Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Thessalonians (English → Czech)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans Language Package. Section A lists terms already established in the baseline translation_memory.json and reused here exactly, with citations to their occurrences in 1 Thessalonians. Section B lists terms newly introduced by 1 Thessalonians that must be added to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins. All risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and its routing convention: Critical and High require human theologian review; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only.
Section A — Reused Baseline Terms (verbatim rendering enforced)
| # | Term | Czech Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Thessalonians Occurrences | Notes Specific to 1 Thessalonians |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | gospel | evangelium | High | 1:5; 2:2, 2:4, 2:8, 2:9; 3:2 | No new risk; must still be actively defined at first use per baseline rule |
| A2 | grace | milost | High | 1:1; 5:28 | Epistolary frame; standard |
| A3 | faith | víra | High | 1:3, 1:8; 3:2, 3:5–3:10; 5:8 | Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit in each occurrence |
| A4 | church | církev | Medium | 1:1 | Addressed to “the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ” |
| A5 | holy | svatý | Medium | 4:8 (πνεῦμα ἅγιον); 5:26 (φίλημα ἁγίω) | — |
| A6 | saints | svatí | High | 3:13 | Corporate sense; reuse baseline note that this includes every believer, not a calendrical elite |
| A7 | sanctification | posvěcení | High | 4:3, 4:4, 4:7 | This is the definitional NT text for the doctrine — cross-reference as primary teaching passage |
| A8 | resurrection | vzkříšení | Critical | 1:10 (ἐγείρω); 4:14, 4:16 (ἀνίστημι) | Two distinct Greek verb roots must render to one consistent Czech term |
| A9 | lord | Pán | Critical | throughout (κύριος, very frequent) | — |
| A10 | son_of_god / jesus / god / father | Ježíš / Bůh / Otec | Critical | throughout | — |
| A11 | holy_spirit | Duch svatý | Critical | 1:5, 1:6; 4:8; 5:19 | 5:19 introduces the new “quench” phrase (see B26) |
| A12 | called / calling | povolaný / povolání | High | 2:12; 4:7; 5:24 | — |
| A13 | election | vyvolení | High | 1:4 | ”Knowing your election” |
| A14 | salvation | spasení | Critical | 5:8, 5:9 | Paired with the new Critical term “hope” (see B1) in 5:8’s “helmet of the hope of salvation” |
| A15 | kingdom_of_god | království Boží | Medium | 2:12 | — |
| A16 | glory | sláva | Medium | 2:12, 2:20 | — |
| A17 | peace | pokoj | Medium | 1:1 (greeting); 5:23 (benediction) | See B21 for the distinct, ironic third sense in 5:3 |
| A18 | gentiles | pohané | Medium | 4:5 | ”The Gentiles who do not know God” |
| A19 | thanksgiving | díkůvzdání | Low | 1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18 | — |
| A20 | exhort (mutual edification) | povzbuzovat | Low (flag Medium here) | 4:18; 5:11, 5:14 | In 4:18 the sense leans toward consolation in grief, not general encouragement — flag Medium for this book specifically |
| A21 | prophecy | proroctví | Medium | 5:20 | ”Do not despise prophecies” |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 1 Thessalonians
| # | Term | Original / Translit. | Czech Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Occurrences | Rejected Alternatives | Translation Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | hope | ἐλπίς / elpis | naděje | Critical | Hope in Grief | 1:3; 4:13; 5:8 | naděje used loosely without qualifying object | No baseline precedent. Ordinary Czech “naděje” is generic, uncertain, wishful hope (weather, exam results). The entire pastoral logic of 4:13’s “grieve not as those without hope” collapses if this distinction is not taught explicitly at first use, every time |
| B2 | love (agape) | ἀγάπη / agapē | láska | High | Sanctification / Hope in Grief | 1:3; 3:6, 3:12; 4:9; 5:8, 5:13 | láska used unqualified, without contrast to romantic sense | Overwhelmingly the Czech word for romantic/family love in ordinary use (song, greeting-card, Valentine’s culture). Must be actively distinguished as self-giving, covenantal, active love, not sentiment |
| B3 | brotherly love | φιλαδελφία / philadelphia | bratrská láska | Medium | Sanctification | 4:9 | láska alone (loses “family” specificity) | Narrower than B2; still requires the same core distinction from romantic love |
| B4 | the return of Christ (parousia) | παρουσία / parousia | příchod (“Pánův příchod” / “příchod Páně”) | Critical | The Return of Christ | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23 | ”druhý příchod” alone without gloss; “návrat” (return, weaker term, less established in ČEP tradition) | Established ČEP rendering. Entirely ordinary Czech word for any arrival (a train, a guest, spring). Zero inherent theological content — the single highest-priority new term in this curriculum. Must carry an explicit narrative gloss (“Kristův slavný, viditelný návrat na konci časů”) at every first substantive use per document, per baseline scaffolding rule |
| B5 | those who have fallen asleep (death euphemism) | κοιμώμενοι / κεκοιμημένοι | zesnulí | Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 4:13, 4:14, 4:15 | ”spící” (literal “sleeping,” loses death-euphemism register); “mrtví” (loses the intentional euphemism and its resurrection-hope connotation) | Rare case of a natural correspondence: Czech “zesnout/zesnulý” is already the standard obituary euphemism, paralleling the Greek metaphor closely |
| B6 | grief | λύπη / λυπέω / lypē, lypeō | zármutek / rmoutit se | Medium | Hope in Grief | 4:13 | flattened to “smutek” alone without the qualifying clause | Paul does not forbid grief, only hopeless grief — the qualifying clause must never be dropped in translation or teaching gloss |
| B7 | archangel | ἀρχάγγελος / archangelos | archanděl | Medium-High | The Return of Christ | 4:16 | none (established term) | Stable term, but contemporary fantasy/game culture has partially detached it into a generic power-trope; needs grounding in biblical angelology |
| B8 | trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ θεοῦ / salpinx theou | trubka Boží | High | The Return of Christ | 4:16 | ”trouba Boží” (risks the colloquial insult “trouba” = fool); bare “trubka” without gloss (risks the plumbing-pipe reading) | Two independent secular-collision risks converge on this single term; mandatory explanatory gloss every occurrence, never a bare noun |
| B9 | shout of command | κέλευσμα / keleusma | povel | Medium-High | The Return of Christ | 4:16 | ”rozkaz” (overly bureaucratic/military, loses majesty) | Ordinary association: commands given to dogs, basic military drill; requires register-raising gloss (“mocný povel Páně”) |
| B10 | caught up / rapture | ἁρπάζω (fut. pass. ἁρπαγησόμεθα) / harpazō | uchváceni (budeme vzati) | Critical | The Return of Christ / Resurrection of Believers | 4:17 | bare “uchváceni” without narrative gloss | Ordinary Czech sense of “uchvátit” = to captivate/enthrall (a film, a performance); mandatory narrative gloss (“budeme vzati a vyneseni do vzduchu”) every occurrence |
| B11 | meeting (the Lord) | ἀπάντησις / apantēsis | vstříc (Pánu) / setkání | Medium | The Return of Christ | 4:17 | ”jít vstříc” left unglossed (risks confrontational connotation) | Recover the original Hellenistic civic sense: a joyful, ceremonial welcome-procession for an arriving dignitary, not confrontation |
| B12 | cloud(s) | νεφέλη / nephelē | oblaka | Low | The Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Standard, low ambiguity |
| B13 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου / hēmera kyriou | den Páně | Critical | The Day of the Lord | 5:2 | left undistinguished from “neděle” (Sunday) | Unique two-directional collision: historically also denotes Sunday in Czech Christian tradition; must be actively and repeatedly distinguished from the weekly worship day |
| B14 | wrath | ὀργή / orgē | hněv (Boží hněv) | High | The Day of the Lord | 1:10; 2:16; 5:9 | left as bare “hněv” without qualifier “Boží” | Ordinary anger vocabulary; also survives as a hyperbolic secular idiom for extreme weather/disaster, risking a figurative/non-literal reading of the doctrine |
| B15 | affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις / thlipsis | soužení | Medium | Sanctification (suffering) | 3:3, 3:7 | generic “trápení” (loses faith-specific dimension) | Needs explicit tie to suffering for the faith, not generic life-hardship |
| B16 | idols | εἴδωλα / eidōla | modly | Medium-High | (background to Sanctification) | 1:9 | ”idoly” (risks the secular celebrity-icon sense) | Cognate loanword “idol” is common in Czech youth culture for celebrities; must be anchored to false-worship, not celebrity culture |
| B17 | Satan | Σατανᾶς / Satanas | Satan | Low-Medium | (background) | 2:18 | — | Stable, transliterated; avoid the colloquial-expletive register in formal material |
| B18 | sexual immorality | πορνεία / porneia | smilstvo | High | Sanctification | 4:3 | modern slang equivalents (register mismatch) | Comprehension risk (archaism), not mistranslation risk; needs a plain accompanying definition |
| B19 | vessel / body | σκεῦος / skeuos | tělo (nádoba) | Medium | Sanctification | 4:4 | literal “nádoba” alone (reads as a kitchen container) | Translator’s note required clarifying the body/self metaphor; note the minority scholarly “wife” reading |
| B20 | lust / desire | ἐπιθυμία / epithymia | žádostivost | High | Sanctification | 4:5 | ”žádost” (collides with the ordinary Czech word for a formal application/request, e.g. a job application) | Prefer the moralized derivative “žádostivost” to avoid the bureaucratic collision of plain “žádost”; gloss on first use |
| B21 | peace and security (ironic, false confidence) | εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια / eirēnē kai asphaleia | pokoj a bezpečí | High | The Day of the Lord | 5:3 | rendered without signaling the irony | A third distinct sense of “pokoj,” deployed ironically as a quoted slogan of false confidence; teaching material must flag the irony explicitly or risk a positive misreading |
| B22 | destruction | ὄλεθρος / olethros | zkáza | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:3 | — | Standard |
| B23 | birth pains | ὠδίν / ōdin | porodní bolesti | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:3 | left unglossed (risks a “positive new life” misreading) | Point is suddenness/inescapability of onset, not the joyful outcome of childbirth |
| B24 | sons of light / sons of day | υἱοὶ φωτός, υἱοὶ ἡμέρας / huioi phōtos, huioi hēmeras | synové světla / synové dne | Medium | Sanctification / The Day of the Lord | 5:5 | literal “synové” without idiom explanation | Hebraic “sons of X” idiom unfamiliar to secular Czech readers; needs a brief note distinguishing from literal offspring |
| B25 | sober / watchful | νήφω / nēphō | střízlivý / bdělý | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:6, 5:8 | resolving the deliberate literal/figurative double meaning into only one sense | Paul intentionally plays on literal sobriety (vs. 5:7’s literal drunkenness) and figurative alertness; preserve both |
| B26 | quench the Spirit | σβέννυμι (τὸ πνεῦμα) / sbennymi (to pneuma) | neuhašujte Ducha | Medium-High | Sanctification | 5:19 | — | Requires the same Trinitarian/pneumatological scaffolding baseline mandates for “Duch svatý” generally |
| B27 | soul | ψυχή / psychē | duše | Medium | (anthropology, undergirds Sanctification) | 5:23 | — | Used loosely in secular Czech idiom/poetry without settled theological content; introduce alongside “duch” and “tělo” as a coordinated whole-person claim |
| B28 | holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον / philēma hagion | svaté políbení | Low-Medium | Christian Fellowship | 5:26 | literal instruction to perform the custom without cultural note | Cultural-adaptation note required: the principle (warm, family-like affection) transfers; the literal greeting form is a first-century custom |
| B29 | blamelessly | ἀμέμπτως / amemptōs | bezúhonně | Medium-High | Sanctification | 2:10; 3:13; 5:23 | left unglossed (risks a “clean criminal record” misreading) | Standard Czech legal/administrative term for a clean record; risks a narrow legalistic misreading distinct from the fuller moral-spiritual sense intended |
| B30 | holiness (state) | ἁγιωσύνη / hagiōsynē | svatost | Medium-High | Sanctification | 3:13 | conflated silently with posvěcení | Must be distinguished from posvěcení (baseline’s ἁγιασμός = the ongoing process); teaching material should clarify these are related but distinct nouns |
| B31 | impurity | ἀκαθαρσία / akatharsia | nečistota | Medium | Sanctification | 4:7 | — | Pair explicitly with sanctification/posvěcení for the intended contrast |
| B32 | word of the Lord / word of God | λόγος κυρίου / λόγος θεοῦ | slovo Páně / slovo Boží | Medium | (undergirds all five core doctrines) | 2:13; 4:15 | treated as a vague appeal to piety | Authoritative revelatory claim; needs the same foundational explanation baseline requires for scriptural authority generally |
| B33 | steadfastness/endurance of hope | ὑπομονὴ τῆς ἐλπίδος / hypomonē tēs elpidos | stálost / vytrvalost naděje | Medium-High | Hope in Grief | 1:3 | treated as a term independent from B1 | Must be read together with the Critical “naděje” (B1) entry, not as an unrelated, weaker idea |
| B34 | armor: breastplate / helmet | θώραξ / περικεφαλαία | pancíř / přilba | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord / Hope in Grief | 5:8 | ”helma” (too modern/motorcycle-associated for přilba) | Concrete imagery; low doctrinal risk beyond linkage to B1 (naděje) and B2 (láska) already embedded in the verse |
| B35 | precede / go before | φθάνω / phthanō | předejít | Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 4:15 | ”dorazit” (loses the comparative “get ahead of” sense) | Must preserve the comparative/race sense corrective to the Thessalonians’ specific anxiety, not a bare “arrive” |
| B36 | shout / descent verbs | κελεύσμα, καταβαίνω | povel, sestoupí | Medium | The Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | See B9 for κέλευσμα; καταβαίνω itself is low risk, kept paired with “z nebe” |
| B37 | left remaining (the living) | περιλειπόμενοι / perileipomenoi | ti, kdo zůstanou (naživu) | Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 4:15, 4:17 | flattened to plain “živí” (loses “no head start” nuance) | Emphasizes the living have no advantage over the dead-in-Christ — Paul’s corrective point |
Risk Summary for 1 Thessalonians-Specific New Terms (Section B)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 5 (B1 hope, B4 parousia/příchod, B10 rapture/uchváceni, B13 den Páně, B8 shares High but flagged High not Critical — see note below) | Human theologian |
| High | 6 (B2 láska, B8 trubka Boží, B14 hněv, B18 smilstvo, B20 žádostivost, B21 pokoj a bezpečí) | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 6 (B7 archanděl, B9 povel, B26 neuhašujte Ducha, B29 bezúhonně, B30 svatost, B33 stálost naděje) | Human theologian (per baseline convention of routing Medium-High with High) |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 5 | Native/automated review |
Note on B8: the trumpet-of-God term carries two independent, unusually concrete collision risks (plumbing “trubka” and colloquial-insult “trouba”) and is listed at High risk in the term table; teams may elect to treat it as Critical given the concreteness of the comic-misreading risk documented above — this decision is flagged for confirmation in Phase 1 Step 2 (doctrine risk registry finalization).
Every chapter of 1 Thessalonians (1–5) is represented in this glossary; no chapter contributed zero new load-bearing vocabulary, so no “no new terms” notice is required for this book.
Critical Risk Terms
Resurrection
Approved rendering: vzkříšení
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀνάστασις (verbs: ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρω)
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians uses two distinct Greek verb roots (ἐγείρω at 1:10; ἀνίστημι at 4:14, 4:16) for the same doctrinal reality; both must render to the identical Czech term ‘vzkříšení’ so readers see Christ’s resurrection and believers’ future resurrection as one pattern, not two events. Further complicated by Easter’s (Velikonoce) secular folk-custom detachment (pomlázka) from doctrinal content.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pán
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pán s malým ‘p’ jako běžné zdvořilostní oslovení
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs with high frequency throughout 1 Thessalonians (κύριος); no new risk beyond the baseline’s honorific-collision note.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ježíš
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard, stable form throughout.
God
Approved rendering: Bůh
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous throughout.
Father
Approved rendering: Otec
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in the epistolary greeting (1:1).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boží
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1:10 (‘waiting for his Son from heaven’); basic Trinitarian categories cannot be assumed as background and may need brief accompanying explanation.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch svatý
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:5, 1:6; 4:8; 5:19. 5:19 introduces the new phrase ‘do not quench the Spirit’ (see quench_the_spirit entry below), requiring the same Trinitarian scaffolding the baseline mandates generally.
Salvation
Approved rendering: spasení
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: spasení chápané pouze jako archaický, literární výraz bez skutečného obsahu
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 5:8-9, paired with the new Critical term ‘naděje’ (hope) in the compound image ‘helmet of the hope of salvation’; must not be left as a bare archaic-sounding label without accompanying narrative content.
Hope
Approved rendering: naděje
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: naděje bez upřesňujícího doplnění (např. pouhá naděje na dobré počasí)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Hope
NEW term, no baseline precedent. Ordinary Czech ‘naděje’ denotes generic, uncertain, wishful optimism (weather, exam results, a sports team’s chances) — structurally the opposite of Paul’s point. Every occurrence (1:3; 4:13; 5:8) must carry a qualifying phrase such as ‘jistá naděje založená na Božím zaslíbení’ (a sure hope grounded in God’s promise). The single greatest new risk in this curriculum alongside ‘příchod.‘
Return Of Christ
Approved rendering: příchod
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ‘parusie’ (opaque theological jargon, contradicts general-readership register), ‘návrat’ (weaker attestation in the Kralice/ČEP tradition)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, no baseline precedent. Established ČEP rendering of παρουσία. ‘Příchod’ is the completely ordinary Czech word for any arrival (a train, a guest, spring) and carries zero inherent theological content — the single highest-priority new term in this curriculum. Must carry an explicit narrative gloss (‘Kristův slavný, viditelný návrat na konci časů’) at every substantive occurrence, not merely at first use (occurs 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23). Must positively exclude any invisible/already-begun (Jehovah’s Witness) reading.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: trubka Boží
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: trouba Boží (koliduje s hovorovou nadávkou ‘trouba’ = blázen), holá ‘trubka’ bez glosy (koliduje s instalatérskou trubkou)
Original: σάλπιγξ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Two independent secular-drift hazards converge: (1) ordinary Czech ‘trubka’ most commonly denotes a plumbing pipe/tube; (2) the closely related Kralice/liturgical word ‘trouba’ is one of the most common Czech colloquial insults, meaning ‘fool/idiot.’ Must be paired with an explanatory gloss every time (‘andělská trubka ohlašující Kristův návrat’) and never left as a bare noun. Occurs at 4:16.
Rapture
Approved rendering: uchváceni (budeme vzati)
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: holé ‘uchváceni’ bez narativní glosy, transliterovaná výpůjčka ‘raptura’ (importuje cizí žánrovou konotaci nepřítomnou v české biblické tradici)
Original: ἁρπάζω (fut. pass. ἁρπαγησόμεθα)
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Ordinary Czech ‘uchvátit’ most commonly means ‘to captivate/enthrall’ (a captivating film: ‘uchvátil mě ten film’). A reader could easily process ‘budeme uchváceni’ as ‘we will be emotionally moved’ rather than ‘bodily seized and carried up.’ Requires an explicit narrative gloss every time (‘budeme vzati a vyneseni do vzduchu’), never a bare verb. Occurs at 4:17. Do not narrow the universal all-believers scope (see JW two-tier class caution in translation landscape doc).
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: den Páně
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: den Páně necháno bez odlišení od neděle
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW term with a unique two-directional collision unlike any baseline Critical term. In Czech Christian tradition (Catholic and Protestant alike), ‘Den Páně’ has historically also denoted Sunday, the weekly worship day — a reader with residual church background may default to ‘Sunday’ rather than the future Day of Judgment; a reader with none will likely process no theological content at all. Requires active, repeated distinction from ‘neděle’ at every occurrence. Occurs at 5:2.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Thessalonians 1:5; 2:2, 2:4, 2:8-9; 3:2. This book additionally stresses the costliness and sincerity of gospel proclamation (contrasted with flattery or financial motive, 2:2-9); preserve this nuance, not just the bare term, at first substantive use.
Grace
Approved rendering: milost
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in the epistolary greeting (1:1) and closing benediction (5:28); no new risk beyond the baseline’s judicial-clemency collision note.
Faith
Approved rendering: víra
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: víra v obecném slova smyslu (např. víra v sebe sama)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians faith is repeatedly paired with love and hope (1:3; 5:8) as a triad; the object of faith must remain explicit each time to avoid the secular Czech reading of ‘víra’ as generic self-confidence.
Saints
Approved rendering: svatí
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: svatí výhradně jako historické, kanonizované osobnosti
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 3:13 (‘all his saints’), reinforcing the baseline note that this designates every believer corporately, not a calendrical elite of historical name-day figures.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: posvěcení
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: posvěcení výhradně jako rituální/symbolický akt (např. posvěcení kostela)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians 4:3 (‘this is the will of God, your sanctification’) is Scripture’s own explicit definitional statement of this doctrine and must serve as the primary cross-reference teaching text for ‘posvěcení’ throughout the wider curriculum, overriding the dominant everyday building-blessing association. Occurs at 4:3, 4:4, 4:7.
Called
Approved rendering: povolaný
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 5:24; must be actively distinguished from the dominant secular-vocational sense of ‘povolání’ (‘what’s your job’).
Calling
Approved rendering: povolání
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: povolání výhradně ve smyslu civilního zaměstnání či profese
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:12 and 4:7.
Election
Approved rendering: vyvolení
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: vyvolení v běžném, sekulárním smyslu úspěchu nebo výběru
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:4 (‘knowing your election’); must be distinguished from the competitive-selection secular sense (a job interview, a sports tryout).
Steadfastness Of Hope
Approved rendering: stálost naděje
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: vytrvalost jako samostatná, obecná ctnost odtržená od naděje
Original: ὑπομονὴ τῆς ἐλπίδος
Category: Hope
NEW term. Occurs at 1:3. Must always be taught paired with the Critical ‘naděje’ entry, never presented as an independent, weaker virtue.
Love
Approved rendering: láska
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Christian Affection
Rejected alternatives: láska bez kontrastu k romantickému významu
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Love
NEW term, no baseline precedent (Romans curriculum did not require this term). Overwhelmingly the ordinary Czech word for romantic and family love (song lyrics, greeting cards, Valentine’s culture). Must be actively distinguished as self-giving, covenantal, active love, not sentiment, at first substantive use (1:3) and reinforced at every subsequent occurrence (3:6, 3:12; 4:9; 5:8, 5:13).
Archangel
Approved rendering: archanděl
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Occurs at 4:16. Stable, established Czech word, but contemporary fantasy/game/film culture has partially detached it into a generic supernatural-power trope; needs brief grounding in biblical angelology, not genre imagery.
Shout Of Command
Approved rendering: povel
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: rozkaz (příliš byrokratický/vojenský, ztrácí majestátnost)
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Ordinary contemporary Czech ‘povel’ is most immediately associated with commands given to a dog (‘povel k sednutí’) or basic military drill; requires a register-raising gloss (‘mocný povel Páně’). Occurs at 4:16.
Wrath
Approved rendering: hněv (Boží hněv)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: holý ‘hněv’ bez přívlastku ‘Boží’
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this book (no direct baseline entry). Ordinary Czech ‘hněv’ is common everyday-anger vocabulary; ‘boží hněv’ also survives colloquially as a hyperbolic idiom for extreme weather/disaster (‘to je ale boží hněv’), risking a figurative, non-literal reading of a literal future judgment. Occurs at 1:10; 2:16; 5:9.
Peace And Security
Approved rendering: pokoj a bezpečí
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: vykreslení bez signalizace ironie (čtenář to přečte jako pozitivní slib)
Original: εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. A third, distinct sense of ‘pokoj,’ deployed ironically as a quoted slogan of false confidence (echoing Roman imperial propaganda). Must be flagged explicitly as an ironic quotation, not Paul’s own promise, or Czech readers will very plausibly read it as positive. Occurs at 5:3.
Idols
Approved rendering: modly
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: výpůjčka ‘idol’ (koliduje s celebritní/popkulturní konotací)
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Sin
NEW term. The cognate loanword ‘idol’ is common in secular Czech youth culture for celebrities and pop stars (‘pop idol’), risking a trivialized reading that misses the false-worship sense entirely. Occurs at 1:9.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: smilstvo
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as an Expression of Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ČEP ‘necudnost’ (příliš měkký, dobově otupený eufemismus), moderní slangové výrazy (registrový nesoulad)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
NEW term. Established but increasingly archaic/literary Czech word with low everyday recognition among younger, highly secular readers; the comprehension risk here is unfamiliarity, not mistranslation, and requires an accompanying plain definition. Occurs at 4:3.
Desire
Approved rendering: žádostivost
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as an Expression of Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ‘žádost’ (koliduje s běžným úředním významem ‘formální žádost/přihláška’, např. žádost o práci)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
NEW term. The more common cognate ‘žádost’ is the ordinary Czech word for a formal written application or request, risking an almost comic bureaucratic misreading; the moralized derivative ‘žádostivost’ largely avoids this collision but is less common and should be glossed on first use. Occurs at 4:5.
Quench The Spirit
Approved rendering: neuhašujte Ducha
Doctrine: Quenching the Spirit
Original: σβέννυμι (τὸ πνεῦμα)
Category: God
NEW term. The fire-extinguishing imagery is vivid, but the underlying pneumatological claim — a real, resistible, personal Spirit at work in the community — needs the same foundational Trinitarian scaffolding the baseline requires generally for ‘Duch svatý.’ Occurs at 5:19.
Blamelessly
Approved rendering: bezúhonně
Doctrine: Christ-Centered Gospel Ministry / Sanctification
Original: ἀμέμπτως
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. ‘Bezúhonně/bezúhonnost’ is the standard Czech legal/administrative term for a clean criminal record (required for many jobs); a secular reader risks reading Paul’s claim as ‘I never broke the law’ rather than the fuller moral-spiritual integrity intended. Occurs at 2:10; 3:13; 5:23.
Holiness State
Approved rendering: svatost
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: tiché ztotožnění s ‘posvěcení’ bez rozlišení
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. Must be actively distinguished from ‘posvěcení’ (the baseline’s ongoing-process term) so readers do not silently treat the two related Czech nouns as synonyms or, worse, as unrelated ideas. Occurs at 3:13.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: církev
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: kostel (budova) namísto společenství věřících
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1, addressed to ‘the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: svatý
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:8 (Holy Spirit) and 5:26 (holy kiss).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: království Boží
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:12; guard against fairy-tale-kingdom association.
Glory
Approved rendering: sláva
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sláva ve smyslu světské slávy či úspěchu
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:12 and 2:20; distinguish from worldly fame.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokoj
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: pokoj ve smyslu pouhého klidu či nepřítomnosti hluku
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in the epistolary greeting (1:1) and benediction (5:23). Kept distinct from the new, third, ironic sense at 5:3 (see peace_and_security entry below), which must never be conflated with this covenantal/greeting sense.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pohané
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:5, ‘the Gentiles who do not know God.‘
Exhort
Approved rendering: povzbuzovat
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; risk raised from Low (baseline) to Medium specifically for this book. At 4:18 the sense leans toward consolation of the bereaved, not general encouragement; render that occurrence with a grief-specific gloss (‘utěšujte se’) distinct from the more general senses at 5:11, 5:14.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctví
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Prophecy in the Church
Rejected alternatives: proroctví jako věštba nebo předpověď budoucnosti
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 5:20, ‘do not despise prophecies’; guard against the popular fortune-telling/trend-prediction association of ‘prorokovat.‘
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: bratrská láska
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Christian Affection
Rejected alternatives: láska samotná (ztrácí specifický ‘rodinný’ rozměr)
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Christian Love
NEW term. Occurs at 4:9. Narrower than plain ‘láska’ but still requires the same core distinction from the romantic default reading.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: zesnulí
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: spící (ztrácí smrtelný eufemismus), mrtví (ztrácí eufemistickou nadějnou konotaci)
Original: κοιμώμενοι / κεκοιμημένοι
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Rare case of natural correspondence: Czech ‘zesnout/zesnulý’ is already the standard obituary euphemism. The doctrinal reason for the euphemism (resurrection is certain) must still be taught explicitly. Occurs at 4:13, 4:14, 4:15.
Grief
Approved rendering: zármutek / rmoutit se
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: smutek samotné bez omezující věty
Original: λύπη / λυπέω
Category: Hope
NEW term. Occurs at 4:13. Paul does not forbid grief itself, only hopeless grief — the qualifying clause (‘as others who have no hope’) must never be dropped or softened.
Meeting The Lord
Approved rendering: vstříc (Pánu) / setkání
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ‘vstříc’ bez kulturní poznámky (riskuje konfrontační podtón)
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Ordinary Czech ‘jít vstříc’ is most often used for facing something difficult (‘jít problémům vstříc’); needs a brief cultural note recovering the original Hellenistic civic sense of a joyful, ceremonial welcome-procession for an arriving dignitary. Occurs at 4:17.
Destruction
Approved rendering: zkáza
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὄλεθρος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Occurs at 5:3. Sudden, total ruin overtaking the falsely secure.
Birth Pains
Approved rendering: porodní bolesti
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὠδίν
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The underlying image (childbirth) carries strongly positive associations in Czech; teaching material must clarify Paul’s point is the suddenness/inescapability of onset, not a positive outcome. Occurs at 5:3.
Sons Of Light
Approved rendering: synové světla / synové dne
Doctrine: Assurance and Watchfulness
Rejected alternatives: literální ‘synové’ bez vysvětlení hebraismu
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός, υἱοὶ ἡμέρας
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Hebraic ‘sons of X’ idiom is unfamiliar to a general secular Czech reader and risks a literal-offspring misreading without a brief note on Hebraic idiom convention. Occurs at 5:5.
Sober
Approved rendering: střízlivý / bdělý
Doctrine: Assurance and Watchfulness
Rejected alternatives: zúžení pouze na jeden význam (buď literální, nebo obrazný)
Original: νήφω
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Paul intentionally plays on both literal sobriety (contrasted with 5:7’s literal drunkenness) and figurative alertness; the Czech rendering should preserve, not resolve, this double meaning. Occurs at 5:6, 5:8.
Armor
Approved rendering: pancíř / přilba
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ‘helma’ (příliš moderní, motocyklová konotace)
Original: θώραξ / περικεφαλαία
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Occurs at 5:8. Concrete military-armor imagery; low doctrinal risk in itself but should be linked back explicitly to the Critical ‘naděje’ and High ‘láska’ entries already embedded in the verse.
Precede
Approved rendering: předejít
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ‘dorazit’ (ztrácí srovnávací smysl ‘předběhnout’)
Original: φθάνω
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. A literal ‘dorazit’ (simply arrive) loses Paul’s comparative point entirely; must preserve the sense of a race/order corrective to the Thessalonians’ specific anxiety. Occurs at 4:15.
Left Remaining
Approved rendering: ti, kdo zůstanou (naživu)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: zploštění na pouhé ‘živí’ (ztrácí nuanci ‘žádná výhoda’)
Original: περιλειπόμενοι
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Flattening to plain ‘živí’ (the living) loses the specific ‘no head start’ nuance that corrects the Thessalonians’ anxiety about the dead being at a disadvantage. Occurs at 4:15, 4:17.
Affliction
Approved rendering: soužení
Doctrine: Suffering for the Faith
Rejected alternatives: obecné ‘trápení’ (ztrácí rozměr utrpení pro víru)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. Ordinary usage can flatten ‘soužení’ to generic life-hardship without the specifically faith-related dimension Paul intends. Occurs at 3:3, 3:7.
Satan
Approved rendering: Satan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW term. Stable, transliterated Czech form, but ‘satan’ also functions as a mild colloquial expletive/insult in everyday speech (‘ty satane’); formal teaching material must avoid that register. Occurs at 2:18; 3:5 (as ‘the tempter,’ pokušitel).
Body Vessel
Approved rendering: tělo (nádoba)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: holá ‘nádoba’ bez poznámky (zní jako kuchyňský předmět)
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. A literal rendering ‘nádoba’ (an ordinary kitchen container) reads oddly and requires a translator’s note clarifying the body/self metaphor and the minority scholarly ‘wife’ reading. Occurs at 4:4.
Impurity
Approved rendering: nečistota
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἀκαθαρσία
Category: Sin
NEW term. Ordinary word, low ambiguity in itself, but should be explicitly paired with ‘posvěcení’ for the intended contrast to register. Occurs at 4:7.
Soul
Approved rendering: duše
Doctrine: Whole-Person Sanctification
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
NEW term, no baseline precedent. ‘Duše’ is used broadly and often loosely in secular Czech idiom/poetry without settled theological content; should be introduced alongside ‘duch’ and ‘tělo’ as a coordinated whole-person claim, not three unrelated words. Occurs at 5:23.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: svaté políbení
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: doslovná instrukce provést zvyk bez kulturní poznámky
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW term. Doctrinal content is low-risk, but the cultural gap is real — contemporary Czech greeting customs do not include kissing among unrelated adults in a church setting; note that the principle (warm, family-like affection) transfers, not the literal first-century form. Occurs at 5:26.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: slovo Páně / slovo Boží
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture / Authority of the Apostolic Word
Rejected alternatives: vágní odkaz na zbožnost bez nároku na autoritu
Original: λόγος κυρίου / λόγος θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW term for this book. Needs the same foundational explanation the baseline requires for scriptural authority generally, since familiarity with the Bible’s claimed authority cannot be assumed. Occurs at 2:13 and 4:15.
Quiet Living
Approved rendering: žít pokojně / v tichosti
Doctrine: Quiet, Productive Christian Living
Original: ἡσυχάζειν
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. Low doctrinal ambiguity, but should be explicitly tied back to the sanctification doctrine so it is not read as generic secular productivity/self-help advice. Occurs at 4:11.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: díkůvzdání
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18.
Clouds
Approved rendering: oblaka
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: νεφέλαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Standard, low ambiguity. Occurs at 4:17. Echoes OT cloud-theophany imagery, not merely weather.
Descend
Approved rendering: sestoupí
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
NEW term. Occurs at 4:16. Ordinary, low-ambiguity verb; keep paired with ‘z nebe’ (from heaven) to preserve the visible, spatial claim of Christ’s personal descent.
Referenced passages