Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: الكنيسة
Transliteration: al-kanīsah
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: الجماعة, الأمة

Inherited from Romans package. ἐκκλησία does not occur in Mark (unlike Matthew 16:18); retained for cross-curriculum consistency. Never substitute الأمة (the pan-Islamic ummah term).

---

Covenant

Approved rendering: العهد
Transliteration: al-‘ahd
Doctrine: Atonement and the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: الميثاق
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Climactically invoked at the Last Supper’s ‘blood of the covenant’ (14:24, see new term ‘blood_of_the_covenant’ below), directly echoing Exodus 24:8 and tying to the ransom theology of 10:45.

---

David

Approved rendering: داود
Transliteration: Dāwūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at the Sabbath controversy’s appeal to David eating the showbread (2:25-26), Bartimaeus’s cry (10:47-48), and the Davidic-messiah debate (12:35-37). The Qur’anic Dawud is positively regarded but lacks the covenant-typology background; must be supplied explicitly.

---

Fellowship

Approved rendering: الشركة
Transliteration: al-sharikah
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: الزمالة, الجماعة

Inherited from Romans package. κοινωνία is not used in Mark’s own vocabulary; retained for cross-curriculum consistency. Avoid pairing with vocabulary suggesting the shirk-adjacent ش-ر-ك root resonance, per baseline caution.

---

Gentiles

Approved rendering: الأمم
Transliteration: al-umam
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: الكفار
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at the Syrophoenician woman’s episode (7:24-30), the temple’s designation as ‘a house of prayer for all the nations’ (11:17, citing Isaiah 56:7), and 10:33, 42; 13:10. Never substitute الكفار.

---

Holy

Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: muqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: طاهر

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant in Mark at 1:24 (the unclean spirit’s confession, ‘I know who you are, the Holy One of God’) and 6:20 (Herod regarding John as ‘a righteous and holy man’). Retain the relational, set-apart-for-God sense; avoid طاهر’s ritual-purity connotation.

---

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: ملكوت الله
Transliteration: malakūt Allāh
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Breaking In
Rejected alternatives: مملكة الله
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Mark 1:15’s perfect tense (‘has drawn near,’ اقترب) introduces the already/not-yet tension carried throughout (4:11, 4:26-32, 9:1, 9:47, 10:14-15, 12:34, 14:25, 15:43). Preserve present in-breaking against both a purely future collapse and a khilafah-style political-state reading.

---

Mission

Approved rendering: الإرسالية
Transliteration: al-irsāliyyah
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: الرسالة
Original: ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Mark 6:7-13’s sending of the Twelve is the founding narrative instance. Avoid risālah-style vocabulary that would invite comparison to Muhammad’s own prophetic commission, per baseline caution.

---

Peace

Approved rendering: السلام
Transliteration: al-salām
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: الأمان, الطمأنينة

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant in Mark at 4:39 (Jesus commands the storm, ‘Peace! Be still!’), 5:34 (‘go in peace’), and 9:50 (‘have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another’). Retain the relational/legal sense secured through Jesus’s authority and word, not merely subjective calm (Sufi/Quranic tuma’ninah).

---

Power Of God

Approved rendering: قوة الله
Transliteration: quwwat Allāh
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature
Original: δύναμις
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the healing and nature-miracle accounts throughout Mark (5:30, 6:2, 9:1, 12:24). Distinct from σημεῖον (‘sign,’ see new term ‘sign’ below), which carries a higher, different collision risk (Qur’anic āyah).

---

Providence

Approved rendering: العناية الإلهية
Transliteration: al-‘ināyah al-ilāhiyyah
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Necessity
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: δεῖ (implicit purposive plan)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Mark 10:40’s ‘prepared’ places of honor and 14:21, 49’s ‘as it is written’ framing of the passion both invoke a personal, purposive redemptive plan; must not collapse into impersonal folk-qadar fatalism.

---

Saints

Approved rendering: القديسون
Transliteration: al-qiddīsūn
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: الأولياء

Inherited from Romans package. Not an independently load-bearing narrative term in Mark (a Pauline-epistle corporate designation); retained for cross-curriculum consistency. Never substitute الأولياء (Sufi ‘friends of God’).

---

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: المواهب الروحية
Transliteration: al-mawāhib al-rūḥiyyah
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: المواهب

Inherited from Romans package. Not an independently load-bearing narrative category in Mark; retained for cross-curriculum consistency only.