Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews (Czech Destination Language)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering Hebrews chapters 1-13 in full. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Reused (baseline) and MUST use the exact recorded Czech rendering; no alternative may be substituted. Terms new to this Hebrews Language Package are marked New (Hebrews) and are proposed here for adoption into the Phase 2 translation memory.
Risk tiers follow the baseline convention: Critical (human theologian review mandatory, no deviation permitted), High (human theologian review required), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient).
A. Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in Hebrews
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine Category | Chapters Cited | Notes for Hebrews Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Bůh | Critical | Deity of Christ / God | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 | No change from baseline. |
| Jesus | Ježíš | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13 | No change from baseline. |
| Christ | Kristus | Critical | Christ as Great High Priest | 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13 | Established proper-name form per baseline AI instructions. |
| Son of God | Syn Boží | Critical | Sonship / Superiority over Angels | 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Central to the Superiority-over-Angels doctrine; use full phrase per baseline rule. |
| Holy Spirit | Duch svatý | Critical | Sanctification | 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 | Cf. “eternal Spirit” (9:14), a distinct phrase requiring a translator note (see New Terms below). |
| Father | Otec | Critical | Adoption / Discipline | 12 | Used of God’s fatherly discipline in Ch. 12. |
| Law | zákon | High | Old Covenant / Superiority over Moses | 3, 7, 8, 9, 10 | Consistently the Mosaic Law throughout Hebrews. |
| Sin | hřích | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 | The single most frequent theological term in Hebrews; colloquial “shame/pity” flattening risk applies throughout. |
| Grace | milost | High | Access to God / New Covenant | 2, 4, 10, 12, 13 | Judicial-clemency collision risk applies especially at 4:16 “throne of grace” and 12:15 (“falls short of grace”). |
| Faith | víra | High | Faith of the OT Saints | 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13 | Chapter 11’s 18-fold repeated refrain “by faith” (vírou) requires strict rendering consistency. |
| Called / Calling | povolaný / povolání | High | New Covenant | 3, 9, 11 | Cf. Heb 9:15 “those who are called,” 3:1 “holy calling.” |
| Holy | svatý | High | Sanctification | 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13 | Applied to God’s people, God’s presence, and the “Holiest of All.” |
| Sanctification | posvěcení | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2, 9, 10, 13 | Central to Ch. 9-10’s argument that Christ’s sacrifice sanctifies once for all. |
| Resurrection | vzkříšení | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 6, 11, 13 | Heb 13:20 “brought back from the dead” (ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν); Heb 11:35 speaks of resurrection hope of OT saints. |
| Lord | Pán | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1, 2, 7, 12, 13 | Cf. Heb 1:10, 2:3, 7:14, 13:20. |
| Glory | sláva | High | Superiority over Angels | 1, 2, 3, 9, 13 | Cf. “radiance of glory” (1:3), a related but distinct new term (ἀπαύγασμα). |
| Peace | pokoj | Medium | Access to God | 7, 12, 13 | Melchizedek as “king of peace” (7:2); “pursue peace” (12:14). |
| Covenant | smlouva | High | New Covenant versus Old | 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 | The single most structurally important reused term in Hebrews; see Critical wordplay note for 9:16-17 in New Terms below. |
| Election / Called (effectual) | vyvolení / povolaný | High | New Covenant | 9, 11 | Minor presence; Hebrews emphasizes “calling” more than “election” vocabulary directly. |
| Intercession | přímluva | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest | 7, 9 | Heb 7:25 “he always lives to make intercession”; connects directly to ch. 9’s ἐμφανίζω. |
| Providence | prozřetelnost Boží | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 1, 11, 12 | Heb 1:3 “upholding the universe”; Heb 12 discipline-as-formation is providential. |
| Exhort | povzbuzovat | Low | Mutual Edification / Perseverance | 3, 10, 12, 13 | Heb 3:13, 10:25 “encourage/exhort one another daily,” central to the Perseverance doctrine’s practical outworking. |
| David | David | Low | (background reference) | 4, 11 | Heb 4:7 (“through David”), 11:32. |
| Israel | Izrael | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | 8, 11 | Heb 8:8, 8:10 (Jeremiah 31 quotation), 11:22; same geopolitical-distraction caution as baseline. |
| Messiah / Christ (title) | Mesiáš / Kristus | Critical | Christ as Great High Priest | throughout | ”Christ” used as a title equivalent to Messiah in several passages; keep consistent with baseline Messianic-Promise treatment. |
| Prophet(s) | prorok(y) | Medium | (background — Scripture’s inspiration) | 1 | Heb 1:1 “God spoke through the prophets,” opening verse of the whole book. |
| Church / assembly | církev | Medium | Church as God’s People | 2, 12 | Heb 2:12 (quoting Psalm 22, “congregation”); 12:23 “assembly (church) of the firstborn.” |
| Kingdom of God | království Boží | Medium | Superiority over Angels / Perseverance | 1, 12 | Heb 1:8 (Christ’s throne); 12:28 “unshakeable kingdom.” |
| Thanksgiving | díkůvzdání | Low | (minor) | 13 | Heb 13:15 “sacrifice of praise” draws on this word-family. |
| Fellowship | společenství | Low | Christian Fellowship | 10, 13 | Heb 10:24-25 (meeting together); 13:16 (sharing). |
B. New Terms Introduced by the Hebrews Curriculum
B.1 — Christ as Great High Priest / Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Priest | velekněz | Critical | ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus) | 2-10 (pervasive) | Risk of collapsing into either the historical Jewish office or the living Roman Catholic priesthood (“kněz”) still practiced in Czech churches, obscuring the claim that Christ’s priesthood is unique and unrepeatable. |
| Priesthood | kněžství | High | ἱερωσύνη (hierōsynē) | 7 | Contemporary Czech Catholic clergy give this word a live institutional referent that must be distinguished from Christ’s singular, non-successive priesthood. |
| Melchizedek | Melchisedech | Critical | Μελχισέδεκ (Melchisedek) | 5, 6, 7 | Zero cultural resonance for a general Czech reader; the argument of chs. 5-7 fails without foundational OT background (Genesis 14, Psalm 110), exactly the risk profile of “Mesiáš” in the baseline. |
| Order (of Melchizedek) | řád | Medium | τάξις (taxis) | 5, 6, 7 | ”Řád” is polysemous in Czech (monastic order / medal / general order); context must disambiguate to “priestly category/lineage.” |
| Mediator | prostředník | High | μεσίτης (mesitēs) | 8, 9, 12 | Dominant modern Czech sense is a paid commercial go-between (insurance/real-estate broker); Christ’s unique reconciling role must be actively distinguished. |
| Pioneer / Founder (of salvation) | původce / zakladatel | Critical | ἀρχηγός (archēgos) | 2, 12 | The tempting literal rendering “vůdce” carries an inescapable historical association with the Czech translation of “Führer” (Vůdce); must never be used of Christ. |
| Sympathize | mít účast / spolucítit | Medium | συμπαθέω (sympatheō) | 4 | No secular collision, but requires basic two-natures Christology as background. |
| Tithe | desátek | Low-Medium | δεκάτη (dekatē) | 7 | Historically recognizable but practically defunct category in Czech life; mainly a comprehension, not doctrinal, risk. |
| Perfect / Perfected (qualified) | přiveden k dokonalosti (NOT bare “zdokonalen”) | Critical | τελειόω / τελείωσις (teleioō / teleiōsis) | 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | Ordinary Czech “dokonalý/zdokonalit” implies flawlessness or self-improvement; applied to Christ, risks implying prior moral deficiency and corrupting the doctrine of his sinlessness. Requires mandatory explanatory gloss: “completed/qualified for office,” not “morally improved.” |
B.2 — The New Covenant versus the Old
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covenant / Will (double sense) | smlouva (covenant) / závěť (last will) — two distinct Czech words for one Greek word | Critical | διαθήκη (diathēkē) | 9 (esp. vv.16-17), 8 | Czech has no single word spanning both “covenant” and “last will/testament” as Greek διαθήκη does; the argument of 9:16-17 is structurally dependent on this double meaning and requires a mandatory translator’s note, not just a lexical choice. |
| Mediator | prostředník | High | μεσίτης | 8, 9, 12 | See B.1 above; first occurs at 8:6. |
| Obsolete / growing old | zastarat | Low-Medium | παλαιόω (palaioō) | 8 | Good natural fit, but must not be read as a minor administrative update rather than the whole sacrificial system’s supersession. |
| Pattern / Type | vzor / předobraz | High | τύπος (typos) | 8 | Establishes the typological reading method for the entire book (tabernacle/priesthood/sacrifice as “types”); no equivalent secular interpretive category exists in Czech. |
| Better (recurring comparative) | lepší | Medium | κρείττων (kreittōn) | 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 | Not doctrinally risky in itself, but is Hebrews’ central rhetorical refrain (Christ is “better” than angels, Moses, priests, sacrifices, covenant); must be rendered with strict consistency throughout to preserve the book’s argumentative structure. |
| Ratified / Inaugurated | ustanovit / uvést v platnost | Medium | ἐγκαινίζω (egkainizō) | 9 | Unfamiliar legal-ritual concept (a covenant is not binding until sealed with blood); needs explanation alongside the covenant/will distinction above. |
B.3 — The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Once for all | jednou provždy | High | ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ (hapax / ephapax) | 6, 7, 9, 10 | Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (a fixed technical refrain); the entire doctrine collapses if rendered with stylistic variation. |
| Sacrifice / Offering | oběť | High | θυσία (thysia) | throughout (esp. 9, 10, 13) | Czech “oběť” also commonly means “victim” (crime/accident victim); risks flattening an intentional priestly offering into a passive casualty in the reader’s mind. |
| Blood | krev | Medium | αἷμα (haima) | 9, 10, 12, 13 | Ordinary medical/violence associations carry no automatic sacrificial-atonement weight; must be built up narratively across the passage. |
| Redemption | vykoupení | High | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις (lytrōsis / apolytrōsis) | 9, 11 | Also standard Czech commercial vocabulary (buying out shares); some helpful devotional resonance from Czech Christmas carols, but the transactional sense must not dominate. |
| Propitiation / Make atonement | vykonat oběť smíření / usmířit | Critical | ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) | 2 | Ordinary Czech “usmířit” is interpersonal reconciliation vocabulary (a couple “making up”); the forensic, wrath-averting sense must be actively built against this default reading. |
| Mercy seat / Atonement cover | slitovnice | Critical | ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) | 9 (vv.1-10) | Essentially unknown outside Bible reading; also the identical Greek word behind Romans 3:25’s “propitiation,” which the baseline Romans package left undefined as a standalone glossary entry — flag for retroactive cross-curriculum consistency review. |
| Shedding of blood | vylití krve | High | αἱματεκχυσία (haimatekchysia) | 9 | A rare, single-occurrence Greek compound with no ready Czech single-word equivalent; functions as the passage’s summary principle and needs typographic/commentary emphasis. |
| Forgiveness | odpuštění | Medium | ἄφεσις (aphesis) | 9, 10 | Widely used secular interpersonal-apology word; must be anchored to forgiveness from God grounded in blood sacrifice. |
| Put away / annul (sin) | odstranění hříchu / zrušení hříchu | High | ἀθέτησις (athetēsis) | 9 | Rare legal-annulment term compounding the existing baseline risk noted for “hřích.” |
| Copies / Patterns | napodobenina / obraz | High | ὑπόδειγμα (hypodeigma) | 9 | No natural equivalent for the “copy of a heavenly reality” typological concept; risks being read as mere artistic replica. |
| Antitype / the true things | protiobraz / pravý (skutečný) | High | ἀντίτυπος / ἀληθινός (antitypos / alēthinos) | 9 | Same typological-concept risk as above; requires the type/antitype framework to be explicitly taught. |
| Bear (sins), substitutionary | vzít na sebe (hříchy) | High | ἀναφέρω (anapherō) | 9 | Substitutionary/vicarious guilt-bearing is a specific theological category distinct from ordinary “taking the blame.” |
B.4 — The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unbelief | nevěřícnost / nedostatek víry (NOT nevěra) | Critical | ἀπιστία (apistia) | 3, 4 | Ordinary contemporary Czech “nevěra” overwhelmingly means marital infidelity/adultery; using it here risks an entirely unintended claim about sexual betrayal rather than unbelief toward God. |
| Falling away / Apostasy | odpadnutí / odpadlictví | Critical | ἀφίστημι / παραπίπτω (aphistēmi / parapiptō) | 3, 6, 10 | Ordinary Czech “odpadnout” trivially means “to fall off” or “to drop out” of something low-stakes; the doctrine requires the heaviest available scaffolding to convey a willful, decisive rejection of Christ after full knowledge. Mandatory human theologian review given the passage’s contested interpretive history even across Christian traditions. |
| Harden (the heart) | zatvrdit srdce | Medium | σκληρύνω (sklērynō) | 3 | Idiomatic but transparent; needs framing as settled willful resistance, not momentary doubt. |
| Shrink back | couvat / ustupovat | Low | ὑποστέλλω (hypostellō) | 10 | Transparent. |
| Destruction / Perdition | zahynutí / zatracení | Medium | ἀπώλεια (apōleia) | 10 | ”Zatracení” is theologically weighty but risks melodrama without careful contextual framing. |
| Judgment | soud | High | κρίσις (krisis) | 9, 10 | Dominant Czech association is a civil/criminal courtroom; “Poslední soud” (Last Judgment) offers some cultural anchor via art history, but the personal, individual application must be actively drawn out. |
B.5 — Faith of the Old Testament Saints
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faith (refrain “by faith”) | víra / vírou | High (reused baseline) | πίστις / πίστει (pistis / pistei) | 11 (18x), 3, 4, 6, 10, 12, 13 | Chapter 11’s repeated anaphora must use an identical Czech rendering at every occurrence to preserve rhetorical structure. |
| Assurance / Substance (of faith) | jistota | High | ὑπόστασις (hypostasis) | 11 (also 1, distinct sense) | Same Greek word rendered “podstata” in Ch. 1 (Christ’s essential nature) — translators must not conflate the two Czech renderings, but should flag the underlying lexical link. |
| Evidence / Conviction | důkaz / přesvědčení | High | ἔλεγχος (elenchos) | 11 | Ordinary Czech “přesvědčení” defaults to subjective personal opinion, risking a flattening of Hebrews’ claim to objective, God-grounded conviction. |
| Reward | odměna | Medium | μισθαποδοσία / μισθός (misthapodosia / misthos) | 11 | Ordinary wages/reward vocabulary; must be explained as grace-empowered, not merit-earned, to remain consistent with the baseline Grace/Justification doctrines. |
| Strangers and exiles | cizinci a příchozí | Medium | ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι (xenoi kai parepidēmoi) | 11 | Pilgrim-identity concept is unfamiliar and needs brief explanation; connects to Ch. 13’s “city that is to come.” |
B.6 — Perseverance and Assurance
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endurance / Perseverance | vytrvalost | Medium | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | 10, 12 | Positively-regarded secular virtue word; needs grounding in God’s sustaining grace to avoid a self-generated-willpower misreading. |
| Discipline / Formation | výchova (Boží) / kázeň | High | παιδεία (paideia) | 12 | Ordinary Czech “kázeň” connotes punitive/military compliance; must lead with “výchova” (loving formation) to avoid a harsh, punitive misreading of God’s fatherly correction. |
| Rest | odpočinutí | High | κατάπαυσις (katapausis) | 3, 4 | Distinguished from ordinary “odpočinek” (weekend leisure), but even the more formal word risks being flattened into vague funerary sentiment rather than a specific forfeitable promise. |
| Sabbath rest | sobotní odpočinutí | Medium-High | σαββατισμός (sabbatismos) | 4 | ”Sobota” ordinarily just means the day “Saturday”; requires explanation of the theological Sabbath-rest pattern. |
| Anchor (of hope) | kotva | Low | ἄγκυρα (ankyra) | 6 | Transparent nautical metaphor. |
| Hope | naděje | Medium | ἐλπίς (elpis) | 6, 10, 11 | Ordinary secular sense is vague optimism; Hebrews’ certain, grounded confidence must be actively distinguished. |
| Oath | přísaha | Medium | ὅρκος (horkos) | 6, 7 | Ordinary legal/ceremonial term; God’s self-guaranteeing oath needs theological unpacking. |
| Promise | zaslíbení | Medium | ἐπαγγελία (epangelia) | 6, 8, 9, 11 | Preferred over the more casual “slib” to preserve theological weight. |
B.7 — Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Priesthood (general)
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiance of glory | odlesk / zář slávy | High | ἀπαύγασμα (apaugasma) | 1 | Rare, image-rich word; a plain “reflection” rendering risks implying derivative rather than co-essential deity. |
| Exact imprint / representation | otisk / věrný obraz (NOT “charakter”) | Critical | χαρακτήρ (charaktēr) | 1 | Modern Czech loanword “charakter” (personality/character traits) is an unrelated false cognate that would misdirect the reader toward Christ’s personality rather than his essential divine nature. |
| Essential nature / substance | podstata | High | ὑπόστασις (hypostasis) | 1 | Same Greek word as B.5’s “jistota” (Ch. 11); requires a cross-reference translator note, not identical rendering. |
| Angel | anděl | Medium | ἄγγελος (angelos) | 1, 2, 13 | Czech folk-cultural associations (Christmas, guardian-angel superstition, cherub imagery) trivialize a term the text treats with theological seriousness. |
| Worship | klanět se / uctívat | Medium | προσκυνέω (proskyneō) | 1 | Must convey worshipful homage due to deity, not casual admiration. |
| Throne / Scepter | trůn / žezlo | Medium | θρόνος / ῥάβδος (thronos / rhabdos) | 1, 4 | Fairy-tale-kingdom risk, same pattern as baseline’s “království Boží.” |
| Heir / Inheritance | dědic / dědictví | Medium | κληρονόμος / κληρονομία (klēronomos / klēronomia) | 1, 9, 11 | Ordinary legal-inheritance vocabulary; “eternal” inheritance still needs theological unpacking beyond a this-worldly estate. |
| House (of God) | dům (Boží) | Medium | οἶκος (oikos) | 3 | Distinguish the metaphorical people-of-God sense from the literal-building sense. |
| Living and active (word) | živé a mocné (slovo) | Medium | ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής (zōn kai energēs) | 4 | Personification of Scripture as active/judging agent is unfamiliar. |
| Cherubim | cherubíni | Medium | χερουβίμ (cheroubim) | 9 | Popular culture trivializes into cute cherub-baby imagery; biblical cherubim are fearsome guardian-beings. |
| Veil / Curtain | opona (chrámu) | Medium | καταπέτασμα (katapetasma) | 9 | Requires Old Covenant restricted-access background to register significance. |
B.8 — Access to God through Christ’s Blood
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confidence / Boldness (of access) | důvěra / smělý přístup | High | παρρησία (parrhēsia) | 10 | Literal “smělost” risks the negative connotation of audacity/impudence in ordinary Czech; must be anchored as confidence Christ secured, not the believer’s own presumption. |
| Draw near | přistupovat (k Bohu) | Medium | προσέρχομαι (proserchomai) | 10 | Liturgically recognizable, a modest point of cultural contact. |
| Conscience | svědomí | Medium | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | 9, 10 | Thoroughly secular ordinary word for guilt/ethics; must be distinguished from mere psychological guilt feelings and tied to objective standing before God. |
| Serve (God) | sloužit | Medium | λατρεύω (latreuō) | 9, 12 | Ordinary “serve an employer” sense; worshipful-service dimension must be built in. |
| Sacrifice of praise | oběť chvály | Medium-High | θυσία αἰνέσεως (thysia aineseōs) | 13 | Combines the “oběť”/“victim” collision noted in B.3 with the positive disambiguating context of verbal praise. |
| Outside the camp/gate | mimo brány (tábora) | High | ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς / πύλης (exō tēs parembolēs / pylēs) | 13 | Depends entirely on Levitical sin-offering background (Lev 16:27); without it, reads as an incidental geographic detail rather than a loaded theological statement. |
| Altar | oltář | Medium | θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion) | 13 | Architectural/heritage-tourism association per baseline caution; metaphorical, non-physical sense here needs explanation. |
B.9 — Proper Names (New to Hebrews)
| English Term | Czech Term | Risk | Greek (Translit.) | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moses | Mojžíš | Low | Μωϋσῆς (Mōusēs) | 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 | Established Czech Bible form; reused from baseline transliteration standards. |
| Melchizedek | Melchisedech | Critical | Μελχισέδεκ (Melchisedek) | 5, 6, 7 | See B.1 above. |
| Zion / heavenly Jerusalem | Sion / nebeský Jeruzalém | Medium | Σιὼν / Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος | 12 | Contemporary geopolitical-distraction caution, parallel to baseline’s “Izrael” note. |
| Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Rahab, Gideon, Samson, David, Samuel | Ábel, Enoch, Noe, Abraham, Sára, Izák, Jákob, Josef, Rachab, Gedeon, Samson, David, Samuel | Low | (various) | 11 | Established Czech Bible proper-name forms throughout the “hall of faith”; low risk, but full narrative background for each figure cannot be assumed for a secular reader and benefits from brief accompanying context. |
C. Cross-Reference and Consistency Flags for Phase 2
- διαθήκη (covenant/will) wordplay, Hebrews 9:16-17 — mandatory translator’s note required; no single Czech word carries both senses. See B.2.
- ὑπόστασις (hypostasis) rendered two different ways within the same book (Ch. 1 “podstata” vs. Ch. 11 “jistota”) — mandatory cross-reference translator’s note at both occurrences.
- ἱλαστήριον (Heb 9:5, “slitovnice”) is the same Greek word as Romans 3:25’s “propitiation”, which the baseline Romans package did not define as a standalone glossary term — flagged for retroactive cross-curriculum consistency review.
- ἀρχηγός / ἡγούμενοι (“vůdce” avoidance) — must never be rendered “vůdce” anywhere in this curriculum (Heb 2:10, 12:2, 13:7, 13:17, 13:24) due to the fixed Czech historical association of “Vůdce” with the title “Führer.”
- “nevěra” avoidance for ἀπιστία — must never be used for “unbelief” in Hebrews 3-4 due to its overwhelming default meaning of marital infidelity in contemporary Czech.
- oběť (“sacrifice”/“victim” double meaning) — recurs at least 15 times across chs. 9, 10, and 13; every occurrence should be reviewed for whether the “victim” reading could dominate the “intentional offering” reading in context.
- ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ (“jednou provždy”) and κρείττων (“lepší”) — both function as fixed rhetorical refrains across multiple chapters and must be rendered with strict lexical consistency throughout the whole book, not merely within individual chapters.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All new terms proposed here require formal incorporation into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation of Hebrews begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. In Hebrews this term anchors the Father’s direct address to the Son as ‘Bože’ (Heb 1:8), the book’s central Deity-of-Christ proof-text; never soften to a statement about God rather than an address to the Son.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Established Czech Bible-tradition proper-name form.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW to this package: the baseline Romans TM did not require a standalone entry distinct from ‘Ježíš.’ Hebrews uses ‘Christ’ repeatedly as a proper-name/title; keep ‘Kristus’ distinct in register from ‘Mesiáš’ (which carries the fuller Old Testament messianic-expectation content). Default to ‘Kristus’ unless the OT-fulfillment argument (chs. 5-7, 9) is explicitly in view, in which case ‘Mesiáš’ background framing should accompany it.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesiáš
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Order of Melchizedek / Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Hebrews chs. 5-7 require foundational OT messianic-expectation background (Genesis 14, Psalm 110) before this term carries any doctrinal weight for a general secular Czech reader.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boží
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly; full phrase required. Central to Heb 1’s superiority-over-angels argument; must not read as the adoptive sonship applied elsewhere to believers (cf. baseline ‘přijetí za syna’).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Must be kept grammatically and conceptually distinct from the ambiguous phrase ‘věčný Duch’ at Heb 9:14 (see eternal_spirit entry below); retain full personal capitalization and grammatical treatment, guarding against any sectarian tendency to depersonalize.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ jako běžné oslovení
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Applied to Christ at Heb 1:10, 2:3, 7:14, 13:20; capitalization alone remains an insufficient signal and must be paired with explanatory teaching, per baseline.
Exact Imprint
Approved rendering: otisk / věrný obraz
Transliteration: charaktēr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: charakter (FORBIDDEN false cognate: personality/character traits)
Original: χαρακτήρ (τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ)
Category: Christology
NEW. Heb 1:3 only. The modern Czech loanword ‘charakter’ is an unrelated false cognate that would misdirect a reader toward Christ’s personality rather than his essential divine nature. Never use it or any visually/phonetically similar word.
Perfected Made Perfect
Approved rendering: přiveden k dokonalosti / uveden do plnosti (svého úřadu)
Transliteration: teleioō
Doctrine: The Perfection (Qualification) of Christ
Rejected alternatives: zdokonalen (bare), dokonalý (implies prior flaw)
Original: τελειόω
Category: Christology
NEW. Heb 2:10, 5:9, 7:28. Ordinary Czech ‘dokonalý/zdokonalit’ strongly connotes flawlessness or self-improvement; a careless rendering applied to Christ risks implying prior moral deficiency, corrupting the doctrine of his sinless deity. Mandatory accompanying gloss: ‘qualified/completed for priestly office,’ not ‘morally improved.‘
Archegos Pioneer
Approved rendering: původce / zakladatel
Transliteration: archēgos
Doctrine: The Humanity and Sufferings of Christ
Rejected alternatives: vůdce (FORBIDDEN — fixed Czech historical association with ‘Vůdce’/Führer)
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
NEW. Heb 2:10, 12:2. Never render ‘vůdce.’ Apply the same avoidance to hēgoumenoi (see leaders entry).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: The Resurrection and Ascension of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Hebrews ties this directly to the eternal covenant’s establishment (13:20); the baseline’s Easter/pomlázka folk-custom detachment risk applies unchanged.
High Priest
Approved rendering: velekněz
Transliteration: archiereus
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Pervasive throughout chs. 2-10. The ordinary living Czech word for a functioning clergyman is ‘kněz’; readers risk mapping this onto the historical Jewish office or the living Roman Catholic/Orthodox priesthood, missing that Christ’s priesthood is unique, unrepeatable, and requires no successor. Mandatory first-use gloss in every document.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Melchisedech
Transliteration: Melchisedek
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Heb 5, 6, 7. Zero cultural resonance for a general Czech reader; requires standalone Genesis 14 / Psalm 110 background before any doctrinal weight can be placed on it, exactly as the baseline flags for ‘Mesiáš.’ Kralická-tradition spelling adopted for consistency; ČEP’s ‘Melchisedek’ is an acceptable variant but must not be mixed within a single document.
Covenant Will Wordplay
Approved rendering: smlouva / závěť
Transliteration: diathēkē (dual sense)
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: smlouva throughout with no distinction drawn
Original: διαθήκη (used as ‘covenant’ and ‘last will/testament’)
Category: Covenant
NEW. Heb 9:16-17 only. Czech has two entirely separate words — ‘smlouva’ (covenant/contract) and ‘závěť’ (last will/testament) — with no single word carrying both senses as diathēkē does in Greek. Follow ČEP’s smlouva/závěť split. MANDATORY translator’s note required at every occurrence explaining the underlying Greek wordplay; without it the argument reads as a non-sequitur.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: nová smlouva
Transliteration: diathēkē kainē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη καινή
Category: Covenant
NEW (qualified baseline term). Heb 8, 9:15, 12:24. Combines baseline ‘smlouva’ commercial-contract collision risk with this doctrine’s structural centrality; the Jeremiah 31 quotation (Heb 8:8-12) is the central OT proof-text and should be treated as a passage unit for theologian review.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Must be freshly anchored in Hebrews to the specific from-what/to-what/by-whom structure of chs. 2 and 9, not merely named as an archaic label.
Propitiation Make Atonement
Approved rendering: vykonat oběť smíření / usmířit
Transliteration: hilaskomai
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: usmířit (bare, unqualified)
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 2:17. Ordinary Czech ‘usmířit’ is interpersonal-reconciliation vocabulary (a couple ‘making up’); the forensic, wrath-averting sense must be actively built up. Prefer the full phrase ‘vykonat oběť smíření’ wherever the forensic sense is load-bearing.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: slitovnice
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: příkryt smlouvy (Bible21’s descriptive paraphrase, trades precision for comprehensibility)
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 9:5. Essentially unknown outside Bible reading; requires the heaviest available scaffolding. Identical Greek word to Romans 3:25 (‘propitiation’), left undefined as a standalone term in the baseline Romans package — flagged for retroactive cross-curriculum consistency review so both passages use compatible atonement language.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: nevěřícnost / nedostatek víry
Transliteration: apistia
Doctrine: The Warning against Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: nevěra (FORBIDDEN — overwhelmingly means marital infidelity/adultery in contemporary Czech)
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Sin
NEW. Heb 3:12, 19; 4:2, 11. Using ‘nevěra’ risks the reader hearing an unintended claim about sexual betrayal instead of the wilderness generation’s failure to trust God. Automatic flag on any occurrence of ‘nevěra’ in Hebrews material.
Falling Away Apostasy
Approved rendering: odpadnutí / odpadlictví
Transliteration: aphistēmi / parapiptō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy
Rejected alternatives: odpadnout (bare, no scaffolding — trivially means ‘to fall off’ or ‘to drop out’)
Original: ἀφίστημι / παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Heb 3:12, 6:6, 10:26-31, 12:15-17. Requires the heaviest available explanatory scaffolding to convey a willful, decisive rejection of Christ after full knowledge, not a casual lapse. Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence given the passage’s contested interpretive history even within Christian tradition generally.
High Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Proof of Sonship
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Hebrews 12 applies fatherhood specifically to loving discipline/formation (paideia); must not register as a distant or punitive authority figure.
Radiance Of Glory
Approved rendering: odlesk / zář slávy
Transliteration: apaugasma
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: odlesk (bare, without a co-essentiality gloss)
Original: ἀπαύγασμα (τῆς δόξης)
Category: Christology
NEW. Heb 1:3 only; rare, image-rich word with no natural single Czech equivalent. A plain ‘reflection’ rendering risks implying Christ is a derivative reflection rather than co-essential with God; must be accompanied by a gloss affirming full, undivided deity.
Essential Nature
Approved rendering: podstata
Transliteration: hypostasis
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Christology
NEW. Heb 1:3 only. The identical Greek word recurs at Heb 11:1 with a different practical sense, rendered there as ‘jistota’ (see assurance_substance). The two occurrences must NOT be rendered identically, but a mandatory translator note is required at both flagging the underlying lexical link between Christ’s own being and the believer’s confident hope.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: vtělení
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: The Humanity and Sufferings of Christ
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (cf. Hebrews 2:14, ‘he too shared in humanity’)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 2:14 grounds Christ’s ability to help humanity in his genuine, complete sharing of human nature and death.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: kněžství
Transliteration: hierōsynē
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Heb 7. Contemporary Czech Catholic/Orthodox clergy give this word a live institutional referent; must be distinguished from Christ’s singular, non-successive priesthood.
Mediator
Approved rendering: prostředník
Transliteration: mesitēs
Doctrine: Christ as Mediator of the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: prostředník (bare, without contrast note)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Heb 8:6, 9:15, 12:24. Dominant modern Czech sense is a paid commercial go-between (insurance/real-estate broker); requires an explicit contrast note distinguishing Christ’s costly, self-giving mediation from a paid intermediary.
Covenant
Approved rendering: smlouva
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The single most structurally important reused term in Hebrews (chs. 7-10, 12-13); see covenant_will_wordplay for the Critical-tier addition specific to Heb 9:16-17.
Type Pattern
Approved rendering: vzor / předobraz
Transliteration: typos
Doctrine: Typology: Copies and Shadows of Heavenly Realities
Original: τύπος
Category: Typology
NEW. Heb 8:5. Establishes the typological reading method for the entire book; no equivalent interpretive category exists in ordinary secular Czech reading habits and must be explicitly taught as a method, not merely translated term-by-term.
Copies Patterns
Approved rendering: napodobenina / obraz
Transliteration: hypodeigma
Doctrine: Typology: Copies and Shadows of Heavenly Realities
Original: ὑπόδειγμα
Category: Typology
NEW. Heb 9:23. No natural Czech equivalent for the typological ‘copy of a heavenly reality’ concept; risks being read as a mere artistic replica rather than a divinely-ordained foreshadowing.
Antitype True Things
Approved rendering: protiobraz / pravý (skutečný)
Transliteration: antitypos / alēthinos
Doctrine: Typology: Copies and Shadows of Heavenly Realities
Original: ἀντίτυπος / ἀληθινός
Category: Typology
NEW. Heb 9:24. Same typological-concept risk as type_pattern and copies_patterns; the type/antitype framework must be taught, not assumed.
Sacrifice Offering
Approved rendering: oběť
Transliteration: thysia
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Recurs 15+ times across chs. 9, 10, 13. Czech ‘oběť’ also commonly means ‘victim’ (crime/accident victim); this double meaning risks the reader defaulting to a passive-casualty reading, missing the intentional, priestly, unrepeatable offering sense. Requires per-occurrence disambiguation review.
Redemption
Approved rendering: vykoupení
Transliteration: lytrōsis / apolytrōsis
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Heb 9:12, 15. Also standard Czech commercial/financial vocabulary (e.g. share buyouts); carries some helpful devotional resonance from Czech Christmas carols, but the transactional sense must not dominate over deliverance from sin’s bondage.
Shedding Of Blood
Approved rendering: vylití krve
Transliteration: haimatekchysia
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 9:22. Rare, single-occurrence-in-the-NT Greek compound with no ready Czech single-word equivalent; functions as the passage’s summary principle and needs typographic/commentary emphasis, not a plain phrase alone.
Put Away Sin
Approved rendering: odstranění hříchu / zrušení hříchu
Transliteration: athetēsis hamartias
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 9:26. Rare legal-annulment term with no natural Czech single-word equivalent, compounding the baseline ‘hřích’ flattening risk.
Bear Sins
Approved rendering: vzít na sebe (hříchy)
Transliteration: anapherō
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀναφέρω
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 9:28, echoing Isaiah 53. Substitutionary/vicarious guilt-bearing is a specific theological category distinct from ordinary ‘taking the blame.‘
Once For All
Approved rendering: jednou provždy
Transliteration: hapax / ephapax
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
NEW. Fixed technical refrain at Heb 6, 7, 9:12/26/28, 10. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence; the entire chs. 9-10 argument depends on the reader recognizing this as a fixed refrain, not stylistic variation.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: posvěcení
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Offering
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Atonement
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Central to Heb 2, 9, 10, 13’s argument; ‘posvěcení’ is otherwise mainly known as ceremonial building-blessing, a substantially narrower association.
Access Confidence
Approved rendering: důvěra / smělý přístup
Transliteration: parrhēsia
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: smělost (bare — risks the negative connotation of audacity/impudence)
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Heb 4:16, 10:19. Must be anchored explicitly as confidence Christ has secured, never the believer’s own presumption.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The single most frequent theological term in Hebrews; the colloquial ‘what a shame/pity’ flattening risk applies with even greater force given the book’s much higher recurrence rate.
Judgment
Approved rendering: soud
Transliteration: krisis
Doctrine: The Certainty of Final Judgment
Original: κρίσις
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Heb 9:27, 10:27, 12:23, 12:29. ‘Soud’ defaults to a civil/criminal courtroom; ‘Poslední soud’ offers cultural anchoring via Czech church art history, but the personal, individual application to the reader’s own mortality must be actively drawn out.
Faith
Approved rendering: víra / vírou
Transliteration: pistis / pistei
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πίστις / πίστει
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Chapter 11’s 18-fold repeated anaphora ‘by faith’ (vírou) must be rendered identically at every occurrence to preserve rhetorical structure; any deviation is an automatic flag.
Assurance Substance
Approved rendering: jistota
Transliteration: hypostasis
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις (ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις)
Category: Faith
NEW. Heb 11:1 only. Same Greek word rendered ‘podstata’ at Heb 1:3 (essential_nature) but requires a different Czech rendering here; mandatory cross-reference translator note at both occurrences. Ordinary Czech ‘jistota’ alone (financial certainty) does not automatically carry Hebrews’ sense of confident, God-grounded assurance.
Evidence Conviction
Approved rendering: důkaz / přesvědčení
Transliteration: elenchos
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
NEW. Heb 11:1. Ordinary Czech ‘přesvědčení’ defaults to subjective personal/political opinion, risking a flattening of Hebrews’ claim to objective, God-grounded conviction.
Discipline Formation
Approved rendering: výchova (Boží) / kázeň
Transliteration: paideia
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Proof of Sonship
Rejected alternatives: kázeň (leading term, bare — connotes punitive/military compliance)
Original: παιδεία
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 12:5-11. Must lead with ‘výchova’ (loving formation), using ‘kázeň’ only as secondary gloss, with explicit correction against a harsh, punitive misreading.
Rest
Approved rendering: odpočinutí
Transliteration: katapausis
Doctrine: The Rest of God
Rejected alternatives: odpočinek (ordinary weekend leisure)
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 3:11, 18; 4:1-11. Even the more formal ‘odpočinutí’ risks being flattened into vague funerary sentiment (‘odpočívej v pokoji’) rather than a specific, forfeitable promised inheritance.
Tabernacle Tent
Approved rendering: stánek
Transliteration: skēnē
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: σκηνή
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 8:5, 9:2-11, 13:10. ‘Stánek’ is the ordinary contemporary Czech word for a market/festival stall; a secular reader’s dominant association will be commercial, not sacred-architectural, requiring active correction.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: mimo brány (tábora)
Transliteration: exō tēs parembolēs / pylēs
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς / πύλης
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 13:11-13. Depends entirely on Levitical sin-offering background (Lev 16:27); without it, reads as an incidental geographic detail rather than a loaded theological statement.
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 4:16 (‘throne of grace’) compounds with the fairy-tale-kingdom risk of ‘trůn,’ requiring careful joint explanation of both terms together; also Heb 12:15, 13:25.
Law
Approved rendering: zákon
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 7, 8, 9, 10. Requires context to keep the Mosaic sacrificial/priestly law distinct from law-in-general.
Called Calling
Approved rendering: povolaný / povolání
Transliteration: klētos / klēsis
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 3:1 (‘holy calling’), 9:15 (‘those who are called’). ‘Povolání’ overwhelmingly means one’s job or profession in ordinary Czech.
Election
Approved rendering: vyvolení
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: vyvolení v běžném, sekulárním smyslu úspěchu nebo výběru
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Minor presence in Hebrews; the book emphasizes calling vocabulary (klētos/klēsis) more directly than election vocabulary.
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Offering
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Applied to God’s people, God’s presence, and the ‘Holiest of All’ (Heb 3:1, 9:8, 10:19).
Medium Risk Terms
Eternal Spirit
Approved rendering: věčný Duch
Transliteration: Pneuma aiōnion
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: Duch svatý (silently resolving the ambiguity)
Original: Πνεῦμα αἰώνιον
Category: God
NEW. Heb 9:14 only; a unique NT phrase whose referent (Holy Spirit vs. Christ’s own eternal divine spirit) is genuinely ambiguous in the source. A translator note must flag the ambiguity rather than silently resolve it toward either reading. Capitalization signals a Person.
Providence
Approved rendering: prozřetelnost Boží
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence and the Sustaining Power of Christ
Rejected alternatives: osud (fate), štěstí (luck)
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Hebrews 1:3 ‘upholding the universe’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 1:3 (‘upholding the universe’) and Heb 12:2 (Christ’s purposive endurance) both require personal, purposive governance, never fatalistic/impersonal framing.
Sympathize
Approved rendering: mít účast / spolucítit
Transliteration: sympatheō
Doctrine: The Humanity and Sufferings of Christ
Original: συμπαθέω
Category: Christology
NEW. Heb 4:15. No secular collision, but requires basic two-natures Christology as background, which cannot be assumed.
Order Of Melchizedek
Approved rendering: řád
Transliteration: taxis
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Rejected alternatives: řád (left bare/unqualified)
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Heb 5, 6, 7. ‘Řád’ is polysemous in Czech (monastic order, medal/honor, general orderliness); must always appear with a disambiguating phrase identifying it as a priestly category/lineage-type, never left bare.
Obsolete Growing Old
Approved rendering: zastarat
Transliteration: palaioō
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιόω
Category: Covenant
NEW. Heb 8:13. Must be framed with explicit scope: the entire Old Covenant sacrificial system, not a minor administrative update.
Ratified Inaugurated
Approved rendering: ustanovit / uvést v platnost
Transliteration: egkainizō
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐγκαινίζω
Category: Covenant
NEW. Heb 9:18. Unfamiliar legal-ratification concept (a covenant is not binding until sealed with blood); needs explanation alongside the covenant/will distinction.
Better
Approved rendering: lepší
Transliteration: kreittōn
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: κρείττων
Category: Covenant
NEW. Recurs across chs. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 as the book’s central rhetorical refrain (Christ is ‘better’ than angels, Moses, priests, sacrifices, covenant). Must be rendered with strict lexical consistency throughout the whole book.
Shadow
Approved rendering: stín
Transliteration: skia
Doctrine: Typology: Copies and Shadows of Heavenly Realities
Original: σκιά
Category: Typology
NEW. Heb 8:5, 10:1. Transparent image on its own but must be explicitly paired with the type/reality contrast, or the doctrinal point (the Old Covenant system was never the substance itself) is lost.
Blood
Approved rendering: krev
Transliteration: haima
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Stable, universally understood word; everyday associations (injury, medicine, violence) carry no automatic sacrificial-atonement weight and must be built up narratively across the passage.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: odpuštění
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 9:22, 10:18. Widely used secular interpersonal-apology word; must be actively anchored to forgiveness from God grounded in a blood sacrifice.
Draw Near
Approved rendering: přistupovat (k Bohu)
Transliteration: proserchomai
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Heb 4:16, 10:22. Liturgically recognizable verb (approaching the altar), a modest point of cultural contact.
Conscience
Approved rendering: svědomí
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Heb 9:14, 10:22. Thoroughly secular ordinary vocabulary (guilt feelings, ethics); must be distinguished from mere psychological guilt and tied to objective standing before God.
Serve Worship
Approved rendering: sloužit
Transliteration: latreuō
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Heb 9:14, 12:28. Ordinary word for serving an employer or the state; the worshipful, cultic sense must be actively built in.
Harden Heart
Approved rendering: zatvrdit srdce
Transliteration: sklērynō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy
Original: σκληρύνω (τὴν καρδίαν)
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Heb 3:8, 13, 15; 4:7. Idiomatic but transparent; needs framing as settled, willful resistance, not momentary doubt.
Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: zahynutí / zatracení
Transliteration: apōleia
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Heb 10:39. ‘Zatracení’ carries strong, somewhat archaic religious weight but risks melodrama without careful contextual framing.
Reward
Approved rendering: odměna
Transliteration: misthapodosia / misthos
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: μισθαποδοσία / μισθός
Category: Faith
NEW. Heb 11:6. Ordinary wages/reward vocabulary; must be explained as flowing from grace-empowered faith, not a wage earned by merit, to remain consistent with the baseline Grace/Justification doctrines.
Strangers And Exiles
Approved rendering: cizinci a příchozí
Transliteration: xenoi kai parepidēmoi
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Faith
NEW. Heb 11:13. Pilgrim-identity concept is unfamiliar; connects forward to Ch.13’s ‘city that is to come.‘
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: vytrvalost
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 10:36, 12:1. Positively-regarded secular virtue word; needs grounding in God’s sustaining grace to avoid a self-generated-willpower misreading.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: sobotní odpočinutí
Transliteration: sabbatismos
Doctrine: The Rest of God
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 4:9. ‘Sobota’ ordinarily just names the weekday; requires explanation of the theological Sabbath-rest pattern echoing Genesis 2.
Hope
Approved rendering: naděje
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 6:11, 18-19; 10:23. Ordinary secular sense is vague optimism; Hebrews’ certain, grounded confidence must be actively distinguished.
Oath
Approved rendering: přísaha
Transliteration: horkos
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 6:13-17, 7:20-21. Ordinary legal/ceremonial term; God’s self-guaranteeing oath needs theological unpacking.
Promise
Approved rendering: zaslíbení
Transliteration: epangelia
Doctrine: The Inheritance Promise
Rejected alternatives: slib (casual, everyday promise)
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 6:12, 8:6, 9:15, 11:9, 13, 39. Preferred over casual ‘slib’ to preserve theological weight.
Angel
Approved rendering: anděl
Transliteration: angelos
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
NEW. Heb 1-2, 13:2. Strong folk-cultural resonance (Christmas ornaments, cherub imagery, guardian-angel superstition) risks trivializing beings the text treats as real, powerful, worshiping creatures nonetheless categorically inferior to the Son.
Worship
Approved rendering: klanět se / uctívat
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: obdivovat (casual admiration), vzdát poklonu (weakened, sectarian-style homage rendering)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Angelology
NEW. Heb 1:6. Must convey worshipful homage due to deity, not mere respect. Guard against the documented Czech NWT pattern of weakening this to mere obeisance in contexts applied to Christ.
Throne Scepter
Approved rendering: trůn / žezlo
Transliteration: thronos / rhabdos
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: θρόνος / ῥάβδος
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Heb 1:8. Same fairy-tale-kingdom risk the baseline notes for ‘království Boží’; royal imagery may register as children’s-story fantasy rather than a serious present-reign claim.
Heir Inheritance
Approved rendering: dědic / dědictví
Transliteration: klēronomos / klēronomia
Doctrine: The Inheritance Promise
Original: κληρονόμος / κληρονομία
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Heb 1:2, 14; 6:12; 9:15. Ordinary, stable legal-inheritance vocabulary; the ‘eternal’ scope still needs unpacking beyond a this-worldly estate frame.
House Of God
Approved rendering: dům (Boží)
Transliteration: oikos
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: οἶκος
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 3:2-6. Distinguish the metaphorical people-of-God sense from the literal-building sense, paralleling the baseline’s ‘církev’ vs. ‘kostel’ caution.
Living Word
Approved rendering: živé a mocné slovo
Transliteration: logos zōn kai energēs
Doctrine: The Inspiration and Superiority of God’s Word
Original: λόγος ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 4:12. Personification of Scripture as a living, active, judging agent is unfamiliar territory requiring explanation.
Cherubim
Approved rendering: cherubíni
Transliteration: cheroubim
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: χερουβίμ
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 9:5. Popular culture trivializes ‘cherub’ into a cute winged-baby figure; biblical cherubim are fearsome guardian-beings, a genuine mismatch requiring correction.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: opona (chrámu)
Transliteration: katapetasma
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 9:3; cf. 6:19, 10:20. Requires Old Covenant restricted-access background to register its significance.
Sprinkle
Approved rendering: pokropit
Transliteration: rhantizō
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: postříkat (mundane splash, e.g. watering a garden)
Original: ῥαντίζω
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 9:13, 19, 21; 10:22; 12:24. ‘Pokropit’ retains ritual dignity (holy-water sprinkling still recognized from Czech Catholic practice).
Defiled
Approved rendering: poskvrněný / znečištěný
Transliteration: koinoō
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: κοινόω
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 9:13. Requires distinguishing ritual/ceremonial impurity, a category with no secular Czech equivalent, from ordinary physical dirtiness.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: mrtvé skutky
Transliteration: nekra erga
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 6:1, 9:14. Transparent phrase; the theological point (rituals cannot themselves give life) is unfamiliar territory requiring explanation.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: království Boží
Transliteration: basileia tou theou / basileia asaleutos
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The ‘unshakeable/nepohnutelné’ qualifier at Heb 12:28 helps distinguish it from a storybook kingdom.
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 2:12, 12:23 (‘assembly of the firstborn’). Must be kept distinct from ‘kostel’ (the building).
Leaders
Approved rendering: vedoucí / představení
Transliteration: hēgoumenoi
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Encouragement
Rejected alternatives: vůdce (FORBIDDEN — fixed Czech historical association with ‘Vůdce’/Führer)
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 13:7, 17, 24. Same forbidden-substitution rule as archegos_pioneer; use ‘vedoucí’ or ‘duchovní představení’ consistently.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: oběť chvály
Transliteration: thysia aineseōs
Doctrine: The Sacrifice of Praise and Worship
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Atonement
NEW. Heb 13:15. Combines the ‘oběť’/‘victim’ collision noted elsewhere with the positive disambiguating context of verbal praise; a brief clarifying note is still advisable.
Altar
Approved rendering: oltář
Transliteration: thysiastērion
Doctrine: The Sacrifice of Praise and Worship
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 13:10. Recognizable from church architecture/heritage-tourism per baseline caution; the metaphorical, non-physical sense intended here needs explanation.
Zion Heavenly Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Sion / nebeský Jeruzalém
Transliteration: Siōn / Ierousalēm epouranios
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: Σιὼν / Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Heb 12:22. Contemporary geopolitical associations with modern Jerusalem risk distracting from the purely theological, eschatological referent, paralleling the baseline’s caution about ‘Izrael.‘
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 8:8, 8:10 (Jeremiah 31 quotation), 11:22. Contemporary political sensitivity must not distract from the passage’s purely theological usage.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Melchizedek as ‘king of peace’ (Heb 7:2); ‘pursue peace’ (12:14).
Intercession
Approved rendering: přímluva
Transliteration: emphanizō / entynchanō
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἐμφανίζω / ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Priesthood
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 7:25, 9:24. No strong live cultural competitor in secular Czech society; the primary task is teaching what intercession means at all.
Low Risk Terms
Tithe
Approved rendering: desátek
Transliteration: dekatē
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Heb 7. Historically recognizable but practically defunct as a lived category in Czech life; comprehension, not doctrinal, risk.
Indestructible Priesthood
Approved rendering: nezničitelný / nepomíjející
Transliteration: akatalytos
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀκατάλυτος
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Heb 7. Transparent term; benefits from brief explanation that no successor is ever needed.
Shrink Back
Approved rendering: couvat / ustupovat
Transliteration: hypostellō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy
Original: ὑποστέλλω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Heb 10:38-39. Transparent, no secular collision.
Anchor Of Hope
Approved rendering: kotva
Transliteration: ankyra
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Heb 6:19. Transparent, vivid nautical metaphor.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: bratrská láska
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Encouragement
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 13:1. Transparent, stable term, no secular collision.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: pohostinnost
Transliteration: philoxenia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Encouragement
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
NEW. Heb 13:2. Positively-regarded secular virtue; needs light theological framing as gospel practice, not mere social politeness.
Moses
Approved rendering: Mojžíš
Transliteration: Mōusēs
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
NEW to this book’s TM but uses the established Czech Bible-tradition proper-name form per baseline transliteration standards. Heb 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: (background reference)
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 4:7, 11:32.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: The Inspiration and Superiority of God’s Word
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 1:1, the opening verse of the whole book. Do not confuse with an astrologer or fortune-teller.
Exhort
Approved rendering: povzbuzovat
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Encouragement
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Perseverance
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 3:13, 10:25 (‘encourage one another daily’), central to the Perseverance doctrine’s practical outworking.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: společenství
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Encouragement
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Heb 10:24-25, 13:16.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: díkůvzdání
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: The Sacrifice of Praise and Worship
Original: εὐχαριστία (cf. Hebrews 13:15’s ‘sacrifice of praise’ word family)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Connected to the ‘sacrifice of praise’ word family at Heb 13:15.
Referenced passages