Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Matthew 1–28 (English → Czech)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the full 28 chapters of Matthew. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and their Czech rendering and risk tier are carried over exactly, per the hard rule that established renderings must never be altered. Terms newly introduced by Matthew are marked [NEW]. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and its review-routing logic (Critical & High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Category: Christology (Jesus as Messiah, Son of David, Son of God, Son of Man, Lord)
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Messiah / Christ | Χριστός / Μεσσίας | Mesiáš | Critical | [REUSED] | Messianic Promise | Requires full OT messianic-expectation background per baseline; central to “Jesus as the Promised Messiah.” |
| Son of God | υἱὸς Θεοῦ | Syn Boží | Critical | [REUSED] | Sonship of Christ | Full phrase required; Peter’s confession (16:16) and centurion’s confession (27:54) are the doctrine’s key Matthean anchors. |
| Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | Syn Davidův | High | [NEW] | Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David | Requires Davidic-covenant OT background; functions as a live messianic title (crowds, blind men, Canaanite woman), not merely a genealogical note. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | Syn člověka | Critical | [NEW] | Kingdom of Heaven; Judgment and the End of the Age | Jesus’ preferred self-designation; combines humility and Danielic apocalyptic authority (Dan 7:13-14) — a secular reader will default to “just a human being” without this background. |
| Lord | κύριος | Pán | Critical | [REUSED] | Lordship of Christ | Reuses baseline risk exactly; Matthean occurrences include “Lord of the Sabbath” (12:8) and “Lord, Lord” warnings (7:21-23), each compounding the baseline’s capitalization-fragility concern. |
| Incarnation / Immanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ / ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο | vtělení / Emanuel (“Bůh s námi”) | Critical | [REUSED / NEW proper name] | Incarnation | ”Emanuel” is a new proper-name transliteration for this curriculum but the underlying doctrine (vtělení) reuses the baseline term exactly. |
| Seed/Son of David (genealogical) | σπέρμα Δαυίδ | potomek Davidův | Medium | [REUSED] | Davidic Covenant | Distinct from the messianic title “Syn Davidův” above; this is the genealogical-descent sense. |
| worship / homage | προσκυνέω | klanět se / uctívat | High | [NEW] | Deity of Christ | Tracks an escalating trajectory from ambiguous royal homage (Magi, 2:11) to unambiguous divine worship (28:9,17); inconsistent rendering across occurrences would obscure the Christological argument. |
| Transfiguration | μεταμορφόω | proměnění / proměnil se | High | [NEW] | Deity of Christ | Risk of collapse into the secular “makeover” sense of proměna; low pre-existing liturgical familiarity in secular Czech culture. |
| ”I am” (possible divine self-disclosure) | ἐγώ εἰμι | Já jsem to | High | [NEW] | Deity of Christ | Matt 14:27; contextually ambiguous between mundane self-identification and an echo of the divine name; flag, do not over-assert. |
| David (proper name) | Δαυίδ | David | Low | [REUSED] | Davidic Covenant | Standard proper name. |
Category: Kingdom of Heaven
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | království nebeské | High | [NEW] | Kingdom of Heaven | Matthew’s dominant idiom (32x); elevates the baseline’s Medium-risk “kingdom_of_god” note because of its centrality to the entire book and the fairy-tale/fantasy-genre association of “království” already flagged in the baseline. |
| Kingdom of God (Matthean single use) | βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ | království Boží | Medium | [REUSED] | Kingdom of Heaven | Matt 21:43 only; must not be flattened into “království nebeské” — this is an intentional Matthean terminological variation. |
| the kingdom has come near | ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία | království se přiblížilo / je blízko | High | [NEW] | Kingdom of Heaven | ”Already/not yet” nuance requires explicit teaching so the kingdom is read as neither wholly future nor wholly consummated. |
| mysteries of the kingdom | μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας | tajemství království | Medium-High | [NEW] | Kingdom of Heaven | Risk of a detective-novel/puzzle-mystery secular reading rather than divinely disclosed revelation. |
| parable | παραβολή | podobenství | Medium | [NEW] | Kingdom of Heaven; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Genre itself (concealing/revealing teaching form) is unfamiliar and needs framing. |
| seek first the kingdom | ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν | (reuses království nebeské) | High | [NEW phrase, reused term] | Kingdom of Heaven | Summary priority-statement; no new lexical risk beyond the base term. |
Category: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy / Prophet / Scripture
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prophet | προφήτης | prorok | Medium | [REUSED] | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Guard against Czech’s fortune-telling/predictive secular sense of “prorokovat,” as already flagged in baseline. |
| Prophecy | προφητεία | proroctví | Medium | [REUSED] | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | As baseline. |
| ”that it might be fulfilled” (fulfillment formula) | πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθέν | aby se naplnilo, co bylo řečeno | High | [NEW] | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Matthew’s signature structural formula (~12 occurrences); requires substantial OT background-building at each use, since it cannot be assumed. |
| to fulfill (the Law/Prophets) | πληρῶσαι | naplnit | High | [NEW] | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Matt 5:17; must convey completion/fuller-realization, not mere legal compliance or abolition. |
| sign of Jonah | σημεῖον Ἰωνბ | znamení Jonáše | Medium-High | [NEW] | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Resurrection of Christ | Typological prediction of the resurrection; requires Jonah-narrative background. |
| abomination of desolation | βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως | ohavnost zpustošení / znamení zkázy | High | [NEW] | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Judgment and the End of the Age | Opaque without Danielic apocalyptic background; among the least self-explanatory phrases in the book. |
Category: Law, Righteousness, and the Pharisees
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Law | νόμος | zákon | High | [REUSED] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | As baseline; distinguish Mosaic Law from civil law-in-general. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | spravedlnost | High | [REUSED] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Salvation | Matthew uniquely layers the baseline’s forensic sense with an ethical “exceeding” sense (5:20); translators must track which sense is active per occurrence. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | hřích | High | [REUSED] | Universal Human Accountability | As baseline. |
| tradition of the elders | παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων | tradice starších | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Rabbinic-legal background needed. |
| defile (moral, not ritual) | κοινόω | znečišťovat / pošpinit | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Relocates purity from ritual to moral/heart categories. |
| hypocrite | ὑποκριτής | pokrytec | Low-Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Unusually live, non-archaic everyday Czech word — an advantage for this Language Package; connect to specific religious-performance context. |
| pure in heart | καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίბ | čistého srdce | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Distinguish from ritual/hygienic cleanliness. |
| perfect / complete | τέλειος | dokonalý / úplný | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Distinguish relational maturity/wholeness from flawless, unreachable perfectionism. |
| Pharisees / scribes | Φαρισαῖοι / γραμματεῖς | farizeové / zákoníci | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Historical office names; handle with cultural sensitivity given Czech lands’ Jewish history, avoid caricature/stereotype. |
Category: Salvation, Grace, Faith
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvation | σωτηρία / σῴζω | spasení | Critical | [REUSED] | Salvation | As baseline; every Matthean occurrence (1:21, 19:25) requires the mandatory narrative gloss. |
| Faith | πίστις | víra | High | [REUSED] | Faith | As baseline; Matthean occurrences (centurion, Canaanite woman) build the Great Commission’s universal-scope theme. |
| little faith | ὀλιγοπιστία / ὀλιγόπιστος | malověrnost / malověrní | Medium | [NEW] | Faith; Discipleship | Describes struggling disciples, not unbelievers — must not be read as total spiritual failure. |
| Grace (thematic, via parable) | (thematic; cf. χάρις) | milost (thematic reference) | High | [REUSED] | Grace | The Laborers in the Vineyard parable (20:1-16) is Matthew’s key narrative illustration of grace vs. merit; cross-reference baseline’s Romans 4:4-5/11:5-6 note. |
| reward / wage | μισθός | odplata / mzda | High | [NEW] | Grace; Judgment and the End of the Age | Recurs heavily; unreflective use of the wage-word mzda risks a merit-based theology contradicting the Grace doctrine; prefer odplata except where a deliberate wage-metaphor is intended. |
| ransom | λύτρον | výkupné | Critical | [NEW] | Salvation (Atonement) | Ordinary Czech meaning = a kidnapping/hostage ransom payment; one of the most severe secular collisions identified in this Language Package. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | odpuštění hříchů | Medium | [NEW] | Salvation | Bridge concept from everyday interpersonal forgiveness; must be tied explicitly to the costly, sacrificial covenant context. |
| mercy / merciful | ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων | milosrdenství / milosrdný | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Grace | Phonetic/etymological proximity to milost (grace) risks conflating two distinct concepts. |
Category: Divine Calling, Election, Discipleship
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Called | κλητός | povolaný | High | [REUSED] | Divine Calling | As baseline; Matt 22:14 (“many are called”) combines with Election in a single verse. |
| Election / chosen | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός | vyvolení / vyvolený | High | [REUSED] | Divine Calling | As baseline; Matt 22:14 and 24:22, 31 (“gather his elect”). |
| Disciple | μαθητής | učedník | Low | [NEW] | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Stable term; the ordinary “apprentice” secular sense is a helpful, not harmful, association here. |
| make disciples | μαθητεύω | získávejte učedníky | High | [NEW] | The Great Commission | Requires an active, ongoing disciple-making verb, not a passive “instruct/teach about” rendering. |
| take up his cross | ἆραι τὸν σταυρόν | vzít svůj kříž | High | [NEW] | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | The physical object (kříž) is visually ubiquitous in Czech culture but largely detached from its self-denying discipleship meaning; risk of a merely decorative/funerary association. |
| yoke | ζυγός | jho | High | [NEW] | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Dominant Czech connotation is oppressive burden (slavery, Communism); risks inverting Jesus’ “easy yoke” meaning. |
| confess / deny (Christ) | ὁμολογέω / ἀρνέομαι | vyznat / zapřít | High | [NEW] | Discipleship; Lordship of Christ | Direct Matthean counterpart to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 confession doctrine; must carry equal theological weight and consistency. |
| stumbling block | σκάνδαλον | kámen úrazu | Medium | [NEW] | Church and Church Discipline; Discipleship | Idiom survives in secular Czech as a diluted “sticking point” sense; must be restored to full moral seriousness. |
Category: Church and Church Discipline
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Church | ἐκκλησία | církev | Medium | [REUSED] | The Church and Church Discipline | As baseline; Matt 16:18 and 18:15-17 are the doctrine’s foundational Matthean texts. |
| keys of the kingdom / bind-loose | κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας / δέω-λύω | klíče království / svazovat a rozvazovat | Critical | [NEW] | The Church and Church Discipline | Historically central to Catholic papal-authority claims, visually reinforced by widespread Petrine-keys iconography across the Czech landscape; requires explicit doctrinal framing appropriate to this curriculum’s tradition. Mandatory theologian review. |
| tell it to the church (discipline procedure) | εἰπὲ τῇ ἐκκλησίბ | řekni to církvi | High | [NEW phrase, reused term] | The Church and Church Discipline | Foundational procedural text; denominational practices vary widely, requiring careful, tradition-appropriate framing. |
| seventy times seven (limitless forgiveness) | ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά | sedmdesátkrát sedmkrát | Low | [NEW] | Church and Church Discipline; Discipleship | Vivid hyperbole, low lexical risk. |
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| end of the age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | konec věku | Critical | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age; The Great Commission | Recurs at both 13:39-49 and the Gospel’s closing verse (28:20); must render identically throughout; zero assumable eschatological background. |
| Parousia / coming (of the Son of Man) | παρουσία | příchod / druhý příchod | Critical | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age | No everyday Czech equivalent conveys the technical sense; must be built entirely from context. |
| Gehenna / hell | γέεννα | peklo | Critical | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age | Extremely severe secular collision: ordinary Czech uses peklo as a casual hyperbolic exclamation for any unpleasant situation, structurally worse than the baseline’s “hřích” idiom-drift note. |
| great tribulation | θλῖψις μεγάλη | velké soužení | Medium | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age | Distinguish from ordinary hardship/suffering. |
| eternal life / eternal punishment | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / κόλασις αἰώνιος | věčný život / věčné odsouzení (trest) | Critical | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age | Two ultimate, exclusive destinies; requires full narrative explanation, not lexical translation alone. |
| talents (stewardship parable) | τάλαντα | hřivny | Medium | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age; Discipleship | Avoid the false-friend “talenty” (innate ability), which narrows the parable’s original broader stewardship sense. |
| blasphemy against the Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα | rouhání proti Duchu svatému | Critical | [NEW] | Judgment and the End of the Age | History of pastoral distress when handled imprecisely; requires narrow, precise definition. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Sabbath | σάββατον | sobota | Critical | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Ordinary Czech word simply means the weekday “Saturday” — near-zero residual religious content, one of the sharpest secular collisions identified across this entire glossary. |
| authority | ἐξουσία | moc / pravomoc | High | [NEW] | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Must be distinguished from baseline’s moc Boží (δύναμις, raw power); recommend pravomoc specifically for ἐξουσία with an explanatory note distinguishing it from raw power/ability. |
Category: Repentance, Baptism, Fasting, Piety
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| repent / repentance | μετανοέω / μετάνοια | pokání / obraťte se | High | [NEW] | Kingdom of Heaven (entry requirement) | Risk of collapse into the specific Catholic sacrament of confession (svátost pokání) rather than a personal life-reorientation available to anyone. |
| baptize / baptism | βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα | křtít / křest | Medium | [NEW] | The Great Commission | Secular usage for non-religious “christening” ceremonies (ships, books) risks a purely ceremonial reading detached from repentance/faith. |
| fasting | νηστεύω / νηστεία | postit se / půst | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Some residual cultural familiarity (Lent, “postní doba”) but largely detached from theological content, paralleling the baseline’s Easter/pomlázka note. |
| almsgiving | ἐλεημοσύνη | almužna / dávání chudým | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | ”Almužna” carries a mildly paternalistic, transactional connotation; consider the more descriptive alternative. |
| mammon | μαμωνᾶς | mamon | Medium | [NEW] | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Discipleship | Low current secular recognition; needs a gloss personifying wealth as a rival, false master. |
| Lord’s Prayer address | Πάτερ ἡμῶν… ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου | (reuses Otec; verbal form of svatý) | Critical | [REUSED] | (Prayer) | The single most memorized/liturgically repeated text in the Gospel; strict cross-document consistency required. |
Category: God, Holy Spirit, Father, Trinity
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | Bůh | Critical | [REUSED] | Deity of Christ | As baseline. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Duch svatý | Critical | [REUSED] | Sonship/Deity of Christ; Trinity | As baseline; Matt 1:18-20, 3:16, 12:28, 28:19 build the Trinitarian framework across the whole book. |
| Father | πατήρ | Otec | Critical | [REUSED] | Adoption; Trinity | As baseline. |
| Trinitarian baptismal formula | εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | ve jméno Otce i Syna i Ducha svatého | Critical | [NEW phrase, reused terms] | The Great Commission | The NT’s clearest single Trinitarian formula (28:19); the single highest-value location in Matthew for foundational Trinity teaching, since basic Trinitarian categories cannot be assumed as background. |
| devil / Satan | διάβολος / Σατανᾶς | ďábel / Satan | Medium | [NEW] | (Temptation narrative) | Keep distinct from the Czech folk-cultural figure čert (St. Nicholas Day custom), which risks trivializing the theological figure into folklore. |
| Gentiles / nations (in mission contexts) | ἔθνη | národy (contrast with baseline pohané) | Medium | [REUSED, contextual nuance] | The Great Commission; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Matt 28:19’s “all nations” must use the neutral, inclusive národy, NOT baseline’s pohané (which specifically excludes Jews) — per the baseline’s own existing distinction. |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Izrael | Low | [REUSED] | Jesus as Promised Messiah; Mission | As baseline; contemporary Middle East political sensitivity note applies equally in Matthew (ch.2, 10, 23). |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Ježíš | Critical | [REUSED] | Lordship of Christ | As baseline. |
| Immanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ | Emanuel | Critical | [NEW proper name] | Incarnation | Paired with gloss “Bůh s námi”; structural bookend with 28:20’s closing promise. |
Category: Great Commission and Mission
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mission (thematic) | ἀποστολή / πέμπω (thematic) | misie | Medium | [REUSED] | The Great Commission | As baseline; mild NGO/colonial-era secular connotation risk noted there applies equally here. |
| lost sheep of the house of Israel | πρόβατα ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ | ztracené ovce z domu Izraele | Medium | [NEW] | The Great Commission | Represents a staged mission strategy (Israel first, ch.10) later universalized (ch.28); must not be read as a permanent ethnic restriction. |
| harvest is plentiful, laborers few | θερισμὸς πολύς, ἐργάται ὀλίγοι | žeň je hojná, dělníků málo | Medium | [NEW] | Mission; Great Commission | Missionary urgency needs non-confrontational framing given secular Czech sensitivity to perceived religious intrusiveness. |
| Hosanna to the Son of David | Ὡσαννά τῷ υἱῷ Δαυίδ | Ozanna Synu Davidovu | Medium | [NEW] | Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David | Transliterated acclamation with no inherent meaning in Czech without a gloss (“save now/save, please”). |
| all authority in heaven and on earth | πბσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς | (reuses moc/pravomoc) | High | [NEW phrase, reused term] | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; Great Commission | The climactic, most cosmic-scope statement of Jesus’ authority, grounding the entire missionary mandate. |
| I am with you always, to the end of the age | ἐγὼ μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι… ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος | (reuses konec věku) | Critical | [NEW phrase, reused term] | The Great Commission; Judgment and the End of the Age | Structural bookend with 1:23’s “Immanuel”; recommend explicit cross-reference note. |
Category: Miracles, Compassion, and Authority over Creation
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| demon-possessed / demon | δαιμονίζομαι / δαίμων | posedlý démonem / démon | Medium | [NEW] | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Avoid conflation with folk-superstition or horror-genre categories; needs foundational explanation of personal malevolent spiritual beings. |
| temptation / tempt | πειρασμός / πειράζω | pokušení / pokoušet | Medium | [NEW] | (Temptation narrative) | Ordinary secular usage (a “tempting” dessert) is lighter than the genuine moral-spiritual contest in view. |
| forgiveness of sins (healing context) | ἀφίενται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι | odpuštěny jsou tvé hříchy | High | [NEW phrase, reused term] | Deity of Christ; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Implicit claim to divine authority (only God forgives sin); must not be softened into generic therapeutic reassurance. |
| serve / servant | διακονέω / δοῦλος | sloužit / služebník / otrok | Medium | [NEW] | Discipleship; Authority reframed as service | Otrok carries strong negative connotations from ancient and 20th-century totalitarian associations; needs explicit positive theological reframing. |
Category: Covenant, Sacrifice, Atonement
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Czech rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covenant | διαθήκη | smlouva | High | [REUSED] | Salvation (Atonement) | As baseline; compounded at Matt 26:28’s “blood of the covenant” with sacrificial imagery requiring OT background. |
| blood of the covenant | τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης | krev smlouvy | High | [NEW phrase, reused term] | Salvation (Atonement) | Compounds baseline’s contract-only risk with unfamiliar OT sacrificial background. |
| cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας | kámen úhelný | Medium | [NEW] | Jesus as Promised Messiah | Architectural metaphor needs the messianic rejection-then-vindication narrative explained. |
| My God, my God, why have you forsaken me | Ἠλὶ ἠλὶ λεμὰ σαβαχθανί | Bože můj, Bože můj, proč jsi mě opustil? (retain transliterated Elí, Elí, lema sabachthani) | Critical | [NEW, transliteration retained per baseline “Abba” convention] | Salvation (Atonement) | Must not be softened or over-explained; requires careful pastoral-theological framing against misreading as Trinitarian rupture. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- All Matthew citations must follow the established Czech Bible citation convention already set in the baseline: Matouš (book name), Arabic verse numerals (e.g. Matouš 5:3).
- Every Critical-tier new term in this glossary (Syn člověka, království nebeské [elevated from Medium], sobota, peklo, výkupné, konec věku, příchod/parousia, věčný život/věčné odsouzení, klíče království, blahoslavený, rouhání proti Duchu svatému, Trinitarian baptismal formula, Eli lema sabachthani) requires the same mandatory first-use plain-language gloss the baseline already mandates for its own Critical terms, per
12_ai_translation_requirements.md. - Recommend the Phase 1 Step 2 doctrine risk registry for Matthew formally distinguish kingdom of heaven (království nebeské, High, this document) from the baseline’s kingdom of God (království Boží, Medium, Romans) as related-but-terminologically-distinct entries, given Matt 21:43’s deliberate single exception.
- Three terms in this glossary (sobota, výkupné, peklo) are assessed as sharper secular collisions than any single term currently logged in the Romans baseline and should be prioritized for the earliest possible human theologian review pass in Phase 2.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: spasení jako pouze archaický, obsahově prázdný literární výraz
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 1:21 (embedded in Jesus’ own name) is the term’s first Matthean occurrence and requires the baseline’s mandatory narrative gloss (from what, to what, by whom); repeated at 19:25.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Transliteration: anastasis / egeirō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated to Critical (matching the Romans doctrine_risk_registry’s doctrine-level rating) given Matt 28:6-7’s climactic fulfillment of every prior prediction (16:21, 17:23, 20:19, 26:32). Apply the baseline’s Easter/pomlázka folk-custom-detachment caution with full force.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ jako běžné zdvořilostní oslovení
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 7:21-23 (‘Lord, Lord’) and 12:8 (‘Lord of the Sabbath’) compound the baseline’s capitalization-fragility concern, since ‘Pán/pán’ is also the ordinary Czech word for ‘Mister/Sir.‘
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boží
Transliteration: huios Theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Peter’s confession (16:16) and the centurion’s confession (27:54) are the doctrine’s key Matthean anchors, alongside the divine voice at 3:17 and 17:5.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: vtělení
Transliteration: Emmanouēl / ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ / ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from High to Critical for this curriculum since Matt 1:18-23 is the doctrine’s foundational text, paired with the new proper-name transliteration ‘Emanuel’ + gloss ‘Bůh s námi.‘
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesiáš
Transliteration: Christos / Messias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / Μεσσίας
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 1:1, 1:16-17, 11:2-3, 16:16, 22:41-45; requires full OT messianic-expectation background not assumable for a secular reader.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The name’s meaning (‘YHWH saves’) is programmatic for the whole Gospel, named explicitly at 1:21.
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Trinitarian Revelation
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 1:18-20, 3:16, 12:28, 28:19 progressively build the Trinitarian framework across the whole book.
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Trinitarian Revelation
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The Lord’s Prayer address (6:9) is the single most memorized/liturgically repeated text in the Gospel; strict cross-document consistency required.
Ransom
Approved rendering: výkupné
Transliteration: lytron
Doctrine: The Ransom and the Atonement
Rejected alternatives: výkupné bez vysvětlujícího komentáře, ponecháno v rovině zločinu
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
New term. Matt 20:28. Ordinary Czech meaning is a kidnapping/hostage ransom payment (crime-reporting register) — one of the sharpest secular collisions in this Language Package. Mandatory theologian review and explicit narrative gloss (freedom purchased at Christ’s own cost, not paid to a captor) every occurrence.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Syn člověka
Transliteration: huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: The Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: Syn člověka chápaný pouze jako ‘obyčejný člověk’
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New Critical term recurring throughout (8:20, 9:6, 12:8, 16:13,27-28, 24:27,30,37,44, 25:31, 26:64). A secular reader will default to ‘merely a human being’ without the Danielic apocalyptic-authority background (Dan 7:13-14); must never be flattened to a humility-only title.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: Emanuel
Transliteration: Emmanouēl
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
New proper-name transliteration. Matt 1:23, structurally bookending 28:20’s closing promise. Must be paired with the gloss ‘Bůh s námi’ and never softened to a merely symbolic or honorary divine presence.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: sobota
Transliteration: sabbaton
Doctrine: Sabbath and Jesus’ Authority Over It
Original: σάββατον
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 12:1-14. Ordinary Czech ‘sobota’ is simply the weekday name Saturday, with essentially zero residual religious content — a structural gap (Czech’s weekday name derives from this very word) with no lexical escape; the holy-rest-day concept must be built from absolute zero.
Keys Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: klíče království / svazovat a rozvazovat
Transliteration: kleis tēs basileias / deō-lyō
Doctrine: The Church’s Foundation and Delegated Authority
Original: κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν / δέω-λύω
Category: Church
New term. Matt 16:19. Historically central to Roman Catholic papal-authority claims, visually reinforced by widespread Petrine-keys iconography across the Czech landscape. Requires explicit theological framing appropriate to this curriculum’s tradition (delegated authority exercised by the whole believing community). Mandatory theologian review. The Petr/skála wordplay does not carry over phonetically into Czech and must be explained.
End Of Age
Approved rendering: konec věku
Transliteration: synteleia tou aiōnos
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: skonání světa (příliš archaicky apokalyptické), konec světa (příliš kolokviální, katastrofický)
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Judgment
New term. Recurs at 13:39-40,49 and the Great Commission’s close (28:20); must render identically throughout. Zero assumable eschatological background for a secular reader.
Parousia
Approved rendering: příchod / druhý příchod
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Second Coming of the Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: parusie (příliš akademický výraz pro laické publikum)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Judgment
New term. Matt 24:3,27,37,39. No everyday Czech equivalent captures the technical sense of a visible, glorious, world-concluding arrival; must be built entirely from explanatory context.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: peklo
Transliteration: geenna
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: gejenna (transliterace, opaque bez katechetického kontextu)
Original: γέεννα
Category: Judgment
New term. Recurs at 5:22,29-30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15,33. Ordinary Czech ‘peklo’ functions constantly as a casual hyperbolic exclamation for any unpleasant situation; must be actively rescued from this register and re-anchored to real, final divine judgment every occurrence.
Eternal Life Punishment
Approved rendering: věčný život / věčné odsouzení (trest)
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios / kolasis aiōnios
Doctrine: Eternal Destinies: Sheep and Goats
Rejected alternatives: odsouzení chápané jako pouhé zničení/neexistence (per praxi Strážné věže)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος / κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
New term. Matt 25:46. Two, and only two, ultimate destinies; ‘věčný život’ has a minor secular-dilution risk (‘living on in memory’); ‘věčné odsouzení/trest’ requires the same ground-zero conceptual building as ‘peklo.’ Retain full conscious eternal-destiny language; do not adopt soul-annihilation euphemisms.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: rouhání proti Duchu svatému
Transliteration: blasphēmia eis to Pneuma
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: Judgment
New term. Matt 12:31-32. A frequently misunderstood, pastorally anxiety-inducing text; must be defined narrowly (willful, hardened attribution of the Spirit’s work to Satan), not left as a vague threat. Mandatory theologian review.
Great Commission
Approved rendering: jděte… získávejte učedníky ze všech národů
Transliteration: poreuthentes… mathēteusate panta ta ethnē
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: ze všech pohanů (vylučuje Židy, chybný rozsah)
Original: πορευθέντες… μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Mission
New term. Matt 28:19-20. πάντα τὰ ἔθνη must be rendered ‘národy’ (all nations/peoples), never baseline’s ‘pohané.’ Cross-reference 1:23’s Immanuel and 28:20’s closing presence-promise.
Trinitarian Formula
Approved rendering: ve jméno Otce i Syna i Ducha svatého
Transliteration: eis to onoma tou Patros kai tou Huiou kai tou Hagiou Pneumatos
Doctrine: Trinitarian Revelation
Original: εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
New term. Matt 28:19. Reuses all three baseline Critical God-terms simultaneously; the single highest-value location in the curriculum for foundational Trinity teaching since basic Trinitarian categories cannot be assumed. Mandatory theologian review.
Cry Of Dereliction
Approved rendering: Bože můj, Bože můj, proč jsi mě opustil? (Elí, Elí, lema sabachthani)
Transliteration: Ēli ēli lema sabachthani
Doctrine: The Ransom and the Atonement
Original: Ἠλὶ ἠλὶ λεμὰ σαβαχθανί
Category: Christology
New term, transliteration retained per the baseline’s established ‘Abba’ convention. Matt 27:46. The most theologically weighty and pastorally sensitive utterance in the Passion narrative; must not be softened or explained away, but also must not be left without pastoral framing against misreading as Trinitarian rupture.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Matt 4:23, 9:35, 24:14, 26:13 (‘this gospel of the kingdom’). As in Romans, cannot be assumed to carry inherited meaning for a secular reader and must be actively defined at first Matthean use.
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not a frequent explicit noun in Matthew but is the theological name for the Laborers in the Vineyard parable’s logic (20:1-16); must not be softened into merit-based payment when contrasted with ‘odplata/mzda’ (reward/wage).
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu (např. sebedůvěra)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. The centurion (8:10) and Canaanite woman (15:28) build the Great Commission’s Gentile-inclusion theme through commended faith; the object of faith (Jesus specifically) must remain explicit.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: spravedlnost
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation / Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost výhradně v civilním/právním smyslu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew layers a second, ethical sense (5:6, 5:10, 5:20, 6:33) atop the baseline’s forensic sense; track which sense is active per occurrence so neither collapses into the other.
Called
Approved rendering: povolaný
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: povolání ve smyslu civilního zaměstnání
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from the baseline’s Medium to High for this curriculum since Matt 22:14 pairs it directly with election (‘vyvolení’) in a single verse, compounding the secular-vocational collision risk.
Calling
Approved rendering: povolání
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: povolání výhradně ve smyslu civilního zaměstnání či profese
Inherited from Romans package. No standalone Matthean text uses the noun form as prominently as Romans, but the underlying doctrine underlies ‘called’/‘chosen’ language throughout; retain the baseline’s mandatory distinction from the everyday ‘job/profession’ sense.
Law
Approved rendering: zákon
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The Law Fulfilled, Not Abolished
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 5:17-19, 22:36-40; must not collapse into civil law-in-general.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Sin
Rejected alternatives: hřích s oslabeným, žertovným významem (‘to je hřích’)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 9:2-8 stages Jesus’ forgiveness of sin as an implicit divine-authority claim that must not be softened into therapeutic reassurance.
Covenant
Approved rendering: smlouva
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The Ransom and the Atonement
Rejected alternatives: smlouva výhradně jako běžná obchodní/právní smlouva
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 26:28 (‘my blood of the covenant’) compounds the baseline’s contract-only risk with unfamiliar OT sacrificial background; see ‘blood_of_covenant’ below.
Election
Approved rendering: vyvolení
Transliteration: eklogē / eklektos
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: vyvolení v běžném, sekulárním smyslu úspěchu/výběru
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 22:14 and 24:22,31 (‘gather his elect’); must not register as the competitive-selection secular sense (job interview, sports tryout).
Reward Wage
Approved rendering: odplata / mzda
Transliteration: misthos
Doctrine: Grace Versus Merit
Rejected alternatives: mzda jako výchozí/neutrální varianta ve všech kontextech
Original: μισθός
Category: Righteousness
New term. Recurs heavily (5:12, 6:1-6, 20:1-16). ‘Mzda’ (ordinary paid wage) risks smuggling in merit-based theology; prefer ‘odplata’ except where the Laborers in the Vineyard’s deliberate wage-image is specifically in view, each time with a clarifying anti-merit note.
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: získávejte učedníky
Transliteration: mathēteuō
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: vyučujte (příliš pasivní, redukuje na pouhé sdělování informací)
Original: μαθητεύω
Category: Mission
New term. Matt 28:19, the Great Commission’s central verb. Requires an active, ongoing disciple-making verb, not a passive ‘instruct/teach about’ rendering.
Take Up Cross
Approved rendering: vzít svůj kříž
Transliteration: arai ton stauron autou
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἆραι τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ
Category: Discipleship
New term. Matt 16:24, 10:38. The cross (kříž) is visually ubiquitous in the Czech landscape but detached from self-denial; risks a merely decorative/funerary association rather than active daily self-denial.
Yoke
Approved rendering: jho
Transliteration: zygos
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship
New term. Matt 11:29-30. Czech ‘jho’ survives mainly in the oppressive-burden idiom (‘jho otroctví,’ ‘jho komunismu’), risking a direct inversion of Jesus’ ‘easy yoke’ meaning; requires an explicit contrast-note.
Confess Deny
Approved rendering: vyznat / zapřít
Transliteration: homologeō / arneomai
Doctrine: Confession and Denial of Christ
Original: ὁμολογέω / ἀρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
New term. Matt 10:32-33; narratively fulfilled in Peter’s threefold denial (26:69-75). Direct Matthean counterpart of the Romans 10:9 Lordship-confession doctrine and must carry equal theological weight and cross-document consistency.
Fulfill Law
Approved rendering: naplnit
Transliteration: plērōsai
Doctrine: The Law Fulfilled, Not Abolished
Rejected alternatives: naplnit ve smyslu pouhého dodržení/zrušení Zákona
Original: πληρῶσαι
Category: Covenant
New term. Matt 5:17. Jesus’ programmatic claim relating the Sermon on the Mount to the Law; must not be read as simple abolition or bare legal compliance.
Fulfillment Formula
Approved rendering: aby se naplnilo, co bylo řečeno
Transliteration: plērōthē to rhēthen
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθέν
Category: Covenant
New term. Recurs ~12x (1:22, 2:15, 2:23, 4:14, 8:17, 12:17, 13:35, 21:4, 26:56, 27:9). Each occurrence requires enough OT background that a reader with zero prior Hebrew Scripture exposure can follow the promise-fulfillment logic.
Sign Of Jonah
Approved rendering: znamení Jonáše
Transliteration: sēmeion Iōna
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ
Category: Christology
New term. Matt 12:39-40. Requires the Jonah narrative as background; connects Fulfillment of Prophecy directly to the Resurrection doctrine.
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: ohavnost zpustošení / znamení zkázy
Transliteration: bdelygma tēs erēmōseōs
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Judgment
New term. Matt 24:15. An opaque phrase without explanatory apparatus, requiring the fullest possible Danielic/OT background-building of any single phrase in this curriculum.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: Syn Davidův
Transliteration: huios Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
New term. Matt 1:1, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 20:30-31, 21:9, 22:41-45. Requires 2 Samuel 7 Davidic-covenant background; functions as a live messianic acclamation, not merely a genealogical note.
Worship Homage
Approved rendering: klanět se / uctívat
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: vzdávat poctu (zploštěno na pouhou úklonu bez uctívání, per NWT praxi)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
New term tracking an escalating trajectory from ambiguous royal homage (Magi, 2:11) to unambiguous divine worship (14:33, 28:9,17). Never flatten the late-Gospel occurrences to the same homage-register as the Magi’s ambiguous homage — a documented Jehovah’s Witness (Překlad nového světa) rendering pattern to avoid.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: proměnění / proměnil se
Transliteration: metamorphoō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
New term. Matt 17:2. Czech ‘proměna/proměnit se’ is commonly used secularly for an ordinary makeover; risks trivializing a profound unveiling of divine glory. Low pre-existing liturgical familiarity.
I Am Self Disclosure
Approved rendering: Já jsem to
Transliteration: egō eimi
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι
Category: Christology
New term. Matt 14:27, walking on water. Contextually ambiguous between mundane self-identification and an echo of the divine name (Exodus 3:14 LXX); must not be flattened into purely mundane speech without at least a note raising the fuller resonance.
Authority
Approved rendering: moc / pravomoc
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: moc jako jediné a nerozlišené ekvivalent pro exousia i dynamis
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
New term, key to the entire Authority doctrine (7:28-29, 9:6,8, 21:23-27, 28:18). Must be distinguished from baseline’s ‘moc Boží’ (δύναμις); recommend ‘pravomoc’ specifically for ἐξουσία, reserving unqualified ‘moc’ for raw power, with a translator note establishing this distinction at first occurrence.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: království nebeské
Transliteration: basileia tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
New term, Matthew’s dominant idiom (32 occurrences). Elevates the baseline’s Medium-risk ‘kingdom_of_god’ note because ‘království’ is common in Czech children’s stories/fantasy fiction; must be taught as God’s present-and-coming sovereign reign.
Kingdom Near
Approved rendering: království se přiblížilo / je blízko
Transliteration: ēngiken hē basileia tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Inaugurated-but-Unconsummated Arrival
Original: ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 4:17, programmatic summary of Jesus’ preaching. The ‘already/not yet’ nuance needs explicit unpacking; no Czech grammatical marker conveys this tense-nuance automatically.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pokání / obraťte se
Transliteration: metanoeō / metanoia
Doctrine: Repentance and Kingdom Entry
Original: μετανοέω / μετάνοια
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 3:2,8, 4:17. In Czech Catholic-heritage culture, ‘pokání’ is strongly associated with the sacrament of confession/penance, risking a formal-ritual reading rather than personal reorientation available to anyone.
Tell It To Church
Approved rendering: řekni to církvi
Transliteration: eipe tē ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: εἰπὲ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ
Category: Church
New term. Matt 18:15-17, the foundational text for church discipline. Denominational procedures vary widely; a secular reader has zero background assumption to draw on either way.
Blessed Beatitude
Approved rendering: blahoslavený
Transliteration: makarios
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Rejected alternatives: blahoslavený ponechaný bez glosy (riziko čtení jako oficiální katolický kanonizační titul), šťastní (příliš plošné, ztrácí eschatologický rozměr)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
New term inside the core passage (5:3-11). Czech Catholic usage makes ‘blahoslavený/blahoslavená’ the specific technical title for a beatified person, one rank below ‘svatý’ — sharper than the baseline’s ‘svatí’ collision. Mandatory explanatory gloss at first use distinguishing Jesus’ universal pronouncement from the narrow ecclesiastical rank.
Blood Of Covenant
Approved rendering: krev smlouvy
Transliteration: to haima mou tēs diathēkēs
Doctrine: The Ransom and the Atonement
Original: τὸ αἷμα μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
New term. Matt 26:28, the most concentrated sacrificial covenant image in the Gospel. Requires OT sacrificial background; must evoke a costly, blood-sealed relational bond, not an ordinary commercial contract.
Forgiveness Of Sins Healing
Approved rendering: odpuštěny jsou tvé hříchy
Transliteration: aphientai hai hamartiai
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Sin
Rejected alternatives: odpuštění chápané jen jako terapeutické ujištění bez nároku na božskou autoritu
Original: ἀφίενται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι
Category: Salvation
New term. Matt 9:2-8. The scribes’ blasphemy charge makes explicit what is at stake — only God can forgive sin; must be preserved as an implicit Deity-of-Christ claim, not softened into generic reassurance.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Transliteration: hagios / hagiazō
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. The Lord’s Prayer’s ‘hallowed be your name’ (6:9) uses the verbal form; has more residual cultural traction than most terms given Czech name-day calendar customs.
Adoption
Approved rendering: přijetí za syna
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Matt 5:9 (‘will be called sons of God’), connecting the Beatitudes’ peacemaking blessing to declared filial status rather than a private feeling.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: pokoj jako pouhý klid/nepřítomnost hluku
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the compound ‘peacemakers’ (5:9); Czech ‘pokoj’ commonly means simple quiet and must be distinguished from this relational sense.
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People / Church Foundation and Discipline
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 16:18 and 18:15-17 are the doctrine’s foundational Matthean texts; must be kept distinct from both the building ‘kostel’ and any purely touristic/heritage association.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: království Boží
Transliteration: basileia tou Theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Matt 21:43 only — Matthew’s sole non-‘heaven’ usage, an intentional variation that must NOT be flattened by defaulting to ‘království nebeské.‘
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pohané
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew’s Great Commission (28:19) requires the neutral, inclusive ‘národy’ rather than ‘pohané’ — see the separate ‘nations_inclusive’ entry below; ‘pohané’ remains correct only where the ethnic-exclusion sense is actually intended.
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the Transfiguration (17:1-8) and the Son of Man’s eschatological glory (16:27, 24:30, 25:31).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boží
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept fenced apart from ἐξουσία (‘pravomoc,’ authorization to act); see the new ‘authority’ entry below — Jesus’ teaching authority is a delegated right, not raw power/ability.
Mission
Approved rendering: misie
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Mission
Inherited from Romans package. Mild historical/colonial-era or NGO-humanitarian connotation risk applies equally in Matthew; pair with proclamation-focused language.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: potomek Davidův
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Genealogical-descent sense, distinct from the live messianic-title sense tracked separately as ‘son_of_david’ below.
Little Faith
Approved rendering: malověrní / malověrnost
Transliteration: oligopistos / oligopistia
Doctrine: Faith and Little Faith
Rejected alternatives: malověrnost jako naprostá ztráta víry
Original: ὀλιγόπιστος / ὀλιγοπιστία
Category: Faith
New term. Matt 8:26, 14:31, 16:8, 17:20. Describes weak-but-real faith in struggling disciples, not unbelief; must not be read as total spiritual failure.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: odpuštění hříchů
Transliteration: aphesis hamartiōn
Doctrine: The Ransom and the Atonement
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Salvation
New term. Matt 26:28. Ordinary Czech ‘odpuštění’ (everyday interpersonal forgiveness) is a helpful bridge concept but must be tied explicitly to the costly, sacrificial covenant context, not left as generic pardon.
Mercy
Approved rendering: milosrdenství / milosrdný
Transliteration: eleos / eleēmōn
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 5:7, 9:13, 12:7, 23:23. Phonetically/etymologically close to ‘milost’ (grace); requires a translator note at first paired use distinguishing compassion-toward-the-suffering (milosrdenství) from favor-toward-the-guilty (milost).
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: kámen úrazu
Transliteration: skandalon
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: σκάνδαλον
Category: Discipleship
New term. Matt 18:6-9. This idiom survives vigorously in secular Czech news/political commentary as a diluted ‘sticking point’ sense; must be restored to full moral seriousness (causing another’s ruin before God).
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: čistého srdce
Transliteration: katharoi tē kardia
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 5:8. Czech ‘čistý’ carries strong ritual/hygienic connotations; must be distinguished from external ritual purity.
Perfect Complete
Approved rendering: dokonalý / úplný
Transliteration: teleios
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: τέλειος
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 5:48, 19:21. Czech ‘dokonalý’ primarily connotes flawless perfection; requires a gloss distinguishing relational maturity/wholeness from unreachable perfectionism.
Tradition Of Elders
Approved rendering: tradice starších
Transliteration: paradosis tōn presbyterōn
Doctrine: Human Tradition Versus God’s Actual Command
Original: παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 15:1-9. The rabbinic-legal background is unfamiliar to a secular Czech reader and needs brief explanation.
Defile
Approved rendering: znečišťuje / pošpiní
Transliteration: koinoō
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: κοινόω
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 15:11,18-20. Relocates purity from ritual to moral/heart categories; must be distinguished from unfamiliar ritual dietary-purity background.
Pharisees Scribes
Approved rendering: farizeové / zákoníci
Transliteration: Pharisaioi / grammateis
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: Φαρισαῖοι / γραμματεῖς
Category: Righteousness
New term. Recurs throughout, climactically in ch.23. Handle with cultural sensitivity given the Czech lands’ complex Jewish history; avoid caricature or stereotype.
Mysteries Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: tajemství království
Transliteration: mystēria tēs basileias
Doctrine: The Mysteries of the Kingdom
Original: μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 13:11. Ordinary Czech ‘tajemství’ evokes a detective-novel puzzle to be solved by clever people, rather than a previously hidden divine truth graciously disclosed; needs explicit genre correction.
Parable
Approved rendering: podobenství
Transliteration: parabolē
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
New term. The teaching genre itself (concealing from the unreceptive, revealing to the receptive, 13:10-17) is unfamiliar and needs explicit framing.
Baptism
Approved rendering: křtít / křest
Transliteration: baptizō / baptisma
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Mission
New term. Ch.3, 28:19. Czech ‘křest’ is also used secularly for non-religious ‘christening’ (ships, books), risking a purely ceremonial reading detached from repentance and faith.
Fasting
Approved rendering: postit se / půst
Transliteration: nēsteuō / nēsteia
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: νηστεύω / νηστεία
Category: Righteousness
New term. Ch.6. Some residual cultural familiarity via Lent (‘postní doba’) but largely detached from theological content.
Almsgiving
Approved rendering: almužna / dávání chudým
Transliteration: eleēmosynē
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ἐλεημοσύνη
Category: Righteousness
New term. Ch.6. ‘Almužna’ can carry a mildly paternalistic, transactional connotation; ‘dávání chudým’ may communicate the secret-generosity ethic more naturally.
Mammon
Approved rendering: mamon
Transliteration: mamōnas
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 6:24. Low current secular recognition outside faint literary/idiomatic use; needs a brief gloss personifying wealth as a rival master.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: velké soužení
Transliteration: thlipsis megalē
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: θλῖψις μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
New term. Matt 24:21. ‘Soužení’ is recognizable but somewhat literary; needs to be distinguished from ordinary hardship.
Talents
Approved rendering: hřivny
Transliteration: talanta
Doctrine: Stewardship and Accountability Before God
Rejected alternatives: talenty (falešný přítel, zužuje na vrozenou schopnost)
Original: τάλαντα
Category: Judgment
New term. Matt 25:14-30. The false-friend Czech word ‘talent’ (innate ability) risks narrowing the parable’s broader stewardship sense; use the historical monetary term ‘hřivny.‘
Lost Sheep Israel
Approved rendering: ztracené ovce z domu Izraele
Transliteration: probata apolōlota oikou Israēl
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: πρόβατα ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ
Category: Mission
New term. Matt 10:6. Represents a staged mission strategy (Israel-first) later universalized (ch.28); must not be read as a permanent ethnic restriction.
Harvest Laborers
Approved rendering: žeň je hojná, dělníků málo
Transliteration: therismos polys, ergatai oligoi
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: θερισμὸς πολύς, ἐργάται δὲ ὀλίγοι
Category: Mission
New term. Matt 9:37-38. Missionary urgency needs non-confrontational framing given secular Czech sensitivity to perceived religious intrusiveness.
Hosanna Son Of David
Approved rendering: Ozanna Synu Davidovu
Transliteration: Hōsanna tō huiō Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Ὡσαννά τῷ υἱῷ Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
New term. Matt 21:9. Transliterated acclamation with no inherent Czech meaning without a gloss (‘save now/save, please’).
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: ti, kdo působí pokoj / tvůrci pokoje
Transliteration: eirēnopoioi
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Original: εἰρηνοποιοί
Category: Righteousness
New term. Matt 5:9. Builds on the flagged risk that ‘pokoj’ defaults to ‘quiet/absence of disturbance’; a peacemaker in that flattened sense becomes merely a conflict-avoider, the opposite of active reconciling agency.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: chudí v duchu / chudí duchem
Transliteration: ptōchoi tō pneumati
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 5:3. Czech ‘chudý’ primarily denotes economic poverty; without the qualifier a reader may miss the metaphorical sense or read it as low self-esteem rather than humility before God.
Mourn Comfort
Approved rendering: truchlící / potěšeni
Transliteration: penthountes / paraklēthēsontai
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Rejected alternatives: povzbuzeni (nesprávné sloveso, patří k jinému významu parakaleō)
Original: πενθοῦντες / παρακληθήσονται
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 5:4. ‘Truchlící’ anchors to funeral mourning (helpful concrete image); comfort verb ‘potěšeni’ must be kept distinct from baseline’s ‘povzbuzovat’ (exhort/encourage), a different Czech verb for a related but distinct Greek root.
Meek
Approved rendering: tiší
Transliteration: praeis
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Original: πραεῖς
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 5:5. Czech ‘tichý’ primarily connotes quietness/passivity, risking a timidity reading rather than restrained strength (used of Jesus himself, 11:29, 21:5).
Persecuted For Righteousness
Approved rendering: pronásledovaní pro spravedlnost
Transliteration: dediōgmenoi heneken dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Character
Original: δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης
Category: Discipleship
New term. Matt 5:10. Given the Czech Republic’s 20th-century experience of state persecution of churches under Communism, this term carries more potential historical resonance than most in this Language Package, though largely unfamiliar to younger secular readers.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: ďábel / Satan
Transliteration: diabolos / Satanas
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: διάβολος / Σατανᾶς
Category: God
New term. Ch.4, 13:39, 25:41. Czech folk culture’s St. Nicholas Day ‘čert’ figure risks the theological ‘ďábel/Satan’ being absorbed into a harmless folk-costume category rather than recognized as a real malevolent personal being.
Demon Possession
Approved rendering: posedlý démonem / démon
Transliteration: daimonizomai / daimōn
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: δαιμονίζομαι / δαίμων
Category: God
New term. Ch.8-9. Needs foundational explanation of personal malevolent spiritual beings; avoid conflation with folk-superstition or horror-genre categories.
Temptation
Approved rendering: pokušení / pokoušet
Transliteration: peirasmos / peirazō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: God
New term. Ch.4, wilderness temptation. Ordinary secular Czech uses this word lightly (a ‘tempting’ dessert); needs to retain the seriousness of a genuine spiritual contest.
Nations Inclusive
Approved rendering: národy
Transliteration: panta ta ethnē (inclusive sense)
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: pohané (vylučuje Židy)
Original: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη (inclusive sense)
Category: Mission
New term. Matt 28:19. Must use ‘národy,’ never ‘pohané,’ since the Commission’s scope includes Jew and Gentile alike.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: kámen úhelný
Transliteration: kephalē gōnias
Doctrine: The Rejected Stone Becomes the Cornerstone
Original: κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Christology
New term. Matt 21:42. An established but literary/architectural term; needs the messianic rejection-then-vindication narrative explained explicitly.
Serve Servant
Approved rendering: sloužit / služebník / otrok
Transliteration: diakoneō / doulos
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: διακονέω / δοῦλος
Category: Discipleship
New term. Matt 20:26-28. Czech ‘otrok’ carries strong negative connotations from ancient and 20th-century totalitarian associations; the term’s positive theological repurposing (willing self-giving service) needs explicit framing.
Kingdom Already Not Yet
Approved rendering: království nebeské (již je zde, ještě nepřišlo v plnosti)
Transliteration: ēngiken (perfect-tense nuance)
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Inaugurated-but-Unconsummated Arrival
Original: ἤγγικεν (perfect-tense nuance)
Category: Kingdom
New term. Matt 4:17, 12:28, 6:10. Requires explicit teaching distinct from a purely futuristic or purely already-realized reading, since Czech has no idiomatic shortcut for this tense-nuance.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apoštol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. First Matthean occurrence at 10:2, naming the Twelve; link to the ‘twelve tribes’ typology of Israel’s restoration (19:28).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: díkůvzdání
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at the feeding of the 5,000 (14:19).
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: prorok ve smyslu věštce/jasnovidce
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Guard against Czech’s fortune-telling/predictive secular sense of ‘prorokovat.‘
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctví
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: proroctví jako věštba/předpověď budoucnosti
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from astrological or trend-prediction usage.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Standard proper name.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Israēl
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Chs. 2, 10, 23; contemporary Middle East political sensitivity note applies equally in Matthew.
Disciple
Approved rendering: učedník
Transliteration: mathētēs
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
New term, though stable. Czech ‘učedník’ also denotes an ordinary apprentice tradesman — a helpful, not harmful, secular association.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: pokrytec
Transliteration: hypokritēs
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Righteousness
New term, but unusually for this Language Package remains vigorously used, non-archaic everyday Czech; only the connection to the specific religious-performance context needs teaching.
Seventy Times Seven
Approved rendering: sedmdesátkrát sedmkrát
Transliteration: hebdomēkontakis hepta
Doctrine: Limitless Forgiveness Within the Community
Original: ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά
Category: Church
New term. Matt 18:22. Vivid, numerically concrete hyperbole; low lexical risk.
Referenced passages