Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation (Czech Language Package)
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Language Package
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Doctrine tie-in | Key Revelation passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Bůh | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History; Worship of the Lamb | throughout |
| Lord | Pán | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Lordship of Christ | 1:8; 11:15; 19:16; 22:20 |
| Jesus | Ježíš | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | throughout |
| Christ / Messiah | Kristus / Mesiáš | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Messianic Promise | 1:1-5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4, 6 |
| Holy Spirit | Duch svatý | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History; worship | 1:4 (cf. “seven spirits,” new term below); 2:7; 22:17 |
| Father | Otec | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:6; 14:1 |
| Son of God | Syn Boží | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 2:18 |
| holy | svatý | High | Sanctification; Worship of the Lamb | 4:8; 21:2, 10 |
| saints | svatí | High | Vindication of the Saints; Church as Bride | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7, 10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:20, 24; 19:8; 20:9 |
| church | církev | Medium | Church as Bride of Christ | 1:4, 11, 20; 2:1-3:22; 22:16 |
| kingdom of God | království Boží | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | 1:6, 9; 11:15; 12:10 |
| glory | sláva | High | Sovereignty of God over History; New Heaven and New Earth | 1:6; 4:9, 11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 15:8; 19:1, 7; 21:11, 23-26 |
| grace | milost | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil (grace echoed in 21:6 “freely”) | 1:4; 22:21 |
| peace | pokoj | Medium | (greeting formula) | 1:4 |
| faith | víra | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12 |
| gospel | evangelium | High | Judgment/Assurance framing | 14:6 (“everlasting gospel”) |
| prophet | prorok | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 10:7; 11:10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 22:6, 9 |
| prophecy | proroctví | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:3; 19:10; 22:7, 10, 18-19 |
| covenant | smlouva | High | Church as Bride of Christ (implicit); Davidic covenant | (background to 11:19, 21:3) |
| David | David | Low | Davidic fulfillment | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| Israel | Izrael | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| apostle | apoštol | Low | Church as Bride; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 18:20; 21:14 |
| resurrection | vzkříšení | Critical | The Return and Reign of Christ; New Heaven and New Earth | 20:5-6 |
| righteousness | spravedlnost | Critical | Judgment/Vindication | 19:8, 11; 22:11 |
| Amen | Amen | Low | (liturgical) | 1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 |
Section 2 — New Terms Proper to Revelation (Proposed for Czech Language Package)
Christology and Titles of Christ
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb | Beránek | Critical | ἀρνίον / arnion | Christ as sacrificial and victorious ruler | MUST be actively taught against the strong Czech “velikonoční beránek” (Easter lamb pastry) folk-culture association, a collision unique to and unusually strong within this Language Package | 5:6-14; 7:9-17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1-10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7, 9; 21:9, 14, 22-23, 27; 22:1, 3 |
| Word of God (title) | Slovo Boží | Critical | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ / ho Logos tou Theou | Christological divine title (echoes John 1:1, 14) | Must not be flattened to mean “the Bible”; here it is a title for Christ himself | 19:13 |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Král králů a Pán pánů | Critical | Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων | Superlative title of absolute sovereign reign | Built on baseline Critical “Pán”; superlative construction needs an explanatory gloss so it does not read as merely archaic/poetic | 17:14; 19:16 |
| Son of Man | Syn člověka | High | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου / huios anthrōpou | OT-rooted title uniting Christ’s humanity and heavenly authority (Daniel 7) | Distinct from “Syn Boží”; needs its own explanation | 1:13; 14:14 |
| faithful witness / faithful and true witness | věrný svědek / věrný a pravý svědek | High | ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός(καὶ ἀληθινός) | Christ as the model of reliable testimony even unto death | See consolidated “witness” entry below | 1:5; 3:14; 19:11 |
| Alpha and Omega / beginning and end | Alfa i Omega / počátek i konec | High | τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ / ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος | Divine title of absolute sovereignty over history | Requires a gloss explaining these are the first/last Greek alphabet letters | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 |
| Almighty | Všemohoucí | Medium | ὁ Παντοκράτωρ / ho Pantokratōr | God’s absolute sovereign power | Retains some residual cultural traction via the Apostles’ Creed | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15; 21:22 |
| morning star | jitřní hvězda | Medium | ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | Messianic self-designation of Christ | 2:28; 22:16 | |
| Lion of the tribe of Judah / Root of David | Lev z pokolení Judova / Kořen Davidův | High | ὁ λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα / ἡ ῥίζα Δαυίδ | Messianic-Davidic fulfillment titles | Requires baseline messianic-expectation background | 5:5; 22:16 |
Worship and Church as Bride
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| worthy | hoden / důstojný | Medium | ἄξιος / axios | Fitness/deservedness to receive worship or open the scroll | 4:11; 5:2-12 | |
| worship | klanět se | High | προσκυνέω / proskyneō | To bow down in reverent worship | Distinguish from ordinary polite bowing/respect; must be actively taught for a secular readership with no lived worship practice | 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 11:16; 13:4, 8, 12, 15; 14:7, 9, 11; 15:4; 19:4, 10, 20; 20:4; 22:8-9 |
| bride | nevěsta | High | νύμφη / nymphē | The Church as Christ’s covenanted, beloved people | Ordinary wedding word; needs active correction from a private-romantic reading to a corporate-covenantal one | 19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17 |
| marriage supper of the Lamb | svatba Beránkova / svatební večeře Beránkova | High | ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | Consummation of Christ’s union with the Church | Builds on Critical “Beránek” and High “nevěsta” | 19:7, 9 |
| great harlot / prostitute | veliká nevěstka | High | ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη | Idolatrous unfaithfulness, structural opposite of the Bride | Handle with doctrinal precision; structural contrast to “nevěsta” should be taught explicitly | 17:1, 5, 15-16; 19:2 |
| new song | nová píseň | Low-Medium | ᾆσμα καινόν | Worship appropriate to God’s decisively new redemptive act | 5:9; 14:3 | |
| Hallelujah | Haleluja | Low | Ἁλληλουϊά | Worship exclamation | 19:1, 3-4, 6 | |
| his servants will worship [serve] him | jeho služebníci mu budou sloužit | Medium-High | λατρεύω / latreuō | Priestly, cultic service/worship as the believer’s eternal purpose | 22:3 | |
| kingdom and priests | království a kněží | High | βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς | Universal priesthood of all believers | ”Kněz” carries Czech Hussite/anti-clerical historical loading; needs explicit teaching that this is NOT a clerical class | 1:6; 5:10; 20:6 |
Symbolic and Apocalyptic Figures
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| revelation/apocalypse | zjevení | High | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | An unveiling/disclosure of hidden truth | Correct against secular Czech “apokalypsa” = disaster-movie catastrophe | 1:1 (title) |
| dragon | drak | High | ὁ δράκων / ho drakōn | Symbolic figure for Satan | Correct against Czech fairy-tale/fantasy dragon associations | 12:3-17; 13:2, 4, 11; 16:13; 20:2 |
| beast | šelma | High | τὸ θηρίον / to thērion | Symbolic figure for organized anti-God political/spiritual power | Must be taught as symbolic, per Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation doctrine | 11:7; 13:1-18; 14:9-11; 15:2; 16:2, 10, 13; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:10 |
| image of the beast | obraz šelmy | High | ἡ εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου | Idol-image demanding worship (echoes imperial cult) | Requires ancient imperial-cult background | 13:14-15; 14:9, 11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 |
| mark of the beast | znamení šelmy | Critical | τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου | Mark of exclusive economic/religious allegiance to the beast | RARE case of an OVER-loaded term: contemporary conspiracy-theory pop culture (QR codes, digital ID, vaccine conspiracies) actively distorts this term even for secular readers; must be firmly redirected to the text’s real concern (total allegiance), not tech speculation | 13:16-17; 14:9, 11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 |
| number of the beast / 666 | číslo šelmy / 666 | High | ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου / χξϛ | Numerical cipher signifying imperfection/incompleteness | Heavily loaded with horror-film associations; needs gematria/symbolic-number framing | 13:18 |
| false prophet | falešný prorok | Medium | ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης | Counterfeit spiritual authority serving the beast | Reuse baseline “prorok” negated | 16:13; 19:20; 20:10 |
| Babylon the great | Babylon veliký | High | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Symbolic figure for corrupt worldly power/empire opposed to God | Must be taught as symbolic (not exclusively the ancient city) | 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2, 10, 21 |
| 144,000 | sto čtyřicet čtyři tisíce | High | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | Symbolic total/completeness of God’s sealed people | Greatest risk: over-literalizing into a literal headcount | 7:4; 14:1, 3 |
| Armageddon | Armagedon | High | Ἁρμαγεδών / Harmagedōn | Symbolic site of final gathering/defeat of God-opposing forces | Correct against pop-culture “mutual annihilation” reading toward the text’s actual point: God’s decisive victory | 16:16 |
| Gog and Magog | Góg a Magóg | Medium | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Symbolic representation of all nations in final rebellion | Requires Ezekiel 38-39 background | 20:8 |
| mystery of God | tajemství Boží | Medium-High | τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ | God’s previously hidden plan now fulfilled | Correct against pop-mystery/detective-genre associations | 10:7; 17:5, 7 |
| seven spirits [of God] | sedm Duchů Božích | Critical | τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | Symbolic fullness of the one Holy Spirit | Must not be read as suggesting multiple spirit-beings, which would corrupt Trinitarian doctrine (reuse baseline “Duch svatý”) | 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6 |
Judgment, Death, and the Afterlife
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| second death | druhá smrt | Critical | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | Final, eternal separation from God, distinct from ordinary death | No equivalent in ordinary Czech; must be built up as wholly new content tied to “first resurrection” | 2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8 |
| first resurrection | první vzkříšení | Critical | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | Resurrection of believers, contrasted with the “second” resurrection for judgment | Builds on baseline Critical “vzkříšení”; must not be confused with reincarnation-cycle risk | 20:5-6 |
| lake of fire | ohnivé jezero | High | ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | Final place of judgment | Correct against trivializing horror-genre imagery | 19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8 |
| great white throne | veliký bílý trůn | High | ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός | Final, ultimate judgment scene | 20:11-15 | |
| book of life | kniha života | Medium | τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | Heavenly register of those belonging to God | Ties Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27 |
| avenge / vindicate | pomstít / vykonat spravedlnost | High | ἐκδικέω / ekdikeō | God’s righteous judicial vindication, not personal revenge | Everyday “pomstít se” risks reducing this to petty grudge-settling | 6:10; 19:2 |
| wrath [of God/the Lamb] | hněv [Boží/Beránkův] | High | ἡ ὀργή / hē orgē | God’s/Christ’s settled, righteous judicial anger | Distinguish from ordinary human temper/anger | 6:16-17; 14:10, 19; 15:1, 7; 16:1, 19; 19:15 |
| Hades | Hádes (vs. peklo) | High | ᾅδης / hadēs | The realm/intermediate state of the dead, distinct from the final lake of fire | Correct against cartoonish Czech folk-culture “peklo” imagery | 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14 |
| accuser | žalobce | Medium-High | ὁ κατήγορος | Satan’s legal accusation against believers before God | Rare case where the everyday legal sense reinforces rather than undermines the doctrine | 12:10 |
| curse (final removal of) | kletba / zlořečení | High | κατάρα / katara | Reversal of the Genesis 3 curse | ”Kletba” risks a fairy-tale/fantasy reading (witch’s curse); “zlořečení” is a less folklore-loaded alternative | 22:3 |
| judge / judgment | soud / soudit | High | κρίσις, κρίνω | God’s forensic, final judgment of all humanity | Ordinary Czech legal/courtroom collision (same pattern as baseline “law”/“justification”) | throughout, esp. 14:7; 18:8, 10, 20; 19:2, 11; 20:12-13 |
Nature, Symbols, and Setting
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| throne | trůn | Medium | ὁ θρόνος / ho thronos | Seat of God’s/Christ’s sovereign rule | Guard against fairy-tale-kingdom association (reuse baseline “království Boží” caution) | throughout, esp. 4:2-11; 20:11; 21:3, 5; 22:1, 3 |
| living creatures | živé bytosti | Medium | τὰ ζῷα / ta zōa | The four beings surrounding God’s throne | ”Bytosti” (beings), not “zvířata” (animals) | 4:6-9; 5:6-14; 6:1-8; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4 |
| tree of life | strom života | Medium | τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | Edenic tree restored in the New Jerusalem | Needs Genesis grounding to avoid generic mythological reading | 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19 |
| river of life | řeka vody života | Medium | ὁ ποταμὸς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς | Unending God-given life flowing from his throne | 22:1-2 | |
| new Jerusalem | Nový Jeruzalém | High | Ἱερουσαλὴμ καινή | The consummated, perfected people/dwelling of God | Disambiguate from the contemporary Middle Eastern city (reuse baseline “Izrael” sensitivity) | 3:12; 21:2, 10 |
| dwelling place / tabernacle | stánek | Critical | σκηνή, σκηνώσει / skēnē, skēnōsei | God’s permanent, personal presence among his people (echoes John 1:14) | SEVERE collision: ordinary Czech “stánek” means a market/food stall or newsstand; requires explicit correction every occurrence | 21:3; 15:5 (“stan svědectví”) |
| temple | chrám | Medium-High | ὁ ναός / ho naos | The sanctuary of God’s presence | Reuses baseline “church” caution about architectural/touristic association | 3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2, 19; 14:15, 17; 15:5-8; 16:1, 17; 21:22 |
| new (qualitative) | nový | Medium | καινός / kainos | Qualitatively, not merely temporally, new | Czech does not distinguish kainos/neos; gloss needed | 2:17; 3:12; 5:9; 14:3; 21:1, 5 |
| abyss / bottomless pit | propast | Medium | ἡ ἄβυσσος / hē abyssos | Confined prison-realm of demonic powers under God’s control | Ordinary word for a geological/figurative chasm; needs supernatural framing | 9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1, 3 |
| wormwood | Pelyněk | Medium-High | Ἄψινθος / Apsinthos | Bitter judgment poisoning the waters | Distinctive Czech absinthe-culture association risks an exotic/intoxicating rather than bitter-judgment reading | 8:11 |
| locusts | kobylky | Medium | ἀκρίδες / akrides | Grotesque demonic torment, limited and bounded by God | Ordinary insect word; the text’s monstrous description must be retained | 9:3-11 |
| sea (symbolic absence of) | moře | Medium | θάλασσα / thalassa | Symbol of chaos/threat, its removal signals cosmic peace | Guard against a flat geography-claim reading | 21:1 |
Persecution, Perseverance, and Witness
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| witness (person) / testimony (content) | svědek / svědectví | Critical | ὁ μάρτυς / ἡ μαρτυρία | Reliable testimony sustained even to death | Czech splits martys into unrelated words “svědek” (courtroom witness) and “mučedník” (martyr); default to “svědek/svědectví” paired with an explicit cost-bearing teaching note | 1:2, 5, 9; 2:13; 3:14; 6:9; 11:3, 7; 12:11, 17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4; 22:16, 18, 20 |
| overcome / conquer | přemoci / zvítězit | High | ὁ νικῶν / ho nikōn | Spirit-enabled endurance in faith through persecution to the end | Ordinary sports-victory word; correct against achievement/competition reading | 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 5:5; 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7 |
| great tribulation | velké soužení | High | θλῖψις μεγάλη / thlipsis megalē | The specific eschatological period of intense persecution/distress | ”Soužení” alone could be read as generic hardship; needs the specific eschatological framing | 1:9; 2:9-10, 22; 3:10; 7:14 |
| endurance / patience | vytrvalost | Medium | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | Steadfast perseverance under trial | 1:9; 2:2-3, 19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 | |
| repent | činit pokání | High | μετανοέω / metanoeō | Inner transformation of mind and life toward God | ”Pokání” carries Catholic ritual-confession connotation in Czech; must be taught as inward transformation, not merely a ritual act | 2:5, 16, 21-22; 3:3, 19; 9:20-21; 16:9, 11 |
| lukewarm | vlažný | Medium-High | χλιαρός / chliaros | Spiritually indifferent, half-hearted commitment | Of unusual pastoral force for a low-engagement secular readership | 3:16 |
| faithful and true | věrný a pravdivý / pravý | Medium-High | πιστός καὶ ἀληθινός | God’s/Christ’s utterly reliable, trustworthy character and words | Connect explicitly to baseline “víra” root | 19:11; 21:5; 22:6 |
Sensitive / Special-Handling Terms
| English term | Czech rendering | Risk | Original / translit. | Definition | Translation notes | Key passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synagogue of Satan | synagoga satanova | Critical | συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ | Polemical designation for a specific local hostile group, NOT Jewish people/Judaism generally | Mandatory contextual note required every occurrence, given the sensitive history of Jewish communities in the Czech lands | 2:9; 3:9 |
| sorcerers | kouzelníci / čarodějové | Medium-High | φαρμακοί / pharmakoi | Illegitimate occult/magical practitioners | ”Čaroděj” carries fairy-tale/fantasy connotation, risking trivialization | 21:8; 22:15 |
| idolaters | modláři | High | εἰδωλολάτραι / eidōlolatrai | Those who worship images/false gods instead of God | Culturally remote category for secular readers; needs “misplaced ultimate loyalty” framing | 21:8; 22:15 |
| the sexually immoral (also metaphor for covenant unfaithfulness) | smilníci / smilstvo | Medium-High | πόρνοι, πορνεία / pornoi, porneia | Sexual immorality; metaphorically, idolatrous covenant unfaithfulness | Requires both literal and (ch. 17-18) metaphorical senses to be taught | 2:14, 20-21; 9:21; 14:8; 17:2, 4; 18:3, 9; 21:8; 22:15 |
| servant / slave | služebník / otrok | Medium-High | δοῦλος / doulos | Total, willing devotion to Christ as Lord | Choice between softer “služebník” and harsher, more literal “otrok” (with historical serfdom connotation) needs consistent, deliberate resolution | 1:1; 2:20; 6:15; 7:3; 10:7; 11:18; 19:2, 5, 18; 22:3, 6 |
Section 3 — Reused Baseline Doctrinal Distinctions Extended into Revelation
| Baseline doctrine | Baseline Czech term | Extension in Revelation |
|---|---|---|
| Sonship of Christ (Critical) | Syn Boží | Must be sharply distinguished from believers’ adoptive “syn” sonship at 21:7 |
| Lordship of Christ (Critical) | Pán | Intensified in 17:14, 19:16 (“Pán pánů”) and 22:20 (“Přijď, Pane Ježíši”) |
| Resurrection of Christ (Critical) | vzkříšení | Extended into “first resurrection” (20:5-6) staging |
| Salvation (Critical) | spasení | Underlies the whole book’s climactic hope; reinforce narrative “from what/to what/by whom” framing at 21:1-8 |
| Grace (High) | milost | Conceptually echoed (not lexically) in 21:6’s “zadarmo” (freely) — must be cross-referenced explicitly |
| Holy / Saints (High) | svatý / svatí | Extended corporate worship emphasis throughout throne-room scenes (ch. 4-5, 7, 19) |
| Israel (Medium) | Izrael | Extended sensitivity note applies directly to “New Jerusalem” (21:2, 10) and “twelve tribes” (7:4; 21:12) |
Coverage Confirmation
This glossary consolidates load-bearing terms from every chapter of Revelation (1–22), cross-referenced against 07_semantic_analysis.md. All terms already established in the baseline Romans Language Package are reused with identical Czech renderings and risk tiers; no baseline rendering has been altered or contradicted.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. In Revelation, God’s sovereignty over all of history and his final victory over evil depend on this term retaining full personal, triune weight throughout.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ jako běžné oslovení ‘pane’
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Intensified in Revelation at 17:14/19:16 (‘Pán pánů’) and 22:20’s closing prayer ‘Přijď, Pane Ježíši’; capitalization alone remains an insufficient signal and must be actively taught every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged.
Christ Messiah
Approved rendering: Kristus / Mesiáš
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 11:15, 12:10, 20:4-6 apply this title to Christ’s consummated reign, requiring the same foundational Old Testament messianic-expectation background flagged Critical in baseline.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation’s plural phrase ‘seven Spirits’ (see seven_spirits entry) is a distinct symbolic term and must never be read as multiple Holy Spirits.
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boží
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Extended in Revelation)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 2:18 applies this directly to Christ; must be sharply distinguished from the generic ‘syn’ applied to believers at 21:7, which is adoptive, not ontological.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: spasení jako pouhý archaický literární výraz bez obsahu
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the whole book’s climactic hope; reinforce the baseline’s mandatory narrative ‘from what/to what/by whom’ framing especially at 21:1-8.
Justification
Approved rendering: ospravedlnění
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: ospravedlnění pouze ve smyslu ‘omluvení’ jednání
Inherited from Romans package for cross-document consistency. The forensic concept underlies Revelation’s Vindication of the Saints doctrine even though the exact word is not itself repeated frequently in the Revelation text.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: spravedlnost
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost výhradně v civilním/právním smyslu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears at 19:8 (interpreted by the text itself as ‘the righteous deeds of the saints’) and 19:11; 22:11.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and the Saints
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Revelation into ‘první vzkříšení’ (20:5-6); must never be confused with reincarnation or a repeating cycle.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Beránek
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: Jehněček / Ovečka (too diminutive/childlike, weakens the sacrificial-and-royal force)
Original: τὸ ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: collides with ‘velikonoční beránek’, a beloved traditional Czech Easter pastry eaten even in fully secular households — a warm, food-and-family association entirely unrelated to sacrificial atonement or Christ’s lordship. The single highest-priority correction in the entire curriculum; requires the most deliberate, repeated conceptual teaching of any term in this glossary at every one of its 28 occurrences (5:6-14; 7:9-17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1-10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3).
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: Slovo Boží
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Extended in Revelation)
Rejected alternatives: Slovo Boží jako pouhé synonymum pro Bibli/text Písma
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Must not be flattened to mean ‘the Bible’, a very common secular Czech association; here (19:13) it is a direct Christological title identifying Christ himself as God’s self-expression, echoing John 1:1,14.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Král králů a Pán pánů
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
Built directly on baseline Critical ‘Pán’. The superlative construction risks sounding merely archaic/poetic rather than doctrinally absolute; requires an explanatory gloss on first use (17:14; 19:16).
Throne Of God And Lamb
Approved rendering: trůn Boží a Beránkův
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Extended in Revelation)
Original: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology
A single throne shared by the Father and the Lamb — a strong statement of Christ’s co-equal deity that must not be softened into subordinate or honorary status (22:1,3).
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: znamení šelmy
Doctrine: Total Allegiance vs. the Mark of the Beast
Original: τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
CRITICAL and unusual: this term suffers from an OVER-loaded rather than absent framework. Contemporary conspiracy-theory pop culture (QR codes, digital IDs, vaccine narratives) pre-loads this phrase; teaching material must firmly redirect toward the text’s real concern: exclusive economic and religious allegiance (7:2-8; 13:15-18; 14:9-11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4).
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: sedm Duchů Božích
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: sedm samostatných duchovních bytostí
Original: τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Likely symbolic reference to the fullness/perfection of the one Holy Spirit (cf. Isaiah 11:2), not seven separate spirit-beings. Plural ‘spirits’ risks corrupting Trinitarian doctrine if not actively corrected every occurrence (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6). Must also not be read to reinforce Jehovah’s Witnesses’ denial of the Spirit’s personhood.
Second Death
Approved rendering: druhá smrt
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: druhá smrt jako pouhá metafora bez trvalého obsahu
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
CRITICAL: zero equivalent in ordinary Czech usage and, unlike ‘spasení’, not even a recognizable archaic Bible-tradition phrase; must be built up as wholly new content, tied explicitly to ‘první vzkříšení’ (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8). Teaching notes must affirm ongoing, conscious, final separation from God and must not drift toward an annihilationist reading.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: první vzkříšení
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and the Saints
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
Extends baseline Critical ‘vzkříšení’; must not be confused with the reincarnation-cycle risk already flagged in baseline (20:5-6).
Dwelling Place Tabernacle
Approved rendering: stánek
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: příbytek (reduces the deliberate OT tabernacle echo)
Original: σκηνή / σκηνώσει
Category: God
CRITICAL: in everyday modern Czech, ‘stánek’ overwhelmingly means a market/street vendor’s stall or newsstand kiosk. A severe, concrete collision at the exact center of the core passage (21:3); requires an explicit translator’s note tying ‘stánek’ back to the OT tabernacle and John 1:14’s incarnation language at EVERY occurrence, or the Immanuel theology of the verse collapses into an image of God running a market stall.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: svědek / svědectví
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: mučedník jako výchozí, samostatný ekvivalent (ztrácí právní/svědecký smysl)
Original: ὁ μάρτυς / ἡ μαρτυρία
Category: Persecution
CRITICAL: Czech splits the single Greek martys word-family into two unrelated words — everyday ‘svědek’ (courtroom witness) and specialized ‘mučedník’ (martyr), sharing no root. Default to ‘svědek/svědectví’ per Kralice/ČEP tradition, PAIRED with an explicit teaching note unpacking the cost-bearing, life-risking nature of this testimony at every occurrence (1:2,5,9; 2:13; 3:14; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4; 22:16,18,20).
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: synagoga satanova
Doctrine: Historical Polemic vs. Contemporary Jewish People
Rejected alternatives: jakákoliv formulace, která by mohla být čtena jako obecné tvrzení o židovském lidu
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Sensitive Terms
CRITICAL, pastoral and ethical, not merely lexical: a historically local first-century polemic against a specific hostile group in Smyrna/Philadelphia, NOT a statement about Jewish people or Judaism as such. Given the Czech lands’ Jewish history, requires a mandatory contextual note at every occurrence (2:9; 3:9).
Firstborn From The Dead
Approved rendering: prvorozený z mrtvých
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and the Saints
Original: ὁ πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology
Ties directly to baseline’s Critical resurrection-of-Christ doctrine (1:5).
Kingdom Of Our Lord And His Christ
Approved rendering: království našeho Pána a jeho Krista
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
Reuses baseline ‘Pán’, ‘Kristus’, ‘království Boží’ exactly; a high concentration of Critical baseline terms in one phrase (11:15).
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: Přijď, Pane Ježíši
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Christology
Direct reuse of baseline’s Critical ‘Pán’ and ‘Ježíš’ entries, now in a posture of longing prayer; must remain verbatim consistent across all teaching documents per baseline consistency rules (22:20).
Generic Son
Approved rendering: syn
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Rejected alternatives: syn s velkým počátečním písmenem (riskuje záměnu s ‘Syn Boží’)
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: the believer’s adoptive sonship at 21:7, granted to the one who conquers, uses the same underlying Greek word as Christ’s unique title ‘Syn Boží’. Any blurring constitutes a doctrinal error; render as lower-case generic ‘syn’, sharply distinguished from ‘Syn Boží’ every time this verse is taught.
High Risk Terms
144000
Approved rendering: sto čtyřicet čtyři tisíce
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: úplný počet Božího lidu (a paraphrase that pre-empts the text’s own numerical symbolism)
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
The single greatest risk is over-literalizing into a headcount, a real modern-day sectarian error (a documented Jehovah’s Witnesses teaching); teaching material must explicitly frame this as symbolic completeness (7:4; 14:1,3).
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Doctrine: Sanctification and Corporate Holiness in Worship
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Intensified in Revelation’s triple repetition ‘Svatý, svatý, svatý’ (4:8) and applied to the New Jerusalem as ‘svaté město’ (21:2,10).
Saints
Approved rendering: svatí
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: svatí výhradně jako historické kanonizované osobnosti
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs heavily in Revelation’s throne-room and martyrdom scenes (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:20,24; 19:8; 20:9).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: posvěcení
Doctrine: Sanctification and Corporate Holiness in Worship
Rejected alternatives: posvěcení výhradně jako rituální akt (např. posvěcení stavby)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the universal-priesthood doctrine of ‘království a kněží’ (1:6; 5:10; 20:6).
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to throne-room worship (4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 15:8; 19:1,7) and New Jerusalem’s radiance (21:11,23-26).
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Doctrine: Grace Echoed at the Consummation
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the epistolary greeting (1:4) and closing (22:21); its content is echoed conceptually, not lexically, at 21:6’s ‘zadarmo’ — this connection must be made explicit in teaching material.
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation tied specifically to endurance under persecution (2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12); the object of faith must remain explicit.
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelium
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Qualified as ‘věčné evangelium’ at 14:6; must be actively defined, not merely translated.
Calling
Approved rendering: povolání
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: povolání ve smyslu civilního zaměstnání
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the sealed/called identity of God’s people contrasted with the mark of the beast (ch. 7, 13).
Election
Approved rendering: vyvolení
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: vyvolení v soutěživém, sekulárním smyslu
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the sealing/144,000 imagery of God’s sovereign choice of his complete people.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: vtělení
Doctrine: God’s Unmediated Presence (No More Temple)
Inherited from Romans package. Directly underlies the theological content of ‘stánek’/skēnē at 21:3, which echoes John 1:14’s ‘the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us’ — this cross-reference is mandatory teaching content.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: hřích s oslabeným, žertovným významem
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies every call to repentance in the letters to the seven churches (ch. 2-3) and the refusal-to-repent scenes (9:20-21; 16:9,11).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctví
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: proroctví jako věštba
Original: προφητεία
Category: Prophecy and Scripture
Inherited from Romans package, risk tier raised to High for this curriculum given the book’s self-referential warning against alteration (1:3; 22:7,10,18-19).
Covenant
Approved rendering: smlouva
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Rejected alternatives: smlouva výhradně jako obchodní/právní smlouva
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the Davidic-covenant background of ‘Root of David’ and ‘key of David’ titles (3:7; 5:5; 22:16), and the marriage-covenant imagery of the Bride.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: poslušnost víry
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the repeated call to ‘keep the commandments of God and hold to the testimony of Jesus’ (12:17; 14:12).
Law
Approved rendering: zákon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Inherited from Romans package. Light use, underlying the moral seriousness of the final judgment scenes.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Syn člověka
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Extended in Revelation)
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
OT-rooted title (Daniel 7) uniting Christ’s humanity and heavenly authority; must not be confused with ‘Syn Boží’ (1:13; 14:14).
Faithful Witness Title
Approved rendering: věrný svědek / věrný a pravý svědek
Doctrine: Witness and Testimony as Ongoing Church Practice
Original: ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός (καὶ ἀληθινός)
Category: Christology
Christ’s title as the model of reliable testimony sustained even to death (1:5; 3:14; 19:11); see witness_testimony entry for the full cross-book lexical-gap treatment.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alfa i Omega / počátek i konec
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ / ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος
Category: God
Divine title of absolute sovereignty over history (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Requires a gloss explaining these are the first/last Greek alphabet letters, since no mainstream Czech translation supplies this scaffolding inline.
Lion Of Judah Root Of David
Approved rendering: Lev z pokolení Judova / Kořen Davidův
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: ὁ λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα / ἡ ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
Requires the same foundational Old Testament messianic-expectation background flagged Critical in baseline ‘messiah’ entry (5:5; 22:16).
Worship Verb
Approved rendering: klanět se
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: klanět se jako pouhá zdvořilá úklona
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
Must be distinguished from ordinary polite bowing/respect; must be actively taught for a readership with little to no lived worship practice. Occurs both of true worship of God/the Lamb and counterfeit worship of the beast.
Bride
Approved rendering: nevěsta
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
An ordinary, everyday Czech wedding word carrying no automatic theological content; must be actively taught as corporate identity, not private romance (19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17).
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: svatba Beránkova / svatební večeře Beránkova
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
Builds on Critical ‘Beránek’ and High ‘nevěsta’; the climactic consummation of the Church as Bride doctrine (19:7,9).
Great Harlot
Approved rendering: veliká nevěstka
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: zjemněný, méně přímý výraz pro ‘nevěstku’
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
The structural opposite of the Bride; its contrast with ‘nevěsta’ should be made explicit in teaching material (17:1,5,15-16; 19:2). Do not soften the term itself.
Servants Worship Serve
Approved rendering: sloužit (jeho služebníci mu budou sloužit)
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Cultic, priestly service/worship, distinct from mere obedience — the believer’s eternal purpose (22:3).
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: království a kněží
Doctrine: Sanctification and Corporate Holiness in Worship
Rejected alternatives: kněží pouze ve smyslu katolického duchovenstva
Original: βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
‘Kněz’ carries a distinct Czech-specific loading given the historic Hussite/Bohemian Brethren reform tradition and strong anti-clerical current in modern secular Czech culture; risks a narrow ‘Catholic clergyman’ reading rather than the priesthood of ALL believers (1:6; 5:10; 20:6). Can resonate powerfully with Czech Reformation memory if taught explicitly.
Revelation Apocalypse
Approved rendering: zjevení
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: apokalypsa jako katastrofický konec světa
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Prophecy and Scripture
Everyday secular Czech uses ‘apokalypsa’ almost exclusively for a catastrophic, disaster-movie ending; readers must be actively taught that ‘zjevení’ means an unveiling/disclosure of truth (1:1, book title).
Dragon
Approved rendering: drak
Doctrine: Angelic Ministry and Spiritual Warfare
Original: ὁ δράκων
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Czech fairy-tale/fantasy literature gives ‘drak’ a whimsical, non-threatening, even heroic loading; readers must be actively redirected to a serious cosmic-spiritual adversary explicitly identified as Satan (12:9).
Beast
Approved rendering: šelma
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: τὸ θηρίον
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Established Kralice-tradition term; requires the reader to grasp this as symbolic organized anti-God power, not a literal monster (11:7; 13:1-18; 14:9-11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:10).
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: obraz šelmy
Doctrine: Idolatry and Misplaced Worship
Original: ἡ εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Requires the ancient imperial-cult background (emperor-worship, image-veneration) to be supplied, since it has no living analogue in secular Czech experience (13:14-15; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4).
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: číslo šelmy / 666
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου / χξϛ
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Heavily loaded with horror-film associations in secular Czech culture; must be taught with explicit gematria/incompleteness-relative-to-seven framing, not left as an occult curiosity (13:18).
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: Babylon veliký
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: zkažené velmoci (paraphrase that erases the deliberate proper-name echo)
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Requires the reader to grasp Babylon as a symbolic designation for corrupt worldly power, not exclusively the ancient historical city (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21).
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Armagedon
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Heavily loaded in secular Czech pop culture (disaster films, video games, colloquial ‘to je Armagedon’) with an association of chaotic mutual destruction; must be actively corrected toward God’s certain, one-sided victory, not merely apocalyptic dread. Must also not echo Jehovah’s Witnesses’ historic date-setting associations (16:16).
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: tajemství Boží
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Prophecy and Scripture
Everyday Czech ‘tajemství’ is strongly associated with detective/crime fiction; must be taught as a formerly HIDDEN truth now REVEALED, not an unsolved puzzle (10:7; 17:5,7).
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: ohnivé jezero
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
Czech secular pop culture (horror films, video games) has its own vivid but trivializing ‘lake of fire’ imagery; must be anchored to the specific judicial-eschatological claim of the text (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8).
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: veliký bílý trůn
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός
Category: Judgment
Climactic culmination of Judgment/Vindication doctrine; must be reinforced as the specific, singular, final judgment scene (20:11-15), not a generic Judgment-Day cliché.
Avenge Vindicate
Approved rendering: pomstít / vykonat spravedlnost
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: pomstít se jako osobní odplata (preferováno jen jako doplňkový glos, nikdy samostatně)
Original: ἐκδικέω
Category: Judgment
‘Pomstít se’ is the everyday word for personal revenge; risks reducing God’s righteous judicial vindication to petty grudge-settling. Prefer ‘vykonat spravedlnost’ as primary rendering (6:10; 19:2).
Wrath Of God Lamb
Approved rendering: hněv [Boží/Beránkův]
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ ὀργή
Category: Judgment
‘Hněv’ is the ordinary word for anger/temper, including a child’s tantrum; must be actively distinguished as righteous, judicial anger, always paired with ‘spravedlivý/soudní’ (6:16-17; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15).
Hades
Approved rendering: Hádes
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: peklo (folklórní, karikaturní obraz čertů a rohů)
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Judgment
Czech folk culture’s ‘peklo’ is cartoonish; retain the transliteration ‘Hádes’ and distinguish explicitly from both ‘peklo’ folklore and the final ‘ohnivé jezero’ (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14).
Curse Removal
Approved rendering: kletba / zlořečení
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
‘Kletba’ carries a fairy-tale witch-curse association; ‘zlořečení’ is a less folklore-loaded Bible-tradition alternative and should be considered alongside it (22:3).
Judge Judgment
Approved rendering: soud / soudit
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: κρίσις / κρίνω
Category: Judgment
Ordinary Czech legal/courtroom collision, same pattern as baseline ‘zákon’/‘ospravedlnění’; qualify consistently with ‘poslední/konečný’ (throughout, esp. 14:7; 18:8,10,20; 19:2,11; 20:12-13).
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Nový Jeruzalém
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nebeské město (paraphrase that loses the deliberate covenant-continuity link to historical Jerusalem)
Original: Ἱερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Church
Readers may default to the contemporary Middle Eastern city/state rather than the symbolic eschatological referent; requires explicit disambiguation, extending baseline’s ‘Izrael’ sensitivity note (3:12; 21:2,10).
Temple
Approved rendering: chrám
Doctrine: God’s Unmediated Presence (No More Temple)
Original: ὁ ναός
Category: Church
Reuses baseline ‘church’ caution: many secular Czech readers’ primary association with ‘chrám/kostel’ vocabulary is architectural/touristic (heritage-site sightseeing), not living presence or worship (3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5-8; 16:1,17; 21:22).
Wormwood
Approved rendering: Pelyněk
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἄψινθος
Category: Judgment
Distinctively Czech collision: closely associated with absinthe (‘zelená víla’, historically linked to Bohemia), risking an exotic/intoxicating association rather than the text’s bitter-judgment sense (8:11).
Overcome Conquer
Approved rendering: přemáhat / zvítězit
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Persecution
‘Zvítězit’ is the everyday sports/competition-victory word; without correction risks an achievement-based reading over Spirit-enabled endurance in faith through suffering. Pair with ‘vírou, ne výkonem’ (by faith, not achievement).
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: velké soužení
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις μεγάλη
Category: Persecution
‘Soužení’ alone reads as generic hardship; needs the specific eschatological framing distinguishing it from ordinary difficulty (1:9; 2:9-10,22; 3:10; 7:14).
Repent
Approved rendering: činit pokání
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: pokání jako pouhý rituální akt zpovědi
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Persecution
‘Pokání’ carries a Catholic ritual-confession connotation in Czech religious-cultural memory; must be taught as inward transformation of mind and life, not merely a ritual act (2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19; 9:20-21; 16:9,11).
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: vlažný
Doctrine: Spiritual Complacency (Lukewarmness)
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Persecution
Of unusual pastoral relevance for this readership: a secular Czech reader’s own low religious engagement is precisely the danger Laodicea illustrates; requires pastoral care to avoid feeling like a personal accusation (3:16).
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: věrný a pravdivý / pravý
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: πιστός καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: God
Connect explicitly to baseline ‘víra’ root; a secular reader may read ‘věrná’ as merely ‘accurate’ rather than an assurance grounded in God’s own trustworthy character (19:11; 21:5; 22:6).
Sorcerers
Approved rendering: kouzelníci / čarodějové
Doctrine: Idolatry and Misplaced Worship
Original: φαρμακοί
Category: Sensitive Terms
‘Čaroděj’ carries a fairy-tale/fantasy-literature connotation, comparable to the ‘drak’ risk, risking trivialization (21:8; 22:15).
Idolaters
Approved rendering: modláři
Doctrine: Idolatry and Misplaced Worship
Original: εἰδωλολάτραι
Category: Sensitive Terms
Culturally remote category for a secular Czech reader with no lived experience of image-worship; needs ‘misplaced ultimate loyalty’ framing (21:8; 22:15).
Sexually Immoral
Approved rendering: smilníci / smilstvo
Doctrine: Idolatry and Misplaced Worship
Original: πόρνοι / πορνεία
Category: Sensitive Terms
Must be understood in both its literal AND (ch. 17-18) covenant-unfaithfulness metaphorical senses (2:14,20-21; 9:21; 14:8; 17:2,4; 18:3,9; 21:8; 22:15).
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: služebník / otrok
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Persecution
Choice between softer ‘služebník’ and harsher, literal ‘otrok’ (evoking historical serfdom, ‘nevolnictví’) needs consistent, deliberate resolution across the curriculum (1:1; 2:20; 6:15; 7:3; 10:7; 11:18; 19:2,5,18; 22:3,6).
Grace And Peace Greeting
Approved rendering: milost a pokoj
Doctrine: Grace Echoed at the Consummation
Original: χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Direct reuse of the baseline Pauline greeting formula, both terms exactly as recorded (1:4).
Lords Day
Approved rendering: Pánův den / den Páně
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἡ κυριακὴ ἡμέρα
Category: Worship
Reuses baseline ‘Pán’ (Critical) — the day belongs to and honors Christ’s lordship (1:10).
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: duše pod oltářem
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: αἱ ψυχαὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου
Category: Judgment
Martyred believers awaiting final vindication, crying ‘how long?’ (6:9-10); handle together with avenge_vindicate.
Sealed
Approved rendering: zapečetěný / mít pečeť
Doctrine: Total Allegiance vs. the Mark of the Beast
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Must be taught in explicit contrast to ch. 13’s ‘mark of the beast’, since the two marks are structurally parallel and rhetorically opposed (7:3-8).
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: kadidlo / modlitby svatých
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θυμίαμα / αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
OT temple imagery of prayer rising to God as pleasing incense; reuses baseline ‘svatí’ (8:3-4).
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: dva svědkové
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Persecution
A dramatized picture of the church’s faithful witness, martyrdom, and vindication (11:3-13); see witness_testimony for lexical-gap treatment.
Everlasting Gospel
Approved rendering: věčné evangelium
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: τὸ εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
Reuses baseline ‘evangelium’ exactly (14:6).
Fallen Babylon
Approved rendering: Padl, padl veliký Babylon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη … ἔπεσεν
Category: Judgment
Proleptic proclamation of judgment (echoes Isaiah 21:9); requires the reader to grasp Babylon as symbolic (14:8; 18:2).
Tabernacle Of Testimony
Approved rendering: stan svědectví
Doctrine: God’s Unmediated Presence (No More Temple)
Original: ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου
Category: God
Reuses the market-stall collision risk flagged for ‘stánek’ (21:3), though rendered ‘stan’ (tent) here, somewhat reducing but not eliminating that collision (15:5).
No Temple
Approved rendering: neviděl jsem v něm chrám
Doctrine: God’s Unmediated Presence (No More Temple)
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: Church
Direct, unmediated presence of God replaces the need for a mediating sanctuary building; reuses ch. 11 ‘chrám’ note and the 21:3 ‘stánek’ theology (21:22).
Words Of This Prophecy
Approved rendering: slova tohoto prorockého proroctví
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς προφητείας ταύτης
Category: Prophecy and Scripture
Solemn warning against adding to or removing from the book’s content (22:18-19), echoing Deuteronomy 4:2; reuses baseline ‘proroctví’ exactly.
Faithless
Approved rendering: nevěřící
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἄπιστοι
Category: Judgment
Direct negative counterpart to Faith; reuses negation of baseline ‘víra’ (21:8).
Inherit Heritage
Approved rendering: zdědí / dědictví
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Original: κληρονομήσει / κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
Ties directly to baseline’s ‘adoption’ doctrine (‘přijetí za syna’) — full inheritance rights as God’s child, finally realized (21:7).
Without Payment Freely
Approved rendering: zadarmo / darem
Doctrine: Grace Echoed at the Consummation
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
Shares no etymology with baseline ‘milost’ but must be actively taught as carrying the SAME theological weight of unearned gift; without an explicit cross-reference, a reader may take this only as a commercial ‘free of charge’ (21:6; cf. 22:17).
Holy City
Approved rendering: svaté město
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ πόλις ἡ ἁγία
Category: Church
Reuses baseline ‘svatý’ exactly; the corporate, relational set-apartness of the city must be taught, not assumed (21:2,10).
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to the seven local churches (ch. 1-3) and to the Church as Bride (22:16).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: království Boží
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the climactic proclamation at 11:15; guard against the fairy-tale-kingdom association ‘království’ carries in Czech children’s literature, intensified in this curriculum by the equally fairy-tale-loaded ‘trůn’.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Doctrine: Grace Echoed at the Consummation
Rejected alternatives: pokoj ve smyslu pouhého klidu
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the epistolary greeting formula (1:4).
Adoption
Approved rendering: přijetí za syna
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies the believer’s adoptive ‘syn’ status granted at 21:7; must remain sharply distinguished from Christ’s ontological ‘Syn Boží’.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pohané
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Inherited from Romans package. Use ‘národy’ (nations) where 21:24-26’s neutral sense of ‘the nations bringing their glory’ is intended, per baseline distinction.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boží
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Inherited from Romans package. Standard rendering, reinforcing ‘Všemohoucí’ throughout the throne-room visions.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: prorok ve smyslu věštce
Original: προφήτης
Category: Prophecy and Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout (10:7; 11:10,18; 16:6; 18:20,24; 22:6,9); negated as ‘falešný prorok’ (13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10).
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Doctrine: Historical Polemic vs. Contemporary Jewish People
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ties to the twelve tribes (7:4; 21:12); requires the same sensitivity note as baseline given contemporary political weight of ‘Izrael’, and must remain distinct from ‘synagoga satanova’, which is NOT a statement about Israel or Jewish people generally.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: potomek Davidův
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘Lev z pokolení Judova / Kořen Davidův’ (5:5; 22:16).
Providence
Approved rendering: prozřetelnost Boží
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: prozřetelnost jako neosobní ‘osud’ nebo ‘štěstí’
Inherited from Romans package. Guards Revelation’s sovereignty vision (esp. ch. 4-5, ‘It is done’ 21:6) against a fatalistic ‘osud’/‘štěstí’ reading.
Intercession
Approved rendering: přímluva
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Inherited from Romans package. Light use; underlies the ‘prayers of the saints’ rising as incense (8:3-4).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: duchovní dary
Doctrine: Sanctification and Corporate Holiness in Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Light use; conceptually underlies the diverse ministries pictured in the seven churches and the two witnesses.
Mission
Approved rendering: misie
Doctrine: Witness and Testimony as Ongoing Church Practice
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the proclamation of the ‘everlasting gospel’ to every nation (14:6).
Almighty
Approved rendering: Všemohoucí
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
Retains some residual cultural traction via the Apostles’ Creed (‘Bůh Otec všemohoucí’), recognizable even by secular Czechs, but still requires conceptual reinforcement (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22).
Morning Star
Approved rendering: jitřní hvězda
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Messianic self-designation of Christ (2:28; 22:16); low competing secular meaning.
Worthy
Approved rendering: hoden / důstojný
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
Foundational refrain for Worship of the Lamb (4:11; 5:2-12).
New Song
Approved rendering: nová píseň
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship
Ties to the qualitative ‘new’ (kainos) risk noted at 21:1 (5:9; 14:3).
False Prophet
Approved rendering: falešný prorok
Doctrine: Idolatry and Misplaced Worship
Original: ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Counterfeit spiritual authority serving the beast (16:13; 19:20; 20:10); reuses baseline ‘prorok’ negated.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Góg a Magóg
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic representation of all nations gathered in final, futile rebellion (Ezekiel 38-39); requires that OT background briefly supplied (20:8).
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: kniha života
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
Heavenly register of those belonging to God; assurance grounded in God’s own record, not human performance (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27).
Accuser
Approved rendering: žalobce
Doctrine: Angelic Ministry and Spiritual Warfare
Original: ὁ κατήγορος
Category: Judgment
A rare case where the everyday legal/courtroom sense reinforces rather than undermines the theological sense; still requires a note conveying the cosmic stakes (12:10).
Throne
Approved rendering: trůn
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
Strongly associated with fairy-tale kings in Czech children’s literature; guard against a storybook-kingdom reading (throughout, esp. 4:2-11; 20:11; 21:3,5; 22:1,3).
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: živé bytosti
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: zvířata (flattens their unique, non-earthly nature)
Original: τὰ ζῷα
Category: Worship
The four beings surrounding God’s throne (echoing Ezekiel 1, Isaiah 6), modeling continuous heavenly worship (4:6-9; 5:6-14; 6:1-8; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4).
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: strom života
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Edenic tree (Genesis 2-3) restored in the New Jerusalem; Czech fantasy/folklore literature also uses this imagery, requiring explicit Genesis grounding (2:7; 22:2,14,19).
River Of Life
Approved rendering: řeka vody života
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὁ ποταμὸς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Unending, God-given life flowing from his throne (echoes Ezekiel 47, Genesis 2); climactic fulfillment of 21:6’s ‘pramen vody života’ (22:1-2).
Spring Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: pramen vody života
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Echoes John 4,7 and Genesis 2 (21:6; cf. 22:1,17); anticipates ‘řeka vody života’ in ch. 22.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: nový
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
Czech does not lexically distinguish kainos (new in kind) from neos (new in time); gloss needed at every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence, especially 21:1,5 (also 2:17; 3:12; 5:9; 14:3).
Abyss
Approved rendering: propast
Doctrine: Angelic Ministry and Spiritual Warfare
Original: ἡ ἄβυσσος
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Ordinary Czech ‘propast’ means a geological chasm or figurative crisis; needs supernatural/spiritual framing (9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3).
Locusts
Approved rendering: kobylky
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Ordinary insect word; without the text’s own monstrous/demonic description, risks reading as a mundane agricultural pest (9:3-11).
Sea Symbolic
Approved rendering: moře
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Eschatology
Symbol of chaos and the source of the beast (13:1); its final absence (21:1) signals removal of cosmic chaos and threat, not a claim about future oceanography.
Endurance Patience
Approved rendering: vytrvalost
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Persecution
Standard rendering (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12).
Ruler Of Kings Of Earth
Approved rendering: vládce králů země
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς
Category: Christology
Standard rendering; anticipates 19:16’s ‘King of kings’ (1:5).
Lampstand
Approved rendering: svícen
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: λυχνία
Category: Church
A stand holding a lamp, symbol of a local church (1:20); needs the symbolic key made explicit or it reads as mere décor (1:12,20; 2:1).
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: koruna života
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Persecution
‘Koruna’ also means the Czech currency; context usually disambiguates, but flag for the rare isolated-quotation ambiguity (2:10).
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: skrytá manna
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: τὸ μάννα τὸ κεκρυμμένον
Category: Persecution
OT wilderness bread (Exodus 16), symbol of intimate, hidden spiritual sustenance for the overcomer; requires OT background (2:17).
White Stone New Name
Approved rendering: bílý kámen / nové jméno
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ψῆφος λευκή / ὄνομα καινόν
Category: Persecution
Personal, secure identity given by Christ; ties Christian Identity in Christ (baseline) and Assurance (2:17).
White Garments
Approved rendering: bílé roucho
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
White clothes/robes signifying purity, victory, and festal joy, granted not self-produced (3:5,18; 4:4; 6:11; 7:9,13-14; 19:8).
Key Of David
Approved rendering: klíč Davidův
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Authority over the Davidic house/kingdom (Isaiah 22:22), held by Christ (3:7).
Scroll Seven Seals
Approved rendering: kniha (svitek) / sedm pečetí
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ βιβλίον / ἑπτὰ σφραγίδες
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
‘Pečeť’ is an ordinary word for a wax seal/official stamp; needs a note that breaking each seal both reveals content AND enacts judgment (5:1-9; 6:1-17; 8:1).
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: veliký zástup
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Original: ὁ ὄχλος πολύς
Category: Church
An innumerable multitude ‘that no one could number’ (7:9), contrasting with the symbolically precise 144,000.
Palm Branches
Approved rendering: palmové ratolesti
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: φοίνικες
Category: Worship
Symbol of festal celebration and victory (echoes Sukkot, John 12:13); requires OT/Second Temple festival background (7:9).
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: žena
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἡ γυνή
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic figure, likely the covenant people of God from whom the Messiah comes; symbolic identity must be explained (12:1-17).
Harvest Reap
Approved rendering: sklizeň / sklízet
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θερισμός / θερίζω
Category: Judgment
Agricultural metaphor for the gathering-in of final judgment (echoes Joel 3); the double sense (redemption-gathering vs. judgment-reaping) needs explicit per-occurrence framing (14:14-20).
Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: vinný lis Božího hněvu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
The crushing, decisive judgment on evil (echoes Isaiah 63); the crushing sense must be explicit despite Moravian wine-culture familiarity (14:19-20).
Bowl Of Wrath
Approved rendering: číše (hněvu)
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ φιάλη
Category: Judgment
A vessel for pouring out God’s final judgments; climactic escalation from seals to trumpets to bowls (15:7-16:21).
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: píseň Mojžíšova a píseň Beránkova
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἡ ᾠδὴ Μωϋσέως … καὶ ἡ ᾠδὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
Joins Exodus deliverance song with worship of Christ the Lamb, uniting old and new covenant redemption; reuses baseline ‘Mojžíš’ and Critical ‘Beránek’ (15:3).
Blasphemed Name Of God
Approved rendering: haněli / hanobili [jméno Boží]
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἐβλασφήμησαν [τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ]
Category: Judgment
Hardened, unrepentant human defiance persisting even under direct judgment (16:9,11,21).
Fine Linen
Approved rendering: jemné plátno
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: βύσσινον
Category: Church
Costly white cloth, interpreted by the text itself as ‘the righteous deeds of the saints’ (19:8); always retain the text’s own interpretive gloss alongside the image.
Millennium
Approved rendering: tisíc let / tisícileté království
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign (Interpretive Caution)
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
Flag for theologian review specifically because multiple legitimate Christian interpretive traditions exist (premillennial, amillennial, postmillennial); render plainly without adopting any single scheme’s distinctive vocabulary (20:1-7).
Twelve Tribes Twelve Apostles
Approved rendering: dvanáct kmenů / dvanáct apoštolů
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Original: αἱ δώδεκα φυλαί / οἱ δώδεκα ἀπόστολοι
Category: Church
Inscribed on the New Jerusalem’s gates and foundations, symbolically uniting old and new covenant people of God; reuses baseline ‘apoštol’ (21:12,14).
Nations Bring Glory
Approved rendering: národy … svou slávu
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Original: τὰ ἔθνη … τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν
Category: Church
Echoes Isaiah 60; reuses baseline ‘pohané/národy’ distinction and ‘sláva’ exactly (21:24-26).
It Is Done
Approved rendering: Stalo se!
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γέγονεν
Category: Eschatology
Echoes 16:17, the seventh bowl; distinguish from John 19:30’s ‘It is finished’ (τετέλεσται, a different Greek word) — related but not identical completion-statements (21:6).
His People
Approved rendering: jeho lid
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: lid pouze v etnicko-národním smyslu
Original: ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ
Category: Church
Covenant-community identity, not generic humanity; distinguish from a merely ethnic/national ‘lid’ (21:3).
Death Final
Approved rendering: smrt
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
The finality claimed here (‘shall be no more’) must not be flattened to a vague comfort saying; ties forward to ‘druhá smrt’ and must be read alongside it (21:4).
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apoštol
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in ‘twelve apostles’ inscribed on the New Jerusalem’s foundations (21:14) and 18:20.
David
Approved rendering: David
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ, distinguished from believers’ adoptive sonship
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘Root of David’ and ‘key of David’ titles (3:7; 5:5; 22:16).
Amen
Approved rendering: Amen
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package transliteration standard. Note: at 3:14 ‘Amen’ functions as a personal divine TITLE for Christ (‘these are the words of the Amen’), not merely a liturgical closing word — flag this specific occurrence for an explanatory gloss.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: díkůvzdání
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs in throne-room worship refrains (4:9; 7:12; 11:17).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: společenství
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Light use in church-community contexts (ch. 1-3).
Exhort
Approved rendering: povzbuzovat
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Inherited from Romans package. Reads more naturally than ‘napomínat’ in the letters to the seven churches.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: Haleluja
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
Established transliteration (19:1,3-4,6).
Jezebel Typology
Approved rendering: Jezábel
Doctrine: Idolatry and Misplaced Worship
Original: Ἰεζάβελ
Category: Persecution
Established Czech Bible name form; used typologically for a false prophetess (2:20); requires OT background story briefly supplied.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: čtyřiadvacet starších
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
Representative heavenly figures worshipping before the throne (4:4,10; 5:8,14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4).
Sea Of Glass
Approved rendering: skelné moře
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη
Category: Worship
God’s transcendent purity before his throne; do not confuse with the ordinary sea of 21:1 (4:6; 15:2).
Trumpet
Approved rendering: trubka / pozoun
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Judgment
An instrument of alarm/summons marking successive divine judgments (8:2-9:21; 11:15).
Apollyon Abaddon
Approved rendering: Apollyon (Zhoubce)
Doctrine: Angelic Ministry and Spiritual Warfare
Original: Ἀπολλύων
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
‘Destroyer’; the angelic king of the abyss, subordinate to God’s sovereignty (9:11).
Little Scroll
Approved rendering: malý svitek
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: τὸ βιβλαρίδιον
Category: Prophecy and Scripture
A small scroll John is told to eat (echoes Ezekiel 2-3), sweet to receive but bitter in judgment content (10:9-10).
Michael
Approved rendering: Michael
Doctrine: Angelic Ministry and Spiritual Warfare
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Established Czech Bible form (12:7).
Kings Of The Earth
Approved rendering: králové země
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς
Category: Judgment
Earthly political powers allied with, and ultimately judged alongside, Babylon (17:2,18; 18:3,9).
Merchants Lament
Approved rendering: kupci budou plakat
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: οἱ ἔμποροι … κλαύσουσιν
Category: Judgment
Narrative detail exposing the idolatry of commerce/wealth; not heavily load-bearing doctrinally (18:11-19).
Precious Stones
Approved rendering: drahé kamení (jaspis, zlato)
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: λίθος τίμιος
Category: Eschatology
Symbols of the New Jerusalem’s surpassing, God-given glory and permanence; reuses baseline ‘sláva’ conceptually (21:11,18-21).
Referenced passages