Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Proverbs (English → Arabic)
Generated: 2026-07-03 (Phase 1, Step 1) Curriculum: Proverbs (full book, 31 chapters); Core passage: Proverbs 3:1-12 Source text base: Biblical Hebrew (מִשְׁלֵי); Koine Greek cited only for direct NT quotations (esp. Hebrews 12:5-6 quoting Proverbs 3:11-12)
Reuse rule: Every term already recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans package) is reused exactly as recorded there. New terms introduced by Proverbs are assigned risk tiers using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as doctrine_risk_registry.json, and routed for review the same way (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Package
| English term | Hebrew equivalent (where applicable) | Arabic (baseline, reused as-is) | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine | Note for Proverbs usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | אֱלֹהִים / יהוה | الله | Critical | God | Reused for Elohim/YHWH throughout Proverbs |
| the LORD | יְהוָה | الرب | Critical | Lordship of God | Reused for YHWH throughout; distinct referent (God the Father in OT covenant context) from Romans’ Christological confession, but same Arabic term per Van Dyck/NAV tradition |
| righteousness (abstract quality) | צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה | البر | Critical | Salvation / Practical Righteousness | Directly relevant: Proverbs’ “Practical Righteousness in Daily Life” doctrine must be taught alongside Romans’ warning that البر (echoing Quran 2:177’s works-checklist) must never collapse into earned righteousness — Proverbs’ wise conduct is the fruit of a right heart before God, not the ground of standing before him |
| sin / sinners | חַטָּאָה / חַטָּאִים | الخطية / الخطاة | High | Universal Human Accountability | Reused root; Proverbs’ sinners (חַטָּאִים) are morally culpable individuals, consistent with baseline’s caution against Islamic fitrah (innate purity) doctrine |
| peace | שָׁלוֹם | السلام | Medium | Peace with God | Reused, but note expanded OT semantic range (holistic well-being) vs. Romans’ narrower forensic sense — flag in teaching notes |
| glory / honor | כָּבוֹד | المجد | High | Deity of Christ (Romans); Honor of God (Proverbs) | Reused root; retain baseline’s caution against light-metaphor renderings (relevant at Proverbs 20:27, “the LORD’s lamp”) |
| father (as simile for God) | אָב | أب / الآب | Critical | Adoption / Father-Son doctrine | Proverbs 3:12’s father-son simile is a HUMAN illustration, not a direct doctrinal claim; use indefinite أب/ابن, never الآب/ابن الله, per the core-passage note |
B. New Terms Introduced by Proverbs (Not in Baseline)
Doctrine: The Fear of the Lord as the Beginning of Wisdom
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fear of the LORD | יִרְאַת יְהוָה / yir’at Yahweh | مخافة الرب | High | Established Van Dyck rendering; collides with Islamic taqwa (Sharia-bound God-consciousness) and khawf (deeds-accounting dread); teach as relational, reverence-based trust flowing FROM covenant relationship, not merit-anxiety. Structural spine of the book: 1:7, 9:10, 31:30 — must render identically at all three occurrences. |
| turn away from evil | סוּר מֵרָע / sur mera | الابتعاد عن الشر | Low-Medium | Fruit, not precondition, of reverent fear |
| beginning (of knowledge/wisdom) | רֵאשִׁית / reshit | البداية | Low | Also used in temporal sense at 8:22 (see below) and offering sense at 3:9 (firstfruits) — three distinct Arabic renderings needed per sense; flag homonym awareness |
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom | חָכְמָה / chokmah | الحكمة | High (book-wide); Critical (ch.8 pre-existence passage) | Collides with Al-Hakim (Allah’s attribute-name) and static hikmah concept; Proverbs personifies Wisdom as an active, calling, feminine figure — a genuinely different category readers must be taught explicitly, not assumed as equivalent |
| possessed/acquired/brought forth | קָנָה / qanah (Prov 8:22) | امتلكني / أوجدني | Critical | Historically contested (LXX ἔκτισέν “created” fueled 4th-c. Arian controversy); do not silently resolve the ambiguity; mandatory theologian review |
| brought forth in labor | חוּל, חִיל / chuwl, chil (Prov 8:24-25) | وُلدت (كصورة أدبية) | High | Teach explicitly as literary personification, not a parallel claim to Christ’s eternal generation |
| master craftsman / nursling | אָמוֹן / amon (Prov 8:30) | حرفيّ ماهر / نشأت في حضنه | High | Textually disputed; present both readings, do not resolve silently |
| tree of life | עֵץ חַיִּים / etz chayim (Prov 3:18) | شجرة الحياة | Medium | Echoes Genesis Eden and Quranic “شجرة الخلد”; clarify Wisdom, not a literal tree, is signified |
| Wisdom’s house/feast vs. Folly’s house | בַּיִת / bayit (Prov 9) | بيت الحكمة / بيت الجهالة | Medium | Two competing invitations; reinforces personification |
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the righteous (person) | צַדִּיק / tzaddik | البار (recommended) | High | Terminology decision: override Van Dyck’s historic الصديق to avoid double-duty with “friend” (below) and the Islamic honorific al-Siddiq; use البار for cross-curriculum consistency with البر |
| the wicked | רָשָׁע / rasha | الأشرار | Medium | Never render as كفار (unbelievers) — moral, not religious-identity, category |
| integrity | תֹּם / tom | النزاهة / الكمال | Low | |
| deceit / false scales | מִרְמָה, פֶּלֶס / mirmah, peles | الغش / الميزان الغشّ | Low-Medium | Commercial-honesty ethic |
| guard your heart | נְצֹר לִבֶּךָ / netzor libbekha (4:23) | احفظ قلبك | Low | Doctrinally foundational despite low lexical risk |
| oppress the poor | עָשַׁק / ‘ashaq | ظلم الفقير | Low | Social-justice dimension |
| good name | שֵׁם טוֹב / shem tov | الاسم الصالح | Low | |
| train up a child | חָנַךְ / chanak (22:6) | درّب الولد | Medium | Connect to musar/discipline entries below |
| excellent/virtuous woman | אֵשֶׁת חַיִל / eshet chayil (31:10) | المرأة الفاضلة | Medium | Doctrine’s climactic embodiment; cultural-sensitivity framing note needed for household-role imagery |
| firstfruits | רֵאשִׁית / reshit (3:9) | باكورة | Medium | Must be distinguished from Islamic zakat (obligatory legal duty); this flows from grateful trust, not quota-discharge |
| abomination | תּוֹעֵבָה / to’ebah (6:16-19) | الرجس / ما يكرهه الرب | Medium | Relational moral revulsion, not a fiqh-legal haram category |
| buy the truth | אֱמֶת / emet (23:23) | اشتر الحق ولا تبعه | Low-Medium | Wisdom’s non-negotiable value |
Doctrine: The Contrast of the Wise and the Fool
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| simple/naive | פֶּתִי / peti | الجهال | High | Root ج-ه-ل risks resonance with Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic “age of ignorance”); Proverbs’ sense is present moral immaturity, not a historical-religious era |
| fool | כְּסִיל / kesil | الحمقى / الأحمق | Medium | Distinct, safer root (ح-م-ق) than الجهال |
| scoffer/mocker | לֵץ / letz | المستهزئ | Low-Medium | |
| wise woman builds her house | חַכְמוֹת נָשִׁים / chakhmot nashim (14:1) | المرأة الحكيمة تبني بيتها | Medium | Household/gender imagery needs sensitivity framing |
| fool repeats folly | (26:11, dog-vomit simile) | reuse كسيل root | Low | Vivid simile, no separate risk beyond ch.10 fool entry |
Doctrine: Speech and Self-Control
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tongue | לָשׁוֹן / lashon | اللسان | Medium | Recurs chs.10,12,13,15,18,21,25,26 — moral power of speech for life or death |
| gentle answer | מַעֲנֶה רַךְ / ma’aneh rakh (15:1) | الجواب اللين | Low | |
| no restraint over his spirit | אֵין מַעְצָר לְרוּחוֹ / ein ma’tzor l’rucho (25:28) | الذي لا سلطان له على روحه | Medium | Positive bridge to Islamic jihad al-nafs; avoid importing full ascetic merit-framework |
| wine is a mocker | יַיִן לֵץ / yayin letz (20:1) | الخمر يجعل الإنسان مستهزئا | Low | Self-control applied to intoxicants |
| talebearer/gossip | נִרְגָּן / nirgan (26:20,22) | النمّام | Low |
Doctrine: Diligence versus Sloth
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sluggard | עָצֵל / ‘atzel | الكسلان | Low | |
| ant | נְמָלָה / nemalah | النملة | Low | Nature-illustration |
| diligent (hand) | חָרוּץ / charutz | النشيط (recommended) | Low-Medium | Avoid المجتهد typesetting ambiguity with ijtihad (Islamic jurisprudential reasoning) |
| faint/slack in adversity | רָפָה / raphah (24:10) | إن ارتخيت في يوم الشدة | Medium | Perseverance-under-trial application |
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trust | בָּטַח / batach (3:5) | التوكل | High | Shared vocabulary with Islamic tawakkul; established Van Dyck rendering — retain, but always pair with a note grounding this trust in the LORD’s revealed, covenant character, not generic fatalistic submission |
| acknowledge/know (him) | יָדַע / yada (3:6) | اعرفه | Medium | Relational-experiential knowing, not mere creedal `ilm/ma’rifah assent |
| paths (he makes straight) | אֹרַח / orach (3:6) | الطريق / السبيل | Medium | Thematic bridge/tension with Quranic al-sirat al-mustaqim; God actively straightens the path in response to trust — distinct emphasis |
| commit your works to the LORD | הָגֵל אֶל־יְהוָה מַעֲשֶׂיךָ / hagel… (16:3) | سلّم أعمالك للرب | High | Pairs with 3:5-6 as the doctrine’s anchor verses |
| the LORD’s purposes/plans | עֵצָה / ‘etzah (16:1,9) | مقاصد الرب / مشورة الرب | Medium | Avoid folk-qadar fatalism, per baseline’s providence-doctrine handling |
| lot cast | גּוֹרָל / goral (16:33) | القرعة | Medium | Affirms God’s sovereignty over chance; not license for divination |
| king’s heart in the LORD’s hand | לֵב־מֶלֶךְ בְּיַד־יְהוָה / lev melekh b’yad Yahweh (21:1) | قلب الملك في يد الرب | Medium | Contemporary political-sensitivity flag; native-speaker review |
| the LORD’s lamp searches the spirit | נֵר יְהוָה / ner Yahweh (20:27) | سراج الرب يفحص الروح | High | Cross-reference baseline’s “glory” caution against light-metaphors evoking Sufi ishraq mysticism |
| name of the LORD, strong tower | מִגְדַּל־עֹז / migdal ‘oz (18:10) | اسم الرب برج حصين | Medium | Refuge imagery |
| do not add to his words | אַל־תּוֹסְף עַל דְּבָרָיו / al tosef al devarav (30:6) | لا تزد على كلماته | High | Sufficiency of revealed words; cross-reference baseline’s naskh (abrogation) caution under “fulfillment_of_prophecy” |
| who has ascended to heaven? | עָלָה שָׁמַיִם / alah shamayim (30:4) | من صعد إلى السماء؟ | Medium-High | Possible tension with Islamic Mi’raj tradition; frame carefully |
| humility before God | (Agur’s oracle, 30:1-3) | التواضع أمام الله | Medium | Positive bridge to Islamic tawadu’ virtue |
Supporting / Cross-Cutting Terms
| English | Hebrew / translit. | Arabic rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| heart | לֵב / lev | القلب | Low (lexical) / doctrinally central | Full range = mind + will + emotion; broader than Arabic popular usage (emotion-only) |
| understanding | בִּינָה / binah | الفهم | Low-Medium | |
| discernment/prudence | עָרְמָה, תְּבוּנָה / ‘ormah, tebunah | الفطنة | Low | ط, not ت — no collision with fitnah (سedition/temptation, root ف-ت-ن) |
| knowledge | דַּעַת / da’at | المعرفة | Medium | Risk of drift toward Sufi ma’rifah (mystical gnosis) rather than covenantal-moral knowledge |
| instruction (general/formative) | מוּסָר / musar (1:2-3 sense) | الأدب | Medium | |
| discipline (corrective) | מוּסָר / musar (3:11 sense) | التأديب | High | Context-sensitive with above, per baseline’s “called/calling” pattern; proximity to Critical father/adoption doctrines |
| torah/teaching (father’s instruction) | תּוֹרָה / torah (3:1) | تعليمي | High | Deliberate departure from Van Dyck’s شريعة to avoid Islamic Sharia collision; NOT the same referent as baseline’s الناموس (Mosaic Law/Romans) |
| favor | חֵן / chen (3:4) | حظوة / رضى (recommended over bare نعمة) | High | Risk of reversing baseline’s grace doctrine if rendered نعمة without a disambiguating note — this is conditional wisdom-literature favor, not unmerited soteriological grace |
| steadfast love / covenant loyalty | חֶסֶד / chesed (3:3) | الرحمة الثابتة / اللطف الدائم | High | Avoid bare رحمة (Islamic rahmah collision, same pattern as baseline’s grace caution) |
| faithfulness/truth | אֱמֶת / emet (3:3, 23:23) | الحق / الأمانة | Medium | Covenant-formula pairing with chesed (Exodus 34:6 echo) |
| tablet of the heart | לוּחַ לֵב / luach lev (3:3) | لوح القلب | Medium | لوح shared with اللوح المحفوظ (Islamic cosmological Preserved Tablet); clarify this is a personal, internal metaphor |
| strange/foreign woman | אִשָּׁה זָרָה, נָכְרִיָּה / ishah zarah, nokriyah | المرأة الغريبة / الزانية | Medium | Both literal-marital and Folly-personification senses recur chs.2,5,6,7,9 |
| friend | אֹהֵב, רֵעַ / ohev, rea’ | الصديق | Low | Reserved exclusively for “friend”; not used for tzaddik (see البار decision above) |
| iron sharpens iron | בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל / barzel b’varzel (27:17) | الحديد بالحديد يُحدَّد | Low | Cross-reference baseline’s Low-risk “mutual edification” doctrine |
| anxious heart | דְּאָגָה / de’agah (12:25) | القلق / الهم في القلب | Low | |
| gladness of heart | שִׂמְחַת לֵב / simchat lev (15:13) | فرح القلب | Low | |
| boast about tomorrow | הִתְהַלֵּל / hithalel (27:1) | لا تفتخر بالغد | Low | |
| honor (the LORD) | כַּבֵּד / kabbed (3:9) | كرّم / أكرم | Medium | Reuse of glory/honor family |
| healing (metaphorical) | רִפְאוּת / riph’ut (3:8) | شفاء | Medium | Prosperity-gospel over-literalization caution |
C. Risk Summary (Proverbs New Terms Only)
| Risk tier | Count | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 2 (Wisdom Personified in ch.8’s qanah/chokmah, plus escalated occurrences) | Human theologian — mandatory, do not resolve textual/theological ambiguity silently |
| High | 17 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 19 | Automated review |
Total new terms cataloged: 62 (in addition to 7 baseline terms reused exactly, per Section A).
Structural note for Phase 2: The three occurrences of “fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom/knowledge” (1:7, 9:10) and “she fears the LORD” (31:30) form the book’s doctrinal inclusio and must be rendered with byte-for-byte identical Arabic phrasing (مخافة الرب) across every document in this curriculum, per the same cross-document consistency principle the baseline applies to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: الله
Transliteration: Allāh
Doctrine: God
Original: אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Allah is the standard Arabic word for God, used by Arabic-speaking Christians for centuries before and after Islam. Proverbs’ Elohim/YHWH both render as الله/الرب; the risk is entirely in content, not vocabulary - Islamic tawhid’s strictly unitarian, non-incarnate conception of Allah must be actively distinguished from the Trinitarian conception the same word denotes across the whole canon, Proverbs included.
Lord
Approved rendering: الرب
Transliteration: al-Rabb
Doctrine: Lordship of God / Trust in the LORD’s Providence
Rejected alternatives: السيد, المولى
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Romans, الرب is reserved for the explicit Christological confession ‘Jesus is Lord’ (10:9). In Proverbs the immediate referent is YHWH, God the Father, under the Mosaic covenant - the same Arabic word is doctrinally correct per Van Dyck/NAV tradition, but teaching notes must clarify this OT covenant referent is fulfilled, not contradicted, by the NT’s fuller Trinitarian revelation, so learners do not read the two uses of الرب as unrelated homonyms.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: البر
Transliteration: al-birr
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Rejected alternatives: الصلاح, العدل
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: al-birr appears in the Quran (2:177) as a checklist of pious deeds. In Proverbs, البر’s practical, observable righteousness must be taught as the FRUIT of a heart already oriented by the fear of the LORD (1:7; 3:1-12’s relationship-first sequence), never the GROUND that earns that orientation - otherwise it collapses into the same works-checklist sense the baseline flags for Romans.
Father
Approved rendering: أب / الآب
Transliteration: ab / al-Āb
Doctrine: Adoption / The LORD’s Discipline as an Expression of Fatherly Love
Inherited from Romans package, with a Proverbs-specific split applied: الآب (definite) remains reserved EXCLUSIVELY for the first Trinitarian Person and must never appear in Proverbs 3:12. The human-father SIMILE at 3:12 (‘as a father the son in whom he delights’) must use only the indefinite أب/ابن and is a human illustration of the LORD’s discipline, not itself the doctrine of divine Fatherhood or Adoption - though it is a genuine canonical forerunner directly quoted at Hebrews 12:5-7. Flag every occurrence for theologian review to prevent doctrinal conflation in either direction.
Law
Approved rendering: الناموس
Transliteration: al-nāmūs
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: الشريعة, الشرع
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, and cited here as the RESERVED term Proverbs must NOT reuse for torah in its Proverbs 3:1 sense (the sage-father’s generic wisdom-teaching, not the Mosaic legal code). See torah_fathers_teaching below for the required distinct rendering (تعليمي). Never substitute الشريعة for either referent.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: الحكمة
Transliteration: al-hikmah
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
Original: חָכְמָה
Category: Wisdom Personified
Book-wide High risk, escalated to CRITICAL specifically in chapter 8:22-31. الحكمة collides with Al-Hakim (The Wise, one of Allah’s 99 names) and with hikmah as a static divine attribute; Proverbs personifies Wisdom as an active, calling, feminine figure who claims a role in creation - a category with no ready Islamic theological parallel. Any typological reading toward Christ (1 Cor 1:24) must be taught as a disputed, later Christian interpretive tradition, never asserted as the Hebrew text’s plain sense.
Qanah Wisdom Origin
Approved rendering: امتلكني / أوجدني
Transliteration: imtalakanī / awjadanī
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
Rejected alternatives: خلقني (created me - subordinationist/Arian risk, echoes LXX ἔκτισέν), ولدني (begat me - risks conflating literary personification with Christ’s eternal generation)
Original: קָנָה (Proverbs 8:22)
Category: Wisdom Personified
CRITICAL (Proverbs 8:22). The LXX’s ἔκτισέν (‘created’) became a flashpoint in the 4th-century Arian controversy when this verse was read Christologically. Do NOT silently resolve the Hebrew qanah’s ambiguity toward either ‘created’ or ‘begat.’ Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence; preserve the ambiguity permanently in translator notes rather than resolving it.
High Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: الخطية / الخطاة
Transliteration: al-khaṭīyah / al-khaṭāh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: الذنب, الإثم
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Proverbs’ sinners (חַטָּאִים) are morally culpable individuals with real agency and real guilt, consistent with the baseline’s caution against Islamic fitrah (innate purity) doctrine, which would flatten Proverbs’ urgent moral warnings (e.g. 1:10-19) into optional lifestyle advice.
Glory
Approved rendering: المجد
Transliteration: al-majd
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Honor of God
Rejected alternatives: النور الإلهي
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retain the baseline’s caution against light-metaphor renderings that could evoke Sufi ishraq (illuminationist) mysticism, directly relevant at Proverbs 20:27 (‘the LORD’s lamp searches the spirit’) and 25:2 (honor of kings, same kavod root).
Grace
Approved rendering: النعمة
Transliteration: al-ni’mah
Doctrine: Grace / Covenant Character: Steadfast Love and Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: الفضل, الرحمة
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, and cited here as the RESERVED term Proverbs must NOT reuse for chen (חֵן, 3:4) or chesed (חֶסֶד, 3:3). Using bare النعمة for Proverbs’ conditional wisdom-literature ‘favor’ would reverse the baseline’s entire unmerited-grace doctrine; see favor_chen and steadfast_love_chesed below for the required disambiguated renderings.
Brought Forth In Labor
Approved rendering: وُلدت (كصورة أدبية)
Transliteration: wulidtu (ka-ṣūrah adabiyyah)
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
Original: חוּל / חִיל (Proverbs 8:24-25)
Category: Wisdom Personified
Proverbs 8:24-25 birth-imagery describing Wisdom’s poetic origin. Must be taught explicitly as literary personification illustrating Wisdom’s intimacy with God’s creative work, NOT as a parallel claim to the Critical baseline doctrine of the Son’s eternal begetting/generation.
Amon Master Craftsman
Approved rendering: حرفيّ ماهر / نشأت في حضنه
Transliteration: ḥirafiyy māhir / nasha’tu fī ḥiḍnihi
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
Original: אָמוֹן (Proverbs 8:30)
Category: Wisdom Personified
Proverbs 8:30. Textually disputed Hebrew word (amon): ‘master craftsman’ vs. LXX ἁρμόζουσα (‘joining/attuning’) vs. a ‘nursling/constantly’ reading. Present both candidate renderings; do not silently resolve. Flag for mandatory theologian review.
Righteous Person
Approved rendering: البار
Transliteration: al-bārr
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Rejected alternatives: الصديق (collides with ordinary ‘friend’ and with the Islamic honorific al-Siddiq, Abu Bakr’s Qur’anic epithet, 4:69)
Original: צַדִּיק
Category: Practical Righteousness
TERMINOLOGY DECISION overriding Van Dyck’s historic OT choice (الصديق). Use البار (sharing the root ب-ر-ر with البر) throughout Proverbs 10-29’s antithetical couplets for cross-curriculum consistency with the baseline’s righteousness doctrine. Reserve الصديق exclusively for ‘friend’ (see friend_ohev).
Simple Naive
Approved rendering: الجهال
Transliteration: al-juhhāl
Doctrine: The Contrast of the Wise and the Fool
Original: פֶּתִי
Category: Wisdom vs Folly
peti - a morally unformed, easily-led person. The root ج-ه-ل risks strong resonance with Jahiliyyah, the Islamic term for the pre-Islamic ‘age of ignorance’ preceding revelation - a historical-religious-era concept entirely distinct from Proverbs’ peti, a PRESENT, individual, correctable moral state. Mandatory standing disambiguation note at first occurrence in every document; highest-frequency false-friend risk in the book outside chapter 8.
Trust Batach
Approved rendering: التوكل
Transliteration: al-tawakkul
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: בָּטַח (3:5)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 3:5, batach - the doctrine’s anchor verb. Van Dyck’s own established rendering and the precise technical term for the Islamic spiritual station (maqam) of reliance on Allah (cf. ‘tie your camel, then trust in Allah’). Retain per the same shared-vocabulary logic the baseline applies to الله, but every occurrence requires a grounding note: this trust rests specifically in the LORD’s revealed, covenant-keeping character (fulfilled in Christ), not generic fatalistic submission alongside self-effort, nor a step toward meritorious standing.
Commit Works To The Lord
Approved rendering: سلّم أعمالك للرب
Transliteration: sallim a’mālaka lil-Rabb
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: הָגֵל אֶל־יְהוָה מַעֲשֶׂיךָ (16:3)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 16:3, hagel el-Yahweh ma’asekha. The doctrine’s second anchor verse alongside 3:5-6; must be taught in deliberate harmony with that passage for doctrinal consistency across the curriculum.
Lords Lamp Searches Spirit
Approved rendering: سراج الرب يفحص الروح
Transliteration: sirāj al-Rabb yafḥaṣ al-rūḥ
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: נֵר יְהוָה (20:27)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 20:27, ner Yahweh. Cross-reference the baseline’s glory-doctrine caution against light-metaphor renderings that could evoke Sufi ishraq (illuminationist) mysticism; this is God’s searching moral knowledge of a person, not mystical light-union.
Do Not Add To His Words
Approved rendering: لا تزد على كلماته
Transliteration: lā tazid ‘alā kalimātihi
Doctrine: The Sufficiency and Closedness of God’s Revealed Words
Original: אַל־תּוֹסְף עַל דְּבָרָיו (30:6)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 30:6. A direct apologetic point regarding the closedness of the canon, directly relevant to the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy caution about Islamic naskh (abrogation), which treats later revelation as superseding earlier revelation. Teach pastorally, not polemically. Mandatory theologian review.
Who Has Ascended To Heaven
Approved rendering: من صعد إلى السماء؟
Transliteration: man ṣa’ida ilā al-samā’?
Doctrine: The Sufficiency and Closedness of God’s Revealed Words
Original: עָלָה שָׁמַיִם (30:4)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 30:4. Flag for careful teaching framing given possible resonance with (and implicit tension against) the Islamic Mi’raj (night ascension) tradition; the point is human epistemic limitation apart from revelation, not a rival ascension claim to be argued point-for-point.
Steadfast Love Chesed
Approved rendering: الرحمة الثابتة / اللطف الدائم
Transliteration: al-raḥmah al-thābitah / al-luṭf al-dā’im
Doctrine: Covenant Character: Steadfast Love and Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: رحمة (bare - imports the same collision the baseline flags for ‘grace’: Islamic rahmah, one of Allah’s 99 names, functions as favor responsive to obedience)
Original: חֶסֶד (3:3)
Category: Covenant Character
Proverbs 3:3, chesed. Van Dyck historically renders chesed as رحمة; never substitute النعمة either. Use the disambiguated compound consistently.
Favor Chen
Approved rendering: حظوة / رضى
Transliteration: ḥaẕwah / riḍā
Doctrine: Covenant Character: Steadfast Love and Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: نعمة (bare - reuses the baseline’s Critical/High soteriological grace term for a CONDITIONAL wisdom-literature sense, ‘if you keep these teachings, you will find favor,’ risking a reversal of the entire grace doctrine)
Original: חֵן (3:4)
Category: Covenant Character
Proverbs 3:4, chen. If النعمة is ever retained for pastoral-readability reasons, it requires a mandatory disambiguating teaching note at every single occurrence; حظوة/رضى is the preferred default to avoid the risk altogether.
Musar Corrective Discipline
Approved rendering: تأديب الرب
Transliteration: ta’dīb al-Rabb
Doctrine: The LORD’s Discipline as an Expression of Fatherly Love
Rejected alternatives: الحدّ (Islamic Sharia corporal-punishment paradigm for legal violations)
Original: מוּסָר (3:11 sense: ‘the LORD’s discipline’)
Category: Discipline
musar Yahweh, Proverbs 3:11 - directly quoted in Koine Greek at Hebrews 12:5-6 (παιδεία κυρίου). Must be taught as loving, formative, relational correction, never the Islamic hadd-punishment paradigm nor fatalistic decree. Flag for theologian review given proximity to the Critical father_simile at 3:12.
Torah Fathers Teaching
Approved rendering: تعليمي
Transliteration: ta’līmī
Doctrine: Instruction
Rejected alternatives: شريعتي (Van Dyck’s historic OT choice - collides with the baseline’s explicit, Critical-tier avoidance of الشريعة/Sharia association), ناموسي (the baseline’s reserved term for the Mosaic Law - a different doctrinal referent from this generic father’s-wisdom sense)
Original: תּוֹרָה (3:1)
Category: Instruction
Proverbs 3:1, torah in its father’s-generic-wisdom-instruction sense, NOT the Mosaic legal code. Deliberate project-level terminology ruling, not merely a one-off word choice; mandatory theologian review to confirm this ruling is applied consistently wherever torah occurs in this generic sense across the book.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: السلام
Transliteration: al-salām
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Rejected alternatives: الأمان, الطمأنينة
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, with an added semantic-range flag: Proverbs’ shalom (3:2, 17) carries a wider, holistic sense (health, relational, material flourishing) than Romans 5:1’s narrower forensic ‘peace with God.’ Note the expanded range explicitly so learners do not conflate the two senses.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: شجرة الحياة
Transliteration: shajarat al-ḥayāh
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
Original: עֵץ חַיִּים (3:18)
Category: Wisdom Personified
Proverbs 3:18. Echoes both the Genesis Eden narrative and the Quran’s own ‘شجرة الخلد’ (tree of eternity, 20:120) in its parallel Eden account. Clarify explicitly that Wisdom herself, not a literal tree, is signified.
Wisdom House And Folly House
Approved rendering: بيت الحكمة / بيت الجهالة
Transliteration: bayt al-ḥikmah / bayt al-jahālah
Doctrine: Wisdom Personified
Original: בַּיִת (chapter 9)
Category: Wisdom Personified
Proverbs 9. Two competing houses/feasts, Wisdom’s (9:1-6) and Folly’s (9:13-18), each issuing an invitation. Reinforces rather than introduces the Wisdom-Personified doctrine; the two-invitation, two-destiny structure is the teaching point.
Wicked Person
Approved rendering: الأشرار
Transliteration: al-ashrār
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Rejected alternatives: الكفار (unbelievers - a religious-identity judgment category, not a moral-conduct category)
Original: רָשָׁע
Category: Practical Righteousness
The contrast-pole to البار throughout chapters 10-29. Never render as كفار, per the baseline’s identical caution for ‘gentiles.‘
Guard Your Heart
Approved rendering: احفظ قلبك
Transliteration: iḥfaẓ qalbaka
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: נְצֹר לִבֶּךָ (4:23)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 4:23, ‘for from it flow the springs of life.’ Low lexical risk but doctrinally foundational - the anchor verse for the inside-out (heart-before-conduct) logic of the whole doctrine.
Train Up A Child
Approved rendering: درّب الولد
Transliteration: darrib al-walad
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: חָנַךְ (22:6)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 22:6, chanak - formative, dedicatory child-rearing. Connect explicitly to musar_formative_instruction and musar_corrective_discipline entries so ‘training’ is understood as formative and relational, not merely punitive.
Excellent Woman
Approved rendering: المرأة الفاضلة
Transliteration: al-mar’ah al-fāḍilah
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Rejected alternatives: امرأة القوة (literal calque of eshet chayil - reads oddly, loses moral-excellence sense)
Original: אֵשֶׁת חַיִל (31:10)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 31:10-31, eshet chayil - the doctrine’s climactic embodied example. المرأة الفاضلة under-carries the chayil (strength/valor) component of the Hebrew; supplement with an explanatory note on the fuller semantic range and a cultural-sensitivity framing note for household/economic-role imagery, since both traditionalist and egalitarian readings circulate among contemporary Arab readers. Teach the underlying virtues (diligence, wisdom, generosity, fear of the LORD, 31:30) as the portable point.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: باكورة
Transliteration: bākūrah
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Rejected alternatives: ربط المعنى بالزكاة (implying an obligatory legal quota rather than grateful, relationship-flowing offering)
Original: רֵאשִׁית (3:9)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 3:9, reshit. Must be distinguished from Islamic zakat, an obligatory Pillar of Islam functioning as a meritorious legal duty; this offering flows from grateful trust in the LORD’s providence, not quota-discharge toward salvation - a direct tie to the grace-vs-works distinction the baseline draws for النعمة/البر.
Abomination
Approved rendering: الرجس / ما يكرهه الرب
Transliteration: al-rijs / mā yakrahuhu al-Rabb
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Rejected alternatives: حرام (Islamic fiqh-legal forbidden category)
Original: תּוֹעֵבָה (6:16-19)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 6:16-19, to’ebah - ‘the seven things the LORD hates.’ Must not be read through an Islamic haram (ritually/legally forbidden) fiqh lens; this is relational moral revulsion rooted in the LORD’s own character, not a legal-code violation category.
Buy The Truth
Approved rendering: اشتر الحق ولا تبعه
Transliteration: ishtari al-ḥaqq wa-lā tabi’hu
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: אֱמֶת קְנֵה (23:23)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 23:23, a notable Hebrew wordplay reusing emet (see faithfulness_emet) and qanah (see qanah_wisdom_origin) roots together. Cross-reference both entries in teaching notes.
Fool Kesil
Approved rendering: الحمقى / الأحمق
Transliteration: al-ḥumqā / al-aḥmaq
Doctrine: The Contrast of the Wise and the Fool
Original: כְּסִיל
Category: Wisdom vs Folly
kesil - obstinate, habitual resistance to correction. Distinct root ح-م-ق from الجهال; the safer default rendering for ‘fool’ generally.
Scoffer Letz
Approved rendering: المستهزئ
Transliteration: al-mustahzi’
Doctrine: The Contrast of the Wise and the Fool
Original: לֵץ
Category: Wisdom vs Folly
letz - one who resists correction through derision and mockery. Standard vocabulary, low-medium independent risk.
Wise Woman Builds House
Approved rendering: المرأة الحكيمة تبني بيتها
Transliteration: al-mar’ah al-ḥakīmah tabnī baytahā
Doctrine: The Contrast of the Wise and the Fool
Original: חַכְמוֹת נָשִׁים (14:1)
Category: Wisdom vs Folly
Proverbs 14:1. Household/gender imagery needs the same cultural-sensitivity framing applied to excellent_woman; forerunner of that chapter’s climax.
Tongue
Approved rendering: اللسان
Transliteration: al-lisān
Doctrine: Speech and Self-Control
Original: לָשׁוֹן
Category: Speech and Self-Control
lashon. Recurs chapters 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 25, 26; central term for the whole Speech-and-Self-Control doctrine, culminating at 18:21 (‘the tongue has the power of life and death’).
No Restraint Over Spirit
Approved rendering: الذي لا سلطان له على روحه
Transliteration: alladhī lā sulṭāna lahu ‘alā rūḥihi
Doctrine: Speech and Self-Control
Original: אֵין מַעְצָר לְרוּחוֹ (25:28)
Category: Speech and Self-Control
Proverbs 25:28, anchor verse of the doctrine, self-mastery compared to a city without walls. Genuine positive bridge to the Islamic virtue of jihad al-nafs (striving against the self); teach the common ground without importing that concept’s full ascetic, merit-based theological framework onto this simple wisdom-proverb.
Diligent Hand
Approved rendering: النشيط
Transliteration: al-nashīṭ
Doctrine: Diligence versus Sloth
Rejected alternatives: المجتهد (false-friend collision with ijtihad, the Islamic jurisprudential-reasoning category, entirely unrelated to Proverbs’ plain work-ethic concept)
Original: יָד חָרוּצִים / חָרוּץ
Category: Diligence vs Sloth
charutz. Use النشيط consistently for ‘diligent’ throughout the curriculum.
Faint In Adversity
Approved rendering: إن ارتخيت في يوم الشدة
Transliteration: in irtakhayta fī yawm al-shiddah
Doctrine: Diligence versus Sloth
Original: רָפָה (24:10)
Category: Diligence vs Sloth
Proverbs 24:10, raphah - extends the doctrine into perseverance under trial, not merely everyday work ethic.
Acknowledge Yada
Approved rendering: اعرفه
Transliteration: i’rifhu
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: יָדַע (3:6)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 3:6, yada - relational, experiential knowing (cf. ‘Adam knew Eve’), not mere intellectual ‘ilm/ma’rifah assent. Parallels the baseline’s caution on ‘faith.‘
Paths Orach
Approved rendering: الطريق / السبيل
Transliteration: al-ṭarīq / al-sabīl
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ (3:6)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 3:6, orach. A genuine thematic bridge to and tension with the Quranic al-sirat al-mustaqim (the straight path, Surat al-Fatihah): here the LORD actively straightens the path in RESPONSE to relational trust, not a fixed legal path the believer must locate and walk through their own diligence and legal compliance.
Lords Purposes Etzah
Approved rendering: مقاصد الرب / مشورة الرب
Transliteration: maqāṣid al-Rabb / mashūrat al-Rabb
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Rejected alternatives: القدر (folk fatalistic ‘it is written’ determinism, detached from any particular redemptive purpose)
Original: עֵצָה (16:1, 9)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 16:1, 9, etzah. Reuses the baseline’s providence-doctrine handling pattern - must be kept distinct from folk qadar.
Lot Cast Goral
Approved rendering: القرعة
Transliteration: al-qur’ah
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: גּוֹרָל (16:33)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 16:33, goral. Must clarify this affirms God’s sovereignty OVER apparent chance, not license for occult divination practices.
Kings Heart In Lords Hand
Approved rendering: قلب الملك في يد الرب
Transliteration: qalb al-malik fī yad al-Rabb
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: לֵב־מֶלֶךְ בְּיַד־יְהוָה (21:1)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 21:1. Flag for native-speaker review given contemporary political sensitivities in Arabic-speaking contexts; teach as God’s general sovereignty over all authority, avoiding any implication of divine sanction for a specific present-day ruler’s legitimacy.
Name Of The Lord Strong Tower
Approved rendering: اسم الرب برج حصين
Transliteration: ism al-Rabb burj ḥaṣīn
Doctrine: Trust in the Lord’s Providence
Original: מִגְדַּל־עֹז (18:10)
Category: Trust and Providence
Proverbs 18:10, migdal ‘oz - refuge imagery within the Trust-in-Providence doctrine.
Humility Before God
Approved rendering: التواضع أمام الله
Transliteration: al-tawāḍu’ amām Allāh
Doctrine: Humility Before God’s Transcendent Wisdom
Original: (Agur’s oracle, 30:1-3)
Category: Fear of the Lord
Agur’s oracle, Proverbs 30:1-4. A positive, comparatively low-risk bridge to the Islamic virtue of tawadu’ (humility); reinforces rather than complicates the Fear-of-the-LORD doctrine.
Faithfulness Emet
Approved rendering: الحق / الأمانة
Transliteration: al-ḥaqq / al-amānah
Doctrine: Covenant Character: Steadfast Love and Faithfulness
Original: אֱמֶת (3:3; 23:23)
Category: Covenant Character
Proverbs 3:3, 23:23, emet. Preserve the chesed-we’emet covenant-disclosure pairing wherever it recurs (echoing Exodus 34:6).
Tablet Of The Heart
Approved rendering: لوح القلب
Transliteration: lawḥ al-qalb
Doctrine: Covenant Character: Steadfast Love and Faithfulness
Original: לוּחַ לֵב (3:3)
Category: Covenant Character
Proverbs 3:3, luach lev. لوح is shared with اللوح المحفوظ (the Preserved Tablet), a major Islamic cosmological concept for the eternal heavenly decree/archetype. Must clarify: this is a personal, internal metaphor of character formation, not a claim about a heavenly decree-tablet.
Musar Formative Instruction
Approved rendering: الأدب
Transliteration: al-adab
Doctrine: The LORD’s Discipline as an Expression of Fatherly Love
Original: מוּסָר (1:2-3 sense)
Category: Discipline
musar in its 1:2-3 sense - broad formative moral instruction/culture, the father’s or sage’s accumulated wisdom-teaching. Context-sensitive alongside musar_corrective_discipline, following the same pattern as the baseline’s ‘called/calling’ entries.
Reproof Tokhachat
Approved rendering: التوبيخ / التقويم
Transliteration: al-tawbīkh / al-taqwīm
Doctrine: The LORD’s Discipline as an Expression of Fatherly Love
Original: תּוֹכַחַת (3:11)
Category: Discipline
Proverbs 3:11, tokhachat - the verbal component paired with musar’s formative discipline.
Heart Lev
Approved rendering: القلب
Transliteration: al-qalb
Doctrine: Anthropology (Heart, Mind, and Will)
Original: לֵב
Category: Anthropology
lev - the whole inner person (mind, will, moral disposition), not merely emotion. Lexically low-risk but doctrinally central to the entire book (cf. 4:23); must introduce its full semantic breadth explicitly, since popular Arabic usage of قلب skews toward emotion alone.
Understanding Binah
Approved rendering: الفهم
Transliteration: al-fahm
Doctrine: Anthropology (Heart, Mind, and Will)
Original: בִּינָה
Category: Anthropology
binah - the faculty of discernment, perceiving right from wrong, wise from foolish.
Knowledge Daat
Approved rendering: المعرفة
Transliteration: al-ma’rifah
Doctrine: Anthropology (Heart, Mind, and Will)
Original: דַּעַת
Category: Anthropology
da’at - relational, moral knowledge of God’s ways, not mere factual data. Risk of drifting toward Sufi ma’rifah (mystical, experiential gnosis); keep the relational-obedience sense in view.
Strange Woman
Approved rendering: المرأة الغريبة / الزانية
Transliteration: al-mar’ah al-gharībah / al-zāniyah
Doctrine: Marital Fidelity and the Path of Folly
Original: אִשָּׁה זָרָה / נָכְרִיָּה
Category: Marital Fidelity
ishah zarah / nokriyah - both a literal adulteress figure AND, in chapters 2, 5-7, and 9, a literary personification of Folly contrasted with Wisdom. Keep both senses distinguishable in teaching notes per occurrence.
Honor The Lord
Approved rendering: كرّم / أكرم
Transliteration: karrim / akrim
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: כַּבֵּד (3:9)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 3:9, kabbed. Reuse of the glory/honor (kavod) family; retain the baseline’s light-metaphor caution where honor language intersects with glory imagery elsewhere.
Healing Metaphorical
Approved rendering: شفاء
Transliteration: shifā’
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: רִפְאוּת (3:8)
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 3:8, riph’ut - a holistic-health metaphor. Flag against prosperity-gospel/faith-healing over-literalization, a live pastoral risk in some contemporary Arab charismatic contexts; this is figurative, general wisdom-principle language, not a literal medical guarantee.
Low Risk Terms
Integrity
Approved rendering: النزاهة / الكمال
Transliteration: al-nazāhah / al-kamāl
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: תֹּם
Category: Practical Righteousness
Completeness/blamelessness of moral character (tom). Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity risk.
Deceit False Scales
Approved rendering: الغش / الميزان الغشّ
Transliteration: al-ghishsh / al-mīzān al-ghishsh
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: מִרְמָה / פֶּלֶס
Category: Practical Righteousness
Commercial-honesty ethic (mirmah/peles), Proverbs 11:1. Low collision risk.
Oppress The Poor
Approved rendering: ظلم الفقير
Transliteration: ẕulm al-faqīr
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: עָשַׁק
Category: Practical Righteousness
Social-justice dimension (‘ashaq), e.g. 14:31, 22:22-23. Low collision risk.
Good Name
Approved rendering: الاسم الصالح
Transliteration: al-ism al-ṣāliḥ
Doctrine: Practical Righteousness in Daily Life
Original: שֵׁם טוֹב
Category: Practical Righteousness
Proverbs 22:1, shem tov - reputation built on character rather than wealth.
Gentle Answer
Approved rendering: الجواب اللين
Transliteration: al-jawāb al-layyin
Doctrine: Speech and Self-Control
Original: מַעֲנֶה רַךְ (15:1)
Category: Speech and Self-Control
Proverbs 15:1, ma’aneh rakh - de-escalating speech model.
Wine Is A Mocker
Approved rendering: الخمر يجعل الإنسان مستهزئا
Transliteration: al-khamr yaj’al al-insān mustahzi’an
Doctrine: Speech and Self-Control
Original: יַיִן לֵץ (20:1)
Category: Speech and Self-Control
Proverbs 20:1, reuses the letz (scoffer) root applied to intoxication’s effect.
Talebearer Gossip
Approved rendering: النمّام
Transliteration: al-nammām
Doctrine: Speech and Self-Control
Original: נִרְגָּן (26:20, 22)
Category: Speech and Self-Control
Proverbs 26:20, 22, nirgan - gossip/whispered rumor that inflames conflict.
Sluggard
Approved rendering: الكسلان
Transliteration: al-kaslān
Doctrine: Diligence versus Sloth
Original: עָצֵל
Category: Diligence vs Sloth
‘atzel - the negative pole of the Diligence-vs-Sloth doctrine, illustrated by the ant (6:6-11).
Ant
Approved rendering: النملة
Transliteration: al-namlah
Doctrine: Diligence versus Sloth
Original: נְמָלָה
Category: Diligence vs Sloth
nemalah - nature-illustration of self-motivated diligence (6:6-8).
Discernment Tebunah
Approved rendering: الفطنة
Transliteration: al-fiṭnah
Doctrine: Anthropology (Heart, Mind, and Will)
Original: עָרְמָה / תְּבוּנָה
Category: Anthropology
‘ormah/tebunah - prudence and shrewd discernment. Note: spelled with ط, not ت - no collision with fitnah (sedition/temptation/trial, root ف-ت-ن), a distinct and unrelated root.
Commandments Mitzvot
Approved rendering: وصايا
Transliteration: waṣāyā
Doctrine: Instruction
Original: מִצְוֹת (3:1)
Category: Instruction
Proverbs 3:1, mitzvot - practical precepts of wise living, paired with torah/teaching. Standard, safe vocabulary already used in Arabic Bible tradition (e.g. الوصايا العشر).
Friend Ohev
Approved rendering: الصديق
Transliteration: al-ṣadīq
Doctrine: Fellowship
Original: אֹהֵב / רֵעַ
Category: Fellowship
ohev/rea’ - ‘a friend who loves at all times’ (17:17). Reserved exclusively for ‘friend’ per the terminology decision at righteous_person - never used for tzaddik.
Iron Sharpens Iron
Approved rendering: الحديد بالحديد يُحدَّد
Transliteration: al-ḥadīd bil-ḥadīd yuḥaddad
Doctrine: Fellowship
Original: בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל יָחַד (27:17)
Category: Fellowship
Proverbs 27:17. Cross-references the baseline’s Low-risk mutual-edification doctrine directly.
Anxious Heart
Approved rendering: القلق / الهم في القلب
Transliteration: al-qalaq / al-hamm fī al-qalb
Doctrine: Emotional Life
Original: דְּאָגָה בְלֵב (12:25)
Category: Emotional Life
Proverbs 12:25, de’agah. Contrasts with the Trust-in-Providence doctrine’s promised peace.
Gladness Of Heart
Approved rendering: فرح القلب
Transliteration: faraḥ al-qalb
Doctrine: Emotional Life
Original: שִׂמְחַת לֵב (15:13)
Category: Emotional Life
Proverbs 15:13, simchat lev - inner well-being from a good conscience/relationship.
Boast About Tomorrow
Approved rendering: لا تفتخر بالغد
Transliteration: lā taftakhir bil-ghad
Doctrine: Emotional Life
Original: הִתְהַלֵּל (27:1)
Category: Emotional Life
Proverbs 27:1, hithalel - humility application regarding an unknown future.
Referenced passages