Core Glossary
Core Glossary — James 1–5
Purpose
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by curriculum doctrine, with the destination-language (Czech) rendering, doctrine-risk tier, chapter reference(s), and baseline-reuse status. Terms marked REUSE carry an existing entry in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and MUST use the exact recorded Czech rendering with no substitution. Terms marked NEW are established for the first time in this James curriculum and should be added to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins, per the baseline’s term-addition protocol.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation alters or destroys essential doctrine; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or comprehension failure; mandatory human theologian review.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding; automated review sufficient.
Doctrine: Faith and Works (James 2:14–26; cf. 1:22–25)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | víra | Critical | 1, 2 | REUSE | Same Critical-risk term as Romans; here specifically the faith being tested for genuineness. |
| works | ἔργα (erga) | skutky | Critical | 1, 2 | NEW | Direct doctrinal collision risk with baseline “ospravedlnění”; every occurrence in 2:14–26 requires a harmonizing note distinguishing James’s evidentiary sense from Paul’s forensic sense. |
| justification/justify | δικαίωσις / δικαιόω (dikaiōsis/dikaioō) | ospravedlnění / ospravedlnit | Critical | 2 | REUSE | Same Czech verb as Romans; sense here is demonstrative/evidentiary vindication of a professed faith, not initial forensic acceptance before God — mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην (elogisthē eis dikaiosynēn) | přičtená spravedlnost | Critical | 2:23 | REUSE | Direct Genesis 15:6 citation shared verbatim with Romans 4:3; MUST match the baseline rendering exactly and be cross-referenced to it. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | spravedlnost | Critical | 2, 3 | REUSE | Also appears as “fruit of righteousness” (3:18). |
| friend of God | φίλος θεοῦ (philos theou) | přítel Boží | High | 2:23 | NEW | Relational-intimacy title flowing from imputed righteousness, not a separately earned status. |
| doer of the word / hearer | ποιητὴς λόγου / ἀκροατής (poiētēs logou/akroatēs) | činitel slova / pouhý posluchač | Medium | 1:22–25 | NEW | Foundational thematic pairing anticipating the ch. 2 faith-and-works argument. |
| save (in the works-faith test case) | σῴζω (sōzō) | spasit / zachránit | Critical | 2:14 | REUSE | Must be understood as the same ultimate salvation taught elsewhere in the curriculum. |
| dead (of faith without works) | νεκρός/νεκρά (nekros/nekra) | mrtvý/mrtvá | Critical | 2:17, 20, 26 | NEW | Must be rendered identically at every occurrence within the passage for internal consistency. |
| show/demonstrate | δείκνυμι (deiknymi) | ukázat / dokázat | Critical | 2:18 | NEW | Must carry an evidentiary “prove,” not a causative “produce,” sense. |
| worked together with | συνεργέω (synergeō) | spolupracovat | High | 2:22 | NEW | Faith and works as cooperating partners, not independent co-causes of justification before God. |
| was perfected/completed | τελειόω (teleioō) | dojít naplnění / být dovedeno k cíli | High | 2:22 | NEW | Not correction of a defect; organic completion/maturation. |
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith (James 1:2–18; 5:7–11)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trial/temptation | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | zkouška (trial) / pokušení (temptation) | High | 1:2, 1:12–14 | NEW | Same Greek word, two senses within one chapter; “zkouška” collides with the ordinary Czech word for a school exam. |
| testing (of genuineness) | δοκίμιον/δόκιμος (dokimion/dokimos) | osvědčení víry | Medium | 1:3, 1:12 | NEW | Metallurgical refining image needs a gloss. |
| endurance/perseverance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | vytrvalost | Medium-High | 1:3–4, 12; 5:11 | NEW | Must be kept distinct from μακροθυμία/trpělivost. |
| complete/mature | τέλειος (teleios) | úplný / zralý | Low-Medium | 1:4 | NEW | Guard against a “sinless perfection” misreading. |
| double-minded | δίψυχος (dipsychos) | člověk dvojí mysli | Medium | 1:8 | NEW | No natural single Czech word; compound concept requiring a gloss. |
| desire/lust | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | žádost / touha | Medium | 1:14–15; 4:1–2 | NEW | Procreation metaphor (desire conceives, sin is born) should be preserved. |
| patience/longsuffering | μακροθυμέω/μακροθυμία (makrothymeō/makrothymia) | trpělivost | Medium-High | 5:7–10 | NEW | Must be kept distinct from ὑπομονή/vytrvalost. |
| the coming of the Lord (Parousia) | παρουσία (parousia) | příchod Páně | High | 5:7–8 | NEW | Eschatological doctrine with no Romans-baseline precedent; must be actively taught, not merely named. |
| the endurance of Job | ὑπομονή Ἰώβ (hypomonē Iōb) | vytrvalost Jóbova | Medium | 5:11 | NEW | Job narrative background needs a gloss. |
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above (James 1:5; 3:13–18)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom (from above) | σοφία (ἄνωθεν) (sophia [anōthen]) | moudrost (shůry) | High | 1:5; 3:13–17 | NEW | The “from above”/divine-origin qualifier must always be retained explicitly; secular Czech “moudrost” defaults to worldly cleverness/folk wisdom. |
| natural/unspiritual (soulish) | ψυχικός (psychikos) | přirozený, ne od Boha | Medium-High | 3:15 | NEW | Avoid the false-friend cognate “psychický” (clinical-psychological), which would mistranslate the sense entirely. |
| demonic | δαιμονιώδης (daimoniōdēs) | demonský | Medium | 3:15 | NEW | A genuine spiritual-worldview claim, not hyperbole. |
| bitter envy / selfish ambition | ζῆλος πικρός / ἐριθεία (zēlos pikros/eritheia) | žárlivost / sobecké ambice | Low-Medium | 3:14, 16 | NEW | Standard, transparent renderings. |
| peaceable, gentle, open to reason, without hypocrisy | εἰρήνη, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, ἀνυπόκριτος | pokojný, mírný, povolný, bez pokrytectví | Medium | 3:17 | REUSE (εἰρήνη=pokoj) / NEW (others) | Concrete character list; εἰρήνη reuses baseline pokoj. |
| fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης (karpos dikaiosynēs) | plod spravedlnosti | Medium | 3:18 | REUSE (δικαιοσύνη=spravedlnost) | Agricultural metaphor should be preserved. |
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor (James 1:9–11; 2:1–13)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| favoritism/partiality | προσωπολημψία (prosōpolēmpsia) | stranění osobám | Medium-High | 2:1, 9 | NEW | No natural single Czech word; needs a plain-language gloss. |
| glory (of the Lord Jesus Christ) | δόξα (doxa) | sláva | High | 2:1 | REUSE | High Christological title; guard against the worldly-fame secular-drift sense already flagged in the baseline. |
| poor / rich | πτωχός / πλούσιος (ptōchos/plousios) | chudý / bohatý | Medium | 1:9–11; 2:2–6; 5:1–6 | NEW | Stable vocabulary; risk is conceptual application, not lexical. |
| heir (of the kingdom) | κληρονόμος (klēronomos) | dědic (království) | Medium | 2:5 | REUSE (kingdom of God=království Boží) | God’s valuation inverts worldly status hierarchies. |
| royal law | νόμος βασιλικός (nomos basilikos) | královský zákon | Medium | 2:8 | REUSE (νόμος=zákon) | Connect explicitly to “law of liberty” (1:25). |
| transgressor of the law | παραβάτης νόμου (parabatēs nomou) | přestupník zákona | Medium | 2:9, 11 | NEW | Places favoritism in the same moral category as murder/adultery. |
| mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | milosrdenství | Medium | 2:13 | NEW | Distinguish from baseline milost (grace/χάρις) — related but not identical. |
| judgment | κρίσις (krisis) | soud | Medium | 2:12–13 | NEW | Connects to eschatological judgment themes in ch. 5. |
| wages of the laborers | μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν (misthos tōn ergatōn) | mzda dělníků | Medium | 5:4 | NEW | OT labor-justice background needs a brief note. |
| Lord of Sabaoth/hosts | Κύριος Σαβαώθ (Kyrios Sabaōth) | Pán zástupů (Sabaoth) | Low-Medium | 5:4 | REUSE (Κύριος=Pán) | Military/royal title emphasizing power to enact justice. |
| self-indulgent luxury | σπαταλάω/τρυφάω (spatalaō/tryphaō) | žít v rozkoších / hýřit | Low | 5:5 | NEW | Names the specific moral failure: excess amid others’ need. |
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue (James 1:19, 26; 3:1–12)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tongue | γλῶσσα (glōssa) | jazyk | Medium | 1:26; 3:1–12 | NEW | Metonymy (organ/speech) transfers naturally into Czech. |
| bridle/control | χαλιναγωγέω (chalinagōgeō) | držet na uzdě / krotit | Low-Medium | 1:26; 3:2 | NEW | Equestrian-control image transfers naturally. |
| tame | δαμάζω (damazō) | zkrotit | Low-Medium | 3:7–8 | NEW | Universal human moral inability, echoing Romans’ universal-accountability doctrine. |
| image of God | εἰκὼν θεοῦ (eikōn theou) | obraz Boží | Medium | 3:9 | NEW | Genesis 1:26–27 background needs explanation. |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος (didaskalos) | učitel | Low | 3:1 | NEW | Stable, unambiguous. |
| speak against / judge (a brother) | καταλαλέω / κρίνω (katalaleō/krinō) | mluvit zle o / soudit (bratra) | Medium | 4:11–12 | NEW | Ties speech ethics to presumptuous-judgment prohibition. |
| lawgiver and judge | νομοθέτης καὶ κριτής (nomothetēs kai kritēs) | zákonodárce a soudce | Medium | 4:12 | NEW | God’s exclusive authority to give and adjudicate law. |
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God (James 1:27; 4:1–17)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| world / friendship with the world | κόσμος / φιλία τοῦ κόσμου (kosmos/philia tou kosmou) | svět / přátelství se světem | High | 1:27; 4:4 | NEW | Ordinary Czech “svět” is morally neutral; the God-opposing sense must be actively taught every time. |
| enmity with God | ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ (echthra tou theou) | nepřátelství s Bohem | Medium | 4:4 | NEW | Force of the term should not be softened. |
| unstained from the world | ἄσπιλος ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου (aspilos apo tou kosmou) | neposkvrněný od světa | High | 1:27 | NEW | Introduces κόσμος’s negative sense, developed fully in ch. 4. |
| pure/undefiled religion | θρησκεία (thrēskeia) | zbožnost (čistá a neposkvrněná) | Medium-High | 1:26–27 | NEW | ”Náboženství” risks an institutional “them” framing opposite James’s point; “zbožnost” preferred. |
| envy | φθόνος (phthonos) | žárlivost | Low-Medium | 4:5 | NEW | Standard rendering. |
| spirit (disputed reference) | πνεῦμα (pneuma) | duch / Duch | High | 4:5 | NEW | Exegetically disputed; capitalization decision must be documented, given potential intersection with Critical-risk baseline term Duch svatý. |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | milost | High | 4:6 | REUSE | Direct Proverbs 3:34 citation; cross-reference to Romans grace passages. |
| humble / proud | ταπεινός / ὑπερήφανος (tapeinos/hyperēphanos) | pokorný / pyšný | Low-Medium | 4:6, 10 | NEW | Standard, transparent pairs. |
| submit to God / resist the devil | ὑποτάγητε τῷ θεῷ / ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ | podřiďte se Bohu / postavte se ďáblu na odpor | Medium | 4:7 | NEW | Complementary, not contradictory, postures. |
| devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | ďábel | Medium | 4:7 | NEW | A real personal spiritual adversary in the text’s own worldview. |
| vapor/mist (life) | ἀτμίς (atmis) | pára | Low | 4:14 | NEW | Image of life’s brevity/fragility. |
| if the Lord wills | Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ | bude-li Pán chtít | Medium | 4:15 | REUSE (κύριος=Pán) | A residual live idiom even among secular Czech speakers. |
| arrogant boasting | ἀλαζονεία (alazoneia) | vychloubání | Low | 4:16 | NEW | Presumption about the future apart from God’s will. |
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing (James 5:13–18)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sick/weak | ἀσθενέω (astheneō) | nemocný | Low-Medium | 5:14 | NEW | Standard, unambiguous. |
| elders of the church | πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας (presbyteroi tēs ekklēsias) | starší církve | Medium | 5:14 | REUSE (ἐκκλησία=církev) | Institutional-office concept needs a brief gloss. |
| anoint with oil | ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ (aleiphō elaiō) | mazat olejem | High | 5:14 | NEW | Strong collision risk with the Catholic sacrament of last rites (“poslední pomazání”); requires an explicit distinguishing note. |
| prayer of faith | εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως (euchē tēs pisteōs) | modlitba víry | Medium-High | 5:15 | REUSE (πίστις=víra) | Guard against a mechanical-formula misreading. |
| save/heal (the sick) | σῴζω (sōzō) | zachránit / uzdravit | High | 5:15 | REUSE | Deliberate physical/eternal overlap with 2:14’s usage; preserve the ambiguity rather than resolving it in only one direction. |
| effective prayer of a righteous person | δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη | modlitba spravedlivého, mocně působící | Medium-High | 5:16 | REUSE (δίκαιος=spravedlivý) | Confidence grounded in right relationship with God, not a transactional formula. |
| Elijah / of like nature | Ἠλίας / ὁμοιοπαθής (Ēlias/homoiopathēs) | Eliáš / člověk podobné povahy jako my | Medium | 5:17–18 | NEW (title/descriptor); proper name Low | Elijah’s ordinary humanity is the specific pastoral point. |
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration (James 5:16, 19–20)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| confess (sins) | ἐξομολογέομαι (exomologeomai) | vyznávat (hříchy) | High | 5:16 | NEW | Avoid the noun “zpověď” (strong Catholic sacramental-confession association); use the verb form to keep the mutual, non-priestly sense. |
| pray for one another | εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων (euchesthe hyper allēlōn) | modlete se jedni za druhé | Medium | 5:16 | NEW | Mutual, horizontal intercession pattern. |
| wanders from the truth / turn back | πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέφω | zabloudí od pravdy / obrátí se zpět | Medium | 5:19–20 | NEW | ”Truth” presupposes prior teaching about the gospel/apostolic content. |
| save a soul from death | σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου | zachrání duši před smrtí | Critical | 5:20 | REUSE (σῴζω) | Must be cross-referenced to baseline “spasení” and to 2:14’s opening question. |
| cover a multitude of sins | καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | přikryje množství hříchů | Medium | 5:20 | REUSE (ἁμαρτία=hřích) | OT idiom (Proverbs 10:12) for forgiveness. |
Foundational and Recurring Terms (all chapters)
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Czech rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός (theos) | Bůh | Critical | all | REUSE | Standard baseline term. |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Pán | Critical | 1, 2, 4, 5 | REUSE | Same capitalization-signal fragility noted in the baseline applies throughout James. |
| Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (Iēsous Christos) | Ježíš Kristus | Critical | 1:1; 2:1 | REUSE | Standard baseline term. |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Otec | Critical | 1:17, 27; 3:9 | REUSE | Includes the unique “Father of lights” title (1:17), needing a supplementary gloss. |
| servant/slave (of God) | δοῦλος (doulos) | služebník | Medium | 1:1 | NEW | ”Služebník” recommended over literal “otrok” to avoid unintended harshness; underlying sense is total submission. |
| dispersion/diaspora | διασπορά (diaspora) | rozptýlení (diaspora) | Low-Medium | 1:1 | NEW | Historical-background note needed, paralleling the Israel note in the Romans baseline. |
| church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | církev | Medium | 5:14 | REUSE | Standard baseline term. |
| prophet | προφήτης (prophētēs) | prorok | Low | 5:10 | REUSE | Standard baseline term. |
| kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ (basileia tou theou) | království Boží | Medium | 2:5 | REUSE | Standard baseline term. |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | pokoj | Medium | 2:16; 3:17 | REUSE | Note the weaker idiomatic “farewell” use at 2:16 vs. the character-trait use at 3:17. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | hřích | High | 1:15; 2:9; 4:17; 5:15–20 | REUSE | Standard baseline term; do not let the colloquial “shame/pity” secular drift flatten James’s usage. |
| word of truth / implanted word | λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος | slovo pravdy / vsazené slovo | Medium-High | 1:18, 21 | NEW | Seed-implantation metaphor needs unpacking. |
| firstfruits | ἀπαρχή (aparchē) | prvotina | Low | 1:18 | NEW | Agricultural-background note aids comprehension. |
| law of liberty | νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας | zákon svobody | High | 1:25 | REUSE (νόμος=zákon) | Sounds paradoxical in ordinary Czech; needs explicit unpacking. |
| orphans/widows | ὀρφανός / χήρα | sirotci / vdovy | Low | 1:27 | NEW | Concrete test case of true religion. |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ (Abraam) | Abraham | Low | 2:21–23 | REUSE | Standard proper name, shared directly with Romans 4. |
| Isaac | Ἰσαάκ (Isaak) | Izák | Low | 2:21 | NEW | Standard proper name. |
| altar | θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion) | oltář | Low | 2:21 | NEW | OT sacrificial-system background needs a brief note. |
| Rahab the prostitute | Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη (Rhaab hē pornē) | Rachab, nevěstka | Medium | 2:25 | NEW | Retain the blunt descriptor; the social-shock contrast with Abraham is the rhetorical point. |
| Job | Ἰώβ (Iōb) | Jób | Low | 5:11 | NEW | Standard proper name; narrative background needs a gloss. |
| Elijah | Ἠλίας (Ēlias) | Eliáš | Low | 5:17 | NEW | Standard proper name; narrative background needs a gloss. |
Risk Summary
| Risk tier | Count (new to this glossary) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 | Faith-and-works/justification collision cluster (works, justification-in-James, imputed righteousness, righteousness, “dead faith” wording consistency, save-a-soul-from-death cross-reference) |
| High | 15 | πειρασμός’s dual sense, σοφία ἄνωθεν, κόσμος/friendship with the world, νόμος τῆς ἐλευθερίας, glory, πνεῦμα at 4:5, παρουσία, ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ, σῴζω at 5:15, ἐξομολογέομαι, δέησις δικαίου, μακροθυμία, ψυχικός, ἄσπιλος ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου, προσωπολημψία |
| Medium | 32 | See individual doctrine tables above |
| Low | 15 | Proper names and stable, unambiguous vocabulary |
Note on review routing: all Critical and High risk terms above require mandatory human theologian review before Phase 2 segment approval, per the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json routing rules. This applies with particular force to every occurrence of δικαιόω/ospravedlnit within James 2:14–26, given the doctrinal collision risk with the Romans baseline’s justification-by-faith material.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu (např. ‘víra v sebe sama’, víra ve výsledek)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term víra locked exactly; do not substitute). Risk elevated from the baseline’s High to Critical specifically for this curriculum: James 2:14-26 examines a merely verbal, unaccompanied víra directly alongside the same ospravedlnění vocabulary the baseline already anchored to Romans’ forensic doctrine, creating a compounded risk that a reader with no prior framework concludes James contradicts Romans rather than examines a different question (genuineness vs. forensic ground).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: spravedlnost
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost výhradně v moderním občanském/právním smyslu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term spravedlnost locked exactly). Also appears in James 3:18 as ‘fruit of righteousness’ (plod spravedlnosti), an agricultural-metaphor extension of the same baseline term; ordinary Czech ‘spravedlnost’ still defaults to civic/legal fairness and the theological sense must not be re-flattened.
Justification
Approved rendering: ospravedlnění / ospravedlnit
Transliteration: dikaiōsis / dikaioō
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ospravedlnění pouze v běžném smyslu ‘obhájení’ nebo ‘omluvení’ určitého jednání, hledání odlišného českého slovesa pro Jakubův evidenční smysl namísto sdíleného slovesa s Římanům
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term ospravedlnění/ospravedlnit locked exactly; do not invent a separate Czech verb for James’s sense). HIGHEST-STAKES TERM IN THIS CURRICULUM: the identical Czech verb already carries Critical-risk Reformation content from the Romans baseline (forensic, by faith apart from works). Every occurrence in James 2:14-26 requires a mandatory, identically-worded theologian-reviewed harmonizing note distinguishing ‘justified before God’ (Romans, forensic ground, by faith alone) from ‘justified/vindicated before people and before the reality of one’s life’ (James, evidentiary demonstration of a genuine faith), since Czech has no separate lexeme for the two senses.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: spasení chápané pouze jako archaický, literární výraz z Bible kralické bez skutečného obsahu pro čtenáře
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term spasení locked exactly). James reuses the same verb family (spasit/zachránit) at 2:14 (‘can that faith save him?’), 5:15 (deliberately overlapping with physical healing), and 5:20 (the book’s closing echo of 2:14); all three must be recognized by the reader as continuous with the baseline’s Critical-risk salvation doctrine, not a lesser or different rescue.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: přičtená spravedlnost
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Abraham’s Justification and Imputed Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: spravedlnost vnímaná pouze jako výsledek vlastního mravního zlepšení
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term přičtená spravedlnost locked exactly). James 2:23 cites Genesis 15:6 verbatim, identically to Romans 4:3; this is the single highest-value harmonization point in the whole book, proving James affirms rather than rejects Pauline imputed righteousness. MUST use identical wording to the Romans occurrence with an explicit cross-reference note.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: James’s Self-Identification as a Servant of God and the Lord
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ ve smyslu běžného zdvořilostního oslovení (‘pane’), Jehova (sledování systematické substituce Překladu nového světa)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term Pán locked exactly). Same capitalization-signal fragility flagged in the baseline (Pán vs. everyday ‘pane’) applies throughout James, especially James 5:7-8 (parousia) and 5:14 (anointing ‘in the name of the Lord’), where ‘the Lord’ bears direct pastoral weight; the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Czech New World Translation’s Lordship-diminishing substitution pattern must never be echoed at any James occurrence of kyrios applied to Christ.
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Divine Fatherhood and Good Gifts
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term Bůh locked exactly).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: James’s Self-Identification as a Servant of God and the Lord
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term Ježíš locked exactly). See jesus_christ below for the compound title used at James 1:1 and 2:1.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term Duch svatý locked exactly). Directly relevant to the disputed πνεῦμα reference at James 4:5 (see spirit_disputed below); the capitalization decision there (duch vs. Duch) must never default without a documented, theologian-reviewed exegetical rationale, given the potential intersection with this Critical baseline term.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Ježíš Kristus
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: James’s Self-Identification as a Servant of God and the Lord
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
New compound entry for this curriculum, combining the baseline Critical-risk term Ježíš with the established Czech Bible-tradition form Kristus (not previously recorded as a standalone TM entry in the Romans baseline). Occurs at James 1:1 and, in the dense Christological title ‘our glorious Lord Jesus Christ’ (τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν τῆς δόξης), at James 2:1, asserting Christ’s deity and glory in a single compact phrase that must not be softened.
Works
Approved rendering: skutky
Transliteration: erga
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: skutky Zákona ve smyslu Římanům 3-4 (naplňování Mojžíšova zákona za účelem dosažení ospravedlnění)
Original: ἔργα
Category: Faith and Works
New to this curriculum; no Romans-baseline precedent. ‘Skutky’ is the natural Czech rendering but every occurrence in James 2:14-26 requires a harmonizing note distinguishing James’s concrete acts-of-mercy sense (feeding, clothing) from the ‘works of the Law’ Paul excludes from justification in Romans 3-4, since an unprepared reader may otherwise conclude the curriculum has reversed itself on works-righteousness.
Save Dead Faith Test Case
Approved rendering: spasit / zachránit
Transliteration: sōsai (sōzō)
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: pomoci / prospět (oslabení rétorické otázky)
Original: σῶσαι (σῴζω)
Category: Salvation
James 2:14’s rhetorical question: can a bare verbal claim to faith, without works, save anyone in the ultimate sense. Must be rendered so the reader recognizes this as the same ultimate spasení taught throughout the curriculum; James is not asking about rescue from a physical emergency.
Dead Faith
Approved rendering: mrtvý / mrtvá
Transliteration: nekros / nekra
Doctrine: Dead Faith versus Living Faith
Original: νεκρός / νεκρά
Category: Faith and Works
James’s thesis word (2:17, 2:20, 2:26): faith without works is not deficient faith but faith that is not authentic saving faith at all. Must be rendered identically at all three occurrences within the passage; force is easily missed (not misunderstood) by a reader with no prior category for ‘faith’ at all.
Show Demonstrate
Approved rendering: ukázat / dokázat
Transliteration: deiknymi
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: vytvořit / vyprodukovat (kauzativní smysl namísto evidenčního)
Original: δείκνυμι
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:18’s central verb: works are the evidence by which invisible faith is made visible, not the means by which righteousness is earned. Must clearly carry an evidentiary ‘prove/show’ sense rather than a causative ‘produce/create’ sense; this single verb is the linchpin for harmonizing James with Romans’ doctrine of justification by faith apart from works.
Save A Soul From Death
Approved rendering: zachrání duši před smrtí
Transliteration: sōsei psychēn ek thanatou
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20, the book’s closing statement, deliberately echoing 2:14’s opening question. Must cross-reference explicitly to the baseline’s Critical-risk spasení doctrine, or the reader will not recognize the book’s closing exhortation as continuous with its opening question.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Humility and Submission to God
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term milost locked exactly). James 4:6 directly cites Proverbs 3:34 (‘God gives grace to the humble’); must be cross-referenced explicitly to Romans’ grace passages (3:24, 5:2) for consistent teaching across the curriculum, and must continue to guard against milost’s ordinary Czech judicial-clemency sense as already flagged in the baseline.
Law
Approved rendering: zákon
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Neighbor Love
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term zákon locked exactly). James develops this baseline term into two compound phrases unique to this curriculum, ‘zákon svobody’ (law of liberty, 1:25) and ‘královský zákon’ (royal law, 2:8), both of which must be explicitly connected to each other for internal consistency.
Sin
Approved rendering: hřích
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Temptation and the Origin of Sin
Rejected alternatives: hřích s oslabeným, žertovným významem (např. ‘to je hřích nechat to jídlo vyhodit’)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term hřích locked exactly). James 1:14-15’s procreation metaphor (desire conceives, sin is born, sin brings forth death) must be preserved as a causal chain; do not let the baseline-flagged colloquial ‘shame/pity’ secular drift flatten this passage’s seriousness.
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term sláva locked exactly). Risk elevated to High for this curriculum to match the James-specific term registry: James 2:1 (‘our Lord Jesus Christ [the Lord] of glory’) applies this term as a dense, direct Christological title in a single collocation, requiring active guarding against the worldly-fame secular-drift sense already flagged in the baseline.
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Divine Fatherhood and Good Gifts
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term Otec locked exactly). Risk elevated to High for this curriculum to match the James-specific term registry, given the additional unique title ‘Otec světel’ (Father of lights, 1:17), which needs its own supplementary gloss (see father_of_lights below) beyond the baseline’s general divine-fatherhood teaching.
Friend Of God
Approved rendering: přítel Boží
Transliteration: philos theou
Doctrine: Abraham’s Justification and Imputed Righteousness
Original: φίλος θεοῦ
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:23’s honorific applied to Abraham. Linguistically simple in Czech but conceptually unfamiliar; must be taught as relational intimacy flowing from righteousness already credited by faith, not a separate achievement earning God’s friendship, to avoid reintroducing a works-based reading.
Worked Together With
Approved rendering: spolupracovat
Transliteration: synergeō
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: συνήργει (συνεργέω)
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:22 pictures faith and works as cooperating partners in Abraham’s life. Must be taught carefully so it is not read as implying works and faith are two independent, equally contributing causes of justification before God; faith remains the root, works the necessary fruit and partner.
Perfected Completed
Approved rendering: dojít naplnění / být dovedeno k cíli
Transliteration: teleioō
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: být opraveno / napraveno (implikace vady)
Original: ἐτελειώθη (τελειόω)
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:22: faith reaching its full, mature, intended expression through action, not correction of a defect. Must not be rendered with a Czech word implying Abraham’s faith was previously flawed.
Trial Temptation
Approved rendering: zkouška (trial) / pokušení (temptation)
Transliteration: peirasmos
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: jednotné použití jednoho českého slova pro oba významy
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Trials
Same Greek word carries two distinct senses in James 1: external hardship/trial (1:2-4, 1:12) and internal temptation to sin (1:13-14). Must be rendered with two different Czech words by context. ‘Zkouška’ risks strong secular drift toward the ordinary Czech meaning of a school exam; requires an explicit gloss distinguishing a hardship-of-faith metaphor from an academic-test metaphor.
Endurance
Approved rendering: vytrvalost
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: trpělivost (vyhrazeno pro μακροθυμία)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Trials
Active, patient perseverance under pressure (James 1:3-4, 1:12; 5:11), the positive fruit trials are meant to produce. Must be kept lexically distinct from μακροθυμία’s ‘trpělivost’ (forbearance toward people/delayed outcomes) throughout the whole book — a fixed, non-interchangeable pair.
Patience Longsuffering
Approved rendering: trpělivost
Transliteration: makrothymeō / makrothymia
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: vytrvalost (vyhrazeno pro ὑπομονή)
Original: μακροθυμέω / μακροθυμία
Category: Eschatology
James 5:7-10: patience specifically oriented toward waiting for the Lord’s coming, illustrated by a farmer awaiting harvest. Must be kept lexically distinct from ὑπομονή’s ‘vytrvalost’ throughout the whole book; collapsing the distinction would blur James’s deliberate pairing of forward-looking hope with present-tense perseverance.
Parousia
Approved rendering: příchod Páně
Transliteration: parousia (tou kyriou)
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: transliterovaná ‘parusie’ (zní jako odborný žargon)
Original: παρουσία (τοῦ κυρίου)
Category: Eschatology
James 5:7-8: the technical New Testament term for Christ’s promised future personal return. Genuinely new eschatological content with NO Romans-baseline precedent in this curriculum; must be actively taught narratively (who, what, when, why it matters), not merely named.
Wisdom From Above
Approved rendering: moudrost shůry
Transliteration: sophia (anōthen)
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: holé ‘moudrost’ bez kvalifikátoru ‘shůry’ jako stylisticky nadbytečné
Original: σοφία (ἄνωθεν)
Category: Wisdom
James 1:5; 3:13-17. Secular Czech ‘moudrost’ defaults to worldly cleverness or folk-proverb wisdom with no assumed divine source; the ‘shůry’ (from above) qualifier is the entire theological point and must never be dropped as stylistically redundant. Also guard against a live New Age/alternative-spirituality syncretism risk unique to contemporary Czech culture: ‘moudrost shůry’ must retain a specific, personal divine source (Bůh Otec, 1:17), not an impersonal cosmic or esoteric ‘higher wisdom’ framework.
Natural Unspiritual
Approved rendering: přirozený, ne od Boha
Transliteration: psychikos
Doctrine: False, Earthly Wisdom
Rejected alternatives: psychický (falešný příbuzný, klinicko-psychologický rejstřík)
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Wisdom
James 3:15: of ordinary human origin, not Spirit-given. The Czech cognate-sounding ‘psychický’ is FORBIDDEN — it is a false friend implying a clinical-psychological category foreign to the text.
Favoritism
Approved rendering: stranění osobám
Transliteration: prosōpolēmpsia
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: vzhlídání osob (archaická kralická forma bez glosy)
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 2:1, 2:9. No modern single-word Czech equivalent exists; requires a mandatory plain-language gloss at first use (‘dávat někomu výhodu jen pro jeho postavení, bohatství nebo vzhled’), or the doctrine’s central term risks communicating nothing at all.
World Friendship With World
Approved rendering: svět / přátelství se světem
Transliteration: kosmos / philia tou kosmou
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: κόσμος / φιλία τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Worldliness
James 4:4 (cf. 1:27). Ordinary Czech ‘svět’ is morally neutral (the planet, humanity, global community); the negative, God-opposing theological sense must be actively taught at EVERY occurrence, not assumed automatically.
Unstained From The World
Approved rendering: neposkvrněný od světa
Transliteration: aspilos apo tou kosmou
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Original: ἄσπιλος ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Worldliness
James 1:27: introduces κόσμος’s negative sense, fully developed in chapter 4. Must be read together with the fuller worldliness doctrine, since encountered in isolation it risks being read as merely about avoiding physical dirt.
Pure Undefiled Religion
Approved rendering: zbožnost (čistá a neposkvrněná)
Transliteration: thrēskeia
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Rejected alternatives: náboženství (institucionální, vnější rámec ‘co dělají jiní lidé’)
Original: θρησκεία
Category: Worldliness
James 1:26-27. ‘Náboženství’ in secular Czech usage denotes an external institutional category, exactly the opposite framing from James’s redefinition toward practiced compassion; ‘zbožnost’ is required as the primary rendering.
Spirit Disputed
Approved rendering: duch / Duch
Transliteration: pneuma
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: kapitalizace ‘Duch’ jako výchozí volba bez zdokumentovaného exegetického rozhodnutí
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: Worldliness
James 4:5’s genuinely disputed reference: the human spirit prone to envy, or the Holy Spirit’s own jealous zeal. Mainstream Czech landscape convention (ČEP, kralická) uses lowercase ‘duch’ (human-spirit reading); this must be the primary rendering, with the alternative documented in a translator note, never a silent default given the intersection with Duch svatý.
Anoint With Oil
Approved rendering: mazat olejem
Transliteration: aleiphō elaiō
Doctrine: Anointing with Oil
Rejected alternatives: poslední pomazání / pomazání nemocných (jako ekvivalent nebo glosa)
Original: ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14. LIVE RIVAL FRAMEWORK, not an absent one: strong collision risk with the Czech Catholic sacrament of ‘poslední pomazání’ (last rites/extreme unction), historically death-associated, the opposite pastoral expectation from James’s context of prayer for recovery. Mandatory explicit distinguishing note at every occurrence; use the verb form only, never a noun echoing the sacramental term.
Prayer Of Faith
Approved rendering: modlitba víry
Transliteration: euchē tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:15. Reuses baseline πίστις=víra; must be taught alongside the established faith doctrine, with a pastoral-sensitivity note guarding against a mechanical-formula misreading given real pastoral situations of unanswered prayer.
Save Heal
Approved rendering: zachránit / uzdravit
Transliteration: sōzō (ton kamnonta)
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: výhradně ‘uzdravit’ (jen fyzicky), výhradně ‘spasit’ (jen věčně)
Original: σῴζω (τὸν κάμνοντα)
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:15’s deliberate reuse of the same verb as 2:14 — physical healing, ultimate salvation, or both together. Must preserve the deliberate ambiguity/overlap with an explanatory note rather than resolving it artificially in only one direction.
Confess Sins
Approved rendering: vyznávat (hříchy)
Transliteration: exomologeomai (tas hamartias)
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: zpověď (podstatné jméno; silná katolická svátostná asociace)
Original: ἐξομολογέομαι (τὰς ἁμαρτίας)
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:16. LIVE RIVAL FRAMEWORK, not an absent one: Czech ‘zpověď’ carries a strong, specific, historically Catholic sacramental association (private auricular confession to a priest with priestly absolution). The verb ‘vyznávat’ is REQUIRED; the noun ‘zpověď’ is FORBIDDEN as a rendering of this term. Mandatory note affirming mutual, non-priestly, congregational confession.
Word Of Truth Implanted Word
Approved rendering: slovo pravdy / vsazené slovo
Transliteration: logos alētheias / emphytos logos
Doctrine: Divine Fatherhood and Good Gifts
Original: λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος
Category: Faith
James 1:18, 1:21: God’s word as the generative agent of new spiritual life and as a seed implanted in the believer. Both phrases require a brief gloss; the implanted-seed metaphor may need explicit unpacking for a reader with no gospel-narrative or sower-parable background.
Law Of Liberty
Approved rendering: zákon svobody
Transliteration: nomos teleios tēs eleutherias
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Neighbor Love
Original: νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας
Category: Covenant
James 1:25. Sounds paradoxical or self-contradictory to an ordinary Czech ear (law and freedom pull against each other colloquially); requires explicit unpacking distinguishing this from both civil legislation and from the Mosaic law as a means of earning righteousness, and must be explicitly connected to ‘královský zákon’ (royal law, 2:8) for internal consistency.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term církev locked exactly). James 5:14’s ‘elders of the church’ (starší církve) requires the institutional-office concept to be taught, since institutional-church literacy cannot be assumed for a secular reader; keep distinct from ‘kostel’ (the building) per the baseline’s existing note.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: království Boží
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term království Boží locked exactly). James 2:5 names the poor as heirs of this kingdom, a direct theological reversal of worldly status assessment; continue guarding against the fairy-tale-kingdom association flagged in the baseline.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Rejected alternatives: pokoj ve smyslu pouhého klidu či nepřítomnosti hluku
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term pokoj locked exactly). James adds a THIRD active sense beyond the baseline’s two (mere quiet vs. relational peace with God): James 2:16 uses ‘pokoj’ as a conventional, ironic parting blessing (‘go in peace’) offered instead of material help, while James 3:17 uses it as a character-trait of heavenly wisdom. All three senses must be disambiguated by context at every occurrence across the curriculum.
Intercession
Approved rendering: přímluva
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term přímluva locked exactly). James 5:16’s ‘pray for one another’ (modlete se jedni za druhé) connects to this baseline term, establishing a horizontal, non-hierarchical pattern of mutual intercessory prayer consistent with the baseline’s note that no strong live cultural competitor (e.g., saint-veneration) exists for this concept in secular Czech society.
Providence
Approved rendering: prozřetelnost Boží
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Divine Providence in Human Planning
Rejected alternatives: prozřetelnost v obecném, neosobním smyslu ‘osudu’ nebo ‘štěstí’
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term prozřetelnost Boží locked exactly). James 4:13-16’s ‘if the Lord wills’ (bude-li Pán chtít) is a practical, everyday application of this baseline doctrine; must continue to guard against the fatalistic, impersonal folk-secular framing of ‘osud’ (fate) or ‘štěstí’ (luck) already flagged in the baseline.
Doer Of The Word
Approved rendering: činitel slova / pouhý posluchač
Transliteration: poiētēs logou / akroatēs
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ποιητὴς λόγου / ἀκροατής
Category: Faith and Works
James 1:22-25’s foundational doer/hearer pairing, anticipating the chapter 2 faith-and-works argument. Must carry enough contrast in Czech to register as a foundational thematic pairing, not an isolated moral remark.
Testing Genuineness
Approved rendering: osvědčení víry
Transliteration: dokimion / dokimos
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον / δόκιμος
Category: Trials
James 1:3, 1:12: trials proving/producing the genuineness of faith, like fire refining metal. Needs a brief metallurgical-refining image gloss, since this is not an intuitive concept for a reader without biblical background.
Complete Mature
Approved rendering: úplný / zralý
Transliteration: teleios
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: dokonalý bez doprovodného vysvětlení (riziko čtení jako ‘bezhříšná dokonalost’)
Original: τέλειος
Category: Trials
James 1:4: the goal of endurance is a complete/mature character, not flawlessness. ‘Zralý’ (mature) is a worthwhile supplementary gloss to prevent an unattainable-perfection misreading.
Double Minded
Approved rendering: člověk dvojí mysli
Transliteration: dipsychos
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δίψυχος
Category: Trials
James 1:8: inward division, wavering loyalty between trust in God and reliance on self/doubt. No natural single Czech word exists; requires unpacking as a compound theological-psychological concept, not a familiar idiom.
Desire
Approved rendering: žádost / touha
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Temptation and the Origin of Sin
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Trials
James 1:14-15 (also 4:1-2): internal craving that ‘conceives’ and ‘gives birth to’ sin. The procreation-metaphor structure should be preserved rather than flattened into abstract causal language.
Endurance Of Job
Approved rendering: vytrvalost Jóbova
Transliteration: hypomonē Iōb
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ
Category: Eschatology
James 5:11 cites Job as the paradigmatic example of ὑπομονή. Job narrative background (a righteous man’s severe, unexplained suffering, and God’s eventual vindication and restoration) cannot be assumed as known and needs a brief gloss.
Demonic
Approved rendering: demonský
Transliteration: daimoniōdēs
Doctrine: False, Earthly Wisdom
Original: δαιμονιώδης
Category: Wisdom
James 3:15, the sharpest term in the false-wisdom triad. Must be taken seriously as a genuine spiritual-warfare claim, not hyperbolic insult language, given generally low background familiarity with a biblical spiritual-conflict worldview.
Wisdom Character Fruit
Approved rendering: pokojný, mírný, povolný, bez pokrytectví
Transliteration: eirēnē, epieikēs, eupeithēs, anypokritos
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: εἰρήνη, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, ἀνυπόκριτος
Category: Wisdom
James 3:17’s character-fruit list of heavenly wisdom. εἰρήνη element reuses baseline ‘pokoj’; the list should be rendered with concrete, everyday Czech adjectives rather than abstract theological jargon.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: plod spravedlnosti
Transliteration: karpos dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Wisdom
James 3:18. Reuses baseline δικαιοσύνη=spravedlnost; the agricultural metaphor should be preserved rather than abstracted away.
Poor Rich
Approved rendering: chudý / bohatý
Transliteration: ptōchos / plousios
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πτωχός / πλούσιος
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 1:9-11; 2:2-6; 5:1-6. Stable Czech vocabulary; the risk is conceptual application to a modern Czech congregational setting, not lexical ambiguity.
Heir Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: dědic (království)
Transliteration: klēronomos (tēs basileias)
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: κληρονόμος (τῆς βασιλείας)
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 2:5: the poor specifically identified as heirs of God’s promised kingdom. Reuses baseline království Boží; the theological weight (God’s own valuation inverts worldly wealth hierarchies) needs explicit teaching.
Royal Law
Approved rendering: královský zákon
Transliteration: nomos basilikos
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Neighbor Love
Original: νόμος βασιλικός
Category: Covenant
James 2:8: Leviticus 19:18’s neighbor-love command. Must be explicitly connected to ‘zákon svobody’ (law of liberty, 1:25) to show James’s internal law-vocabulary consistency.
Transgressor Of The Law
Approved rendering: přestupník zákona
Transliteration: parabatēs nomou
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Neighbor Love
Original: παραβάτης νόμου
Category: Covenant
James 2:9, 2:11: favoritism itself named a violation of the law. Needs a note that this places favoritism in the same moral category as murder/adultery, raising the moral stakes considerably.
Mercy
Approved rendering: milosrdenství
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: nahrazení baseline termínem ‘milost’ jako zdánlivě synonymním
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 2:13. Must be kept distinct from the already-established baseline term ‘milost’ (grace/χάρις); the two are related but not identical concepts (milost = unmerited favor establishing right standing; milosrdenství = active compassion shown to someone in need).
Judgment
Approved rendering: soud
Transliteration: krisis
Doctrine: Mercy and Judgment
Original: κρίσις
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 2:12-13. Divine evaluative verdict against which mercy is commended; connects to eschatological judgment themes developed in chapter 5.
Wages Of Laborers
Approved rendering: mzda dělníků
Transliteration: misthos tōn ergatōn
Doctrine: Economic Justice and the Oppression of Workers
Original: μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 5:4: withheld/unjust wages ‘crying out’ against exploiters. Old Testament labor-justice legal background (e.g., Deuteronomy 24:14-15) needs a brief note.
Lord Of Sabaoth
Approved rendering: Pán zástupů (Sabaoth)
Transliteration: Kyrios Sabaōth
Doctrine: Economic Justice and the Oppression of Workers
Original: Κύριος Σαβαώθ
Category: God
James 5:4. Reuses baseline κύριος=Pán; established Czech Bible-tradition rendering, with a parenthetical transliteration flagging the military/royal background of the title, which needs a brief gloss.
Tongue
Approved rendering: jazyk
Transliteration: glōssa
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Speech Ethics
James 1:26; 3:1-12. Czech ‘jazyk’ carries the same organ/speech double meaning as Greek, so the metonymy transfers naturally; the risk is register — preserve James’s vivid concrete images rather than flattening into abstract ‘communication ethics.‘
Image Of God
Approved rendering: obraz Boží
Transliteration: eikōn theou
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: εἰκὼν θεοῦ
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:9: humanity’s created dignity, grounding the sin of cursing fellow human beings. Needs brief explanation of the Genesis 1:26-27 creation background it presupposes.
Speak Against Judge
Approved rendering: mluvit zle o / soudit (bratra)
Transliteration: katalaleō / krinō (adelphon)
Doctrine: Judging and Speaking Against Believers
Original: καταλαλέω / κρίνω (ἀδελφόν)
Category: Speech Ethics
James 4:11-12: ties chapter 3’s tongue material to a specific prohibition against presumptuous judgment of a fellow believer. Should be noted as a direct callback.
Lawgiver And Judge
Approved rendering: zákonodárce a soudce
Transliteration: nomothetēs kai kritēs
Doctrine: Judging and Speaking Against Believers
Original: νομοθέτης καὶ κριτής
Category: Covenant
James 4:12: grounds the prohibition on judging others in God’s exclusive authority to give and adjudicate the law. Connects thematically to the law-of-liberty/royal-law material.
Enmity With God
Approved rendering: nepřátelství s Bohem
Transliteration: echthra tou theou
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Worldliness
James 4:4: names worldliness’s ultimate stakes. Force should not be softened.
Submit Resist
Approved rendering: podřiďte se Bohu / postavte se ďáblu na odpor
Transliteration: hypotagēte tō theō / antistēte tō diabolō
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Resisting the Devil
Original: ὑποτάγητε τῷ θεῷ / ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ
Category: Worldliness
James 4:7: twin imperative. Needs a brief note that submission and resistance are complementary, not contradictory, postures.
Devil
Approved rendering: ďábel
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Resisting the Devil
Original: διάβολος
Category: Worldliness
James 4:7. Stable in Czech, but given low general religious literacy needs to be affirmed as a real personal spiritual adversary in the text’s own worldview, not merely literary personification.
If The Lord Wills
Approved rendering: bude-li Pán chtít
Transliteration: Ean ho kyrios thelēsē
Doctrine: Divine Providence in Human Planning
Original: Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ
Category: Worldliness
James 4:15. Reuses baseline κύριος=Pán; a still-recognizable idiom in Czech religious/folk speech even among otherwise secular speakers, one of the few residual live cultural touchpoints in this book.
Elders Of The Church
Approved rendering: starší církve
Transliteration: presbyteroi tēs ekklēsias
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας
Category: Church
James 5:14. Reuses baseline ἐκκλησία=církev; needs a brief note on the concept of a recognized church leadership office, since institutional-church literacy cannot be assumed for a secular reader.
Effective Prayer Of Righteous
Approved rendering: modlitba spravedlivého, mocně působící
Transliteration: deēsis dikaiou energoumenē
Doctrine: The Effective Prayer of the Righteous
Rejected alternatives: transakční formulace (spravedlivost = automaticky vyslyšená modlitba)
Original: δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:16, illustrated by Elijah. Needs careful teaching that this is confidence grounded in a right relationship with God, not a transactional formula, paralleling rather than contradicting the justification-by-faith teaching of 2:14-26.
Elijah Of Like Nature
Approved rendering: Eliáš / člověk podobné povahy jako my
Transliteration: Ēlias / homoiopathēs
Doctrine: The Effective Prayer of the Righteous
Original: Ἠλίας / ὁμοιοπαθής
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:17-18. Elijah’s effective prayer attributed not to special status but to his shared ordinary humanity; the Elijah narrative (1 Kings 17-18) needs a brief gloss and this pastoral point must not be lost.
Pray For One Another
Approved rendering: modlete se jedni za druhé
Transliteration: euchesthe hyper allēlōn
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:16. Connects to the intercession vocabulary already established in the Romans baseline (přímluva); establishes a horizontal, non-hierarchical pattern of pastoral care.
Wanders From Truth Turn Back
Approved rendering: zabloudí od pravdy / obrátí se zpět
Transliteration: planēthē apo tēs alētheias / epistrephō
Doctrine: Restoration of the Wanderer
Original: πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέφω
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:19-20. ‘The truth’ presupposes prior curriculum teaching about the gospel/apostolic content it refers to; without that scaffolding a reader may take ‘pravda’ as a generic abstraction rather than the specific body of gospel teaching James has in view.
Cover Multitude Of Sins
Approved rendering: přikryje množství hříchů
Transliteration: kalypsei plēthos hamartiōn
Doctrine: Restoration of the Wanderer
Original: καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20. Reuses baseline ἁμαρτία=hřích; an Old Testament idiom (Proverbs 10:12) for forgiveness/covering of sin.
Father Of Lights
Approved rendering: Otec světel
Transliteration: patēr tōn phōtōn
Doctrine: Divine Fatherhood and Good Gifts
Original: πατὴρ τῶν φώτων
Category: God
James 1:17: a unique divine title emphasizing God’s changeless, generous goodness. Needs a brief explanatory gloss since its logic depends on the Genesis 1:14-18 creation-of-celestial-lights background, which cannot be assumed as known.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: služebník
Transliteration: doulos (theou kai kyriou)
Doctrine: James’s Self-Identification as a Servant of God and the Lord
Rejected alternatives: otrok (příliš tvrdá, negativní konotace v moderní češtině)
Original: δοῦλος (θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου)
Category: Church
James 1:1. ‘Služebník’ is recommended over the more literal ‘otrok’; the underlying sense is total ownership/submission, not mere employment.
Rahab The Prostitute
Approved rendering: Rachab, nevěstka
Transliteration: Rhaab hē pornē
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: eufemistické zmírnění popisu (ztráta rétorického kontrastu s Abrahamem)
Original: Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:25: James’s second, deliberately provocative faith-and-works case study, at the opposite social/moral extreme from Abraham. Must retain the blunt descriptor rather than a euphemism, since James’s rhetorical point depends on the social shock of the pairing.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: prorok ve smyslu věštce nebo jasnovidce
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (czech_term prorok locked exactly). James 5:10 cites the prophets as examples of patience under suffering.
Envy Ambition
Approved rendering: žárlivost / sobecké ambice
Transliteration: zēlos pikros / eritheia
Doctrine: False, Earthly Wisdom
Original: ζῆλος πικρός / ἐριθεία
Category: Wisdom
James 3:14, 3:16. Standard, transparent Czech renderings with minimal risk.
Self Indulgent Luxury
Approved rendering: žít v rozkoších / hýřit
Transliteration: spatalaō / tryphaō
Doctrine: Economic Justice and the Oppression of Workers
Original: σπαταλάω / τρυφάω
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 5:5: the specific moral failure of the condemned rich — excess amid others’ need.
Bridle Control
Approved rendering: držet na uzdě / krotit
Transliteration: chalinagōgeō
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: χαλιναγωγέω
Category: Speech Ethics
James 1:26; 3:2. Equestrian-control image transfers naturally into Czech.
Tame
Approved rendering: zkrotit
Transliteration: damazō
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: δαμάζω
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:7-8: even wild animals can be tamed, but no human being can tame the tongue — a stark universal claim. Should be cross-referenced to the baseline’s universal-human-accountability doctrine rather than left as a merely colorful proverb.
Teacher
Approved rendering: učitel
Transliteration: didaskalos
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
James 3:1. Stable and unambiguous.
Envy
Approved rendering: žárlivost
Transliteration: phthonos
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: φθόνος
Category: Worldliness
James 4:5. Standard, transparent rendering.
Humble Proud
Approved rendering: pokorný / pyšný
Transliteration: tapeinos / hyperēphanos
Doctrine: Humility and Submission to God
Original: ταπεινός / ὑπερήφανος
Category: Worldliness
James 4:6, 4:10. Standard, transparent Czech pairs.
Vapor Mist
Approved rendering: pára
Transliteration: atmis
Doctrine: Divine Providence in Human Planning
Original: ἀτμίς
Category: Worldliness
James 4:14: image of life’s brevity/fragility. Should be preserved concretely rather than abstracted.
Arrogant Boasting
Approved rendering: vychloubání
Transliteration: alazoneia
Doctrine: Divine Providence in Human Planning
Original: ἀλαζονεία
Category: Worldliness
James 4:16: presumptuous boasting about the future apart from God’s will.
Sick Weak
Approved rendering: nemocný
Transliteration: astheneō
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἀσθενέω
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14. Standard, unambiguous.
Dispersion Diaspora
Approved rendering: rozptýlení (diaspora)
Transliteration: diaspora
Doctrine: James’s Self-Identification as a Servant of God and the Lord
Original: διασπορά
Category: Covenant
James 1:1: the scattered Jewish-Christian community, James’s original addressees. Transparent but needs a brief historical-background note, paralleling the Israel-background note in the Romans baseline.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: prvotina
Transliteration: aparchē
Doctrine: Divine Fatherhood and Good Gifts
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Church
James 1:18: believers pictured as the first portion of a greater harvest God is bringing in. Low-frequency Czech word; a brief agricultural-background note aids comprehension.
Orphans Widows
Approved rendering: sirotci / vdovy
Transliteration: orphanos / chēra
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Original: ὀρφανός / χήρα
Category: Poverty and Justice
James 1:27: the paradigmatic vulnerable/dependent persons, the concrete test case of true religion. Stable, unambiguous terms.
Abraham
Approved rendering: Abraham
Transliteration: Abraam
Doctrine: Abraham’s Justification and Imputed Righteousness
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
New standalone entry for this curriculum (not previously recorded in the Romans baseline TM as its own term, though extensively discussed there via Romans 4). James 2:21-23’s second major faith-and-works case study, shared directly with Romans 4; note the direct cross-reference the destination audience will already have encountered via the baseline curriculum.
Isaac
Approved rendering: Izák
Transliteration: Isaak
Doctrine: Abraham’s Justification and Imputed Righteousness
Original: Ἰσαάκ
Category: Covenant
James 2:21. Standard proper name; the Genesis 22 background (a test; Isaac not actually killed) needs a brief narrative gloss.
Altar
Approved rendering: oltář
Transliteration: thysiastērion
Doctrine: Abraham’s Justification and Imputed Righteousness
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Covenant
James 2:21: the place of sacrificial offering. Stable in Czech religious vocabulary, though the Old Testament sacrificial system it presupposes needs brief explanation.
Job
Approved rendering: Jób
Transliteration: Iōb
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: Ἰώβ
Category: Eschatology
James 5:11. Standard proper name; the Job narrative background needs a brief gloss.
Referenced passages