Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (English → Czech)
Purpose and Use
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all four chapters of 2 Timothy, including the core passage (3:14–4:5). It extends — and never contradicts — the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. Terms marked [REUSED] carry forward the exact Czech rendering already fixed in the Romans baseline and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum, pending the same theologian/native-speaker review routing used in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tiers follow the baseline framework exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk (per baseline) | 2 Timothy occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | evangelium | High | 1:8, 1:10, 2:8, 2:9 | Central term throughout; Timothy is charged not to be ashamed of it (echo of Rom 1:16). |
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | milost | High | 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22 | Recurs in every chapter; also appears in the greeting triad “grace, mercy, peace” (1:2). |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | víra | High | 1:5, 2:18 (denied), 2:22, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7 | Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit throughout. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | spravedlnost | High/Critical | 2:22, 3:16, 4:8 | Both the forensic sense (implicit) and the practical/ethical outworking sense (3:16, 2:22) occur; keep distinct from “ospravedlnění.” |
| Justification | δικαίωσις (dikaiōsis) | ospravedlnění | Critical | (concept implicit, not a direct lexeme in 2 Timothy) | No direct occurrence; retained here for cross-document consistency where the doctrine is referenced pedagogically. |
| Salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | spasení | Critical | 2:10, 3:15, 4:18 | Must always carry narrative gloss (from what/to what/by whom), never a bare label. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | apoštol | Low | 1:1, 1:11 | Standard. |
| Called / Calling | κλητός / κλῆσις (klētos/klēsis) | povolaný / povolání | High | 1:9 (“holy calling”) | Must be actively distinguished from secular-vocational “job/profession” sense. |
| Holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | svatý | High | 1:9, 3:15 (via “hiera” cognate concept) | See also “svaté povolání.” |
| Saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | svatí | High | (not directly addressed to “saints” as recipients, but doctrine remains applicable) | No direct occurrence; retained for consistency. |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) / ἁγιάζω | posvěcení / posvěcený | High | 2:21 | ”A vessel… sanctified, useful to the Master.” |
| Adoption | υἱοθεσία (huiothesia) | přijetí za syna | Medium | (concept implicit via sonship/family language) | No direct occurrence. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | vzkříšení | Critical | 2:8, 2:18 (denied by false teachers) | 2:18 requires careful framing as false teaching, not the book’s own doctrine. |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Pán | Critical | throughout (e.g., 1:8, 1:16, 1:18, 2:19, 2:22, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22) | Extremely frequent in this book; capitalization discipline must be maintained every occurrence. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ (huios theou) | Syn Boží | Critical | (not directly named as such, but “Christ Jesus” carries the same Christological weight) | Retained for consistency; see Christ/Jesus entries below. |
| Incarnation | — (theological category) | vtělení | High | 2:8 (“descended from David”) | Same category as Romans 1:3. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | pokoj | Medium | 1:2, 2:22 | Distinguish from mere quiet/absence of disturbance. |
| Spiritual gifts | χαρίσματα (charismata) | duchovní dary | Medium | (related singular “charisma,” 1:6) | See new entry for singular charisma below. |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία (eucharistia) | díkůvzdání | Low | (concept implicit, 1:3 “I thank God”) | No direct noun occurrence. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (koinōnia) | společenství | Low | (concept implicit) | No direct occurrence. |
| Church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | církev | Medium | (concept implicit; ministry context throughout) | No direct occurrence. |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ (basileia tou theou) | království Boží | Medium | 4:1, 4:18 | ”His kingdom,” “his heavenly kingdom.” |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | hřích | High | 3:6 (“laden with sins”) | Standard. |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | pohané | Medium | 1:11 (“teacher of the Gentiles/nations”) | Paul’s apostolic role recalled from earlier ministry. |
| Glory | δόξα (doxa) | sláva | High | 2:10, 4:18 | Distinguish from worldly fame. |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | moc Boží | Medium | 1:7, 1:8, 3:5 (denied) | 3:5 is a negative use: false godliness “denies its power.” |
| David | Δαυίδ (Dauid) | David | Low | 2:8 | Standard proper name. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Ježíš | Critical | throughout | Standard. |
| God | θεός (theos) | Bůh | Critical | throughout | Standard. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | Duch svatý | Critical | 1:14 | ”Guard the good deposit through the Holy Spirit who dwells in us.” |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Otec | Critical | 1:2 | Standard greeting formula. |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | povzbuzovat | Low | 4:2 | Context-sensitive; here paired with rebuke, may lean toward “urge” register. |
| Seed of David | σπέρμα Δαυίδ (sperma Dauid) | potomek Davidův | Medium | 2:8 | Standard. |
| Imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη… εἰς δικαιοσύνην (concept) | přičtená spravedlnost | Critical | echoed at 4:16 (negative use of the same logizomai root) | See new entry below for the 4:16 occurrence specifically. |
| Election | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός (eklogē/eklektos) | vyvolení | High | 2:10 (“for the sake of the elect”) | Must not register as competitive selection. |
B. New Terms Introduced by This Curriculum
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God-breathed / Inspiration of Scripture | θεόπνευστος (theopneustos) | God-breathed | Bohem vdechnuté | Critical | 3:16 | Modern Czech “inspirace/inspirovaný” is a common secular word for creative/motivational inspiration; must not be allowed to reduce divine authorship of Scripture’s very words to human creative stimulus. |
| Scripture | γραφή (graphē) | writing | Písmo | Medium | 3:16 | Word itself stable; underlying claim to divine authority and universal scope (“veškeré Písmo”) is unfamiliar and must be actively taught. |
| Sacred writings | ἱερὰ γράμματα (hiera grammata) | sacred letters/writings | svatá Písma | High | 3:15 | No secular collision, but risks being read as a mere historical/cultural label without the accompanying claim about origin and authority. |
| Teaching | διδασκαλία (didaskalia) | teaching, instruction | učení | Medium | 3:16, 4:3 | Standard word; needs contextual framing as one of Scripture’s stated purposes/functions. |
| Reproof | ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω (elegmos/elenchō) | conviction of wrong, exposing fault | usvědčování / kárání | Medium | 3:16, 4:2 | Distinguish from neutral “teaching”; carries a confrontational, exposing sense. |
| Correction | ἐπανόρθωσις (epanorthōsis) | setting straight again | náprava | Medium | 3:16 | Standard secular word (legal/moral rehabilitation); ensure personal, restorative sense, not bureaucratic. |
| Training/discipline in righteousness | παιδεία (paideia) | upbringing, moral-intellectual formation | výchova | High | 3:16 | Everyday Czech “výchova” overwhelmingly means secular child-rearing/schooling; the specific sense of Scripture-driven spiritual/moral formation must be actively distinguished. |
| Complete / equipped | ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτίζω (artios/exartizō) | fully fit, thoroughly furnished | způsobilý / vybavený | Medium | 3:17 | Rare words with no secular competitor; risk is under-translation into vague “good.” |
| Man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος (ho tou theou anthrōpos) | God’s person | Boží člověk | Medium | 3:17 | Use inclusive “člověk,” not “muž,” to preserve the intended non-gender-restricted force. |
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound doctrine / sound teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) | healthy teaching | zdravé učení | High | 4:3; (cf. “zdravá slova” 1:13) | “Zdravé” primarily means physically healthy in everyday Czech (healthy food, healthy lifestyle); the doctrinal-health metaphor must be actively unpacked, not assumed to transfer. |
| Sound words | ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι (hygiainontes logoi) | healthy words | zdravá slova | High | 1:13 | Same metaphor family and risk as “zdravé učení”; keep vocabulary consistent across the book. |
| The entrusted deposit | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | that which is placed in trust | svěřený poklad | High | 1:12, 1:14, 2:2 | Avoid ČEP’s “odkaz,” which in modern Czech primarily means a hyperlink/link and secondarily a generic legacy — both trivialize the image of a precious trust to be guarded intact. |
| To entrust | παρατίθημι (paratithēmi) | to hand over for safekeeping | svěřit | High | 2:2 | Verb form of parathēkē; must be rendered consistently with its noun form to preserve the chain-of-custody image central to Faithful Transmission. |
| To guard | φυλάσσω (phylassō) | to keep watch over, protect | chránit / opatrovat | Medium | 1:14 | Standard; pair consistently with “svěřený poklad.” |
| Rightly handling [the word of truth] | ὀρθοτομέω (orthotomeō) | to cut/handle straight | správně vykládat / podávat slovo pravdy | High | 2:15 | No single natural Czech equivalent for this compound concept; must convey disciplined fidelity to the true line of the text, not merely sincere or earnest teaching (the false teachers in the same chapter are sincere but wrong). |
| Irreverent, empty babble | βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι (bebēloi kenophōniai) | profane empty talk | bezbožné prázdné řeči | Medium | 2:16 | Standard, vivid; contrasted directly with rightly handling Scripture. |
| Quarreling about words | λογομαχέω (logomacheō) | to fight over words | hádat se o slova | Low | 2:14 | Standard. |
| Gangrene [of false teaching] | γάγγραινα (gaggraina) | spreading tissue disease | sněť (jako rakovina) | Low | 2:17 | Either “gangréna” or the more visceral “rakovina” (cancer) is acceptable as a dynamic equivalent. |
| Myths | μῦθος (mythos) | invented story, fable | báje / bajky | Medium | 4:4 | May evoke classical/Slavic mythology as a literary category in Czech; context must clarify these are unspecified false doctrines, not a reference to mythology proper. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια (alētheia) | reality, that which is true | pravda | Medium | 2:15, 4:4 | Extremely common secular/political word in Czech (civic-discourse associations); anchor to “pravda evangelia” where possible to keep the specific gospel-truth referent clear. |
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faithful men/people | πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι (pistoi anthrōpoi) | trustworthy people | věrní lidé | Medium | 2:2 | Standard, shares root with “víra.” |
| To preach/proclaim | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | to herald, publicly proclaim | kázat | Medium | 4:2 | Avoid the register of secular idioms (“kázat vodu a pít víno,” “nekaž mi”) in formal doctrinal material. |
| Proclamation / message | κήρυγμα (kērygma) | the thing proclaimed | zvěstování / kázání | Medium | 4:17 | Shares root with kēryssō; keep terminologically linked. |
| Teaching (act of instructing) | διδαχή (didachē) | instruction | vyučování / učení | Medium | 4:2 | Near-synonym of didaskalia; note overlap explicitly for cross-document consistency. |
| Evangelist / [do] the work of an evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής (euaggelistēs) | one who proclaims good news | evangelista (with gloss: ten, kdo zvěstuje evangelium) | High | 4:5 | Czech “evangelista” primarily denotes the four Gospel-writers (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John); pair with an explanatory gloss on first use to prevent readers picturing “become a Gospel-author” instead of an active proclamation calling. |
| Ministry / service | διακονία (diakonia) | service, ministry | služba | Medium | 4:5 | Everyday word for generic service (customer service, civil service); context must signal gospel-ministry sense specifically. |
| The word of God is not bound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | God’s word is not chained | Boží slovo není spoutáno | Medium | 2:9 | Vivid, low risk; recommended as a pedagogically emphasized encouragement verse. |
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solemnly charge | διαμαρτύρομαι (diamartyromai) | to call to witness formally | důrazně přikazuji / zapřísahám | High | 4:1 | Must carry courtroom-level solemnity, not a casual request; opens the book’s climactic charge before God and the coming Judge. |
| Preach the word | κήρυξον τὸν λόγον (kēryxon ton logon) | proclaim the message | kaž [Boží] slovo | High | 4:2 | ”Slovo” alone reads generically; must be anchored explicitly to “Boží slovo”/“evangelium” so the imperative is unmistakably “proclaim God’s message.” |
| In season, out of season | εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως (eukairōs akairōs) | at convenient/inconvenient times | ať je vhod nebo nevhod | Low | 4:2 | Established idiomatic rendering in Czech Bible tradition; retain. |
| Rebuke | ἐπιτιμάω (epitimaō) | to sternly reprimand | kárat | Medium | 4:2 | Standard. |
| Patience | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | long-suffering, forbearance | trpělivost | Low | 4:2 | Standard. |
| Be sober-minded | νήφω (nēphō) | to be clear-headed, not intoxicated | buď bdělý / zůstaň při smyslech | Medium | 4:5 | Metaphorical alertness sense needs explicit framing so as not to be read as merely a warning against alcohol. |
| Itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν (knēthomenoi tēn akoēn) | ears that itch/tickle | svědění v uších (chtějí slyšet jen to, co je příjemné) | Medium | 4:3 | Vivid idiom benefits from being kept concrete; pair image with an explanatory clause. |
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suffer hardship / endure suffering | κακοπαθέω (kakopatheō) | to bear up under evil/suffering | snášet útrapy / trpělivě snášet těžkosti | High | 1:8, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5 | Load-bearing verb for a named curriculum doctrine; must retain the sense of suffering specifically for the gospel’s sake, not generic life difficulty. |
| Suffer together with | συγκακοπαθέω (synkakopatheō) | to share in suffering | spolu trpět / podílet se na utrpení | Medium | 1:8, 2:3 | Shares root with kakopatheō; keep terminologically linked. |
| Suffering | πάθημα (pathēma) | affliction, suffering | utrpení | Medium | 1:12, 2:9, 3:11 | Standard, but must retain gospel-specific framing where used. |
| Persecutions | διωγμός (diōgmos) | organized hostility | pronásledování | Medium | 3:11-12 | Standard, stable word; theological framing (suffering for godliness in Christ) must not be flattened into generic hardship. |
| Endure / endurance | ὑπομένω / ὑπομονή (hypomenō/hypomonē) | to remain under, bear up | snášet / vytrvalost | High | (thematic throughout ch.1-3; cf. 2:12 “if we endure”) | Central verb of a named curriculum doctrine; risk of secular flattening into generic self-help “perseverance” (sports, work, personal goals) unless explicitly God-and-gospel-focused. |
| Rescued/delivered | ῥύομαι (rhyomai) | to pull out of danger | vysvobodit | Low | 3:11, 4:18 | Standard. |
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι (eschatai hēmerai) | final period | poslední dny | Medium | 3:1 | Risk of pop-culture “apocalypse” reading rather than the specific NT sense of the whole church age before Christ’s return. |
| Difficult/perilous times | χαλεποὶ καιροί (chalepoi kairoi) | hard, dangerous seasons | těžké časy | Medium | 3:1 | Common Czech idiom for economic hardship; moral-spiritual sense must be distinguished. |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | piety, devotion to God | zbožnost | Medium | 3:5 | Stable but low-frequency word in secular Czech; needs live conceptual content built up, not assumed. |
| Form/appearance of godliness [denying its power] | μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας (morphōsis eusebeias) | outward shape of piety | vnější podoba/forma zbožnosti (bez její moci) | High | 3:5 | Central identifying mark of false teachers; easily flattened into generic “hypocrisy” unless form-vs-power contrast is rendered distinctly. |
| Lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God | φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι (philēdonoi mallon ē philotheoi) | pleasure-lovers vs. God-lovers | milující rozkoš více než milující Boha | Medium | 3:4 | Rhetorical climax of the vice list; preserve the parallel “philo-” structure in Czech. |
| Deceiving and being deceived | πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι (planōntes kai planōmenoi) | leading astray / being led astray | svádějí a sami jsou sváděni | Medium | 3:13 | Standard. |
| Impostors, charlatans | γόητες (goētes) | tricksters, sorcerers | podvodníci / šarlatáni | Low | 3:13 | Standard. |
| Blasphemers | βλάσφημοι (blasphēmoi) | those who speak abusively against God | rouhači | Medium | 3:2 | Czech civic/legal history around blasphemy as a free-speech topic risks a civic rather than theological reading. |
| Weak/easily-influenced women | γυναικάρια (gynaikaria) | diminutive/pejorative for women | snadno ovlivnitelné ženy | Medium | 3:6 | A too-literal, harshly pejorative rendering risks sounding gratuitously derogatory; focus on the situation (spiritual vulnerability exploited) rather than an insulting label. |
| Turn away [from the truth] | ἀποστρέφω (apostrephō) | to turn away, avert | odvrátit se | Medium | 4:4 | Standard; describes active rejection of apostolic truth, a key marker of this doctrine. |
| The devil / the devil’s snare | διάβολος (diabolos) | slanderer, adversary | ďábel | High | 2:26 | Entirely absent from the Romans baseline; must be introduced as a real personal being, not the folkloric/idiomatic “čert” of common Czech expressions (“k čertu s tím”). |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | change of mind/heart | pokání | High | 2:25 | A stable Bible-tradition word without live conceptual content for a secular reader; requires the same narrative-teaching treatment already mandated for “spasení.” |
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I have fought the good fight | τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι (ton kalon agōna ēgōnismai) | I have competed the good contest | dobrý boj jsem bojoval | Low | 4:7 | Established phrase in Czech Bible tradition; retain as-is. |
| I have finished the race | τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα (ton dromon teteleka) | I have completed the course | svůj běh jsem dokončil | Low | 4:7 | Standard, established. |
| I have kept the faith | τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα (tēn pistin tetērēka) | I have preserved trust intact | víru jsem zachoval | High | 4:7 | Deliberate echo of the “guard the deposit” theme; keep consistent with parathēkē vocabulary family. |
| Crown of righteousness | ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος (ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos) | victor’s wreath of righteousness | koruna spravedlnosti | High | 4:8 | ”Koruna” is literally the Czech currency (Kč); must be explicitly taught as an athletic victor’s honorary wreath, not a wage or payment, to avoid collision with the Grace≠merit rule already Critical in the baseline. |
| Righteous judge | ὁ δίκαιος κριτής (ho dikaios kritēs) | one who judges justly | spravedlivý soudce | Low | 4:8 | Standard. |
| Christ’s appearing | ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) | visible manifestation/arrival | příchod (avoid “zjevení” as primary rendering) | Medium | 4:1, 4:8 | ”Zjevení” collides with the biblical book title “Zjevení Janovo” (Revelation); prefer “příchod” as the primary rendering. |
| Reserved/laid up [reward] | ἀπόκειμαι (apokeimai) | to be kept in store | je připravena / uložena | Low | 4:8 | Standard; reward is reserved in advance, not earned in the moment. |
| To repay/award according to deeds | ἀποδίδωμι κατὰ τὰ ἔργα (apodidōmi kata ta erga) | to give back according to works | odplatit / dát podle skutků | High | 4:14 (negative example: Alexander) | Must be carefully distinguished from justification-by-faith-alone (already Critical in the baseline); this is temporal/eschatological recompense for deeds, never a statement about the basis of salvation. |
| May it not be counted against them | μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη (mē autois logistheiē) | may it not be credited to their account | ať se jim to nepřičte | High | 4:16 | Shares the exact accounting/crediting verb root (logizomai) as REUSED “přičtená spravedlnost”; the same forensic grace-logic operates in both directions (crediting righteousness positively; not charging a wrong negatively). |
General Supporting Terms (Multiple Doctrines)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Literal meaning | Czech rendering | Risk | Passages | Grounded risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Promise [of life] | ἐπαγγελία (epaggelia) | formal pledge/assurance | zaslíbení | High | 1:1 | Everyday “slib” carries proverbial unreliability in Czech civic culture (broken political promises); “zaslíbení” must be actively distinguished as God’s unbreakable pledge. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | compassion toward the suffering | milosrdenství | Medium | 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 | Distinguish from “milost” (grace/favor toward the undeserving); low secular-collision risk. |
| Love (agapē) | ἀγάπη (agapē) | self-giving, Christ-shaped love | láska | Medium | 1:7, 1:13, 2:22, 3:4 (negatively), 4:8, 4:10 | Everyday Czech “láska” spans romantic/generic affection; the specifically Christ-shaped, self-giving sense must be actively distinguished, especially given heavy romantic usage in Czech popular culture. |
| Be ashamed / not be ashamed | ἐπαισχύνομαι (epaischynomai) | to feel shame | stydět se / nestyď se | High | 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 | Direct verbal echo of Romans 1:16’s thesis statement (“nestydím se za evangelium”); the baseline’s cross-document consistency mandate applies — render identically. |
| Deposit / entrusted treasure (see also section B above) | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | — | svěřený poklad | High | 1:12, 1:14, 2:2 | See full note in “Guarding Sound Doctrine” table above. |
| Immortality / incorruptibility | ἀφθαρσία (aphtharsia) | undecaying existence | nesmrtelnost / neporušitelnost | Medium | 1:10 | Standard theological vocabulary; unfamiliar category, teach alongside “resurrection.” |
| Abolished [death] | καταργέω (katargeō) | to nullify, render powerless | zlomit moc / zrušit | Medium | 1:10 | Avoid the bureaucratic sense of “zrušit” (to cancel a contract/subscription); this is a decisive cosmic victory. |
| Holy calling | κλῆσις ἁγία (klēsis hagia) | God’s set-apart summons | svaté povolání | High | 1:9 | Combination of two already-High-risk REUSED terms; especially acute risk of reading as “a holy profession” (clergy-as-job) rather than God’s summons to every believer. |
| Gift [singular, personal] | χάρισμα (charisma) | Spirit-given enablement | dar [Boží] | Medium | 1:6 | Related to but distinct from REUSED plural “duchovní dary”; note the singular, ordination-linked sense here. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | inner moral awareness | svědomí | Low | 1:3 | Live, well-understood secular-and-religious concept in Czech; low risk. |
| Household of Onesiphorus / other proper names | (various) | — | standard Czech Bible transliterations | Low | 1:16-18, 4:19-21 | David, Priska, Akvila, Erastos, Trofimos, Krescens, Titus, Marek, Karpus, Alexandr, Hymenaios, Filétos, Jannes a Jambres — no theological risk beyond consistent transliteration. |
Cross-Reference to Doctrine Coverage
Every one of the seven curriculum doctrines is represented by at least one Critical or High risk term in this glossary:
| Curriculum doctrine | Anchor term(s) in this glossary |
|---|---|
| Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | Bohem vdechnuté (theopneustos) — Critical |
| Perseverance under Suffering | snášet / vytrvalost (hypomenō/hypomonē); snášet útrapy (kakopatheō) — High |
| Guarding Sound Doctrine | zdravé učení (hygiainousa didaskalia); svěřený poklad (parathēkē); správně vykládat slovo pravdy (orthotomeō) — High |
| Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | svěřit (paratithēmi); svěřený poklad (parathēkē) — High |
| The Charge to Preach the Word | důrazně přikazuji (diamartyromai); kaž Boží slovo (kēryxon ton logon) — High |
| Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | ďábel (diabolos); pokání (metanoia); podoba zbožnosti bez její moci (morphōsis eusebeias) — High |
| Assurance of Reward | koruna spravedlnosti (stephanos tēs dikaiosynēs); ať se jim to nepřičte (mē logistheiē) — High |
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json before any Phase 2 translation of 2 Timothy material. New terms proposed here require the same theologian/native-speaker review and formal addition to translation memory before enforcement, per the baseline’s “Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.”
Critical Risk Terms
Justification
Approved rendering: ospravedlnění
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ospravedlnění pouze ve smyslu běžné omluvy
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No direct lexeme occurrence in 2 Timothy; retained for cross-document consistency because 4:8’s ‘koruna spravedlnosti’ and 4:16’s ‘ať se jim to nepřičte’ both echo this doctrine’s forensic logic and must not be confused with reward-for-deeds language elsewhere in chapter 4.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: spasení jako pouhý archaický literární výraz
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:10, 3:15, 4:18. Must always carry the narrative gloss (from what, to what, by whom) mandated in the baseline; never a bare label.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: přičtená spravedlnost
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn / logizomai
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost jako výsledek vlastního mravního zlepšení
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (concept); λογίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, echoed negatively at 4:16 (‘ať se jim to nepřičte’), which shares the exact logizomai accounting root with Romans 4’s positive crediting of righteousness. Translators must recognize and, where pedagogically useful, note the shared forensic grace-logic operating in both directions.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: vzkříšení jako reinkarnace nebo znovuzrození v rámci koloběhu
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:8 (true doctrine) and 2:18 (false teachers’ claim it ‘already happened’). 2:18 MUST be unmistakably framed with attribution/quotation as the error being condemned, never as the book’s own teaching, so as not to contaminate this Critical doctrine with its own textual counter-example. This is the same doctrinal error pattern found in the Czech New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses) tradition of an invisible, already-realized ‘presence’; never echo that framing.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ jako běžné zdvořilostní oslovení
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent in 2 Timothy (1:8, 1:16, 1:18, 2:19, 2:22, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22) — the highest-frequency Critical term in this book. Capitalization alone is a fragile signal; every occurrence must be actively taught, not merely capitalized.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boží
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ (concept, via ‘Christ Jesus’)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named as such in 2 Timothy, but ‘Kristus Ježíš,’ used dozens of times, presupposes this doctrine; retained for consistency and brief accompanying explanation.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout, frequently paired as ‘Kristus Ježíš.’ Register discipline (never the colloquial exclamatory register) applies as in Romans.
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:14 (‘ochraňuj skrze Ducha svatého, který v nás bydlí’).
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2 in the expanded greeting formula.
Theopneustos
Approved rendering: Bohem vdechnuté
Transliteration: theopneustos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: inspirované (secular creative/motivational sense), pochází z Božího Ducha (ČEP’s origin-statement paraphrase, which loses the direct breathing/authorship image)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
3:16. Single load-bearing term of the doctrine. Modern Czech ‘inspirace/inspirovaný’ is an extremely common secular word for creative or motivational inspiration; a secular reader will default to this weak sense unless ‘vdechnuté’ (Kralice tradition) is retained and actively explained as God being the source of the very words, not merely a muse.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2. Timoteovi 1:8, 1:10, 2:8, 2:9. 1:8’s ‘nestydím se za evangelium’ directly echoes Romans 1:16 and must render identically per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22. In 1:2 opens an expanded triadic greeting (‘milost, milosrdenství, pokoj’) unique to the Pastoral Epistles; must not be conflated with the adjacent new term ‘milosrdenství’ (mercy).
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:5, 2:18 (negatively, overturned by false teachers), 2:22, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7 (‘víru jsem zachoval’). Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit in every occurrence; 2:18’s negative use must never be mistaken for the book’s own teaching about faith.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: spravedlnost
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:22, 3:16, 4:8. 2:22 and 3:16 use the practical/ethical outworking sense (lived righteousness flowing from justification), not the forensic-justification sense; keep distinct from ‘ospravedlnění.‘
Election
Approved rendering: vyvolení
Transliteration: eklektos
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: vyvolení jako výsledek soutěživého výběru (výběrové řízení, sportovní nábor)
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:10 (‘pro vyvolené’). Must not register as competitive selection; convey God’s sovereign, gracious choice.
Called
Approved rendering: povolaný
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός (concept, via κλῆσις)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for consistency with ‘calling’ at 1:9; must be distinguished from the secular-vocational ‘job/profession’ sense.
Calling
Approved rendering: povolání
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: povolání výhradně ve smyslu civilního zaměstnání
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:9 as part of ‘svaté povolání’ (see holy_calling entry below). Combined with ‘svatý,’ the acute risk is reading it as ‘a holy profession’ (clergy-as-job) rather than God’s summons to every believer.
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:9 (‘svaté povolání’) and underlies 3:15’s ‘svatá Písma’ (a related but distinct term).
Saints
Approved rendering: svatí
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. No direct occurrence as address in 2 Timothy, but the doctrine underlies who Timothy serves and is retained for consistency.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: posvěcení / posvěcený
Transliteration: hagiazō / hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: posvěcení výhradně jako rituální/symbolický akt (např. posvěcení kostela)
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:21 (‘nádoba… posvěcená, užitečná Pánu’). Distinguish from the ceremonial-blessing sense; this is ongoing, moral-relational sanctification.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: vtělení
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto (concept)
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: — (theological category, cf. ‘descended from David’)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs conceptually at 2:8 (‘původem z rodu Davidova’), same category as Romans 1:3.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Sin and Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: hřích s oslabeným, žertovným významem (‘to je hřích’)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 3:6 (‘obtížené hříchy,’ describing women exploited by false teachers). Must not collapse into the colloquial ‘a shame/pity’ idiom; the fuller weight is required here.
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:10 (‘věčná sláva’) and 4:18 (closing doxology). Avoid the secular sense of worldly fame.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boží
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:7, 1:8, and negatively at 3:5 (‘její moc však popírají’). Retain the strong verb ‘popírat’ (deny outright), not a softer ‘postrádat’ (lack); the negative use requires care not to weaken the positive doctrine elsewhere.
Hiera Grammata
Approved rendering: svatá Písma
Transliteration: hiera grammata
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
3:15. No secular collision, but risks being read as a mere historical/cultural label (‘old religious texts’) unless paired with explanation of the claim about the texts’ divine origin and authority.
Paideia
Approved rendering: výchova
Transliteration: paideia
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: výchova pouze ve smyslu sekulárního vzdělávání/školní pedagogiky
Original: παιδεία
Category: Scripture
3:16. Everyday Czech ‘výchova’ overwhelmingly means secular child-rearing or school education; must be actively framed as Scripture-driven spiritual/moral formation by God himself (‘výchova, kterou dává Bůh prostřednictvím svého slova’).
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: zdravé učení
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
4:3 (cf. ‘zdravá slova’ 1:13). ‘Zdravé’ primarily and overwhelmingly means physically healthy in ordinary Czech (zdravé jídlo, zdravý životní styl); the doctrinal-health metaphor must be actively unpacked, paired with an explicit contrast term (‘ne bludné, ale zdravé učení’).
Sound Words
Approved rendering: zdravá slova
Transliteration: hygiainontes logoi
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι
Category: Doctrine
1:13. Same metaphor family and risk as ‘zdravé učení’; keep vocabulary consistent across the book for pedagogical reinforcement.
Entrusted Deposit
Approved rendering: svěřený poklad
Transliteration: parathēkē
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: odkaz (modern Czech: primarily a hyperlink/internet link, secondarily a generic legacy), co jsem u něho složil (BKR’s banking-deposit register)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
1:12, 1:14, 2:2. Central chain-of-custody image (Paul → Timothy → faithful people → others). Never render as ‘odkaz,’ which in modern Czech usage (‘klikni na odkaz’) would trivialize the image of a precious guarded trust.
Entrust
Approved rendering: svěřit
Transliteration: paratithēmi
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: dát, předat (used inconsistently, obscuring the chain-of-custody image)
Original: παρατίθημι
Category: Doctrine
2:2. Verb form of parathēkē; must be rendered consistently with its noun form ‘svěřený poklad’ throughout the book.
Rightly Handling
Approved rendering: správně vykládat / podávat slovo pravdy
Transliteration: orthotomeō
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: vládně slovo pravdy (BKR, now unintelligible archaism), dobře učit / dobře kázat (loses the fidelity-to-the-true-line sense)
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Doctrine
2:15. No single natural Czech equivalent for this compound concept; must convey disciplined fidelity to the true line of the text, not merely sincere or earnest teaching — the false teachers named in the same chapter (Hymenaios, Filétos) are sincere but wrong.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: evangelista (s glosou: ten, kdo zvěstuje evangelium)
Transliteration: euaggelistēs
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: konej dílo zvěstovatele evangelia (viable fallback if the gloss cannot be included)
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
4:5. Czech ‘evangelista’ primarily and overwhelmingly denotes the four Gospel-writers (‘čtyři evangelisté’), recognized from church art, school, and museums. Must be paired with an explanatory gloss on first use every document to prevent a ‘become a Gospel-author’ misreading.
Solemnly Charge
Approved rendering: důrazně přikazuji / zapřísahám
Transliteration: diamartyromai
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: prosím tě, říkám ti (loses legal-solemnity register)
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
4:1. Must carry courtroom-level solemnity — a sworn charge made before God and the coming Judge, not a casual request.
Preach The Word
Approved rendering: kaž Boží slovo
Transliteration: kēryxon ton logon
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: kaž Slovo (bare, relying on capitalization alone)
Original: κήρυξον τὸν λόγον
Category: Ministry
4:2. ‘Slovo’ alone reads generically (‘a word’); must always be anchored to ‘Boží slovo’/‘evangelium,’ never left bare.
Suffer Hardship
Approved rendering: snášet útrapy / trpělivě snášet těžkosti
Transliteration: kakopatheō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: mít to těžké (drains the verb of its chosen, ministry-related endurance sense)
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
1:8, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5. Load-bearing verb for a named curriculum doctrine; must retain the sense of suffering specifically FOR the gospel’s sake, not generic life difficulty.
Endurance
Approved rendering: snášet / vytrvalost
Transliteration: hypomenō / hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: vytrvalost jako sekulární osobní ‘grit’ (fitness, kariéra, sport)
Original: ὑπομένω / ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Thematic throughout chs. 1-3; cf. 2:12. Risk of secular flattening into generic self-help resilience unless explicitly God-and-gospel-focused; never let the noun/verb stand without a governing phrase (‘pro evangelium,’ ‘v Kristu’).
Be Ashamed
Approved rendering: stydět se / nestyď se
Transliteration: epaischynomai
Doctrine: Shame and Bold Confession of the Gospel
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Perseverance
1:8, 1:12, 1:16. Direct verbal echo of Romans 1:16’s thesis statement (‘nestydím se za evangelium’); must render identically across all curriculum documents per the baseline’s cross-document consistency mandate.
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: vnější podoba/forma zbožnosti (bez její moci)
Transliteration: morphōsis eusebeias
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘pokrytectví’ (hypocrisy) alone, losing the specific form-vs-power contrast
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας
Category: Apostasy
3:5. Central identifying mark of false teachers; both halves of the form-vs-power contrast must be rendered distinctly and clearly.
Devil
Approved rendering: ďábel
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Reality and Work of the Devil
Rejected alternatives: čert (folkloric, comic, exclamatory register: ‘k čertu s tím,’ ‘ať ho čert vezme’)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Apostasy
2:26. No entry for the devil/Satan exists anywhere in the Romans baseline; introduced here as wholly new content: a real, personal, malevolent being opposed to God. Must use ‘ďábel’ or ‘satan’ exclusively in formal doctrinal material.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pokání
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
2:25-26. A stable Czech Bible-tradition term (‘čiň pokání’), but per this Language Package’s central finding, stability does not guarantee live conceptual content for a secular reader; must be taught narratively, exactly as ‘spasení’ must be.
Resurrection Denial Error
Approved rendering: [falešné tvrzení, že] vzkříšení už nastalo
Transliteration: anastasin ēdē gegonenai
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
2:18, spoken by Hymenaios and Filétos. MUST be quotation-marked/attributed as the false teaching condemned; never presented as ambiguous or as the book’s own doctrine. Structurally parallel to the historic Jehovah’s Witnesses (Překlad nového světa tradition) doctrine of an already-realized, invisible ‘presence’ — must never be phrased so as to validate a spiritualized-only resurrection.
Deny Christ
Approved rendering: zapřít
Transliteration: arnēsometha / arnēsetai
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: odmítnout (too weak/casual, loses the covenantal denial sense)
2:12. Negative mirror of confessing Christ as Lord (echoing Romans 10:9); keep vocabulary distinct from casual ‘odmítnout’ (reject/refuse).
Died And Live With Him
Approved rendering: jestliže jsme s ním zemřeli… budeme s ním žít
Transliteration: synapothanōmen / syzēsomen
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
2:11. Union-with-Christ formula echoing Romans 6; concept reused from Romans, must be built from the ground up for a reader with no prior framework for religious identity-formulas.
Kept The Faith
Approved rendering: víru jsem zachoval
Transliteration: tēn pistin tetērēka
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Faith
4:7. Deliberate echo of the ‘guard the deposit’ theme; keep terminology-linked to ‘svěřený poklad’ family — Paul has done exactly what he charged Timothy to do.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: koruna spravedlnosti
Transliteration: ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
4:8. ‘Koruna’ is, before any theological sense, the name of the Czech currency (koruna česká, Kč) — an unavoidable everyday monetary association. MUST be explicitly taught as an athletic victor’s honorary wreath (paralleling ‘boj,’ ‘běh’ in the same verse), never a wage or payment, to avoid colliding with the Grace-versus-merit rule already Critical in the Romans baseline.
Holy Calling
Approved rendering: svaté povolání
Transliteration: klēsis hagia
Doctrine: Divine and Holy Calling
Rejected alternatives: svaté povolání jako popis kněžství/duchovní profese
Original: κλῆσις ἁγία
Category: Sanctification
1:9. Combines two already-High-risk baseline terms (‘svatý,’ ‘povolání’); acute risk of reading as ‘a holy profession’ (clergy-as-job) rather than God’s summons to every believer.
Promise Of Life
Approved rendering: zaslíbení
Transliteration: epaggelia zōēs
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: slib (carries proverbial unreliability in Czech civic culture, esp. ‘politické sliby’)
Original: ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
1:1. Everyday Czech ‘slib’ is proverbially associated with broken political promises; ‘zaslíbení’ is the theologically weighted term and must be used exclusively for God’s unbreakable pledge.
Repay According To Deeds
Approved rendering: odplatit / dát podle skutků
Transliteration: apodidōmi kata ta erga (concept)
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀποδίδωμι κατὰ τὰ ἔργα (concept)
Category: Salvation
4:14 (negative example: Alexander). Must be carefully distinguished from justification-by-faith-alone (already Critical in the baseline); this is temporal/eschatological recompense for deeds, never a statement about the basis of salvation.
Not Counted Against
Approved rendering: ať se jim to nepřičte
Transliteration: mē autois logistheiē
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: nechť jim to není počítáno (BKR), ať se jim to nepočítá (ČEP) — acceptable but ‘nepřičte’ preferred for terminological linkage
Original: μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη
Category: Salvation
4:16. Shares the exact accounting/crediting verb root (logizomai) as ‘přičtená spravedlnost’; the same forensic grace-logic operates in both directions.
Medium Risk Terms
Adoption
Approved rendering: přijetí za syna
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία (concept, via sonship/family language)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No direct lexeme occurrence in 2 Timothy; retained for consistency, since the letter’s Father/Son/family imagery (1:2, 2:1) presupposes this doctrine without unpacking it directly.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: pokoj jako pouhý klid nebo nepřítomnost hluku
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2 (greeting triad), 2:22 (pursued alongside righteousness, faith, love).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: duchovní dary
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χαρίσματα (concept, cf. singular χάρισμα at 1:6)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The plural concept underlies the singular, personal, ordination-linked ‘charisma’ at 1:6; see charisma_gift entry below.
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Original: ἐκκλησία (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Concept implicit in ministry and household contexts; no direct noun occurrence.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: království Boží
Transliteration: basileia tou theou / autou
Doctrine: Christ’s Appearing and His Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / αὐτοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 4:1 (‘jeho království’) and 4:18 (‘jeho nebeské království’). Guard against the fairy-tale-kingdom association ‘království’ carries in Czech children’s literature.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pohané
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:11 (‘učitel pohanů’), recalling Paul’s earlier apostolic commission from Romans.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: potomek Davidův
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:8 (‘Ježíš Kristus, původem z rodu Davidova’).
Providence
Approved rendering: prozřetelnost Boží
Transliteration: pronoia (concept)
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Faithfulness in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: prozřetelnost v neosobním smyslu ‘osudu’ nebo ‘štěstí’
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 3:11 (‘Pán mě ze všech vysvobodil’) and 4:17-18 (‘Pán při mně stál a posílil mě’). Avoid fatalistic ‘osud’ (fate) or ‘štěstí’ (luck) framing; God’s rescue is personal and purposive.
Graphe
Approved rendering: Písmo
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
3:16 (‘veškeré Písmo’). Word is stable, but the universal quantifier and the underlying claim to divine authority are unfamiliar to a secular reader and must be actively taught.
Didaskalia
Approved rendering: učení
Transliteration: didaskalia
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: διδασκαλία
Category: Scripture
3:16, 4:3. Standard word; needs contextual framing that a text can be functionally used ‘for’ instruction as a tool.
Elegmos
Approved rendering: usvědčování / kárání
Transliteration: elegmos / elenchō
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω
Category: Scripture
3:16, 4:2. No strong secular competitor, but must not soften into a redundant synonym for ‘teaching’.
Epanorthosis
Approved rendering: náprava
Transliteration: epanorthōsis
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture
3:16. ‘Náprava’ is common in secular legal/moral-rehabilitation contexts; ensure it reads as personal restoration by Scripture, not a bureaucratic process.
Artios Exartizo
Approved rendering: způsobilý / důkladně vybavený
Transliteration: artios / exartizō
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dobrý (vague under-translation)
Original: ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτίζω
Category: Scripture
3:17. Rare words with no secular competitor; risk is under-translation into a vague ‘good,’ losing the sense of fitness for a specific task.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: Boží člověk
Transliteration: ho tou theou anthrōpos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: Boží muž (narrowly gendered reading)
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
3:17. Use ‘člověk,’ not ‘muž,’ to preserve the inclusive force intended for all believers under this teaching.
Guard
Approved rendering: chránit / opatrovat
Transliteration: phylassō
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Doctrine
1:14. Standard vocabulary; pair consistently with ‘svěřený poklad’ so the verb-object pairing reads as a coherent unit.
Empty Babble
Approved rendering: bezbožné prázdné řeči
Transliteration: bebēloi kenophōniai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Doctrine
2:16. Standard, vivid; contrasted directly with rightly handling Scripture.
Myths
Approved rendering: báje / bajky
Transliteration: mythos
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: μῦθος
Category: Doctrine
4:4. Czech ‘báje/mytologie’ strongly evokes ancient Greek/Slavic mythology as a school literary category; context must clarify these are unspecified false doctrines, not classical mythology.
Truth
Approved rendering: pravda
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Doctrine
2:15, 4:4. ‘Pravda’ is one of the most common words in Czech, carrying civic-political associations (‘pravda a láska zvítězí’); anchor to ‘pravda evangelia’ where possible to keep the specific gospel-truth referent clear.
Faithful Men
Approved rendering: věrní lidé
Transliteration: pistoi anthrōpoi
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Church
2:2. Standard, shares root with ‘víra.‘
Preach
Approved rendering: kázat
Transliteration: kēryssō
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry
4:2. Avoid the register of secular idioms (‘kázat vodu a pít víno,’ ‘nekaž mi’) in formal doctrinal material.
Proclamation
Approved rendering: zvěstování / kázání
Transliteration: kērygma
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Ministry
4:17. Shares root with ‘kázat’; keep terminologically linked.
Teaching Act
Approved rendering: vyučování / učení
Transliteration: didachē
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διδαχή
Category: Ministry
4:2. Near-synonym of ‘didaskalia’; note the overlap explicitly for cross-document consistency.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: služba
Transliteration: diakonia
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Church
4:5. Everyday word for generic service; context must signal the gospel-ministry sense specifically.
Word Not Bound
Approved rendering: Boží slovo není spoutáno
Transliteration: ho logos tou theou ou dedetai
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Ministry
2:9. Vivid, low risk; recommended as a pedagogically emphasized encouragement verse tying Sufficiency of Scripture to Faithful Transmission.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: kárat
Transliteration: epitimaō
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Ministry
4:2. Standard; stronger corrective posture than reproof.
Be Sober Minded
Approved rendering: buď bdělý / zůstaň při smyslech
Transliteration: nēphō
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: νήφω
Category: Ministry
4:5. Metaphorical spiritual-alertness sense needs explicit framing so the verse is not read as a warning merely against alcohol.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: svědění v uších (chtějí slyšet jen to, co je příjemné)
Transliteration: knēthomenoi tēn akoēn
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: fully literal ‘svrablavé uši’ alone, without explanatory clause
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Ministry
4:3. A fully literal rendering alone risks sounding merely comic; pair a clear image with an explanatory clause.
Suffer Together
Approved rendering: spolu trpět / podílet se na utrpení
Transliteration: synkakopatheō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: συγκακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
1:8, 2:3. Shares root with ‘kakopatheō’; keep terminologically linked.
Suffering
Approved rendering: utrpení
Transliteration: pathēma
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πάθημα
Category: Perseverance
1:12, 2:9, 3:11. Standard, but must retain gospel-specific framing where used.
Persecutions
Approved rendering: pronásledování
Transliteration: diōgmos
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance
3:11-12. Standard, stable word; theological framing (suffering for godliness in Christ) must not be flattened into generic hardship.
Last Days
Approved rendering: poslední dny
Transliteration: eschatai hēmerai
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Apostasy
3:1. Risk of a pop-culture ‘apocalypse/doomsday’ reading rather than the NT’s sense of the whole church age between Christ’s first and second comings; gloss on first use.
Difficult Times
Approved rendering: těžké časy
Transliteration: chalepoi kairoi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: χαλεποὶ καιροί
Category: Apostasy
3:1. Common Czech idiom for economic hardship; the moral-spiritual sense intended here needs explicit distinguishing.
Godliness
Approved rendering: zbožnost
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Apostasy
3:5. Stable but low-frequency word in secular Czech; needs live conceptual content built up, not assumed.
Lovers Of Pleasure
Approved rendering: milující rozkoš více než milující Boha
Transliteration: philēdonoi mallon ē philotheoi
Doctrine: Godly Love versus Self-Love and Love of the World
Original: φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι
Category: Apostasy
3:4. Rhetorical climax of the vice list; preserve the parallel ‘philo-’ structure in Czech.
Deceiving And Deceived
Approved rendering: svádějí a sami jsou sváděni
Transliteration: planōntes kai planōmenoi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι
Category: Apostasy
3:13. Standard; describes the self-reinforcing, escalating nature of false teaching.
Blasphemers
Approved rendering: rouhači
Transliteration: blasphēmoi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: βλάσφημος
Category: Apostasy
3:2. Czech has its own cultural-legal history around blasphemy as a former criminal-code/free-speech category; add clarifying phrase (‘mluví zle o Bohu’) to keep the theological referent primary.
Weak Women
Approved rendering: snadno ovlivnitelné ženy
Transliteration: gynaikaria
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ženušky, hloupé ženy (unnecessarily and gratuitously pejorative)
Original: γυναικάρια
Category: Apostasy
3:6. Focus on the situation (spiritual vulnerability exploited by predatory teachers) rather than an insulting label.
Turn Away
Approved rendering: odvrátit se
Transliteration: apostrephō
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέφω
Category: Apostasy
4:4. Standard; describes active rejection of apostolic truth.
God Remains Faithful
Approved rendering: on zůstává věrný
Transliteration: pistos menei
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
2:13. Assurance grounded in God’s character, not human performance; pedagogically important companion to 4:7-8’s reward language.
Christs Appearing
Approved rendering: příchod
Transliteration: epiphaneia
Doctrine: Christ’s Appearing and His Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: zjevení (collides with the biblical book title ‘Zjevení Janovo’ / Revelation), epifanie (rare literary/liturgical loanword, virtually unknown to general readers)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
4:1, 4:8, 4:18 (contextual). Prefer ‘příchod’ as the primary rendering; reserve ‘zjevení’ only with disambiguating context.
Immortality
Approved rendering: nesmrtelnost / neporušitelnost
Transliteration: aphtharsia
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
1:10. Standard theological vocabulary, unfamiliar category; teach alongside ‘vzkříšení.’ Must carry the full historic Christian sense (undying resurrection life for all believers), not a two-tiered afterlife scheme as in some minority-movement theology.
Abolished Death
Approved rendering: zlomit moc / zrušit
Transliteration: katargeō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: zrušit ve smyslu administrativního zrušení smlouvy/předplatného
Original: καταργέω
Category: Eschatology
1:10. Avoid the bureaucratic sense of ‘zrušit’ (cancel a contract/subscription); this is a decisive cosmic victory.
Charisma Gift
Approved rendering: dar [Boží]
Transliteration: charisma
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
1:6. Related to but distinct from the reused plural ‘duchovní dary’; note the singular, ordination-linked sense here (laying on of hands).
Mercy
Approved rendering: milosrdenství
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy in the Apostolic Greeting
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
1:2, 1:16, 1:18. Stable, low-collision Czech word for compassion toward the suffering; must be kept conceptually distinct from ‘milost’ (favor toward the undeserving) in the expanded greeting triad.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: láska
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Godly Love versus Self-Love and Love of the World
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
1:7, 1:13, 2:22, 3:4 (negatively), 4:8, 4:10. Everyday Czech ‘láska’ spans romantic/generic affection and is heavily saturated by popular song/film; the Christ-shaped, self-giving sense must be actively distinguished.
Honor Dishonor
Approved rendering: čest / ostuda (potupné užití)
Transliteration: timēn / atimian
Doctrine: Sanctification
2:20. Honor-shame dynamic; flag for native-speaker review as a cultural-dynamics passage, per baseline convention.
Youthful Passions
Approved rendering: mladické žádosti
Transliteration: neōterikas epithymias
Doctrine: Sin and Human Accountability
2:22. Standard; shares root with ‘epithymia’ in 4:3 (desires/cravings).
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: díkůvzdání
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Concept implicit at 1:3 (‘děkuji Bohu’); no direct noun occurrence.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: společenství
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Concept implicit in Paul’s network of co-workers throughout ch. 4.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:8.
Exhort
Approved rendering: povzbuzovat
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 4:2, paired with rebuke; register may lean toward the more formal ‘urge’ sense given the context.
Quarreling About Words
Approved rendering: hádat se o slova
Transliteration: logomacheō
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχέω
Category: Doctrine
2:14. Standard.
Gangrene
Approved rendering: sněť (jako rakovina)
Transliteration: gaggraina
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Doctrine
2:17. Either ‘gangréna’ or the more visceral ‘rakovina’ (cancer) is acceptable as a dynamic equivalent for the spreading-destructive image.
In Season Out Of Season
Approved rendering: ať je vhod nebo nevhod
Transliteration: eukairōs akairōs
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Ministry
4:2. Established idiomatic rendering in the Czech Bible tradition; retain.
Patience
Approved rendering: trpělivost
Transliteration: makrothymia
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
4:2. Standard.
Rescued
Approved rendering: vysvobodit
Transliteration: rhyomai
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Faithfulness in Suffering
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Perseverance
3:11, 4:18. Standard.
Impostors
Approved rendering: podvodníci / šarlatáni
Transliteration: goētes
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόης
Category: Apostasy
3:13. Standard.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: věrohodné je to slovo
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
2:11. Formulaic introduction to creedal/hymnic material recurring across the Pastoral Epistles; low risk once recognized as a recurring formula.
Fought Good Fight
Approved rendering: dobrý boj jsem bojoval
Transliteration: ton kalon agōna ēgōnismai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι
Category: Eschatology
4:7. Established phrase in the Czech Bible tradition; retain as-is.
Finished The Race
Approved rendering: svůj běh jsem dokončil
Transliteration: ton dromon teteleka
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα
Category: Eschatology
4:7. Standard, established rendering.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: spravedlivý soudce
Transliteration: ho dikaios kritēs
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Eschatology
4:8. Standard; shares root with ‘spravedlnost.‘
Reserved Reward
Approved rendering: je připravena / uložena
Transliteration: apokeimai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀπόκειμαι
Category: Eschatology
4:8. Standard; the reward is reserved in advance by God, not earned in the moment.
Conscience
Approved rendering: svědomí
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: συνείδησις
Category: God
1:3. Live, well-understood secular-and-religious concept in Czech; low risk.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apoštol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:1, 1:11.
Seal
Approved rendering: pečeť
Transliteration: sphragis
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
2:19. ‘The Lord knows those who are his’ — assurance amid apostasy; standard vocabulary.
Foundation
Approved rendering: základ
Transliteration: themelios
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2:19. God’s foundation stands firm despite doctrinal error; standard.
Vessel
Approved rendering: nádoba
Transliteration: skeuos
Doctrine: Sanctification
2:20-21. Standard metaphor for moral usefulness to the Master.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: hloupé spory / hádky
Transliteration: mōras zētēseis / machas
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2:23. Standard, continuation of the ‘avoid unprofitable disputes’ theme.
Gentle Patient
Approved rendering: vlídný, trpělivý (snášenlivý)
Transliteration: epieikē, anexikakon
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
2:24. Describes the required temperament for correcting error; standard.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: s tichostí / mírně
Transliteration: en prautēti
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
2:25. Manner of correcting opponents, avoiding harshness; standard.
Come To Senses
Approved rendering: vzpamatovat se
Transliteration: ananēphō
Doctrine: Repentance
2:26. Standard metaphor, shares imagery with ‘nēphō’ (4:5); the hoped-for outcome of gentle correction and escape from the devil’s snare.
Proper Names 2timothy
Approved rendering: Hymenaios a Filétos; Jannes a Jambres; Priska a Akvila; Erastos; Trofimos; Krescens; Titus; Marek; Karpus; Alexandr; Onezifor
Transliteration: various (Hymenaios kai Philētos; Iannēs kai Iambrēs; Priska kai Akylas; Erastos; Trophimos; Krēskēs; Titos; Markos; Karpos; Alexandros; Onēsiphoros)
Doctrine: General
1:16-18, 2:17, 3:8, 4:9-21. Standard Czech Bible transliterations; no theological risk beyond consistent spelling. Hymenaios/Filétos and Jannes/Jambres carry doctrinal significance as named examples of error/opposition (see resurrection_denial_error and form_of_godliness entries) but the names themselves require no special handling.