Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 1 Peter (Full Book)
Legend: Status = REUSE (rendering fixed by baseline Romans translation_memory.json; apply unchanged) or NEW (term first analyzed in this curriculum; proposed rendering below, pending Phase 2 confirmation and translation-memory update). Risk follows the Critical/High/Medium/Low convention of doctrine_risk_registry.json. Review Routing mirrors baseline conventions: Critical/High → Human theologian; Medium → Native speaker; Low → Automated.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline Translation Memory
| Term | Greek | Arabic (fixed) | Risk | Citation(s) in 1 Peter | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | الله | Critical | throughout | Apply baseline god note unchanged. |
| Father | πατήρ | الآب | Critical | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 | Apply baseline father note unchanged. |
| Lord | κύριος | الرب | Critical | 1:3, 2:3, 2:13, 3:6 (human sense — see 08.C), 3:15, 5:14 | Reserve strictly for Christ/God’s deity claims; NEVER for human “lord/master” senses (see δεσπότης, κύριος-of-Sarah below). |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | يسوع | Critical | throughout | Never عيسى. |
| Christ | Χριστός | المسيح | Critical | throughout | Apply baseline messiah note; every occurrence must actively correct the Quranic ‘Isa al-Masih’s competing narrative. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | الروح القدس | Critical | 1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14 | Apply baseline note distinguishing from Jibril/Gabriel identification. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | الرسول | High | 1:1 | Apply baseline note distinguishing from Muhammad’s Rasul Allah title. |
| Faith | πίστις | الإيمان | High | 1:5, 1:7-9, 1:21, 3:15, 5:9 | Reinforce personal-trust sense over creedal-assent sense throughout. |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | الخلاص | Critical | 1:5, 1:9-10, 2:2, 3:21, 4:18 | Apply full baseline salvation note; never probabilistic/pending-Judgment framing. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις | القيامة | Critical | 1:3, 1:21, 3:21 | Apply full apologetic scaffolding on historicity of the crucifixion at every occurrence. |
| Grace | χάρις | النعمة | High | 1:10, 1:13, 2:19-20 (contextual credit-sense, flag), 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | Reinforce unmerited-favor sense except where explicitly flagged as the “commendable/credit” nuance (2:19-20). |
| Glory | δόξα | المجد | High | 1:7-8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24 (LXX), 2:12, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | Avoid light-mysticism resonance throughout; especially reinforce at 2:9’s “marvelous light” pairing. |
| Sanctification / Holy | ἁγιασμός / ἅγιος | التقديس / مقدس | High | 1:2, 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5, 3:15 | Never ritual-purity (wudu-style) sense. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | الخطية | High | 1:2 (blood), 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 | Reinforce personal moral transgression before a personal God, against fitrah (innate purity) doctrine. |
| Called / Calling | κλητός / κλῆσις concept | المدعوون / الدعوة | High | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | Reinforce sovereign-summons direction, opposite of da’wah. |
| Election | ἐκλογή concept (ἐκλεκτός, ἐκλεκτόν) | اختيار الله | High | 1:1-2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 | Distinguish from folk qadar fatalism per baseline. |
| Obedience of Faith (concept) | ὑπακοή | طاعة الإيمان | Critical | 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 | Teach as fruit, never ground, of standing before God. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | الشركة | Medium (High when paired with suffering, see 4:13) | 4:13 | Extra caution at 4:13 given root-resonance with شرك; keep “sharing in Christ’s sufferings” clearly distinct from any divine-partnership (shirk) implication. |
| Spiritual Gifts | χάρισμα | المواهب الروحية | Medium | 4:10 | Always retain الروحية qualifier. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | السلام | Medium | 1:2, 3:11 (LXX), 5:14 | Relational/legal sense, not Sufi tranquility. |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (εὐαγγελίζω) | الإنجيل | High | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 | Never conceded as a corrupted successor text (tahrif). |
| David / Israel / proper names (contextual, minor) | — | — | — | — | No direct citation in 1 Peter; retained here for cross-curriculum consistency only. |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter — Full Glossary
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Arabic (proposed) | Category | Risk | Citation(s) | Review Routing | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | الرحمة | God’s Character | High | 1:3 | Human theologian | Distinguish sovereign, initiating mercy from Islamic responsive-rahmah register; pair conceptually with النعمة. |
| New Birth / Regeneration | ἀναγεννάω | anagennaō | الولادة الجديدة | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Critical | 1:3, 1:23 | Human theologian | Begetting-language collision-adjacent; keep visibly distinct from Sonship-of-Christ doctrine; frame as metaphorical spiritual re-origination grounded in the resurrection. |
| Living Hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | elpis zōsa | رجاء حيّ | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Critical | 1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15 | Human theologian | Contrast with Islamic rajā’/khawf uncertainty-pairing; hope here is retrospectively grounded, not prospectively uncertain. |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | الميراث | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Critical | 1:4, 3:7 (fellow-heir) | Human theologian | Reactivates baseline adoption Critical collision (Quran 33:4-5 inheritance restriction on adopted children). |
| Guarded / Kept | φρουρέω | phroureō | محفوظون | Assurance of Salvation | High | 1:5 | Human theologian | Military-guard imagery grounding present assurance, not probabilistic future outcome. |
| Tested Genuineness | δοκίμιον | dokimion | اختبار الإيمان الصادق | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Medium-High | 1:7 | Human theologian | Refining, not qualifying-exam, sense; distinguish from Islamic imtiḥān’s weighing-toward-outcome framing. |
| Honor | τιμή | timē | الكرامة / الإكرام | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Medium | 1:7 | Native speaker | Honor/shame reversal theme; keep tied to the reversal argument, not generic “reward.” |
| Revelation/Appearing of Christ | ἀποκάλυψις (Χριστοῦ) | apokalypsis | ظهور المسيح / استعلان المسيح | Living Hope of the Resurrection / Second Coming | Critical | 1:7, 1:13, 4:13 | Human theologian | Avoid “mere appearance” (shubbiha lahum) resonance; must affirm bodily, glorious return as sovereign Judge, contra Islamic nuzūl ‘Isa (subordinate prophet role). |
| Love (agape) | ἀγάπη | agapē | المحبة | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood / general | Medium | 1:8, 1:22, 4:8 | Native speaker | Self-giving, willed love toward a specific unseen Person, not generic affection. |
| Joy | χαρά | chara | الفرح | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Low | 1:8 | Automated | Broadly compatible vocabulary. |
| Goal/Outcome of Faith | τέλος (τῆς πίστεως) | telos | غاية الإيمان | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Low | 1:9 | Automated | Faith’s intended destination, not accidental byproduct. |
| Soul | ψυχή | psychē | النفس | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Medium | 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19 | Native speaker | Distinguish from Islamic nafs’s staged-moral-struggle/mizan framework; here it denotes the whole redeemed person already secured. |
| Sojourner / Exile | παρεπίδημος / πάροικος | parepidēmos / paroikos | الغرباء والمتغربون | Church Identity / Holiness in Conduct | Medium | 1:1, 1:17, 2:11 | Native speaker | Spiritual/social identity theme; pastorally resonant with real minority-community exile experience; keep from collapsing into a purely political-refugee reading. |
| Diaspora | διασπορά | diaspora | الشتات | Church Identity | Medium | 1:1 | Native speaker | Ecclesiological transfer of Jewish technical term; needs the same redemptive-historical care as baseline Romans 9-11 notes. |
| Foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις | prognōsis | علم الله السابق | Effectual Calling / Providence | High | 1:2 | Human theologian | Distinguish from generic qadar fatalism; God’s specific redemptive purpose. |
| Sprinkling of Blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | rhantismos haimatos | رَشّ دم يسوع المسيح | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Critical | 1:2 | Human theologian | Covenant-sealing substitutionary imagery; direct collision with Quran 6:164. |
| Conduct / Way of Life | ἀναστροφή | anastrophē | السيرة / التصرف | Holiness in Conduct | Medium | 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16 | Native speaker | Six occurrences across the book; render identically each time for curriculum coherence. |
| Redemption / Ransom | λυτρόω | lytroō | الفداء / افتُديتم | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Critical | 1:18 | Human theologian | Fidā’ is a live Islamic narrative concept (Ibrahim/Ismail ram) but substitutes for one person, not universal atonement — distinguish explicitly. |
| Lamb, Unblemished/Spotless | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | amnos amōmos kai aspilos | الحمل الذي بلا عيب ولا دنس | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Critical | 1:19 | Human theologian | Passover/sacrificial typology; partial bridge via Eid al-Adha narrative, but insufficient analogy — must be taught. |
| Manifested | φανερόω | phaneroō | أُظهِر | Incarnation (adjacent) | High | 1:20 | Human theologian | Keep visibly distinct from rejected الظهور under baseline incarnation; describes disclosure-in-time, not illusory appearance. |
| Word of God (seed) | λόγος / σπορά | logos / spora | كلمة الله / بذرة | Inspiration of Scripture | Medium | 1:23, 1:25 | Native speaker | Instrumental means of new birth; connects to inspiration doctrine. |
| Brotherly Love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | المحبة الأخوية | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Low-Medium | 1:22 | Native speaker | Prefer this compound over bare أخوّة/إخوان (see below). |
| Vice list (malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy, slander) | κακία, δόλος, ὑπόκρισις, φθόνος, καταλαλιά | — | الشر، الغش، الرياء، الحسد، الافتراء | Holiness in Conduct | Low | 2:1 | Automated | Broadly shared moral vocabulary. |
| Spiritual Milk | λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα | logikon adolon gala | اللبن الروحي الصافي | Inspiration of Scripture | Low-Medium | 2:2 | Native speaker | Metaphor for scriptural nourishment. |
| Living Stone | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | حجر حيّ | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Medium | 2:4-5 | Native speaker | Requires OT cornerstone-typology background (Isaiah 28:16, Psalm 118:22). |
| Spiritual House | οἶκος πνευματικός | oikos pneumatikos | بيت روحي | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Low-Medium | 2:5 | Native speaker | Temple-replacement imagery. |
| Holy / Royal Priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma | الكهنوت المقدس / كهنوت ملوكي | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Critical | 2:5, 2:9 | Human theologian | Core doctrine term. Must be taught against three distinct backgrounds: OT Levitical mediating priesthood, Catholic/Orthodox ordained-clergy sense of كهنوت familiar to many Arab Christians, and Islam’s absence of a sacerdotal class. |
| Holy Nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον | ethnos hagion | أمة مقدسة | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Critical — mandatory escalation | 2:9 | Human theologian (mandatory sign-off) | Direct collision with the baseline’s already-flagged أمة/Ummah pan-Islamic sensitivity; more acute here than in Romans since the church is positively named “a holy Ummah.” Requires footnote scaffolding distinguishing the OT-derived (Exodus 19:6) corporate covenant title from the contemporary pan-Islamic community referent. |
| People for God’s Possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | laos eis peripoiēsin | شعب خاص لله | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Medium | 2:9 | Native speaker | Corporate identity title inherited from Israel. |
| Darkness / Light (conversion) | σκότος / φῶς | skotos / phōs | الظلمة / النور | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Medium | 2:9 | Native speaker | Avoid Sufi ishrāq illumination-mysticism resonance; keep relational/moral, not experiential-mystical. |
| Day of Visitation | ἐπισκοπή | episkopē | يوم الافتقاد | Holiness in Conduct | Low-Medium | 2:12 | Native speaker | Root shared with ἐπίσκοπος (elders, ch. 5). |
| Submit / Submission | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | الخضوع / يخضع | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | High | 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5 | Human theologian | Distinguish sharply from Islamic submission-as-defining-category-of-religion default; a bounded social ethic flowing from Christian freedom, never the ground of salvation. |
| Freedom | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | الحرية | Submission to Authority | Medium-High | 2:16 | Human theologian | Politically loaded term in contemporary Arab usage; keep theological (freedom from sin) sense clear. |
| Brotherhood | ἀδελφότης | adelphotēs | الأخوّة | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | High — Arabic-specific | 2:17, 5:9 | Human theologian | Never render as الإخوان (Muslim Brotherhood movement name); use abstract noun form only. |
| Fear (of God vs. man) | φόβος | phobos | الخوف / مخافة الله | Submission to Authority | Medium | 2:17-18, 3:14-15 | Native speaker | Keep the two registers (reverence vs. social respect) textually distinguished as Peter himself distinguishes them. |
| Master (human) | δεσπότης | despotēs | السيد (human sense only) | Submission to Authority | Medium | 2:18 | Native speaker | Must never bleed into or soften الرب reserved for Christ. |
| Suffering | πάσχω / πάθημα | paschō / pathēma | يتألم / الآلام | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Critical | 2:19-23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10 | Human theologian | Dominant recurring doctrine term; distinguish from honor-shame retaliation default and from fatalistic Islamic sabr; suffering here is participatory union with Christ, not merit-earning. |
| Example / Pattern | ὑπογραμμός | hypogrammos | قدوة | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Medium-High | 2:21 | Native speaker | Real bridge with Islamic qudwa concept, but must not eclipse the prior substitutionary-atonement sense of Christ’s suffering (2:24). |
| Bore Our Sins | ἀναφέρω τὰς ἁμαρτίας | anaphero tas hamartias | حمل خطايانا | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Critical — most acute textual collision in the book | 2:24 | Human theologian (mandatory sign-off) | Direct positive counter-claim to Quran 6:164’s explicit denial of vicarious sin-bearing. |
| Tree (cross) | ξύλον | xylon | الخشبة | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Low-Medium | 2:24 | Native speaker | OT curse-bearing euphemism (Deut 21:23). |
| Wound / Healed | μώλωψ / ἰάομαι | mōlōps / iaomai | الجرح / شُفيتم | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Low | 2:24 | Automated | Isaiah 53 echo. |
| Shepherd and Overseer (of Christ) | ποιμήν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος | poimēn kai episkopos | الراعي والناظر | Elders and Humility (foundational) | High | 2:25 | Human theologian | Establishes the title elders later hold derivatively (5:2, 4); keep hierarchy explicit. |
| Gentle and Quiet Spirit | πραΰς καὶ ἡσύχιος πνεῦμα | praus kai hēsychios pneuma | روح وديع وهادئ | Holiness in Conduct | Low-Medium | 3:4 | Native speaker | Inward disposition, not enforced silencing. |
| Fellow-Heir | συγκληρονόμος | synklēronomos | شريك في الميراث | Living Hope of the Resurrection | High | 3:7 | Human theologian | Reuses 1:4’s inheritance collision. |
| Community virtue list | ὁμόφρων, συμπαθής, φιλάδελφος, εὔσπλαγχνος, ταπεινόφρων | — | متحدو الفكر، متعاطفون، محبون للإخوة، ذوو حنان، متواضعون | Elders and Humility (anticipatory) | Low | 3:8 | Automated | ταπεινόφρων anticipates ch. 5’s High-risk humility term. |
| Non-Retaliation / Blessing | μὴ ἀποδιδόντες κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ … εὐλογοῦντες | — | لا تجازوا الشر بالشر بل بارِكوا | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Medium-High | 3:9 | Human theologian | Runs directly counter to honor-shame retaliation norms. |
| Blessed (beatitude) | μακάριος | makarios | مبارك / سعيد | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Low | 3:14 | Automated | Beatitude-pronouncement term. |
| Sanctify Christ as Lord | Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε | Kyrion ton Christon hagiasate | قدّسوا المسيح ربًا | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Lordship | Critical | 3:15 | Human theologian (mandatory sign-off) | Applies OT sanctify-YHWH command directly to Christ; same doctrinal weight as Romans 10:9. |
| Defense / Reasoned Answer | ἀπολογία | apologia | دفاع / تقديم حجة | Submission to Authority (apologetics) | Low-Medium | 3:15-16 | Native speaker | Pair with real safety-context sensitivity per baseline evangelism note. |
| Good Conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή | syneidēsis agathē | الضمير الصالح | Holiness in Conduct | Medium | 2:19, 3:16, 3:21 | Native speaker | Islamic ethics builds this territory more around niyyah/qalb; brief contextual note warranted. |
| Once for All | ἅπαξ | hapax | مرة واحدة (وإلى الأبد) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Assurance | Critical | 3:18 | Human theologian | Reinforces non-repeatable, non-probationary atonement; opposes probationary/repeatable framings. |
| Righteous for the Unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | dikaios hyper adikōn | البار من أجل الأشرار | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Critical | 3:18 | Human theologian | Same collision class as 2:24. |
| Bring Near to God | προσάγω | prosagō | يُقرّبنا إلى الله | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (surrounding context) / Access to God | High | 3:18 | Human theologian | Superficial overlap with Islam’s no-intermediary-needed default; grounds differ entirely (atonement vs. denial of atonement’s necessity). |
| Spirits in Prison / Proclaimed | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν | pneumata en phylakē … ekēryxen | الأرواح التي في السجن … كرز/أعلن لها | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | Critical — exegetically contested + collision risk | 3:19 | Human theologian (mandatory sign-off) | Risk of conflation with Islamic Iblis/jinn/barzakh cosmology; must never imply post-mortem salvation offer (contradicts 3:18’s ἅπαξ). |
| Proclaim / Herald | κηρύσσω | kēryssō | كرز / أعلن | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | High | 3:19 | Human theologian | Keep lexically distinct from εὐαγγελίζω/gospel-preaching vocabulary. |
| Noah / Ark | Νῶε / κιβωτός | Nōe / kibōtos | نوح / الفُلك | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (background) | Low — positive bridge | 3:20 | Native speaker | Names fully coincide with Quranic Nūḥ/al-fulk; note differing typological (baptism-prefiguring) significance. |
| Baptism Saves (typological) | ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα σῴζει | antitypon baptisma sōzei | المعمودية، وهي مطابقة لذلك، تخلّصكم | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits / Salvation | Critical | 3:21 | Human theologian (mandatory sign-off) | Must always be rendered/taught bound to Peter’s immediate clarifying qualification (appeal for a good conscience, not ritual washing) to avoid works/ritual-salvation misreading. |
| Right Hand of God / Cosmic Powers Subjected | ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ … ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις | en dexia tou Theou … angeloi, exousiai, dynameis | عن يمين الله … الملائكة والسلاطين والقوات | Lordship of Christ (exaltation) | Critical (exaltation clause) / Low-Medium (hierarchy vocabulary) | 3:22 | Human theologian | Exaltation = deity claim, same weight class as Romans 10:9; brief note on سلاطين’s Islamic political-title root (low risk given clear cosmic context). |
| Human Desires / Will of God | ἐπιθυμίαι ἀνθρώπων / θέλημα Θεοῦ | epithymiai anthrōpōn / thelēma Theou | شهوات الناس / مشيئة الله | Holiness in Conduct | Medium | 4:2-3 | Native speaker | Broadly compatible with Islamic ethical vocabulary. |
| Idolatry (vice list) | εἰδωλολατρία (+ vice catalogue) | eidōlolatria | عبادة الأوثان (+ list) | Holiness in Conduct | Medium | 4:3 | Native speaker | Partial bridge with shirk category; distinct — concrete cultic practice, not the broader theological category. |
| Judge of Living and Dead | κρίνων ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | krinōn zōntas kai nekrous | يدين الأحياء والأموات | Living Hope of the Resurrection (eschatology) | Medium-High | 4:5 | Native speaker | Connects to 1:7’s Judge-at-the-Revelation theme. |
| Gospel Preached to the Dead | νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη | nekrois euēngelisthē | بُشِّر الأموات | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (cross-reference) | Critical | 4:6 | Human theologian | Must be taught in coordination with 3:19; never as post-mortem salvation offer. |
| Sober / Self-Controlled | νήφω / σωφρονέω | nēphō / sōphroneō | صاحٍ / متعقّل | Holiness in Conduct | Low | 4:7 | Automated | Standard eschatological-watchfulness vocabulary. |
| Hospitable | φιλόξενος | philoxenos | مضياف | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Low | 4:9 | Automated | Compatible with strong Arab hospitality cultural values. |
| Steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | وكيل | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Medium | 4:10 | Native speaker | Stewardship, not ownership/merit, framing. |
| Oracles of God | λόγια Θεοῦ | logia Theou | أقوال الله | Inspiration of Scripture | Medium | 4:11 | Native speaker | Avoid verbatim-dictation (wahy-style) resonance. |
| Serve / Minister | διακονέω | diakoneō | يخدم | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | Low | 4:10-11 | Automated | Root of later “deacon” office. |
| Fiery Trial / Share Christ’s Sufferings | πύρωσις / κοινωνεῖν τοῖς παθήμασιν | pyrōsis / koinōnein tois pathēmasin | تجربة نارية / نشارك آلام المسيح | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | High | 4:12-13 | Human theologian | Reuses الشركة with extra shirk-adjacency caution given suffering-union pairing. |
| Reproached / Blessed (Name) | ὀνειδίζεσθε … μακάριοι | oneidizesthe … makarioi | تُعيَّرون … مباركون | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Medium-High | 4:14 | Human theologian | Honor-shame reversal theme, same class as 1:7, 3:9. |
| Christian (name) | Χριστιανός | Christianos | المسيحي | Church Identity | Medium | 4:16 | Native speaker | Real social/legal stakes for bearers of this name in many contexts. |
| Judgment from the Household of God | κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ | krima apo tou oikou tou Theou | الدينونة تبتدئ من بيت الله | Elders and Humility (context) | Medium | 4:17 | Native speaker | — |
| Faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης | pistos ktistēs | الخالق الأمين | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Low-Medium — positive bridge | 4:19 | Native speaker | Parallels Al-Khāliq; note specific triune/crucified-and-risen identity, not bare generic monotheism. |
| Entrust Souls | παρατίθημι τὰς ψυχάς | paratithēmi tas psychas | يستودعون نفوسهم | Assurance of Salvation | Medium | 4:19 | Native speaker | Reuses النفس. |
| Elder / Fellow Elder | πρεσβύτερος / συμπρεσβύτερος | presbyteros / sympresbyteros | الشيوخ | Elders and Humility | Critical — Arabic-specific, mandatory escalation | 5:1 | Human theologian (mandatory sign-off) | Direct collision with شيخ’s loaded Islamic religious-authority resonance (Sufi master, tribal chief, religious scholar). Requires explicit teaching on plural, non-hierarchical, servant-shepherd NT eldership. |
| Shepherd / Oversee (elders’ derivative role) | ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω | poimainō / episkopeō | يرعى / ينظر | Elders and Humility | High | 5:2 | Human theologian | Must be taught as explicitly subordinate to Christ’s own title (2:25). |
| Elder motive qualifiers | μὴ ἀναγκαστῶς … μηδὲ αἰσχροκερδῶς | — | لا بالإكراه … لا طمعًا بمكسب خبيث | Elders and Humility | Low-Medium | 5:2 | Native speaker | αἰσχροκερδής shares honor-shame root. |
| Domineering / Lording Over | κατακυριεύω | katakyrieuō | يتسلطون | Elders and Humility | High | 5:3 | Human theologian | Deliberate negative use of the κύριος root elsewhere reserved for Christ; essential anti-authoritarian counterweight to the shaykh collision. |
| Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην | archipoimēn | رئيس الرعاة | Elders and Humility | High | 5:4 | Human theologian | Establishes Christ’s supremacy over all human eldership. |
| Humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη | tapeinophrosynē | التواضع | Elders and Humility | High | 5:5-6 | Human theologian | Genuine bridge with Islamic tawāḑu’, but must be grounded in grace and Christ’s own self-emptying pattern, not independent merit. |
| Adversary, the Devil | ἀντίδικος … διάβολος | antidikos … diabolos | خصمكم إبليس | Elders and Humility (context) | High | 5:8 | Human theologian | Narrative differs from Islamic Iblis tradition (refusal to bow to Adam vs. accuser/slanderer role); brief comparative note required. |
| Strengthening verbs (restore/confirm/strengthen/establish) | καταρτίζω, στηρίζω, σθενόω, θεμελιόω | — | سيجدّد / سيثبت / سيقوّي / سيؤسس | Assurance of Salvation (closing doxology) | Low | 5:10 | Automated | No hedging permitted; reinforces assurance doctrine. |
| Kiss of Love | φίλημα ἀγάπης | philēma agapēs | قبلة المحبة | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood (greeting custom) | Low | 5:14 | Automated | Positive cultural fit in most Arab contexts. |
| Babylon (coded referent) | Βαβυλών | Babylōn | بابل | Historical/background | Low | 5:13 | Automated | Requires footnote on likely Rome-code reading. |
C. Disambiguation Notes (Same Greek Root, Different Referents — Do Not Conflate)
| Root | Referent A | Rendering A | Referent B | Rendering B | Risk if Conflated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| κύριος | Christ’s exclusive deity-Lordship | الرب | Sarah calling Abraham “lord” (3:6); human masters (δεσπότης, 2:18) | سيدها / السيد | Softening Christ’s unique deity claim, or conversely over-elevating human authority figures to divine status language. |
| κύριος (negative use) | Elders forbidden from “lording over” the flock (κατακυριεύω, 5:3) | يتسلطون (never الرب) | — | — | Must not accidentally render with any form resembling الرب; this is a deliberately forbidden posture, contrasted with, not equated to, Christ’s proper Lordship. |
| ἀναγεννάω (regeneration, 1:3, 1:23) | Believers being spiritually reborn | الولادة الجديدة | Christ’s own eternal Sonship (not in 1 Peter directly, but baseline son_of_god) | ابن الله (unaffected) | Must not let regeneration language bleed into or dilute the separate, non-negotiable Sonship-of-Christ doctrine. |
| φανερόω (1:20, manifested) | Christ’s disclosure in time | أُظهِر | Incarnation as a theological category (baseline term) | التجسد (unaffected — never الظهور) | Must not substitute أُظهِر for التجسد or vice versa; keep the established baseline incarnation term untouched. |
| ἀδελφότης (brotherhood) | The Christian community | الأخوّة | Muslim Brotherhood political movement | الإخوان (avoid entirely) | Political misassociation; use only the abstract-noun form. |
| ἔθνος ἅγιον (holy nation) | The church’s inherited covenant-identity title | أمة مقدسة (flagged) | Contemporary pan-Islamic Ummah | الأمة الإسلامية (must not be implied) | Reader may hear the church claiming to replace/rival the Islamic Ummah; mandatory footnote required. |
| πρεσβύτερος (elder) | NT plural, servant-shepherd church office | الشيوخ (flagged) | Sufi spiritual master / tribal chief / credentialed Islamic scholar | شيخ (Islamic religious-authority sense, must not be assumed) | Reader imports an autonomous, singular, authoritative-scholar image onto a plural, humble, accountable NT office. |
This glossary extends, and in every case defers to, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. All “REUSE” entries are locked; all “NEW” entries are proposed pending Phase 2 confirmation, at which point they must be written into an updated, versioned translation memory before any segment-level translation proceeds, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Adoption
Approved rendering: التبني
Transliteration: al-tabannī
Doctrine: Inheritance Reserved in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: الاستلحاق
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly cited by a Greek term in 1 Peter, but retained here because the letter’s inheritance doctrine (1:4, 3:7) presupposes and reactivates this exact baseline collision (Quran 33:4-5’s restriction on adopted children’s inheritance rights). Full sonship/full inheritance framing from the baseline note must be reapplied at every 1 Peter inheritance occurrence.
Baptism Saves
Approved rendering: المعمودية، وهي مطابقة لذلك، تخلّصكم
Transliteration: al-ma’mūdiyya, wa hiya muṭābiqa li-dhālika, tukhalliṣukum
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation
Rejected alternatives: المعمودية تخلّصكم (بمفردها بدون شرط الضمير الصالح — محظور)
Original: ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα σῴζει
Category: Salvation
3:20-21. Must never appear as a stand-alone unit in any teaching material; always bound in the same sentence or immediately adjacent clause to Peter’s own qualifier (‘not as removal of dirt from the body, but as an appeal to God for a good conscience, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ’). Risk of ritual/works-salvation misreading directly touches the Critical salvation doctrine. Mandatory theologian review of the bound unit as a whole.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: حمل خطايانا
Transliteration: ḥamala khaṭāyānā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: تعاطف معنا / تضامن أخلاقي (تخفيف مرفوض تمامًا)
Original: ἀναφέρω τὰς ἁμαρτίας
Category: Christology
2:24. The single most direct textual collision in the whole book: the near-verbatim positive counter-claim to Quran 6:164, ‘no bearer of burdens shall bear another’s burden.’ Must never be softened into moral solidarity or sympathy. Mandatory theologian sign-off at every occurrence.
Elder
Approved rendering: الشيوخ
Transliteration: al-shuyūkh
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: القادة (يفقد خصوصية المنصب الرعوي), الأكابر
Original: πρεσβύτερος / συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
5:1. MAJOR ARABIC-SPECIFIC COLLISION, MANDATORY ESCALATION. Singular شيخ is one of the most heavily loaded religious-authority titles in Arabic: Sufi spiritual master, tribal chief, credentialed Islamic scholar (e.g. ‘Shaykh al-Azhar’), or elderly honorific. No transliteration or neologism is acceptable — الشيوخ is the historically established Bible rendering (Van Dyck/NAV) with no viable substitute. Requires explicit teaching at every occurrence that NT eldership is plural, shared, non-hierarchical, congregation-specific, servant-shepherd, and carries no independent juridical or fatwa-issuing authority. Mandatory theologian sign-off.
Exaltation Cosmic Powers
Approved rendering: عن يمين الله … الملائكة والسلاطين والقوات
Transliteration: ‘an yamīn Allāh … al-malā’ika wa-l-salāṭīn wa-l-quwwāt
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ … ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις
Category: Christology
3:22. Exaltation language is a deity claim in the same weight class as the Lordship confession; must never be softened. سلاطين shares a root with the Islamic political title سلطان, but risk is low given clearly cosmic/spiritual context; a brief disambiguating note suffices.
Father
Approved rendering: الآب
Transliteration: al-Āb
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pairs with the equally sensitive regeneration language of 1 Peter 1:3 (see new_birth) and the Judge-title of 1:17.
God
Approved rendering: الله
Transliteration: Allāh
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter 1:2’s triune-shaped greeting (Father, Spirit, blood of Jesus Christ) the Trinitarian conception denoted by الله must be actively distinguished from Islamic tawhid’s strictly unitarian, non-incarnate conception.
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: بُشِّر الأموات
Transliteration: bushshira al-amwāt
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Eschatology
4:6. Must be taught in coordination with the 3:19 spirits_in_prison entry; never as an offer of post-mortem salvation, which would contradict the letter’s own once_for_all doctrine at 3:18.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: أمة مقدسة
Transliteration: ummah muqaddasah
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: شعب مقدس (استراتيجية تجنّب مرفوضة تستخدمها بعض الطبعات المشتركة)
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
2:9. MANDATORY ESCALATION. أمة/Ummah is the defining pan-Islamic term for the worldwide Muslim community; this phrase positively declares the church itself a ‘holy Ummah.’ Some circulating interconfessional/simplified Arabic editions quietly substitute شعب مقدس to sidestep this collision — this curriculum deliberately REJECTS that avoidance strategy and instead retains أمة مقدسة with a mandatory footnote at every occurrence tying it to Exodus 19:6 and explicitly denying any claim to replace or rival the contemporary Islamic Ummah. Do not process without theologian sign-off.
Holy Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: الكهنوت المقدس / كهنوت ملوكي
Transliteration: al-kahanūt al-muqaddas / kahanūt malūkī
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: كهنوت (بدون توصيف يفيد شمول جميع المؤمنين)
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
2:5, 2:9. Must be taught against three backgrounds: the OT Levitical mediating priesthood it fulfills/transforms; the clerical/ordained sense of كهنوت familiar to many Arab Catholic/Orthodox readers (risk of undercutting priesthood-of-all-believers); and Islam’s absence of a sacerdotal mediating class. Mandatory every-occurrence footnote affirming this belongs corporately to the whole believing community. Requires theologian review.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: الروح القدس
Transliteration: al-Rūḥ al-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Distinguish from mainstream tafsir’s identification of the same phrase with the created angel Jibril, at 1:2, 1:11-12, 4:14.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: التجسد
Transliteration: al-tajassud
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: الحلول, الظهور
Inherited from Romans package. Retained here as the fixed anchor against which 1 Peter 1:20’s φανερόω (manifested, أُظهِر) must be kept distinct — Christ’s disclosure-in-time is not identical to, but must never be confused with, the baseline’s rejected الظهور (mere/illusory appearance).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: الميراث
Transliteration: al-mīrāth
Doctrine: Inheritance Reserved in Heaven
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
1:4, 3:7 (fellow-heirs). Reactivates the baseline adoption Critical collision: Quran 33:4-5 restricts adopted children’s inheritance rights, and Islamic fara’id inheritance law is a widely known formal legal system. Must explicitly teach that believers’ inheritance is full, secure, and unshakable because they are declared full sons through the resurrection, not a proportional legal share.
Jesus
Approved rendering: يسوع
Transliteration: Yasū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عيسى
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never عيسى, throughout all five chapters.
Lamb Unblemished
Approved rendering: الحمل الذي بلا عيب ولا دنس
Transliteration: al-ḥamal alladhī bilā ‘ayb wa lā danas
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
1:19. Passover/sacrificial-purity typology. Pair with Exodus 12 background, not solely the Eid al-Adha bridge, which is culturally resonant but theologically insufficient (a ram, substituting for one person, not universal sin).
Living Hope
Approved rendering: رجاء حيّ
Transliteration: rajā’ ḥayy
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: رجاء (بدون توصيف ‘حيّ’), أمل
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15. Never use bare رجاء — it defaults to the Islamic rajā’/khawf (hope/fear) dyad in which the mizan outcome remains genuinely uncertain until Judgment. This hope is retrospectively secured by a completed historical resurrection, not prospectively uncertain. أمل is purely secular register and must not be used as the doctrinal term.
Lord
Approved rendering: الرب
Transliteration: al-Rabb
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: السيد, المولى
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reserve strictly for Christ’s/God’s deity claims (1 Peter 3:15, 3:22). NEVER use for Sarah’s human address to Abraham (3:6, render السيد), for δεσπότης human masters (2:18, render السيد), or for the deliberately forbidden ‘lording over’ posture of elders (5:3, κατακυριεύω, render يتسلطون).
Messiah
Approved rendering: المسيح
Transliteration: al-Masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Every occurrence in 1 Peter must actively correct ‘Isa al-Masih’s competing Quranic narrative (honored prophet, not divine, not crucified, not risen), which 1 Peter’s suffering-and-glory Christology directly contradicts.
New Birth
Approved rendering: الولادة الجديدة
Transliteration: al-wilāda al-jadīda
Doctrine: Divine Mercy and New Birth
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
1:3, 1:23. Begetting-language applied to God’s action toward believers touches the same root sensitivity as Quran 112:3 (‘He begets not, nor is He begotten’). Must be framed as metaphorical spiritual re-origination through the resurrection, kept visibly distinct from Christ’s own eternal begotten Sonship (see son_of_god). Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: طاعة الإيمان
Transliteration: ṭā’at al-īmān
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: الطاعة الشرعية
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Teach as fruit, never ground, of standing before God at 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 — an acute concern given how tightly obedience language is woven through the letter’s holiness-in-conduct exhortations. Keep lexically separate from the new term ‘submission’ (الخضوع), a distinct social-ethical doctrine (see submission entry).
Once For All
Approved rendering: مرة واحدة وإلى الأبد
Transliteration: marratan wāḥidatan wa ilā al-abad
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: مرة واحدة (بدون ‘وإلى الأبد’)
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
3:18. Never abbreviate; both halves of the compound are required to safeguard against the atonement being reframed as repeatable, probationary, or ongoing — aligning it wrongly with the deeds-weighed, still-undetermined mizan framework.
Redemption
Approved rendering: الفداء
Transliteration: al-fidā’
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Christology
1:18. Fida’ is a live, positively-regarded Islamic narrative concept (Ibrahim/Ismail ram substitution, Quran 37:107) — a genuine partial bridge, but incomplete: that ram substitutes for one individual’s threatened death, not universal atonement for sin. Must be explicitly extended, not assumed equivalent.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: القيامة
Transliteration: al-qiyāmah
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Apply full apologetic scaffolding on the historicity of the crucifixion (Quran 4:157 denial) at 1:3, 1:21, 3:18, 3:21 — 1 Peter 1:3’s entire thesis collapses without it.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: ظهور المسيح / استعلان المسيح
Transliteration: ẕuhūr al-Masīḥ / isti’lān al-Masīḥ
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Coming
Rejected alternatives: الظهور بمفرده بدون استعلان (يوحي بالظهور الوهمي/شبّه لهم)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
1:7, 1:13, 4:13. Never use bare الظهور alone — it echoes the Quran’s own shubbiha-lahum illusory-appearance language used to deny the crucifixion. Islamic eschatology’s nuzul ‘Isa returns Jesus as a subordinate prophet who dies and is buried, not the exalted divine Judge. Pair ظهور with استعلان; every occurrence must affirm bodily, glorious return as sovereign Judge.
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: البار من أجل الأشرار
Transliteration: al-bārr min ajl al-ashrār
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
3:18. Same collision class as bore_our_sins — a direct positive counter-claim to Quran 6:164’s denial of vicarious sin-bearing. Mandatory theologian review.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: البر
Transliteration: al-birr
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: الصلاح, العدل
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter carries two distinct senses that must both be taught without collapsing into each other: ethical/lived righteous conduct for which believers may suffer (2:24, 3:14) and the underlying forensic right-standing-before-God category assumed throughout. Al-birr’s Quranic (2:177) works-checklist resonance is most easily triggered exactly where ‘righteousness’ is linked to conduct and suffering — flag explicitly at 2:24 and 3:14.
Salvation
Approved rendering: الخلاص
Transliteration: al-khalāṣ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: النجاة, الفوز بالجنة
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter’s entire opening doxology (1:3-9) depends on salvation being a secured, present-tense reality awaiting only final disclosure (1:5, 1:9-10, 2:2, 3:21, 4:18), never probabilistic/pending-Judgment framing.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: قدّسوا المسيح ربًا
Transliteration: qaddisū al-Masīḥ Rabban
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: قدّسوا الرب الإله (نسخة فان دايك المبنية على تقليد نصي مختلف؛ تُذكر كملاحظة نصية لا كخطأ)
Original: Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις
Category: Christology
3:15. Applies the OT command to sanctify YHWH (Isaiah 8:13) directly to Christ; functionally equivalent in doctrinal weight to Romans 10:9’s Lordship confession. Note the Van Dyck textual-tradition variant (قدّسوا الرب الإله, following a different manuscript base) as a textual note, not an error, if quoted alongside. Mandatory theologian sign-off either way.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ابن الله
Transliteration: Ibn Allāh
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الحبيب من الله
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly cited in 1 Peter’s text, but retained here as the fixed doctrinal anchor against which the new-birth term (regeneration of believers, 1:3, 1:23) must be kept visibly and permanently distinct — believers’ begetting is metaphorical and creaturely; Christ’s Sonship is eternal, non-creaturely, and non-negotiable.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: الأرواح التي في السجن
Transliteration: al-arwāḥ allatī fī al-sijn
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: الجن/الشياطين المحبوسة في البرزخ (تأويل إسلامي مرفوض)
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Eschatology
3:19. Exegetically contested even among Christian theologians (descensus ad inferos debates). Islamic cosmology has its own developed doctrine of imprisoned/rebellious spirit-beings (Iblis, shayatin/jinn, barzakh); readers could reinterpret this through that lattice rather than Peter’s own Noahic/fallen-angelic-powers framing. Must never be taught as offering post-mortem salvation, which would contradict 3:18’s once_for_all. Mandatory theologian sign-off; recommend an explanatory footnote scaffold at every occurrence — highest-priority Phase 2 escalation item in the book.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: رَشّ دم يسوع المسيح
Transliteration: rashsh dam Yasū’ al-Masīḥ
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
1:2. Covenant-ratification imagery (Exodus 24:8) applied to Christ’s blood. Directly triggers the Quran 6:164 collision: covenant-sealing, substitutionary blood imagery must never be diluted or explained away as mere symbolism. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Suffering
Approved rendering: الآلام
Transliteration: al-ālām
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: الصبر (يُسمح به فقط كصفة مساعدة، لا كمصطلح المذهب الأساسي)
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering
2:19-23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10 — the book’s dominant recurring doctrine term. Distinguish from (a) honor-shame retaliation expectation, (b) Islamic sabr under impersonal qadar lacking Peter’s Christ-shaped participatory dimension, (c) any reading that suffering itself earns merit toward salvation. Requires theologian review at every occurrence given frequency and centrality.
High Risk Terms
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: خصمكم إبليس
Transliteration: khaṣmukum Iblīs
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare Against the Devil
Original: ἀντίδικος … διάβολος
Category: Suffering
5:8. إبليس is shared, pre-Islamic Christian Arabic vocabulary, but the underlying Quranic Iblis narrative (refusal to prostrate before Adam, Quran 2:34, 7:11-18) differs from the NT’s accuser/predator (roaring lion) emphasis here. A brief comparative note is required so readers do not import the Quranic narrative wholesale.
Apostle
Approved rendering: الرسول
Transliteration: al-rasūl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: المبعوث, التلميذ المرسل
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Peter’s self-designation (1:1) as delegated eyewitness authority, distinguished from Muhammad’s own Rasul Allah title and its finality claim.
Bring Near To God
Approved rendering: يُقرّبنا إلى الله
Transliteration: yuqarribunā ilā Allāh
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: προσάγω
Category: Christology
3:18. A genuine point of theological contact — Islam also affirms no human intermediary is required to approach Allah — but the grounds differ entirely: here direct access is secured specifically through Christ’s atoning substitution, whereas Islam denies any need for atonement in the first place. Teach the grounds, not just the conclusion.
Brotherhood
Approved rendering: الأخوّة
Transliteration: al-ukhuwwa
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: الإخوان
Original: ἀδελφότης
Category: Church
2:17, 5:9. NEVER render as الإخوان — the specific name of the transnational Islamist political movement (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين, the Muslim Brotherhood). Use the abstract-noun form الأخوّة consistently, never the plural-membership noun.
Called
Approved rendering: المدعوون
Transliteration: al-mad’uwwūn
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: المُنتخَبون
Original: κλητός concept (ἐκλεκτός)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reinforce sovereign-summons direction, opposite of da’wah, at 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10.
Calling
Approved rendering: الدعوة
Transliteration: al-da’wah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις concept
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: رئيس الرعاة
Transliteration: ra’īs al-ru’āh
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Church
5:4. Establishes Christ’s supremacy over all human eldership, with a promised unfading crown of glory.
Domineering Lording Over
Approved rendering: يتسلطون
Transliteration: yatasallaṭūn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Church
5:3. A deliberate negative use of the kyrios root elsewhere reserved with full doctrinal weight for Christ alone (see lord entry). This anti-authoritarian point is the essential counterweight to the shaykh-authority collision on elder — elders must be taught as the deliberate opposite of an authoritarian shaykh-figure. Never render with any form resembling الرب.
Election
Approved rendering: اختيار الله
Transliteration: ikhtiyār Allāh
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Distinguish from folk qadar fatalism at 1:1-2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: قدوة
Transliteration: qudwa
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Suffering
2:21. Genuine bridge with the Islamic virtue-term qudwa (Muhammad as ‘al-qudwa al-hasana,’ Quran 33:21), but Christ’s suffering must be taught first as substitutionary atonement (2:24) and only secondarily as moral example; qudwa language alone risks reducing the cross to ethical exemplarism.
Faith
Approved rendering: الإيمان
Transliteration: al-īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: الاعتقاد, الثقة
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reinforce personal-trust sense over Islamic iman’s creedal-assent-plus-practice sense at every 1 Peter occurrence (1:5, 1:7-9, 1:21, 3:15, 5:9).
Fiery Trial Share Sufferings
Approved rendering: تجربة نارية / مشاركة آلام المسيح
Transliteration: tajriba nāriyya / mushārakat ālām al-Masīḥ
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις / κοινωνεῖν τοῖς παθήμασιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering
4:12-13. Reuses الشركة with extra shirk-adjacency caution given the direct pairing with suffering-union-with-Christ language; require careful contextual framing so ‘sharing/participating with Christ’ is never misheard as forbidden divine-partnership language.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: علم الله السابق
Transliteration: ‘ilm Allāh al-sābiq
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
1:2. Overlaps conceptually with Islamic ‘ilm Allah within the qadar framework; must be taught as God’s specific, personal, redemptive purpose focused on the elect in Christ, not generic fatalistic foreknowledge of all events indiscriminately.
Glory
Approved rendering: المجد
Transliteration: al-majd
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: النور الإلهي
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Avoid light-based renderings resonant with Sufi ishraq mysticism, especially where paired with 2:9’s darkness-to-light conversion imagery.
Gospel
Approved rendering: الإنجيل
Transliteration: al-Injīl
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: البشارة, الخبر السار
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Must be taught as the NT record itself, never conceded as a corrupted successor per tahrif doctrine, at 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17. Also intersects with real social/legal stakes for tabshir (evangelism) in many Arabic-speaking contexts.
Grace
Approved rendering: النعمة
Transliteration: al-ni’mah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: الفضل, الرحمة
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Note the distinct contextual ‘commendable/creditable’ nuance at 2:19-20 (enduring unjust suffering ‘is a gracious thing’) which must be flagged so it is not confused with the soteriological doctrine active at 1:10-11, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:10, 5:12.
Guarded By Gods Power
Approved rendering: محفوظون
Transliteration: maḥfūẕūn
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation (Guarded by God’s Power)
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
1:5. Military-guard imagery (φρουρέω) grounding present assurance. Mainstream Sunni piety treats certainty of one’s own final salvation as presumptuous; must ground confident present assurance, not probabilistic optimism about an undetermined outcome.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: muqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: طاهر
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from the baseline’s Medium to High for this curriculum because مقدس is the load-bearing adjective for the Critical ‘holy priesthood’ / ‘holy nation’ doctrines (2:5, 2:9), in addition to the direct holiness command of 1:15-16.
Humility
Approved rendering: التواضع
Transliteration: al-tawāḑu’
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Church
5:5-6. Genuine, positively-regarded bridge with the Islamic virtue tawadu’, but must be taught as flowing from grace and modeled on Christ’s own self-emptying pattern (Proverbs 3:34, ‘God gives grace to the humble’), not as an independently earned merit-status before God.
Israel
Approved rendering: إسرائيل
Transliteration: Isrā’īl
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Inherited from Romans package. No direct citation in 1 Peter’s text, retained for cross-curriculum consistency; the diaspora/exile identity language of 1:1 and 2:9’s ‘holy nation’/‘chosen race’ titles are transferred typologically from ethnic Israel and require the same redemptive-historical care as the baseline’s Romans 9-11 notes.
Judge Of Living And Dead
Approved rendering: يدين الأحياء والأموات
Transliteration: yadīnu al-aḥyā’ wa-l-amwāt
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Coming
Original: κρίνων ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
4:5. Christ’s role as final universal Judge. Connects to the Critical revelation_of_christ theme; keep consistent framing of Christ’s exalted judicial authority against the subordinate-prophet nuzul-‘Isa expectation.
Manifested
Approved rendering: أُظهِر
Transliteration: uẕhira
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الظهور
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
1:20. Christ’s redemptive role, fixed in eternity, disclosed in history. Must be kept visibly distinct from the baseline’s rejected الظهور under incarnation (التجسد) — this describes disclosure-in-time, not illusory or temporary appearance. Pair explicitly with التجسد in teaching notes.
Mercy
Approved rendering: الرحمة
Transliteration: ar-raḥmah
Doctrine: Divine Mercy and New Birth
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
God’s great mercy (1:3), the moving cause of new birth. الرحمة is legitimate, pre-Islamic Christian Arabic vocabulary, but ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim are foundational Islamic divine names where mercy is frequently framed as responsive to repentance/obedience within the mizan system. Must be taught as sovereign, initiating cause, prior to and apart from human response, paired conceptually with النعمة.
Non Retaliation Blessing
Approved rendering: لا تجازوا الشر بالشر بل بارِكوا
Transliteration: lā tujāzū al-sharr bi-l-sharr bal bārikū
Doctrine: Honor-Shame Reversal
Original: μὴ ἀποδιδόντες κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ … εὐλογοῦντες
Category: Suffering
3:9. Runs directly counter to a strong honor-shame cultural default in which unavenged insult is a mark of dishonor; must be taught deliberately as a distinctively Christian ethic, not softened into passive resignation.
Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: كرز / أعلن
Transliteration: karaza / a’lana
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: بشّر (محفوظ فقط لكرازة الإنجيل، يُمنع هنا)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Eschatology
3:19. Must be kept lexically distinct from euangelizo/gospel-preaching vocabulary (بشّر/الإنجيل) so 3:19’s ambiguous proclamation (likely triumph/judgment, not gospel invitation) is not misread as an evangelistic offer.
Prophet
Approved rendering: نبي
Transliteration: nabī
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophetic Witness
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. At 1:10-11, must be paired with fuller Christological framing so readers do not stop at ‘prophet’ the way khatam an-nabiyyin treats Muhammad as superseding prior revelation — here the prophets testify in advance to, not are superseded by, Christ.
Reproached Blessed For The Name
Approved rendering: تُعيَّرون باسم المسيح / مباركون
Transliteration: tu’ayyarūna bi-ismi al-Masīḥ / mubārakūn
Doctrine: Honor-Shame Reversal
Original: ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ / μακάριοι
Category: Suffering
4:14. Same honor-shame reversal dynamic as 1:7 and 3:9; must be taught as an intentional reversal of society’s shame-verdict, not softened into generic encouragement.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: التقديس
Transliteration: al-taqdīs
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: التطهير
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ritual-purification (wudu/ghusl) sense; especially important given 3:21’s own explicit denial of that sense for baptism.
Shepherd Oversee Elders
Approved rendering: يرعى / ينظر
Transliteration: yar’ā / yanẕur
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
5:2. Elders’ derivative role of shepherding and oversight; must be taught in explicit subordination to Christ’s own shepherd/overseer title (2:25) to prevent an autonomous-authority misreading.
Shepherd Overseer Christ
Approved rendering: الراعي والناظر لنفوسكم
Transliteration: al-rā’ī wa-l-nāẕir li-nufūsikum
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
2:25. Establishes the shepherd/overseer title Christ bears, later delegated derivatively (never replaced) to human elders (5:2, 5:4). This hierarchy must be kept explicit.
Sin
Approved rendering: الخطية
Transliteration: al-khaṭīyah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: الذنب, الإثم
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reinforce personal moral transgression before a personal God against fitrah doctrine, especially paired with the Critical bore_our_sins language of 2:24 and 1:2’s sprinkling of blood.
Submission
Approved rendering: الخضوع
Transliteration: al-khuḑū’
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: الطاعة (لتجنب الخلط مع طاعة الإيمان)
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5. Must be sharply distinguished from the Critical obedience_of_faith doctrine: this is a bounded social-ethical posture for the Lord’s sake, never the ground of standing before God. Because Islam itself denotes submission as the religion’s defining category, readers of Muslim background may default to hearing this doctrine as reinforcing a total-submission framework. Never allow الخضوع to appear adjacent to النعمة/الخلاص in a way implying submission secures grace/salvation.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: اختبار الإيمان الصادق
Transliteration: ikhtibār al-īmān al-ṣādiq
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: الابتلاء, الامتحان
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
1:7. Refining sense (proving what already exists), not the qualifying-exam sense of Islamic imtihan/ibtila’ (determining a still-undecided outcome). Use اختبار rather than ابتلاء.
Medium Risk Terms
Agape Love
Approved rendering: المحبة
Transliteration: al-maḥabba
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Fellowship
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
1:8, 1:22, 4:8. Self-giving, willed love for a specific personal object (the unseen Christ; one another), not abstract doctrinal assent or generic affection.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: المسيحي
Transliteration: al-masīḥī
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
4:16. Standard, well-established Arabic term; the theological point to preserve is the dignity of bearing this name under reproach, relevant to real social/legal stakes for many Arabic-speaking believers.
Church
Approved rendering: الكنيسة
Transliteration: al-kanīsah
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: الجماعة, الأمة
Inherited from Romans package. The Greek ekklesia is not itself used in 1 Peter’s text, but the underlying doctrine (2:4-10’s living stones/spiritual house/priesthood/holy nation) is precisely the church-as-God’s-people doctrine this baseline term names; retained for conceptual and cross-curriculum consistency. الأمة remains forbidden as a rendering for ‘church’ itself, even as أمة مقدسة is separately and cautiously used for the distinct phrase ‘holy nation’ (see holy_nation entry).
Conduct
Approved rendering: السيرة
Transliteration: al-sīra
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: التصرف, السلوك
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
Six occurrences (1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence — never alternate with التصرف or السلوك — for curriculum-wide coherence per the baseline’s cross-document consistency principle.
Covenant
Approved rendering: العهد
Transliteration: al-‘ahd
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: الميثاق
Original: διαθήκη concept (Exodus 24:8 background)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies the covenant-ratification background (Exodus 24:8) of the ‘sprinkling of blood’ image at 1:2.
Darkness To Light
Approved rendering: من الظلمة إلى النور
Transliteration: min al-ẕulmah ilā al-nūr
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς
Category: Church
2:9. Keep relational/moral (transferred allegiance and status), not mystical-experiential, avoiding drift toward Sufi ishraq illumination-mysticism.
Day Of Visitation
Approved rendering: يوم الافتقاد
Transliteration: yawm al-iftiqād
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Coming
Original: ἐπισκοπή
Category: Eschatology
2:12. Root shared with episkopos (elder-oversight function used later in the letter); no major independent collision.
Diaspora
Approved rendering: الشتات
Transliteration: al-shatāt
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
1:1. Ecclesiological transfer of a historically Jewish technical term to a mixed Jewish/Gentile church; needs the same redemptive-historical care as the baseline’s Romans 9-11 unity-of-Jews-and-Gentiles notes.
Entrust Souls
Approved rendering: يستودعون نفوسهم
Transliteration: yastawdi’ūna nufūsahum
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation (Guarded by God’s Power)
Original: παρατίθημι τὰς ψυχάς
Category: Salvation
4:19. Suffering believers’ deliberate act of committing their whole selves to God’s faithful care; reuses النفس (see soul entry).
Fear Of God Vs Man
Approved rendering: الخوف / مخافة الله
Transliteration: al-khawf / makhāfat Allāh
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: φόβος
Category: Authority
2:17-18, 3:14-15. Keep ‘fear God’ (reverent awe) textually distinguished from ‘honor the king’ (social respect) as Peter himself distinguishes them.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: الشركة
Transliteration: al-sharikah
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: الزمالة, الجماعة
Original: κοινωνία (κοινωνέω)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Risk elevated to High specifically at 4:13, where ‘sharing in Christ’s sufferings’ is paired directly with suffering-union language; extra care needed that this is not misheard as ‘partnering with/alongside God’ in a sense resembling shirk, given الشركة’s root-resonance with شرك.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: الأمم
Transliteration: al-umam
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Rejected alternatives: الكفار
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. At 2:12, 4:3-4. Keep distinct from the loaded singular الأمة used in the Critical holy_nation doctrine (2:9) — same root, different risk class.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: الضمير الصالح
Transliteration: al-ḑamīr al-ṣāliḥ
Doctrine: Good Conscience and Apologetic Witness
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Sanctification
2:19, 3:16, 3:21. Modern Arabic has a developed usage of al-damir; classical Islamic ethics builds this territory more around niyyah (intention) and qalb (heart) than an independent conscience faculty — brief contextual note warranted.
Honor Reversal
Approved rendering: الكرامة / الإكرام
Transliteration: al-karāmah / al-ikrām
Doctrine: Honor-Shame Reversal
Original: τιμή
Category: Suffering
1:7. Honor conferred on proven faith at Christ’s appearing, reversing present social reproach. Must be kept tied to the letter’s reversal argument, not smoothed into a generic ‘reward’ concept.
Human Desires Vs Will Of God
Approved rendering: شهوات الناس / مشيئة الله
Transliteration: shahawāt al-nās / mashī’at Allāh
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἐπιθυμίαι ἀνθρώπων / θέλημα Θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
4:2-3. Broadly shared vocabulary with Islamic ethics (which also warns against shahwat al-nafs); compatible concept, low collision.
Human Master
Approved rendering: السيد
Transliteration: al-sayyid
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: الرب
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority
2:18 (δεσπότης, human sense only). Contextually correct as a human-master term but must never bleed into or soften the Critical الرب rendering reserved exclusively for Christ (see lord entry). Same disambiguation applies to Sarah’s address to Abraham at 3:6.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: عبادة الأوثان
Transliteration: ‘ibādat al-awthān
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: شرك
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sanctification
4:3. Genuine partial overlap with shirk, Islam’s cardinal sin, but this denotes concrete Greco-Roman cultic idol-worship specifically — a narrower category. Use عبادة الأوثان, not any شرك-family term, and note the distinction explicitly.
Judgment Household Of God
Approved rendering: الدينونة تبتدئ من بيت الله
Transliteration: al-dīnūna tabtadi’ min bayt Allāh
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Coming
Original: κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
4:17. Reuses oikos/krino vocabulary; clarify this is refining scrutiny of God’s own household, not condemnatory judgment identical to that facing unbelievers.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: حجر حيّ
Transliteration: ḥajar ḥayy
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
2:4-5. Requires OT cornerstone-typology background teaching (Isaiah 28:16, Psalm 118:22) to avoid a flat, non-messianic reading.
Oracles Of God
Approved rendering: أقوال الله
Transliteration: aqwāl Allāh
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophetic Witness
Rejected alternatives: وحي الله
Original: λόγια Θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
4:11. Avoid vocabulary suggesting verbatim dictation in the Islamic wahy sense; touches the High-risk inspiration-of-scripture doctrine.
Peace
Approved rendering: السلام
Transliteration: al-salām
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: الأمان, الطمأنينة
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:2, 3:11 (LXX quotation), 5:14. Distinguish from Sufi/Quranic tuma’ninah (subjective heart-tranquility).
People For Possession
Approved rendering: شعب خاص لله
Transliteration: sha’b khāṣṣ lil-Lāh
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
2:9. Corporate identity title inherited from Israel; lower risk than the adjacent holy_nation phrase, teach within the same redemptive-historical frame.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: قوة الله
Transliteration: quwwat Allāh
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation (Guarded by God’s Power)
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. At 1:5, the divine power actively guarding believers through faith unto salvation.
Providence
Approved rendering: العناية الإلهية
Transliteration: al-‘ināyah al-ilāhiyyah
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation (Guarded by God’s Power)
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: πρόνοια concept (πρόγνωσις, πιστὸς κτίστης, 5:10 restoration)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies 1:2’s foreknowledge, 4:19’s faithful Creator, and 5:10’s restoration promises. Keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism.
Sojourner Exile
Approved rendering: الغرباء والمتغربون
Transliteration: al-ghurabā’ wa-l-mutagharribūn
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Rejected alternatives: اللاجئون
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Church
1:1, 1:17, 2:11. Theologically safe and pastorally powerful for many Arab Christian minority communities; keep the sense spiritual/social (heavenly citizenship amid a foreign society), not a purely political-legal refugee reading.
Soul
Approved rendering: النفس
Transliteration: al-nafs
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. Islamic anthropology develops al-nafs extensively (nafs ammarah, lawwamah, mutma’innah — staged moral struggle weighed at judgment). Here psyche denotes the whole redeemed person receiving an already-secured salvation, not a nafs whose fate remains suspended pending the mizan.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: المواهب الروحية
Transliteration: al-mawāhib al-rūḥiyyah
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: المواهب
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Always retain الروحية qualifier at 4:10 so it is not read as natural talent.
Steward
Approved rendering: وكيل
Transliteration: wakīl
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
4:10. Stewardship, not ownership/merit, framing must be preserved to avoid a self-earned-status reading of spiritual gifts.
Word Of God Seed
Approved rendering: كلمة الله / بذرة
Transliteration: kalimat Allāh / bidhrah
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophetic Witness
Original: λόγος / σπορά
Category: Covenant
1:23, 1:25. The living and enduring word of God, the instrumental seed of new birth, identified with the gospel preached.
Low Risk Terms
Babylon Code
Approved rendering: بابل
Transliteration: Bābil
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Rejected alternatives: روما (لا يجوز إبدال الاسم المشفّر بالمرجع التاريخي في النص نفسه)
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Covenant
5:13. Widely understood among scholars as a coded reference to Rome. Transliterate literally as بابل and supply the Rome-code explanation in a footnote; do not paraphrase into روما within the text itself, preserving the source’s own apocalyptic-code literary device.
Community Virtue List
Approved rendering: متحدو الفكر، متعاطفون، محبون للإخوة، ذوو حنان، متواضعون
Transliteration: muttaḥidū al-fikr, mutaʿāṭifūn, muḥibbūn lil-ikhwa, dhawū ḥanān, mutawāḑiʿūn
Doctrine: Vice and Virtue Catalogues of Community Life
3:8. Like-minded, sympathetic, brotherly, tender-hearted, humble-minded; anticipates the High-risk humility term of chapter 5.
David
Approved rendering: داود
Transliteration: Dāwūd
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Exiles and Diaspora
Inherited from Romans package. No direct citation in 1 Peter; retained only for cross-curriculum consistency.
Exhort
Approved rendering: يشجع / يعظ
Transliteration: yushajji’ / ya’iẓ
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. At 5:1 (Peter’s own act of exhorting elders) and 5:12.
Goal Of Faith
Approved rendering: غاية الإيمان
Transliteration: ghāyat al-īmān
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: τέλος τῆς πίστεως
Category: Salvation
1:9. The salvation of souls as the intended goal, not an accidental byproduct, of faith.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: مضياف
Transliteration: muḑyāf
Doctrine: Eschatological Sobriety and Community Greeting Customs
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church
4:9. Compatible with strong Arab hospitality cultural values; low collision.
Joy
Approved rendering: الفرح
Transliteration: al-faraḥ
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: χαρά / ἀγαλλιάω
Category: Faith
1:6, 1:8. Preserve the theological point that joy and grief coexist simultaneously, not sequentially.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: قبلة المحبة
Transliteration: qublat al-maḥabba
Doctrine: Eschatological Sobriety and Community Greeting Customs
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Church
5:14. Positive cultural fit: same-gender cheek-kissing as greeting remains a normal, unremarkable social custom in much of the contemporary Arab world.
Noah Ark
Approved rendering: نوح / الفُلك
Transliteration: Nūḥ / al-fulk
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: Νῶε / κιβωτός
Category: Covenant
3:20. Rare positive bridge: names fully coincide with the Quranic Nuh/al-fulk (the Quran itself uses al-fulk for the ark). Still note that the flood’s typological significance here (salvation through water, prefiguring baptism) differs from the Quran’s flood-as-judgment-only emphasis.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوءة
Transliteration: nubū’ah
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophetic Witness
Original: προφητεία concept
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. At 1:11-12.
Restoration Promise
Approved rendering: سيجدّد / سيثبت / سيقوّي / سيؤسس
Transliteration: sayujaddid / sayuthabbit / sayuqawwī / sayu’assis
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation (Guarded by God’s Power)
Original: καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Salvation
5:10. God’s commitment to restore, confirm, strengthen, establish believers after suffering; no hedging language permitted, reinforcing the assurance-of-salvation doctrine.
Serve Minister
Approved rendering: يخدم
Transliteration: yakhdumu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: διακονέω
Category: Church
4:10-11. Root of the later ‘deacon’ office; low-risk service vocabulary.
Sober Self Controlled
Approved rendering: صاحٍ / متعقّل
Transliteration: ṣāḥin / muta’aqqil
Doctrine: Eschatological Sobriety and Community Greeting Customs
Original: νήφω / σωφρονέω
Category: Eschatology
4:7. Standard eschatological-watchfulness exhortation vocabulary.
Vice List Conduct
Approved rendering: الشر، الغش، الرياء، الحسد، الافتراء
Transliteration: al-shirr, al-ghishsh, al-riyā’, al-ḥasad, al-iftirā’
Doctrine: Vice and Virtue Catalogues of Community Life
2:1. Malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy, slander; broadly shared moral vocabulary compatible with Islamic ethical categories.
Referenced passages