil legislation. Implicit background to 2 Korintským 3:6-15’s letter/Spirit and Moses’ veil argument.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: hřích s oslabeným, žertovným významem (např. ‘to je hřích nechat to jídlo vyhodit’)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package] Czech colloquially weakens ‘hřích’ to ‘a shame/pity.’ 2 Korintským 5:21’s double use (‘made him to be sin who knew no sin’) is the single most doctrinally dense occurrence of this term outside Romans; this colloquial flattening poses an acute risk here given the verse’s theological weight.
Covenant
Approved rendering: smlouva
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: smlouva výhradně jako běžná obchodní nebo právní smlouva
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] ‘Smlouva’ defaults to an ordinary commercial/legal contract. 2 Korintským 3:6,14 (‘old covenant’/‘new covenant’) is the highest-frequency load-bearing use of this term outside Romans and anchors the headline New Covenant versus Old doctrine.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boží
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard, unambiguous rendering, but risk tier is elevated for this curriculum (from baseline Medium) given the headline Power in Weakness doctrine’s concentrated use (4:7; 6:7; 12:9,12; 13:4); the paradox of power displayed THROUGH weakness must be preserved precisely at 12:9.
Beside Ourselves
Approved rendering: blázni (jsme-li)
Transliteration: existēmi
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: blázni v klinickém smyslu duševní nemoci bez vysvětlující glosy
Original: ἐξίστημι
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 5:13. ČEP-tradition rendering ‘blázni’ is a strong Czech word that can denote genuine mental illness, not mere eccentricity; requires a clarifying gloss distinguishing Paul’s rhetorical self-deprecation before critics from an actual admission of instability.
Died For All
Approved rendering: zemřel za všechny
Transliteration: hyper pantōn apethanen
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:14-15. Ordinary preposition ‘za’ is linguistically adequate but doctrinally flat; substitutionary/atoning content must be explicitly taught, not assumed — same risk pattern as baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry.
Flesh
Approved rendering: tělo
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
2 Korintským 5:16 (‘podle těla’). Czech ‘tělo’ is overwhelmingly a neutral anatomical word; Paul’s specialized sense (a fallen, merely-human evaluative standard) carries no independent life in secular Czech and must be built up from scratch, exactly as documented for baseline ‘hřích’ and ‘spravedlnost.‘
Ministry
Approved rendering: služba
Transliteration: diakonia
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: διακονία
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 3:6-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 8:4,19-20; 9:1,12-13; 11:8,15,23. Contemporary secular Czech uses ‘služba’ overwhelmingly for a job shift, a utility, or customer service; the commissioned, Spirit-empowered apostolic sense must be actively distinguished from ‘just doing a job.‘
Ambassadors
Approved rendering: velvyslanci / vyslanci Kristovi
Transliteration: presbeuō
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 5:20. ‘Velvyslanec’ usefully concretizes authorized representation for a secular reader but risks a purely political/diplomatic reading rather than spiritual commissioning; a clarifying note, not a lexical change, is recommended.
Knew No Sin
Approved rendering: který nepoznal hřích / byl bez hříchu
Transliteration: ton mē gnonta hamartian
Doctrine: Sinlessness of Christ
Rejected alternatives: který dělal málo špatných věcí (oslabuje kategorickou bezhříšnost na pouhou relativní mravní převahu)
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν
Category: Christology
2 Korintským 5:21. Christ’s total, categorical sinlessness is the necessary premise for a valid substitution; must not be softened to relative moral superiority.
Guarantee Pledge
Approved rendering: závdavek
Transliteration: arrabōn
Doctrine: Assurance through the Spirit’s Pledge and Seal
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Assurance
2 Korintským 1:22; 5:5. Live, everyday Czech commercial-deposit term (a deposit paid when buying property or signing a contract); unusually the secular meaning here is precisely on point, but must be explicitly reframed as a personal pledge FROM GOD or the commercial frame may crowd out the relational one.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: nová smlouva
Transliteration: kainē diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
2 Korintským 3:6. HEADLINE DOCTRINE TERM. Inherits baseline ‘smlouva’ commercial-contract collision; compounded by unfamiliar Old Testament covenant-history background.
Veil
Approved rendering: závoj
Transliteration: kalymma
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: rouška (nyní v současné češtině téměř výhradně pandemická obličejová rouška; ZAKÁZÁNO)
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
2 Korintským 3:13-16. Must use ‘závoj’ (bridal/mourning veil); NEVER ‘rouška,’ which has become overwhelmingly associated with COVID-19 pandemic face masks and would produce an absurd, doctrinally distracting anachronism. Confirmed across the whole translation landscape (BKR, NBK, ČEP, JER).
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: bůh tohoto věku
Transliteration: ho theos tou aiōnos toutou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Bůh tohoto věku (velké ‘B’ by omylem tvrdilo, že se jedná o pravého Boha)
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: God
2 Korintským 4:4. Capitalization is the sole orthographic signal distinguishing this defeated false ‘god’ from Bůh — a sharper parallel to the baseline’s Pán/pán fragility, since here capitalization distinguishes the true God from a named rival power, not merely a title from an honorific. Automated capitalization validation required on every occurrence in addition to human review.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: soudná stolice Kristova
Transliteration: to bēma tou Christou
Doctrine: Believers’ Accountability at Christ’s Judgment Seat
Original: τὸ βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
2 Korintským 5:10. ‘Soud’ carries strong criminal/civil litigation and condemnation associations in ordinary Czech; must be actively distinguished from the baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine (Romans 8:1, ‘no condemnation’) — an evaluative reckoning for believers already secure in Christ, not a re-litigation of salvation.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pokání
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: Godly Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Godly Repentance
2 Korintským 7:9-10. RARE genuine rival framework in this Language Package: ‘pokání’ carries a live association with the institutional Catholic sacrament of penance/confession, reinforced by historical Hussite/Reformation-era memory of conflict over this exact practice. Readers may default to ‘a ritual act performed before a priest’ rather than Paul’s whole-person, Spirit-wrought reorientation. Mandatory human theologian review, with explicit distinguishing note at every occurrence.
Generosity Sincerity
Approved rendering: prostota (upřímnost) / štědrost (dárcovství)
Transliteration: haplotēs
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: jediné slovo pro obě roviny významu (zamítnuto — v češtině neexistuje)
Original: ἁπλότης
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 1:12; 8:2; 9:11,13; 11:3. A single Greek word functions in two related but distinguishable senses. Must select per occurrence: ‘prostota’ for sincerity of motive (1:12; 11:3), ‘štědrost’ for open-handed generosity (8:2; 9:11,13). Consistency across the whole letter must be flagged for review.
Grace Is Sufficient
Approved rendering: Stačí, že máš mou milost
Transliteration: arkei soi hē charis mou
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου
Category: Power in Weakness
2 Korintským 12:9. One of the most quoted verses of the letter; any softening (implying grace merely supplements human effort rather than sufficing entirely) undermines this headline doctrine. Flag for theologian review.
Power Made Perfect In Weakness
Approved rendering: moc se dokonává / naplňuje ve slabosti
Transliteration: hē dynamis en astheneia teleioutai
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: moc se projevuje i ve slabosti (zeslabuje paradox na ‘i přes’ slabost)
Original: ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται
Category: Power in Weakness
2 Korintským 12:9. HEADLINE DOCTRINE TERM. The paradox (power displayed THROUGH, not merely despite, weakness) must be preserved with precision; a flattened rendering (‘God’s power helps us even when we’re weak’) loses Paul’s sharper claim. Mandatory human theologian review.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: zkoušejte / zkoumejte sami sebe
Transliteration: heautous peirazete … dokimazete
Doctrine: Self-Examination and the Assurance of Genuine Faith
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε … δοκιμάζετε
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 13:5. ‘Zkouška’ is the dominant modern Czech word for a school exam; risks trivializing into an academic self-quiz unless explicitly anchored to ‘whether Christ is in you’ and connected to the baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package] Established term. Appears in 2 Korintským 1:1, 7:1, 13:12 without new complications.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: pokoj ve smyslu pouhého klidu či nepřítomnosti hluku
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Relational peace with God through justification. Standard closing-benediction use at 2 Korintským 13:11; distinguish from ‘pokoj’ as mere quiet.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: duchovní dary
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Only implicitly present in 2 Korintským (e.g. 1:11, prayer support); retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency rather than a major theme in this book.
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Keep distinct from ‘kostel’ (building). 2 Korintským is itself addressed to ‘the church of God that is in Corinth’ (1:1) and references the Macedonian churches (8:1,18-19,23-24).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pohané
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Only implicit in 2 Korintským (no direct major occurrence); retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] God’s radiant honor and presence; guard against the ordinary ‘worldly fame’ sense. 2 Korintským 3-4 makes glory a dominant, concentrated theme (Moses’ fading glory vs. new covenant’s permanent glory, 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6); escalate practical review attention given the sheer frequency and doctrinal centrality here.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: bázeň Boží
Transliteration: phobos tou kyriou
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: strach (běžné slovo pro úzkost/paniku)
Original: φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Faith
2 Korintským 5:11. Reverential accountability before Christ as coming Judge; must be distinguished from ‘strach’ (ordinary fright) or a secular reader will import a purely negative, servile emotion rather than reverent accountability.
Boasting
Approved rendering: chlouba / chlubit se
Transliteration: kauchēma / kauchaomai
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 5:12; 10:12-18; 11; 12. Carries the same positive/negative ambiguity as the Greek (arrogant self-praise vs. rightful confidence ‘in the Lord,’ 10:17); context must clarify which sense is active at each occurrence.
Love Of Christ
Approved rendering: láska Kristova
Transliteration: agapē tou Christou
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
2 Korintským 5:14; 13:14 (Trinitarian benediction). ‘Láska’ is broad, everyday Czech covering romantic/familial/generic affection; the specifically self-sacrificial, cross-defined sense must be actively taught.
Controls Compels
Approved rendering: svírá nás / žene nás
Transliteration: synechō
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνέχω
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 5:14. Must convey positive, singular, all-encompassing constraint; must not be confused with a negative ‘svírá’ as in anxiety or oppression.
In Christ
Approved rendering: v Kristu
Transliteration: en Christō
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
2 Korintským 5:17. Grammatically simple but conceptually foreign; requires the same foundational scaffolding the baseline requires for Romans’ Christian Identity in Christ doctrine.
Implore Appeal
Approved rendering: prosíme / naléhavě vyzýváme
Transliteration: parakaleō (urgent sense)
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: povzbuzovat (baseline gentler gloss; too weak for this urgent-entreaty sense)
Original: παρακαλέω (urgent sense)
Category: Reconciliation
2 Korintským 5:20. The baseline’s gentler gloss ‘povzbuzovat’ (encourage) must NOT be used here; context requires the stronger urgent-entreaty register.
Comfort
Approved rendering: útěcha / potěšení
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
2 Korintským 1:3-7; 7:4,13. Ordinary word risks a passive, sympathy-only reading; must convey God’s active comforting initiative — pair the noun with active verbs of God’s initiative (‘Bůh nás potěšuje’).
Affliction
Approved rendering: soužení
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
2 Korintským 1:4,8; 2:4; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2,13. Recognizable but literary in contemporary Czech; needs concrete narrative unpacking (Paul’s near-despair, 1:8) so it isn’t read as vague ‘trouble.‘
Seal
Approved rendering: pečeť / zapečetit
Transliteration: sphragis / sphragizō
Doctrine: Assurance through the Spirit’s Pledge and Seal
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Assurance
2 Korintským 1:22. Stable legal/postal image in Czech (official seals, sealed documents); transfers reasonably well but needs the ownership/security nuance made explicit.
Father Of Mercies
Approved rendering: Otec veškerého milosrdenství
Transliteration: ho patēr tōn oiktirmōn
Doctrine: God
Original: ὁ πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν
Category: God
2 Korintským 1:3. A unique 2 Corinthians expansion of the baseline Critical-tier Father term; the personal, fatherly warmth needs active emphasis given low background familiarity with God-as-Father language.
Gods Yes
Approved rendering: Ano (Boží)
Transliteration: to nai kai to ou
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness to His Promises
Original: τὸ ναὶ καὶ τὸ οὒ
Category: God
2 Korintským 1:18-20. Idiomatically translatable; underlying doctrine of divine promise-keeping needs the same foundational teaching the baseline requires for Romans’ Fulfillment of Prophecy doctrine.
Forgive Grant
Approved rendering: odpustit / prokázat milost
Transliteration: charizomai
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Forgiveness
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Church
2 Korintským 2:7,10. Same root as χάρις/grace; note this word-family continuity for teaching consistency with the baseline grace doctrine (milost). Risk is conceptual — the corporate, congregational dimension of forgiveness is not supplied by the word alone.
Aroma Of Christ
Approved rendering: vůně Kristova
Transliteration: euōdia Christou
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: εὐωδία Χριστοῦ
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 2:14-16. Metaphor translates vividly, but the Old Testament sacrificial-aroma background (Leviticus) cannot be assumed as prior knowledge and must be supplied for the metaphor’s logic to land.
Peddling The Word
Approved rendering: kramařit se slovem Božím / obchodovat se slovem Božím
Transliteration: kapēleuontes ton logon
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 2:17. ‘Kramář’ (peddler) is somewhat archaic Czech; ‘obchodovat se slovem Božím’ (trade in God’s word) may be needed for the commercializing-the-gospel sense to land for a modern reader.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: ryzost / upřímnost
Transliteration: eilikrineia
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 1:12; 2:17. ‘Upřímnost’ risks flattening to mere honesty/candor; prefer ‘ryzost’ (unmixed purity) where the contrast with mixed/impure motive is Paul’s actual point.
Letter
Approved rendering: litera
Transliteration: gramma
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα
Category: Covenant
2 Korintským 3:6-7. Existing Czech idiom ‘litera zákona’ (the letter of the law) is a genuine asset here and should be leveraged positively to teach the letter/Spirit contrast.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: obraz Boží
Transliteration: eikōn tou theou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
2 Korintským 4:4. Stable term but the specific Christological claim (Christ himself, not merely humanity generally, as God’s perfect image) must be made explicit.
Inner Outer Man
Approved rendering: vnější / vnitřní člověk
Transliteration: ho exō / ho esō anthrōpos
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὁ ἔξω / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
2 Korintským 4:16. Conceptually novel body/inner-self distinction for a secular reader with no prior category, but linguistically transparent once explained.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: věčná váha slávy
Transliteration: aiōnion baros doxēs
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: obecné ‘velká sláva’ (ztrácí kontrast lehké/těžké)
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
2 Korintským 4:17. Must preserve the ‘weight’ metaphor contrasted with light/momentary affliction; do not flatten to a generic ‘great glory.‘
Tent
Approved rendering: stan
Transliteration: skēnos
Doctrine: Present Suffering and the Hope of the Resurrection Body
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Eschatology
2 Korintským 5:1,4. Ordinary camping-tent word; helpfully concretizes impermanence but risks a trivializing camping association unless explicitly paired with the contrasting ‘building from God.‘
Building From God
Approved rendering: stavba od Boha / budova od Boha
Transliteration: oikodomē ek theou
Doctrine: Present Suffering and the Hope of the Resurrection Body
Original: οἰκοδομή ἐκ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
2 Korintským 5:1. Ordinary construction term; pairs naturally with ‘stan’ to make the temporary/permanent contrast vivid.
Unequal Yoke
Approved rendering: nedejte se zapřáhnout do cizího jha
Transliteration: heterozygeō
Doctrine: The Church’s Exclusive Devotion to Christ
Rejected alternatives: nespřahujte se (abstraktnější, ztrácí obraz jha)
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 6:14. The agricultural yoke metaphor is largely unfamiliar to an urban secular Czech readership; needs brief explanation to land.
Temple Of Living God
Approved rendering: chrám živého Boha
Transliteration: naos theou zōntos
Doctrine: The Church’s Exclusive Devotion to Christ
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
2 Korintským 6:16. ‘Chrám’ can be diluted by secular figurative usage (‘chrám kultury,’ temple of culture); needs an explanatory anchor to the Old Testament temple background and its exclusive covenantal claim.
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: zármutek podle Boha
Transliteration: lypē kata theon
Doctrine: Godly Repentance
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Godly Repentance
2 Korintským 7:9-10. Ordinary grief word; the God-oriented, repentance-producing quality needs explicit unpacking, not assumed from the word alone.
Fellowship In Giving
Approved rendering: společenství (na) službě
Transliteration: koinōnia tēs diakonias
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: κοινωνία τῆς διακονίας
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 8:4. Extension of the baseline fellowship term (společenství, Low) into a specific financial-partnership sense; needs its own brief explanation so it is not read as merely social camaraderie.
Equality
Approved rendering: rovnost
Transliteration: isotēs
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 8:13-14. Heavily loaded modern Czech socio-political term (equal rights, gender equality discourse); readers risk importing a contemporary political framework onto Paul’s voluntary, congregation-to-congregation economic-sharing concept. Anchor to the manna narrative Paul cites (8:15).
Poverty Of Christ
Approved rendering: chudoba (Kristova)
Transliteration: ptōcheia
Doctrine: Christ’s Voluntary Self-Impoverishment
Original: πτωχεία
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 8:9. Ordinary word for poverty; must be qualified as voluntary self-impoverishment for others’ enrichment, connecting to the baseline Incarnation doctrine, not mere material lack.
Meekness Gentleness
Approved rendering: tichost a mírnost / vlídnost
Transliteration: prautēs kai epieikeia
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 10:1. ‘Tichost’ risks the same quiet/passivity collision documented for baseline ‘pokoj’; a reader may hear mere quietness rather than a strong, Christ-like restrained gentleness coexisting with real authority.
Self Commendation
Approved rendering: doporučovat se
Transliteration: synistanō heauton
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18. Needs the specific ‘self-promotion for advantage’ sense at every occurrence, distinct from a neutral letter of reference.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: falešní apoštolové
Transliteration: pseudapostoloi
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 11:13. Transparent compound with low lexical risk; the doctrinal weight lies in conveying the seriousness of the deception (11:14-15), not the vocabulary itself.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: ti nadmíru vynikající apoštolové
Transliteration: hoi hyperlian apostoloi
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 11:5; 12:11. The ironic/sarcastic tone is easy to flatten; a translator’s note flagging the irony is recommended at every occurrence so it is not read as sincere praise.
Craftiness
Approved rendering: lstivost
Transliteration: panourgia
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: πανουργία
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 11:3. Less common word in everyday Czech; needs to clearly connote deliberate deception, not mere cleverness.
Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: čistá panna
Transliteration: parthenos hagnē
Doctrine: The Church’s Exclusive Devotion to Christ
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Church
2 Korintským 11:2. The bridal/betrothal metaphor for corporate identity is not an assumed cultural category for most secular readers; needs explicit unpacking, distinct from any individual purity-culture reading.
Jealousy Of God
Approved rendering: žárlivost (Boží) / horlivost
Transliteration: zēlos
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ζῆλος
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 11:2. ‘Žárlivost’ usually carries a negative, petty-emotion connotation (romantic jealousy) in ordinary Czech; the positive covenantal sense needs active explanation to avoid an unflattering reading of God’s character.
Fools Speech
Approved rendering: bláznovství
Transliteration: aphrosynē
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἀφροσύνη
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 11:1,17,21. Connects to the 5:13 ‘blázen’ word family; consistency of this word family across the letter should be maintained and flagged for review.
Visions Revelations
Approved rendering: zjevení a vidění
Transliteration: apokalypseis kai optasiai
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἀποκαλύψεις καὶ ὀπτασίαι
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 12:1,7. ‘Zjevení’ has more cultural traction than most terms in this glossary (cf. ‘Zjevení Janovo,’ the Czech title of Revelation); still needs framing so it isn’t confused with the Book of Revelation specifically.
Thorn In Flesh
Approved rendering: trn v těle
Transliteration: skolops tē sarki
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
2 Korintským 12:7. Already a live, well-known Czech idiom for a persistent irritant; risks flattening to a generic ‘ongoing annoyance’ cliché rather than Paul’s specific, theologically purposeful affliction; needs anchoring to 12:8-10.
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: satanův anděl / posel satanův
Transliteration: angelos Satana
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ
Category: Power in Weakness
2 Korintským 12:7. ‘Anděl’ carries strong benign folk-Christmas associations in Czech (‘andílek’); pairing with ‘satanův’ is intentionally jarring in the Greek but needs a clarifying note so it does not merely confuse a reader whose only mental category for ‘angel’ is decorative and benevolent.
Signs Of True Apostle
Approved rendering: znamení apoštolství
Transliteration: ta sēmeia tou apostolou
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 12:12. Compound authenticating-evidence concept needs brief unpacking; do not assume the reader already has a category for ‘apostolic signs’ as evidence of authority.
Restoration
Approved rendering: napravení / zdokonalení
Transliteration: katartisis
Doctrine: Restoration and Peace in the Church
Original: κατάρτισις
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
2 Korintským 13:9. Conceptually clear once explained; low secular-collision risk. Paul’s stated goal for his corrective letter — restoration, not condemnation.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apoštol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Established, stable term. In 2 Korintským 11-12 the surrounding polemic about genuine versus false apostleship carries substantial doctrinal risk (see Genuine versus False Apostleship doctrine), distinct from the word’s own lexical stability.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: díkůvzdání
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard but somewhat formal/literary term. Frequent in 2 Korintským (1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15); standard reuse throughout.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: společenství
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Shared participation in Christ. Extended in 2 Korintským into a financial-partnership sense (8:4) and into the Trinitarian benediction (13:13-14); context-sensitivity must be flagged so the financial extension is not read as mere social camaraderie.
Exhort
Approved rendering: povzbuzovat
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package] Context-sensitive; fits the gentler encouragement sense (1:4; 2:8), but 2 Korintským 5:20’s urgent entreaty sense (‘we implore you… be reconciled’) requires the stronger register ‘prosíme / naléhavě vyzýváme’ and must NOT default to this gentler gloss there — see ‘implore_appeal’ entry.
Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: hliněné nádoby
Transliteration: ostrakina skeuē
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ὄστρακινα σκεύη
Category: Power in Weakness
2 Korintským 4:7. Vivid and concrete; transfers well, needs only conceptual pairing with the ‘treasure’ it contains.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: radostný dárce
Transliteration: hilaron dotēn
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸν δότην
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 9:7. Vivid, transfers naturally; minor risk of reduction to generic happiness rather than Spirit-produced generosity.
Sow Reap
Approved rendering: sít / sklízet
Transliteration: speirō / therizō
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 9:6,10. Common agrarian metaphor; guard against a prosperity-gospel misreading (give-to-get) if not paired with the passage’s actual emphasis on God’s provision for further generosity.
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: dostatek / veškerý dostatek
Transliteration: autarkeia
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
2 Korintským 9:8. Straightforward; ensure it reads as God-given adequacy, not a stoic self-sufficiency, the term’s classical philosophical background which Paul repurposes theocentrically.
Weapons Of Warfare
Approved rendering: zbraně našeho boje
Transliteration: ta hopla tēs strateias
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare in Ministry
Original: τὰ ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 10:3-4. Common metaphor, well understood; ensure ‘not according to the flesh’ (v.4) is rendered so the divinely-empowered nature of the weapons is clear.
Stronghold
Approved rendering: pevnost / opevnění
Transliteration: ochyrōma
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare in Ministry
Original: ὀχύρωμα
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
2 Korintským 10:4. Vivid military image transfers well.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: svaté políbení
Transliteration: en hagiō philēmati
Doctrine: The Holy Kiss as a Greeting Custom
Original: ἐν ἁγίῳ φιλήματι
Category: Church
2 Korintským 13:12. Not a translation-ambiguity risk but a cultural-practice one; contemporary Czech greeting customs do not include kissing as a standard church greeting, so a brief cultural note rather than a lexical change is appropriate.
Referenced passages