Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter | English → Czech
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from the entire book of 1 Peter (chapters 1–5). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (baseline) and reuse the baseline Czech rendering exactly, per project rule. New terms specific to 1 Peter are marked (new) and are proposed here for addition to the project’s term registry at the indicated risk tier.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions: Critical (essential doctrine at stake, human theologian review required for every occurrence), High (significant confusion/comprehension failure risk, human theologian review required), Medium (clarity reduced but core meaning preserved, native speaker review recommended), Low (minor imprecision, automated review sufficient).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term | Czech | Risk | Doctrine Link (1 Peter) | Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Bůh | Critical | All doctrines | 1–5 |
| Jesus | Ježíš | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Resurrection | 1–5 |
| Lord | Pán | Critical | Lordship / elders forbidden to “lord over” | 2, 3, 5 |
| Father | Otec | Critical | Living Hope | 1 |
| Holy Spirit | Duch svatý | Critical | Sanctification | 1 |
| grace | milost | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Elders | 1–5 |
| faith | víra | High | Living Hope; Suffering | 1, 3, 5 |
| salvation | spasení | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1, 3, 4 |
| righteousness | spravedlnost | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2, 3 |
| glory | sláva | Medium/High | Living Hope; Elders (crown of glory) | 1, 4, 5 |
| holy / holiness | svatý | High | Holiness in Conduct | 1, 2 |
| saints (corporate) | svatí | High | Church as Royal Priesthood (conceptually related) | 2 |
| sanctification | posvěcení | High | Holiness in Conduct | 1, 3 |
| resurrection | vzkříšení | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1, 3 |
| election / elect | vyvolení | High | Church identity (“chosen race,” “elect exiles”) | 1, 2 |
| calling / called | povolání / povolaný | High | Submission; Suffering (“called to this”) | 2, 3, 5 |
| gospel | evangelium | High | Living Hope; Christ’s Proclamation | 1, 4 |
| sin | hřích | High | Holiness in Conduct; Substitutionary Suffering | 1, 2, 4 |
| peace | pokoj | Medium | Greetings; community ethics | 1, 3, 5 |
| apostle | apoštol | Low | Authorship | 1 |
| prophet | prorok | Medium | Fulfillment of prophecy | 1 |
| power of God | moc Boží | Medium | Living Hope (guarded by God’s power) | 1 |
| spiritual gifts | duchovní dary | Medium | Mutual service | 4 |
| fellowship | společenství | Low | Sharing in Christ’s sufferings | 4 |
B. New Terms Specific to 1 Peter
| Term (English) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Czech Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Grounded Risk Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | elpis zōsa | živá naděje | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | ”Naděje” is ordinary Czech for generic optimism/hope, fully detachable from any resurrection referent; must always be anchored to Christ’s resurrection. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | milosrdenství | High | Living Hope | 1, 2 | Distinct from baseline “milost” (grace); low collision but needs the distinct compassion-toward-the-afflicted nuance actively taught. |
| born again / regeneration | ἀναγεννάω | anagennaō | znovuzrození / znovuzrodit | High | Living Hope | 1 | Czech also uses “znovuzrození” for secular national/personal “rebirth” or self-help renewal; must be taught as a decisive, God-caused act, not gradual self-improvement. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | dědictví | High | Living Hope | 1, 3 | Dominant secular sense is probate/estate law (dědická daň, závěť); readers default to death-dependent, divisible property, the opposite of Peter’s imperishable/undivided inheritance. |
| imperishable | ἄφθαρτος | aphthartos | nepomíjitelné | Medium | Living Hope; Holiness | 1, 3 | Rare word; comprehension gap rather than collision. |
| trial / testing | πειρασμός | peirasmos | zkouška | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1 | Dominant everyday sense is a school exam/driving test; readers default to low-stakes academic testing rather than costly, faith-refining suffering. |
| tested genuineness (of faith) | δοκίμιον | dokimion | pravost víry | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1 | ”Pravost” evokes consumer/forensic authenticity-checking (of goods, currency, documents); the metallurgical refining-through-fire sense is easily lost. |
| soul | ψυχή | psychē | duše | High | Living Hope; Suffering | 1, 4 | Common in secular wellness/self-care register (“péče o duši,” “duševní zdraví”) detached from eternal destiny before God. |
| revelation/appearing (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | zjevení | High | Living Hope; Suffering | 1, 4 | Everyday “zjevení” can mean any insight, epiphany, or folk-story apparition; must be anchored to Christ’s future bodily return. |
| foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις | prognōsis | předzvědění (Boží) | High | Living Hope (election background) | 1 | Rare, unfamiliar theological term; comprehension gap, needs foundational explanation. |
| sojourners / exiles | πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι | paroikoi kai parepidēmoi | poutníci a hosté (avoid “přistěhovalci”) | Critical | Submission; Christian Identity | 1, 2 | Contemporary Czech immigration-politics discourse (“přistěhovalci”) is partisan and charged; a politically loaded rendering would distort a pastoral-theological self-identity metaphor. |
| dispersion / diaspora | διασπορά | diaspora | diaspora / rozptýlení | Medium | Church identity | 1 | Needs OT exile background explained; transliteration is a recognizable bridge term. |
| sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | rhantismos haimatos | pokropení krví | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | Requires Exodus 24 covenant-ratification background with no cultural substitute; without it the image is merely strange. |
| redeem / ransom | λυτρόω / λύτρον | lytroō / lytron | vykoupit / vykoupení | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | Live everyday commercial sense (redeeming a coupon, pawned item, lottery voucher) dominates and trivializes the costly, blood-bought sense; parallel to baseline’s grace/justification collision pattern — recommend adding to registry at Critical tier. |
| lamb (sacrificial) | ἀμνός | amnos | beránek | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | Czech Easter culture (Velikonoce) uses “beránek” for a shaped Easter pastry/food symbol, risking detachment from the Passover/sacrificial background, parallel to baseline’s noted “vzkříšení”/pomlázka risk. |
| brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | bratrská láska | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1 | Needs “brotherly” framed as spiritual-family, not biological, category. |
| living stone | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | živý kámen | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | Architectural-temple metaphor wholly unfamiliar; requires full narrative scaffolding, not mere naming. |
| spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός | oikos pneumatikos | duchovní dům | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | Companion term to “living stone”; same scaffolding need. |
| holy / royal priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma | svaté kněžstvo / královské kněžstvo | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | Czech “kněz/kněžstvo” is strongly associated with ordained Catholic clergy given Czech religious history; Peter’s all-believers claim directly contradicts a clergy-only default reading. |
| spiritual sacrifice | θυσία πνευματική | thysia pneumatikē | duchovní oběť | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | OT sacrificial background unfamiliar to secular reader with no literal-sacrifice referent. |
| chosen race / people | γένος ἐκλεκτόν | genos eklekton | vyvolený rod | High | Church identity | 2 | Reuses baseline “vyvolení”; guard against ethnic-nationalist misreading. |
| holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον | ethnos hagion | svatý národ | Medium | Church identity | 2 | ”Národ” carries strong modern political/ethnic-national connotation in Czech; needs reframing as spiritual, multi-ethnic people. |
| people for God’s own possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | laos eis peripoiēsin | lid Božího vlastnictví | Medium | Church identity | 2 | Unfamiliar compound; comprehension gap. |
| good conduct / way of life | ἀναστροφή | anastrophē | dobré jednání / způsob života | High | Holiness in Conduct | 2, 3 | Recurring load-bearing term across the whole book; needs consistent rendering. |
| submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | poddat se / podřídit se | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2, 3, 5 | Living memory of enforced totalitarian-era submission (Nazi occupation, Communist rule) gives this vocabulary a distinct historical charge; the text’s own qualifiers (for the Lord’s sake, suffering unjustly, God as final judge) must accompany it. |
| freedom / liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | svoboda | Medium | Submission | 2 | Must be distinguished from political/libertarian freedom and moral license. |
| slave/servant of God | δοῦλος Θεοῦ | doulos Theou | služebník Boží | Medium | Submission | 2 | ”Otrok” (literal slave) carries strong oppression connotations that clash with the positive self-designation; “služebník” is gentler but risks losing total-ownership force. |
| household servant | οἰκέτης | oiketēs | služebník (v domě) | Medium | Submission | 2 | Historical domestic-slavery institution needs brief framing for modern readers. |
| suffer unjustly | πάσχω ἀδίκως | paschō adikōs | trpět nespravedlivě | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2 | Central category of commended (vs. NOT commended, self-caused) suffering; must stay distinct from generic suffering. |
| suffered for you (substitutionary) | ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἔπαθεν | hyper hēmōn epathen | trpěl za nás | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2, 3 | The substitutionary force of ὑπέρ must be preserved alongside (not instead of) the exemplary “follow in his steps” sense — both are present in 2:21-25. |
| bore [our sins] | ἀναφέρω | anapherō | nesl / vynesl | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | Sacrificial-cultic term requiring OT background. |
| tree / cross | ξύλον | xylon | dřevo (kříže) | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | Echoes Deuteronomy 21:23 “cursed is he who hangs on a tree”; needs brief OT note. |
| shepherd and overseer (of Christ) | ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος | poimēn kai episkopos | pastýř a strážce (duší) | High | Elders and Humility (Christological ground) | 2 | ἐπίσκοπος here is a function of Christ, not an institutional office; must not anticipate “biskup.” |
| gentle and quiet spirit | πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα | praus kai hēsychion pneuma | tichý a mírný duch | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 3 | Risk of secular flattening to mere passivity/silence, parallel to baseline’s “pokoj” caution. |
| fellow heirs | συγκληρονόμος | synklēronomos | spoludědic | High | Holiness in Conduct (marriage) | 3 | Reuses “dědictví”; equality claim easily lost. |
| blessed | μακάριος | makarios | blahoslavený | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3 | Echoes the Beatitudes; low collision but low pre-existing recognition — must be taught as God’s specific favor, not circumstantial happiness. |
| sanctify Christ as Lord | ἁγιάζω Κύριον τὸν Χριστόν | hagiazō Kyrion ton Christon | posvětit Pána Krista | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3 | Combines two Critical baseline terms in one active command; must not be softened to mere mental affirmation. |
| defense / reasoned answer | ἀπολογία | apologia | obhajoba / odpověď | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3 | Courtroom register useful but must not suggest a combative posture (text pairs it with gentleness). |
| good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή | syneidēsis agathē | dobré svědomí | Medium | Holiness in Conduct; Baptism | 3 | Substantial secular overlap with biblical sense; comparatively low risk. |
| once for all | ἅπαξ | hapax | jednou provždy | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | Guards the finality/sufficiency of the atonement; standard idiom exists but theological force must be made explicit. |
| righteous for the unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | dikaios hyper adikōn | spravedlivý za nespravedlivé | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | Central substitutionary statement; ὑπέρ’s substitutionary sense must be preserved. |
| put to death in flesh / made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati | usmrcen v těle, obživen v duchu | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | Genuinely debated exegetically; render literally, flag for theologian review. |
| spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ | pneumata en phylakē | duchové v vězení | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | One of the NT’s most disputed passages; Czech Catholic purgatory-doctrine background risks a false “second chance after death” reading unless carefully qualified. |
| baptism | βάπτισμα | baptisma | křest | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | Denominationally sensitive across Czech Catholic/Hussite/Protestant traditions; Peter’s own qualifier (“not removal of dirt… but pledge of a good conscience”) must always accompany the term. |
| antitype / corresponding type | ἀντίτυπος | antitypos | předobraz / protějšek | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | Technical typological vocabulary; needs brief methodological note. |
| right hand of God | δεξιὰ Θεοῦ | dexia Theou | pravice Boží | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | Standard idiom for supreme honor/authority; literal image needs brief explanation. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | modloslužba | High | Holiness in Conduct | 4 | No literal secular referent (no idol-worship in modern Czech life), so the concept itself is unfamiliar and needs modern application (money/status/pleasure as functional idols). |
| judge the living and the dead | κρίνω ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | krinō zōntas kai nekrous | soudit živé i mrtvé | High | Christ’s Proclamation; eschatology | 4 | Rare positive cultural traction via the Apostles’ Creed (known from weddings/funerals even to secular Czechs); leverage this while still teaching full seriousness. |
| Christian | Χριστιανός | Christianos | křesťan | Medium | Christian Identity; Suffering | 4 | Stable label; in a highly secular society, public self-identification carries real social weight, giving the verse practical contemporary relevance. |
| Creator | κτίστης | ktistēs | Stvořitel | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | Low secular collision, standard theological vocabulary. |
| entrust (one’s soul) | παρατίθημι | paratithēmi | svěřit (duši) | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | Reuses ψυχή “soul”; wellness-industry secular sense of “duše” must be guarded against. |
| elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | starší | Critical | Elders and Humility | 5 | Ordinary comparative adjective for “older”; flattens to a bare age-category unless actively taught as a recognized church office with real authority. |
| shepherd (verb) / flock | ποιμαίνω / ποίμνιον | poimainō / poimnion | pást / stádo | Critical | Elders and Humility | 5 | Core pastoral-leadership vocabulary; must connect consistently to Christ as Chief Shepherd. |
| oversee / exercise oversight | ἐπισκοπέω | episkopeō | dohlížet / mít na starosti (NEVER “biskup”) | Critical | Elders and Humility | 5 | ”Biskup” denotes a specific, later institutional office in every major Czech tradition; using it here would falsely import denominational church-polity hierarchy into the text. |
| lord over / domineer | κατακυριεύω | katakyrieuō | panovat nad | High | Elders and Humility | 5 | Deliberately reuses the “Pán” root but negated; must be distinguished from Christ’s legitimate exclusive lordship. |
| chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην | archipoimēn | nejvyšší Pastýř | High | Elders and Humility | 5 | Anchors elders’ derivative, accountable authority to Christ’s own. |
| crown of glory | στέφανος τῆς δόξης | stephanos tēs doxēs | koruna slávy | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5 | ”Koruna” also names the Czech currency; minor secular-collision note needed alongside the reused baseline “sláva” caution. |
| humility (clothe yourselves with) | ταπεινοφροσύνη (ἐγκομβώσασθε) | tapeinophrosynē (enkombōsasthai) | oblečte se pokorou | Critical | Elders and Humility | 5 | Vivid “tie on a servant’s apron” image is lost in flat rendering, risking reduction to generic politeness rather than costly self-lowering. |
| adversary / devil | ἀντίδικος / διάβολος | antidikos / diabolos | protivník / ďábel (not “čert”) | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake (spiritual conflict) | 5 | Czech Mikuláš/čert folk tradition presents a comedic, non-threatening devil figure; must guard the text’s serious warning from being read through that folkloric lens. |
| Babylon (code name) | Βαβυλών | Babylōn | Babylón | Medium | Church identity / persecution context | 5 | Needs explanatory note distinguishing symbolic usage (likely Rome) from the literal ancient city and modern geography, paralleling baseline’s “Izrael” caution. |
C. Terms Flagged for Registry Addition (Not Yet in Baseline)
The following terms are recommended for formal addition to bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json for this curriculum, given Critical/High risk determinations grounded above:
- živá naděje (living hope) — High
- dědictví (inheritance) — High
- vykoupení / vykoupit (redeem/ransom) — Critical
- pokropení krví (sprinkling of blood) — Critical
- poutníci a hosté (sojourners/exiles, avoiding “přistěhovalci”) — Critical
- svaté kněžstvo / královské kněžstvo (holy/royal priesthood) — Critical
- živý kámen (living stone) — Critical
- poddat se / podřídit se (submit) — High
- duchové v vězení (spirits in prison) — Critical
- křest (baptism, with mandatory qualifier) — Critical
- starší (elder) — Critical
- pást / stádo (shepherd/flock) — Critical
- dohlížet (oversee — never “biskup”) — Critical
- oblečte se pokorou (clothe yourselves with humility) — Critical
- protivník / ďábel (adversary/devil, not “čert”) — High
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Transliteration: Theos
Doctrine: Deity/Living Hope
Original: Θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. No new collision introduced by 1 Peter’s usage; God is addressed as Father, source of mercy and the new birth (1:3).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš Kristus
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (Ježíš / Kristus). Low secular collision for ‘Kristus’ as name; the baseline caution about ‘Ježíš’/‘Ježíšmarjá’ as a casual exclamation still applies in formal teaching register.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Transliteration: Kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ jako běžné zdvořilostní oslovení
Original: Κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:3 uniquely requires the same root, negated (‘panovat nad’), to be kept visibly distinct from Christ’s legitimate exclusive Lordship so elders are never implied to share Christ’s unique authority.
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father who caused believers’ new birth into living hope (1:3); divine fatherhood must be taught, not assumed.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must remain capitalized and personal throughout, guarding specifically against any impersonal-force reading (a documented Watchtower/NWT doctrinal risk in this Language Package’s translation landscape) at 1:2 and 3:18-19.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: spasení jako archaický literární výraz bez obsahu
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Per baseline, the single greatest risk in this Language Package. 1 Peter 1:9’s compound ‘spasení duší’ compounds this risk with ‘duše’ (soul), which independently drifts toward secular wellness usage; both halves need narrative unpacking together.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: spravedlnost
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost výhradně v civilním/právním smyslu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The exact phrase ‘trpět pro spravedlnost’ (suffer for righteousness, 3:14) is this curriculum’s central doctrine title and must be flagged for theologian review at every occurrence.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Especially urgent here since it is the grammatical basis of the letter’s opening thesis (1:3) and the core passage of this entire curriculum; also grounds baptism’s saving appeal (3:21). The baseline’s Velikonoce/pomlázka folk-custom detachment caution applies with maximum force.
Redemption
Approved rendering: vykoupení
Transliteration: lytroō / lytron
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Precious Blood
Rejected alternatives: vykoupení v běžném komerčním smyslu (vykoupení poukázky, zástavy, losu)
Original: λυτρόω / λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW — Critical, parallel to the baseline’s documented pattern for ‘milost’/‘ospravedlnění.’ Being ransomed by Christ’s precious blood from a futile, inherited way of life (1:18-19). Czech ‘vykoupit’ is a live, everyday commercial verb; this dominant secular-transactional sense risks trivializing the costly, blood-bought redemption Peter describes. Always pair with ‘drahou krví Kristovou,’ never leave as a bare commercial-sounding verb.
Substitutionary Suffering
Approved rendering: trpěl za nás
Transliteration: hyper hēmōn/hymōn epathen
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: trpěl s námi (pouze doprovodný, nikoli zástupný smysl)
Original: ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν/ὑμῶν ἔπαθεν
Category: Christology
NEW — Critical. Christ’s death as a substitutionary act on believers’ behalf (2:21, 3:18), held together in 2:21-25 with Christ as moral example. The substitutionary force of ‘za’ must be preserved alongside — not instead of — the exemplary ‘follow in his steps’ sense; losing either half distorts the doctrine.
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: spravedlivý za nespravedlivé
Transliteration: dikaios hyper adikōn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
NEW — Critical. Christ’s substitutionary death — the innocent for the guilty (3:18). Central substitutionary-atonement statement reusing the ‘spravedlnost’ family; must preserve the ‘za’ substitutionary sense in the same way as ‘trpěl za nás.’ Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: posvětit Pána Krista
Transliteration: hagiasate Kyrion ton Christon
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: pouhé mentální přesvědčení bez aktivního uznání Kristovy vlády
Original: ἁγιάζω Κύριον τὸν Χριστόν
Category: Faith
NEW — Critical. Command to reverence Christ’s lordship inwardly, as ground of courageous, gentle witness (3:15). Combines two Critical baseline terms (‘posvěcení’ and ‘Pán’) in a single active command; must not be softened to mere mental assent.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: živý kámen
Transliteration: lithos zōn
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
NEW — Critical. Christ, and by extension believers, as living building-material for God’s spiritual house (2:4-5). No secular collision, but the architectural-temple metaphor is wholly unfamiliar and must be built up narratively, never merely named. Central image for the doctrine since 1 Peter never uses ἐκκλησία.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: svaté kněžstvo / královské kněžstvo
Transliteration: hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: kněžstvo chápané jako výhradně vysvěcený duchovní stav
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
NEW — Critical, HIGHEST-PRIORITY collision in this doctrine cluster. Every believer, not a special class, shares Christ’s priestly access to God (2:5, 2:9). Czech religious history (centuries of Catholic institutional dominance, later Hussite/Protestant clergy disputes) makes ‘kněz/kněžstvo’ strongly associated with an ordained clerical office distinct from the laity — the exact opposite of Peter’s claim. Requires explicit doctrinal correction (‘všichni věřící, ne jen vysvěcení duchovní’) at every occurrence.
Suffering For Righteousness
Approved rendering: trpět pro spravedlnost
Transliteration: paschoite dia dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχω διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Sanctification
NEW — Critical. This curriculum’s title-doctrine statement (3:14). Reuses baseline ‘spravedlnost’; must be flagged for theologian review at every occurrence given its status as this curriculum’s title doctrine.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: duchové v vězení
Transliteration: pneumasin en phylakē
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: čtení jako ‘druhá šance’ po smrti (rizikově blízké katolické tradici o očistci)
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Critical. One of the NT’s most disputed passages (3:19). Roman Catholic tradition, historically dominant in Czech lands, includes a developed purgatory doctrine (‘očistec’); a careless rendering suggesting a post-mortem ‘second chance’ risks supporting a purgatory-adjacent reading not intended by the text. Render literally with a translator’s/theologian’s note surveying interpretive options without resolving them unilaterally.
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: evangelium zvěstováno mrtvým
Transliteration: euēngelisthē nekrois
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: obecná doktrína ‘druhé šance’ po smrti
Original: εὐαγγελίζω νεκροῖς
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Critical. A difficult clause (4:6) directly linked to 3:19’s difficulty. Flag for theologian review every occurrence; avoid implying a general ‘second chance after death’ doctrine not otherwise taught in Scripture, a specific concern given the Czech Catholic purgatory background.
Baptism
Approved rendering: křest
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism and Christ’s Triumph
Rejected alternatives: křest jako pouhé tělesné omytí bez vztahu k dobrému svědomí, křest jako samospasitelný rituál bez odkazu na Kristovo vzkříšení
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Critical. Baptism as the ‘antitype’ of the flood water, tied to a good conscience, stated to ‘now save’ (3:21). Genuinely sensitive across Czech Catholic, Hussite/Czechoslovak, and Protestant traditions; Peter’s own qualifier (‘not a removal of dirt… but a pledge of a good conscience toward God’) must accompany the term every time.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: pokropení krví
Transliteration: rhantismon haimatos
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Precious Blood
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
NEW — Critical. Believers’ inclusion in the new covenant, ratified by Christ’s blood, echoing Exodus 24:8 (1:2). No everyday secular collision, but the entire OT covenant-ratification background cannot be assumed; without it the image is merely strange. Requires explicit narrative teaching.
Elder
Approved rendering: starší
Transliteration: presbyterous
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW — Critical. Recognized leaders within local congregations, exhorted to shepherd God’s flock (5:1). Czech ‘starší’ is the ordinary comparative adjective for ‘older’; without careful framing, flattens to a bare age-category rather than a recognized office with real teaching/shepherding authority and accountability.
Shepherd Flock
Approved rendering: pást / stádo
Transliteration: poimanate / poimnion
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμαίνω / ποίμνιον
Category: Church
NEW — Critical. The central pastoral charge to elders — to tend, guard, and feed God’s flock (5:2). Low secular collision (agricultural image legible via folk tradition), but the underlying concept — sacrificial, protective, non-domineering leadership — requires full explanation, consistently linked to Christ as Chief Shepherd.
Oversee
Approved rendering: dohlížet / mít na starosti
Transliteration: episkopountes
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: biskup (STRICTLY FORBIDDEN in this context)
Original: ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
NEW — Critical. Elders’ watchful, caring supervision of the flock (5:2). Must NEVER be rendered with the noun ‘biskup,’ which denotes, in every major Czech Christian tradition, a specific, later-developed institutional office distinct from and often hierarchically above local elders. The entire mainstream Czech translation landscape already agrees on this point.
Clothe With Humility
Approved rendering: oblečte se pokorou
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynēn enkombōsasthe
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: obecná zdvořilost/skromnost bez odkazu na obraz zástěry
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε
Category: Church
NEW — Critical. The whole community’s posture of mutual humility, using the vivid image of tying on a slave’s work-apron (5:5). ‘Pokora’ alone carries a broadly positive but mild secular connotation (modesty); the vivid original image is entirely lost in a flat rendering and must be recovered, or the call flattens into generic politeness rather than costly self-lowering.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace/Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:19-20 additionally uses charis in a secondary, non-soteriological sense (‘a commendable/praiseworthy thing’) for enduring unjust suffering; flag this sense as distinct from the soteriological grace of 1:2/1:10/5:12 so the two are not silently conflated.
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection/Suffering
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit, especially at 1:8 (‘believing in one not seen’) and 5:9 (resisting the devil, firm in faith).
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Living Hope/Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:4’s ‘crown of glory’ additionally risks a minor secular collision with ‘koruna’ as the Czech currency name; a brief clarifying note is required there.
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Direct ground of the imperative ‘be holy’ (1:15-16, quoting Leviticus 19:2); must connect explicitly to God’s own character, not generic goodness or the name-day-calendar folk association.
Saints
Approved rendering: svatí
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: svatí jako historické kanonizované osobnosti
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter does not use this exact noun as often as Romans, but the corporate, all-believers sense underlies the priesthood vocabulary of 2:4-10 and must be taught consistently with it.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: posvěcení
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: posvěcení jako rituální/symbolický akt bez trvalého obsahu
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Named explicitly at the letter’s opening (1:2), the Spirit’s ongoing setting-apart work; distinct from the ceremonial-blessing secular association noted in the baseline.
Election
Approved rendering: vyvolení
Transliteration: eklektos / eklogē
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: vyvolení v soutěživém sekulárním smyslu (výběrové řízení, sportovní výběr)
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter’s ‘chosen race’ (γένος ἐκλεκτόν, 2:9) adds an ethnic-nationalist misreading risk not present in Romans; must be guarded the same way as the baseline’s Israel/Jews-Gentiles caution.
Called
Approved rendering: povolaný
Transliteration: klētos / kaleō
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (‘povolaný’/‘povolání’). 1 Peter applies this specifically to being called to suffer well (2:21) and to blessing rather than retaliation (3:9); the everyday ‘job/profession’ collision noted in the baseline still applies.
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelium
Transliteration: euangelion / euangelizō
Doctrine: Living Hope/Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:6’s clause (‘evangelium zvěstováno mrtvým’) requires a theologian-review flag distinct from ordinary gospel-proclamation usage, given its link to the 3:18-22 interpretive difficulty.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering/Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: hřích s oslabeným, žertovným významem
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:8’s ‘love covers a multitude of sins’ risks being read as excusing sin; the colloquial ‘hřích’ = ‘a shame/pity’ flattening noted in the baseline remains active here.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boží
Transliteration: dynamis Theou
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The active divine power that guards believers ‘through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed’ (1:5); the military-guard image (φρουρέω) surrounding it should be noted alongside this term.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: poslušnost víry
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith (Romans cross-reference)
Inherited from Romans package, reproduced here ONLY for cross-reference and disambiguation. 1 Peter uses the standalone noun ὑπακοή (‘obedience’) repeatedly (1:2, 1:14, 1:22) without the compound ‘of faith’; this must be tracked as a distinct-but-related new term (see ‘obedience’ below) and never silently merged with this compound.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: živá naděje
Transliteration: elpis zōsa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: naděje jako obecný sekulární optimismus
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
NEW. This curriculum’s title doctrine and opening thesis (1:3). Czech ‘naděje’ is ordinary secular vocabulary for generic optimism, fully detachable from any resurrection referent; ‘živá’ risks reading as mere emotional intensity rather than ‘alive because its object, the risen Christ, is alive.’ Must never appear unaccompanied by an explicit anchor to Christ’s resurrection.
Mercy
Approved rendering: milosrdenství
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Divine Mercy and New Birth
Rejected alternatives: milosrdenství jako obecná lidská charita bez Božího podnětu
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW. God’s compassionate initiative causing the new birth (1:3) and transforming ‘not a people’ into ‘God’s people’ (2:10). Distinct from baseline ‘milost’ (grace/unmerited favor); low everyday secular collision (mainly humanitarian charity contexts) but needs explicit linkage to God’s initiative, not generic human charity.
Born Again
Approved rendering: znovuzrození
Transliteration: anagennaō
Doctrine: Divine Mercy and New Birth
Rejected alternatives: znovuzrození jako postupné sebezdokonalení nebo národní obrození
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Stated twice (1:3, 1:23), the second time tied to the imperishable seed of God’s living word. Czech ‘znovuzrození’ is also used secularly for a nation’s or person’s self-help ‘rebirth’/renewal; must be taught as a decisive, God-caused, one-time act, not gradual self-improvement.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: dědictví
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: The Believer’s Inheritance
Rejected alternatives: dědictví výhradně v běžném pozůstalostním/dědickém smyslu
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW. The imperishable, undefiled, unfading heavenly inheritance (1:4), also invoked for spouses as fellow heirs of the grace of life (3:7). Czech ‘dědictví’ is dominated by everyday probate/estate-law association (dědická daň, závěť, notář); readers default to death-dependent, divisible property — the near-opposite of Peter’s claim. Requires active fencing every occurrence.
Soul
Approved rendering: duše
Transliteration: psychē
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection/Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: duše v sekulárním wellness smyslu (‘péče o duši’)
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
NEW. The whole inner person before God, whose salvation is the outcome of tested faith (1:9) and which sufferers entrust to their faithful Creator (4:19). Czech ‘duše’ is common in secular wellness/self-care register (‘péče o duši,’ ‘duševní zdraví’), detached from eternal destiny before God. Must be actively taught in both occurrences.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: předzvědění
Transliteration: prognōsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
NEW. God the Father’s sovereign foreknowledge undergirding believers’ election and calling (1:2). Rare, non-collision Czech word; comprehension gap, not wrong-meaning risk. Needs foundational explanation, not correction of a competing sense.
Sufferings Of Christ
Approved rendering: utrpení Kristovo
Transliteration: pathēmata
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: πάθημα (τὰ παθήματα)
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s redemptive sufferings foretold by the prophets (1:11), witnessed by Peter (5:1), and shared in by believers (4:13), though not identical in kind. Must be kept distinct from generic human ‘utrpení’ used elsewhere for believers’ own trials — his is atoning; ours is not.
Lamb
Approved rendering: beránek
Transliteration: amnos amōmos kai aspilos
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Precious Blood
Original: ἀμνός ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ as the perfect, unblemished sacrificial Passover lamb, the price of redemption (1:19). Czech Easter culture (Velikonoce) prominently features ‘beránek’ as a shaped Easter pastry/food symbol, parallel to the baseline’s ‘vzkříšení’/pomlázka risk; anchor explicitly to the Passover/sacrificial background (Exodus 12), not seasonal cuisine.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: nesl (naše hříchy)
Transliteration: anēnegken
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω (ἀνήνεγκεν)
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ carrying believers’ sins in his body on the cross, as a sacrificial offering (2:24). Sacrificial-cultic term requiring Old Testament sacrificial background, which cannot be assumed for a general secular reader.
Put To Death Made Alive
Approved rendering: usmrcen v těle, obživen v duchu
Transliteration: thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: jednostranné vyřešení exegetického napětí (např. čistě ‘duchovní’ zmrtvýchvstání)
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s death and resurrection/exaltation, contrasted by realm — flesh and spirit (3:18). Genuinely debated exegetically among reputable interpreters; render literally and flag every occurrence for theologian review rather than resolving the interpretive question through translation choice.
Right Hand Of God
Approved rendering: pravice Boží
Transliteration: dexia Theou
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: δεξιὰ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s exalted position of supreme honor and authority after the resurrection (3:22). Standard biblical idiom; the literal image (a hand) could seem odd without brief explanation of the idiom.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: nejvyšší Pastýř
Transliteration: archipoimēn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ as the ultimate Shepherd, to whom under-shepherd elders are accountable (5:4). Ties directly to 2:25’s shepherd imagery and to Christ’s lordship; elders’ authority is explicitly derivative and accountable, not autonomous.
Shepherd Overseer Of Christ
Approved rendering: pastýř a strážce (duší)
Transliteration: poimēn kai episkopos
Doctrine: Elders and Humility (Christological ground)
Rejected alternatives: biskup (FORBIDDEN — see requirements doc)
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s pastoral, guarding care of believers’ souls (2:25), using the same verb-root as the office later assigned to elders. Here ἐπίσκοπος describes a FUNCTION applied to Christ himself; must not be rendered with the later, institutional ‘biskup.‘
Judge Living And Dead
Approved rendering: soudit živé i mrtvé
Transliteration: krinai zōntas kai nekrous
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Eschatological Hope
Original: κρίνω ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Christ’s final eschatological accountability over all people (4:5). This exact phrase also occurs in the historic Apostles’ Creed, known even to secular Czechs from weddings and funerals — a rare point of positive cultural traction, though full eschatological seriousness must still be taught rather than assumed from surface familiarity.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: duchovní dům
Transliteration: oikos pneumatikos
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
NEW. The church as a living temple built of believer ‘stones’ (2:5). Companion term to ‘living stone’; needs the same narrative scaffolding, since 1 Peter’s ecclesiology rides entirely on this image vocabulary with no ‘církev’ fallback.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: vyvolený rod
Transliteration: genos eklekton
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: rod v etnicko-nacionalistickém smyslu
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
NEW. Believers collectively, drawn from every ethnicity, as God’s chosen people (2:9). Reuses baseline ‘vyvolení’; guard against ethnic-nationalist misreading of ‘rod’ (race/lineage) through a modern national-identity lens.
Good Conduct
Approved rendering: dobré jednání
Transliteration: anastrophē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Visible, honorable manner of life among unbelievers that refutes slander and models godliness (2:12; 3:1-2, 16). Recurring, load-bearing term across the whole book; must be rendered consistently across all curriculum documents.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: modloslužba
Transliteration: eidōlolatria
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
NEW. Worship of false gods, listed among abandoned Gentile vices (4:3). No everyday secular collision (Czechs do not literally worship carved idols), which paradoxically makes the concept entirely unfamiliar; needs foundational explanation of FUNCTIONAL modern idolatry (money, status, pleasure as substitute gods).
Suffer Unjustly
Approved rendering: trpět nespravedlivě
Transliteration: paschō adikōs
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχω ἀδίκως
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Undeserved suffering endured patiently, commended when for God’s sake (2:19-20). Must be kept distinct from suffering-in-general or suffering-for-wrongdoing, explicitly NOT commended (2:20).
Once For All
Approved rendering: jednou provždy
Transliteration: hapax
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
NEW. The unrepeatable, sufficient nature of Christ’s atoning suffering (3:18). Standard idiomatic Czech phrase with low secular collision, but its theological force (finality and sufficiency of the cross, guarding against any notion of repeated/ongoing atonement) must be made explicit each occurrence.
Submit
Approved rendering: poddat se / podřídit se
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: podřízenost jako bezpodmínečná politická poslušnost
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
NEW. Voluntary submission to civil authority (2:13), to masters (2:18), and within marriage (3:1). Living memory of enforced political submission under 20th-century totalitarian rule (Nazi occupation, then Communist rule) gives this vocabulary a distinct historical charge; the text’s own qualifiers (for the Lord’s sake, suffering unjustly while doing good, God as final Judge) must always accompany the imperative.
Fellow Heirs
Approved rendering: spoludědic milosti života
Transliteration: synklēronomoi charitos zōēs
Doctrine: Marriage and Household Relationships
Original: συγκληρονόμος χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Husbands and wives as equal co-heirs of God’s gift of life (3:7). Reuses ‘dědictví’ and baseline ‘milost’; the equality claim is theologically significant and easily lost without explicit teaching, since Czech legal inheritance culture assumes potentially unequal shares.
Entrust Soul
Approved rendering: svěřit (duši)
Transliteration: paratithesthōsan tas psychas
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: παρατίθημι τὰς ψυχάς
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Believers’ active, trusting response to suffering, entrusting their souls to their faithful Creator (4:19). Reuses ψυχή (‘duše’); the wellness-industry secular sense of ‘duše’ must again be guarded against here.
Sojourners
Approved rendering: poutníci a hosté
Transliteration: parepidēmois / paroikous
Doctrine: Sojourner Identity
Rejected alternatives: cizinci a přistěhovalci (POLITICKY ZATÍŽENO — zakázáno, viz požadavky)
Original: παρεπίδημοι / πάροικοι
Category: Church
NEW. Believers’ identity as spiritual exiles awaiting their true homeland (1:1, 2:11). Contemporary Czech migration discourse (‘přistěhovalci,’ ‘migranti’) is politically charged; the softer, non-political ‘poutníci a hosté’ pairing is required, with a translator’s note explaining the choice.
Obedience
Approved rendering: poslušnost
Transliteration: hypakoē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Obedience directed toward Jesus Christ and toward the truth, used as a standalone noun repeatedly (1:2, 1:14, 1:22). Must NOT be silently merged with the baseline compound ‘poslušnost víry’ (obedience of faith, Romans 1:5/16:26); track as distinct-but-related.
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: protivník / ďábel
Transliteration: antidikos / diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Resistance to the Devil
Rejected alternatives: čert (FOLKLORNÍ, komické podání — zakázáno v tomto kontextu)
Original: ἀντίδικος / διάβολος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The personal, spiritual enemy actively opposing believers, seeking to devour them (5:8). Czech folk culture retains a vivid, comedic ‘čert’ figure from the Mikuláš tradition; ‘ďábel’ must be used, with an explicit note guarding against that folkloric, non-threatening reading.
Lord Over
Approved rendering: panovat nad
Transliteration: katakyrieuontes
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Church
NEW. The forbidden model of authoritarian, domineering leadership among elders (5:3). Deliberately reuses the ‘Pán/panovat’ root but here negated; must be clearly distinguished from Christ’s legitimate, exclusive lordship.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: zkouška
Transliteration: peirasmois
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Divinely permitted circumstances that test and refine faith (1:6). Czech ‘zkouška’ is overwhelmingly the everyday word for a school exam or driving test; readers default to a low-stakes academic-testing frame rather than costly, faith-refining suffering. Recurs conceptually as δοκίμιον in the next verse.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: pravost víry
Transliteration: dokimion
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Faith’s authenticity, proven and refined through trials, more valuable than gold (1:7). ‘Pravost’ evokes consumer/forensic authenticity-checking (goods, currency, documents); the metallurgical refining-through-fire sense risks being lost in favor of a flat consumer-verification sense.
Blessed
Approved rendering: blahoslavený
Transliteration: makarioi
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: blažený/šťastný v čistě okolnostním smyslu
Original: μακάριος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The paradoxical blessedness of suffering for righteousness (3:14, 4:14). Echoes the Beatitudes; standard biblical-register word with essentially no everyday secular use, meaning low collision but also low pre-existing recognition — must be taught as God’s specific commendation, not circumstantial happiness.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: zjevení Ježíše Krista
Transliteration: apokalypsei Iēsou Christou
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Eschatological Hope
Rejected alternatives: zjevení jako obecný vjem, vhled nebo lidové ‘strašidelné’ zjevení
Original: ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The future, visible return of Christ, at which faith’s proof is displayed (1:7, 4:13). Everyday Czech ‘zjevení’ can mean any insight, epiphany, or apparition (including folk/ghost-story usage); must be anchored explicitly to Christ’s future bodily return.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Greetings/Community Ethics
Rejected alternatives: pokoj ve smyslu pouhého klidu
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the letter’s greeting (1:2) and as fruit of turning from evil (3:11); the everyday ‘mere quiet’ caution applies equally here.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apoštol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Named at the letter’s opening (1:1); low mistranslation risk, though unfamiliarity with the New Testament narrative role should still be briefly addressed.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: duchovní dary
Transliteration: charisma
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Spirit-given enablements for serving one another as good stewards of God’s varied grace (4:10).
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (Romans cross-reference)
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Inherited from Romans package, reproduced here for cross-curriculum consistency ONLY. IMPORTANT: 1 Peter never uses ἐκκλησία; this term does NOT occur in this book. The ‘Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood’ doctrine must be built entirely from 1 Peter 2:4-10’s own vocabulary (living stone, spiritual house, holy priesthood, chosen race, holy nation) — do not introduce ‘církev’ into 1 Peter teaching material as if it were the book’s own term.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: nepomíjitelné
Transliteration: aphthartos
Doctrine: The Believer’s Inheritance/Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Describes both the inheritance (1:4) and the imperishable beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit (3:4). Rare Czech word with low everyday use; comprehension gap rather than collision, needs a plain gloss (‘nemůže se rozpadnout ani zaniknout’).
Tree Cross
Approved rendering: dřevo (kříže)
Transliteration: xylon
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: mučednický kůl (Watchtower/NWT-specific rendering — FORBIDDEN, see requirements doc)
Original: ξύλον
Category: Christology
NEW. Echoes Deuteronomy 21:23’s ‘cursed is he who hangs on a tree’ (2:24). Needs the OT background briefly noted, or the image of ‘wood’ reads as merely descriptive. Must never drift toward ‘kůl’-family vocabulary, a specific identifiable Watchtower/NWT doctrinal rendering.
Creator
Approved rendering: Stvořitel
Transliteration: ktistēs
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
NEW. God addressed specifically as faithful Creator, the ground for entrusting one’s soul amid suffering (4:19). Standard theological vocabulary with low secular collision, though unfamiliar as a specific divine title to a general secular reader.
Spiritual Sacrifice
Approved rendering: duchovní oběť
Transliteration: thysia pneumatikē
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: θυσία πνευματική
Category: Church
NEW. Believers’ worship, praise, and good deeds offered to God through Christ (2:5). Needs OT sacrificial background explained, since literal animal sacrifice has no living cultural referent for a modern secular reader.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: svatý národ
Transliteration: ethnos hagion
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: národ v moderním politickém/etnickém smyslu
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. The church as God’s set-apart people, echoing Exodus 19:6 (2:9). Czech ‘národ’ carries strong modern national/ethnic connotation; needs explicit reframing as a spiritual, multi-ethnic people, not a political nation-state.
Peoples Possession
Approved rendering: lid Božího vlastnictví
Transliteration: laos eis peripoiēsin
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
NEW. Believers as a people specially acquired/owned by God (2:9). Unfamiliar compound; comprehension gap requiring explanation, not a collision with a wrong existing meaning.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: nepokrytecká bratrská láska
Transliteration: philadelphia anypokritos
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship
Original: φιλαδελφία ἀνυπόκριτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Sincere, non-performative love for fellow believers (1:22). Needs ‘brotherly’ framed explicitly as a spiritual-family category, not biological.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: tichý a mírný duch
Transliteration: praus kai hēsychios pneuma
Doctrine: Marriage and Household Relationships
Original: πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. An inward disposition of gentleness valued as precious before God (3:4). ‘Tichý’ risks the same secular flattening the baseline notes for ‘pokoj’ — mere absence of noise/enforced silence rather than inward disposition.
Freedom
Approved rendering: svoboda
Transliteration: eleutheria
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Ethics
NEW. Christian freedom, not a cover for wrongdoing (2:16). Must be distinguished from libertarian/political ‘freedom’ and from moral license in contemporary secular Czech usage.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: služebník Boží
Transliteration: doulos Theou
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: otrok Boží (příliš silné negativní konotace zotročení)
Original: δοῦλος Θεοῦ
Category: Ethics
NEW. Total belonging to and obligation toward God, framing believers’ civic freedom (2:16). ‘Otrok’ carries strong modern oppression connotations that would clash with the positive self-designation; ‘služebník’ is gentler but under-conveys total ownership.
Household Servant
Approved rendering: služebník (v domě)
Transliteration: oiketai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: οἰκέτης
Category: Ethics
NEW. First-century domestic servants, addressed regarding unjust treatment (2:18). The historical institution of domestic slavery needs brief framing for a modern reader; application transfers to employment/authority relationships generally.
Christian
Approved rendering: křesťan
Transliteration: Christianos
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Suffering for the Name
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
NEW. A person identified with and belonging to Christ, an identity marker to embrace when suffering (4:16). Stable, unambiguous label, but in a highly secular society, self-identifying publicly may carry mild social cost, giving practical contemporary relevance.
Antitype
Approved rendering: předobraz / protějšek
Transliteration: antitypon
Doctrine: Baptism and Christ’s Triumph
Rejected alternatives: přepis ‘antitypon’ bez vysvětlení (nekomunikuje nic sekulárnímu čtenáři)
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Typological relationship between the flood and baptism (3:21). Technical typological vocabulary requiring a brief methodological explanation of biblical typology as a category, since it has no secular Czech equivalent.
Dispersion
Approved rendering: diaspora / rozptýlení
Transliteration: diaspora
Doctrine: Sojourner Identity
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
NEW. Believers scattered among the nations, echoing Israel’s exile (1:1). Needs OT exile background explained; the transliterated ‘diaspora’ is recognizable in general Czech usage (‘česká diaspora’), a helpful bridge term once explained.
Babylon
Approved rendering: Babylón
Transliteration: Babylōn
Doctrine: Sojourner Identity/persecution context
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Church
NEW. Symbolic designation for the place of writing, likely Rome, echoing exile/oppression themes (5:13). Needs an explanatory note distinguishing symbolic usage from the literal ancient city and the modern geographic region, paralleling the baseline’s ‘Izrael’ caution.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: koruna slávy
Transliteration: stephanon tēs doxēs
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Church
NEW. The eschatological reward for faithful shepherding (5:4). Reuses baseline ‘sláva’; Czech ‘koruna’ also names the national currency, a minor but real secular-collision risk worth a brief clarifying note (a victor’s/honorific wreath, not currency or a political crown).
Witness Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: svědek utrpení
Transliteration: martys tōn pathēmatōn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μάρτυς τῶν παθημάτων
Category: Church
NEW. Peter’s personal eyewitness authority grounding his exhortation to elders (5:1). Standard legal/testimonial vocabulary with substantial overlap between secular and biblical sense, comparatively low risk.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: dobré svědomí
Transliteration: syneidēsis agathē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct/Baptism and Christ’s Triumph
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Conduct maintained with integrity before God despite unjust treatment, and the substance of baptism’s inward appeal (3:16, 3:21). Substantial secular overlap (‘mít čisté/dobré svědomí’ is common Czech usage), comparatively low risk.
Defense
Approved rendering: obhajoba / odpověď
Transliteration: apologian
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Faith
NEW. A reasoned, ready explanation of one’s hope, given with gentleness (3:15). Czech ‘obhajoba’ carries a courtroom/legal register, useful as an image but should not suggest a combative posture, since the text pairs it explicitly with gentleness and respect.
Love
Approved rendering: milovat
Transliteration: agapate
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship
Original: ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
NEW. Committed love for the unseen Christ (1:8), and fervent mutual love within the church (4:8). Secular usage of ‘láska/milovat’ skews toward romantic/family affection; must be taught as committed, worship-directed love and costly, sin-covering community love.
Joy
Approved rendering: radost
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: χαρά
Category: Faith
NEW. Joy that coexists with present unseen-ness and even suffering (1:8, 4:13). Ordinary secular word for happiness/pleasure; the paradox of joy amid trial must be taught explicitly, not assumed from the word alone.
End Of All Things
Approved rendering: konec všeho
Transliteration: telos pantōn
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Eschatological Hope
Original: τέλος πάντων
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The imminent eschatological expectation motivating watchful, loving living (4:7). Guard against vague apocalyptic sensationalism versus the sober, motivated readiness the text intends.
Dominion
Approved rendering: panství / moc
Transliteration: kratos
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Sovereign Power
Original: κράτος
Category: God
NEW. God’s eternal, sovereign dominion, ascribed in the closing doxology (5:11). Standard doxological vocabulary; low collision, some unfamiliarity for a general reader.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: prorok ve smyslu věštce nebo jasnovidce
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Old Testament prophets who searched out and foretold the grace to come in Christ (1:10-12).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: společenství
Transliteration: koinōnia / koinōneō
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία / κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Shared participation in Christ’s sufferings (4:13); stable, low-risk modern Czech word.
Referenced passages