Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Titus (Koine Greek → Arabic)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md. It is organized in two parts:
- Terms Reused from the Baseline Romans Language Package — rendering is fixed and non-negotiable; listed here only to confirm applicability to Titus and note any Titus-specific usage nuance.
- New Terms Introduced by Titus — not present in the baseline
translation_memory.json; risk-assessed here for the first time and ready to be added totranslation_memory.jsonin Phase 1 Step 2/3 with an incremented version number.
Risk tiers (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and review routing follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly: Critical/High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review.
Part 1: Terms Reused from Baseline (Romans Language Package) — Confirmed Applicable to Titus
| Term | Greek (Titus) | Arabic (fixed) | Risk | Titus-specific usage note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις (1:4; 2:11; 3:7,15) | النعمة | High | Reused unchanged. 2:11 makes grace itself the subject that “appears” and “trains” (2:12) — reinforces grace as active divine agent, not passive gift-object only. |
| Faith / believe | πίστις, πεπιστευκότες (1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:8,15) | الإيمان | High | Reused unchanged. Note 2:10’s πίστιν ἀγαθήν (“good faith/fidelity” of servants) is a different sense (practical trustworthiness) — see new-term entry below; do not render with الإيمان in that specific verse. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος (1:1) | الرسول | High | Reused unchanged. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (3:5); δικαίως (2:12, adverbial) | البر | Critical | 3:5 is the letter’s clearest “not by works of righteousness” statement — a headline verse for this doctrine. 2:12’s adverbial δικαίως (“uprightly”) is a character-trait sense; must be distinguished from the forensic sense in teaching notes though the same root is used. |
| Justification | δικαιωθέντες (3:7) | التبرير | Critical | Reused unchanged; immediately paired with grace (τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι) — reinforce as unearned forensic declaration, never التزكية. |
| Salvation / save | σωτηρία-root, ἔσωσεν (3:5) | الخلاص | Critical | Reused unchanged. 3:5’s aorist ἔσωσεν (“he saved”) frames salvation as a completed, once-for-all past act, reinforcing “Assurance of Salvation.” |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (3:5) | الروح القدس | Critical | Reused unchanged; named explicitly as agent of regeneration/renewal. |
| Father | θεοῦ πατρός (1:4) | الآب | Critical | Reused unchanged. |
| Law (Mosaic) | νόμος-root in νομικός (3:9) | الناموس | Critical | Reused unchanged; extends to the adjectival form (νομικαί, “quarrels about the law”) — see new-term entry “quarrels about the law” below, which must never borrow الشريعة vocabulary. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτάνει (3:11) | الخطية | High | Reused unchanged (verb form here; baseline entry is the noun). |
| Glory | δόξα (2:13) | المجد | High | Reused unchanged; applied to Christ in the letter’s key deity-of-Christ verse. |
| Election / God’s elect | ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ (1:1) | اختيار الله (concept); see new entry “elect ones” below for the substantive form | High | Titus 1:1 uses the adjectival/substantive form ἐκλεκτοί (“the elect ones”) rather than the abstract noun; treated as a related new-term entry below for the person-referring form, while the underlying doctrine and risk note are unchanged from baseline. |
| Exhort | παρακάλει (2:15) | يشجع / يعظ | Low | Reused unchanged. |
| Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (throughout) | يسوع / المسيح | Critical | Reused unchanged. Note: Titus never uses κύριος (“Lord”) of Jesus; its preferred high Christological title is σωτήρ (“Savior,” see new-term entry below), functioning as this letter’s equivalent load-bearing deity title. |
| God | θεός (throughout) | الله | Critical | Reused unchanged. |
Part 2: New Terms Introduced by Titus
| # | Term (English gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Arabic rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Rendering notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Training (in godliness) | παιδεύουσα / παιδεία | paideuousa | التأديب / تُؤَدِّبُ | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Grace, not the Law or human self-effort, is the acting subject. Must not be assimilated to Islamic tarbiya (sharia-guided moral formation); teach as fruit of a completed salvation, not its precondition, parallel to طاعة الإيمان. |
| 2 | Appearing / manifestation | ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια | epiphanō / epiphaneia | ظهر (verb) / الظهور (noun) | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; also touches Deity of Christ, Incarnation | Established Bible-tradition rendering; retain, do not substitute. But this is the same root the baseline forbids for “incarnation” due to the Quran’s shubbiha lahum (“it was made to appear so,” 4:157) crucifixion-denial language. Every occurrence (2:11, 2:13, 3:4) requires mandatory apologetic scaffolding affirming a real, historical, bodily event — not an illusion. |
| 3 | Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | المخلّص | Critical | Deity of Christ; parallel structural role to “Lord” in Romans | Titus’s dominant high title for both Father (1:3; 3:4) and Son (1:4; 2:13; 3:6), including jointly in a single-referent construction (2:13) applying “great God and Savior” to Jesus Christ alone. Preserve referent (Father/Son/joint) precisely at every occurrence; route to theologian review, same tier as “Lord.” |
| 4 | Saving (adjective, of grace) | σωτήριος | sōtērios | مخلّصة | Medium | Salvation | Adjectival form of الخلاص word-family; ensure not flattened to a generic “beneficial” sense. |
| 5 | Treasured/special possession | λαὸς περιούσιος | laos periousios | شعب خاص | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles (covenant-people typology) | Echoes Exodus 19:5 LXX; extend covenant-Israel typology to the Church with careful redemptive-historical framing, avoiding contemporary political overtones (cf. baseline “israel” note). |
| 6 | Good works | καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα | kala erga / agatha erga | الأعمال الحسنة (kalos) / الأعمال الصالحة (agathos) | Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; Salvation by Grace not Works | الأعمال الصالحة is the exact recurring Quranic phrase for meritorious deeds weighed on the mizan and paired with faith as a condition of paradise. Every occurrence (1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14) must be anchored explicitly as fruit of an already-secured salvation (3:5-7), never its cause — the single highest-frequency Critical risk in the letter. |
| 7 | Redeem / ransom | λυτρώσηται | lytrōsētai | يفتدي / الفداء | High | Salvation by Grace not Works; substitutionary atonement | Distinguish from Islamic fidyah (a human-administered compensatory payment for a missed religious obligation); Christ’s redemption is a once-for-all payment of sin’s penalty itself, directly countering Quran 6:164’s denial of substitutionary bearing of another’s burden. |
| 8 | Purify / cleanse | καθαρίσῃ | katharisē | يُطهِّر | High | Sanctification (extension); Salvation | Retained despite the general ritual-purity caution the baseline raised for التطهير (rejected there for “sanctification”); this specific LXX-echoing covenant collocation (“purify for himself a people”) is established usage — manage risk via context, not word substitution. |
| 9 | Washing | λουτρόν | loutron | غسل | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Identical to the Islamic ritual term ghusl (major ritual ablution, self-performed, producing ritual purity for prayer). Mandatory scaffolding: this washing names baptism’s outward water-sign accompanying the Spirit’s inward, monergistic work — never a self-performed, ritually efficacious rite. Newly documented Critical risk not present in the Romans baseline. |
| 10 | Regeneration / new birth | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | الميلاد الثاني / الولادة الجديدة | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | No Islamic anthropological category for a needed second birth (fitrah holds each person is born in natural purity — already a High-risk collision under the baseline “sin” entry). Must be distinguished from reincarnation (tanāsukh) and from self-purification/tazkiyah (already rejected under baseline “justification”). |
| 11 | Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | التجديد | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Paired hendiadys with #10; keep the Holy Spirit as grammatical agent, avoid a self-improvement or Sufi-exercise reading. |
| 12 | Heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | وارث / الوراثة | High | Adoption into God’s Family (extension) | Direct extension of the baseline’s Critical adoption note: Quran 33:4-5 denies adopted children full inheritance rights. Teach Titus 3:7’s heirship as full, unqualified inheritance, consistent with Romans 8. |
| 13 | Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | الحياة الأبدية | Medium-High | Salvation; Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Islam affirms an eternal paradise, so the phrase is intelligible; the risk is mode of attainment — always teach in its 3:5-7 context (mercy/regeneration/heirship apart from works), not left to default to a mizan-based framework. |
| 14 | Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | الرحمة | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | Correct rendering of a distinct Greek word from χάρις, but inherits the same risk the baseline flagged for الرحمة as a rejected alternative for grace: Arabic الرحمة (one of Allah’s 99 names) defaults to favor responsive to piety. Titus 3:5 explicitly conditions this mercy as “not because of works… in righteousness” — reinforce unconditioned sense every occurrence. |
| 15 | Hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | الرجاء | High | Assurance of Salvation | Distinguish from the Islamic devotional hope/fear (rajā’/khawf) pairing, which yields no certainty of outcome; Pauline hope is settled, confident, and grounded in a completed redemptive act (cf. “blessed hope,” 2:13). |
| 16 | Elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | الشيخ | High | Qualifications for Elders | Established, correct Arabic Christian usage; requires the same explicit-distinction note the baseline gives “apostle” — the NT local, plural eldership office must be distinguished from the Islamic sheikh/scholar authority structure. |
| 17 | Overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | الأسقف | High | Qualifications for Elders | Used in Titus 1:5-7 as a synonym for “elder,” not a higher, solitary diocesan office; flag polity ambiguity given later Catholic/Orthodox usage of this same word. |
| 18 | Steward (of God) | οἰκονόμος θεοῦ | oikonomos theou | وكيل الله | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | Delegated management, not ownership; frames elder authority. |
| 19 | Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | زوج امرأة واحدة | High | Qualifications for Elders | Concrete pastoral collision: Quran 4:3 permits polygamy up to four wives; this qualification is a real, practical disqualifier requiring explicit teaching in polygamy-permitting cultural and legal contexts. |
| 20 | Debauchery | ἀσωτία | asōtia | الفسق | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | الفسق (fisq/fāsiq) is a technical Islamic legal-disqualification category; generally compatible sense, worth noting as structural parallel, not confusion. |
| 21 | Sound doctrine / sound teaching | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα | didaskalia hygiainousa | التعليم الصحيح / السليم | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | الصحيح strongly overlaps with the technical vocabulary of Islamic hadith authentication (ḥadīth ṣaḥīḥ). Retain as established rendering (parallel to the baseline’s handling of الإنجيل) but require scaffolding: this is teaching that produces spiritual health/flourishing, not teaching verified by transmission-chain authentication. السليم may supplement as a clarifying synonym. |
| 22 | Submission / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | الخضوع / يَخضَع | High | Submission to Authority | Genuine convergence with mainstream Islamic teaching on obedience to rulers and household order — a rare point of instinctive agreement. Risk is conflation, not rejection: ground every occurrence (2:5 wives; 2:9 slaves; 3:1 citizens) explicitly in gospel-shaped, Christ-reflecting order, not generic cultural, patriarchal, or sharia-based convention. Keep distinct from πειθαρχεῖν (civic obedience) and from طاعة الإيمان (obedience of faith, a different doctrine entirely). |
| 23 | Master (of a slave) | δεσπότης | despotēs | السيد | Low | Submission to Authority (safeguard) | Must never be rendered الرب, which the baseline reserves exclusively for God/Christ; explicit safeguard note despite low intrinsic risk. |
| 24 | Self-control / sound-mindedness | σῴφρων word-group (σωφρόνως, σωφρονίζω, σωφρονεῖν, σώφρων) | sōphrōn / sōphronōs / sōphronizō | ضبط النفس / التعقل | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | The letter’s single most repeated virtue term (1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12). Genuine overlap with Islamic ‘aql (reasoned self-governance) — a bridge concept — but must be taught as grace-produced fruit (2:12), not willpower-achieved or ascetic virtue. |
| 25 | Elect ones (substantive) | ἐκλεκτοί θεοῦ | eklektoi theou | المختارون | High | Effectual Calling / Election | Substantive form of the baseline’s “election” doctrine; must not collapse into folk qadar fatalism — God’s specific soteriological choice unto salvation. |
| 26 | God who cannot lie | ἀψευδὴς θεός | apseudēs theos | الله الذي لا يكذب | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | Genuine positive bridge: Islamic theology also affirms Allah’s absolute truthfulness; useful ground for teaching assurance rather than a point of conflict. |
| 27 | Preaching / proclamation | κήρυγμα | kērygma | الكرازة | Medium | Gospel / Inspiration of Scripture (extension) | Distinguish from da’wah: kērygma is the church’s proclamation of what God has already accomplished, not an invitation into a different religious-legal system. |
| 28 | Goodness and loving-kindness (of God) | χρηστότης, φιλανθρωπία | chrēstotēs, philanthrōpia | اللطف، محبته للناس | Medium | Grace; Salvation by Grace not Works | φιλανθρωπία must not be flattened into secular “philanthropy”; keep grammatically tied to God as its source and to his specific saving purpose (3:4-5). |
| 29 | Good faith / fidelity (servant sense) | πίστις ἀγαθή | pistis agathē | الأمانة | Medium | Submission to Authority (household-servant instructions) | Same root as “faith” (πίστις/الإيمان) but denotes practical trustworthiness in service, not saving faith; render as الأمانة, not with إيمان vocabulary, to avoid conflation. |
| 30 | Divisive person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | المُثير للانقسام (alt.: الهرطوقي) | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Names disruptive schismatic behavior here, not yet the later technical sense of doctrinal “heresy”; keep the behavioral sense primary. |
| 31 | Foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις | mōrai zētēseis | المجادلات الباطلة / المباحثات الغبية | Low-Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Standard vocabulary; low independent collision risk. |
| 32 | Genealogies | γενεαλογία | genealogia | الأنساب | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Nasab (lineage) carries major cultural/legal weight in Arab tribal and Islamic-legal contexts; frame as a specific first-century legalistic dispute, not a devaluation of lineage generally. |
| 33 | Quarrels about the law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | مخاصمات ناموسية | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies; extension of baseline “Law” | Must never use الشريعة/شرعية vocabulary — direct extension of the baseline’s Critical caution on الناموس vs. الشريعة. |
| 34 | Servant/slave of God | δοῦλος θεοῦ | doulos theou | عبد الله | Low-Medium | (Apostleship, framing) | Largely compatible, shared vocabulary; note the immediate pairing with “apostle” narrows the sense to a Christ-authorized office. |
| 35 | The saying is trustworthy (formula) | Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | صادقةٌ هي هذه الكلمة | Low-Medium | (Formula flagging creedal summaries) | Formulaic; low risk in itself, but flags the surrounding material (3:4-7) as a compressed doctrinal summary inheriting the highest risk of its parts. Recommend a single consistent rendering if 1–2 Timothy are added later. |
Cross-Reference: Doctrines Introduced or Extended by Titus (for Step 2 Doctrine Mapping)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary New/Extended Terms | Overall Risk |
|---|---|---|
| Grace That Trains for Godly Living | παιδεύουσα (#1), σῴφρων group (#24), ἀσέβεια/κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι | High |
| Qualifications for Elders | πρεσβύτερος (#16), ἐπίσκοπος (#17), οἰκονόμος θεοῦ (#18), μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ (#19), ἀσωτία (#20), full 1:6-8 virtue/vice lists | High |
| Sound Doctrine and Good Works | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα (#21), καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα (#6) | Critical |
| Salvation by Grace not Works | καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα (#6), λυτρώσηται (#7), ἔλεος (#14), reused التبرير/الخلاص | Critical |
| Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | λουτρόν (#9), παλιγγενεσία (#10), ἀνακαίνωσις (#11) | Critical |
| Submission to Authority | ὑποτάσσω (#22), δεσπότης (#23), πειθαρχεῖν | High |
| Avoiding Divisive Controversies | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος (#30), μωραὶ ζητήσεις (#31), γενεαλογία (#32), μάχαι νομικαί (#33) | Medium-High |
| (Cross-cutting) Deity/Saviorhood of Christ | σωτήρ (#3), ἐπιφάνεια (#2) | Critical |
| (Cross-cutting) Adoption/Heirship | κληρονόμος (#12), ζωὴ αἰώνιος (#13) | High |
| (Cross-cutting) Assurance of Salvation | ἐλπίς (#15), ἀψευδὴς θεός (#26) | High |
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (new entries #1–35 above) and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of Titus begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. Version increment and theologian-review flagging apply to every Critical/High entry above exactly as specified in that document.
Critical Risk Terms
Adoption
Approved rendering: التبني
Transliteration: al-tabannī
Doctrine: Adoption and Heirship
Rejected alternatives: الاستلحاق
Inherited from Romans package. The word itself does not occur in Titus, but the doctrine is directly extended by Titus 3:7’s κληρονόμος (‘heir’) — see ‘heir’ below. Quran 33:4-5’s denial of full inheritance rights to adopted children remains the operative collision for both terms.
Epiphany Appearing
Approved rendering: ظهر / الظهور
Transliteration: ẓahara / al-ẕuhūr
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الحلول, برز
Original: ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
New Critical Titus term (ἐπιφαίνω/ἐπιφάνεια; Titus 2:11, 2:13, 3:4). Established Bible-tradition rendering, retained despite being the identical root the baseline forbids for ‘incarnation’ because it echoes the Quran’s shubbiha lahum (‘it was made to appear so,’ 4:157) crucifixion-denial language. Mandatory apologetic scaffolding at every occurrence: a real, historical/future, bodily event, never an illusion or phantom-appearance.
Father
Approved rendering: الآب
Transliteration: al-Āb
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Original: θεοῦ πατρός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4’s opening greeting names ‘God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior’ side by side, extending the baseline’s paired Father/Son risk note into Titus’s Savior-title pattern.
God
Approved rendering: الله
Transliteration: Allāh
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13’s single-referent ‘great God and Savior Jesus Christ’ construction requires the Trinitarian conception of الله to be actively distinguished from Islamic tawhid’s strictly unitarian conception at that verse specifically.
Good Works
Approved rendering: الأعمال الحسنة / الأعمال الصالحة
Transliteration: al-a’māl al-ḥasanah / al-a’māl al-ṣāliḥah
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Salvation
New Critical Titus term (καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα; Titus 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14). الأعمال الصالحة is the exact recurring Quranic phrase for meritorious deeds weighed on the mizan and paired with faith as a condition of paradise (‘الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات’). The single highest-frequency Critical risk in the letter: every occurrence must be anchored explicitly as fruit of an already-secured salvation (3:5-7), never a contributing cause. Route to theologian review at every occurrence without exception.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: الروح القدس
Transliteration: al-Rūḥ al-Qudus
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5-6 names the Spirit explicitly as the personal, active agent of regeneration and renewal, reinforcing the baseline’s caution against the mainstream tafsir identification of ‘the holy spirit’ with the created angel Jibril.
Jesus
Approved rendering: يسوع
Transliteration: Yasū’
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عيسى
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never عيسى (‘Isa), the Quranic form. Titus never uses كύριος (Lord) of Jesus; its preferred high title is σωτήρ (see ‘savior’ below), functioning as this letter’s equivalent load-bearing deity title.
Justification
Approved rendering: التبرير
Transliteration: al-tabrīr
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: التزكية, الحكم بالبراءة
Original: δικαιωθέντες
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7 pairs δικαιωθέντες directly with τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι (grace) — reinforce as an unearned, one-time forensic declaration, never التزكية-style self-purification.
Law
Approved rendering: الناموس
Transliteration: al-nāmūs
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: الشريعة, الشرع
Original: νόμος (in νομικαί)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Extends to Titus 3:9’s adjectival νομικαί (‘quarrels about the law’) — see ‘quarrels_about_the_law’ below. Never substitute الشريعة/شرعية, which would make Paul’s caution against a first-century intra-church dispute sound like an attack on Islamic law specifically.
Messiah
Approved rendering: المسيح
Transliteration: al-Masīh
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus always joined to Ἰησοῦς as a fixed name-title unit; every occurrence must actively correct the pre-loaded Quranic ‘Isa al-Masih content (honored prophet, not divine, not crucified, not risen).
Regeneration
Approved rendering: الميلاد الثاني / الولادة الجديدة
Transliteration: al-mīlād al-thānī / al-wilādah al-jadīdah
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: التقمص, التناسخ
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Sanctification
New Critical Titus term (παλιγγενεσία, Titus 3:5). Mainstream Islamic fitrah anthropology (innate natural purity at birth, already a High-risk collision under the baseline ‘sin’ entry) has no category for a needed second birth. Must be distinguished from reincarnation (tanāsukh) and from self-purification/tazkiyah (already rejected under baseline ‘justification’). Never render with any root suggesting a cyclical rebirth.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: البر
Transliteration: al-birr
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: الصلاح, العدل
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δικαίως
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s ‘not by works done by us in righteousness’ is the letter’s clearest negative statement directly countering the Quranic al-birr works-checklist pattern (2:177). Titus 2:12 also uses the adverbial δικαίως (‘uprightly’) as a character-trait sense; keep this distinct in teaching notes from the forensic sense in 3:5, though the same root is used.
Salvation
Approved rendering: الخلاص
Transliteration: al-khalāṣ
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: النجاة, الفوز بالجنة
Original: σωτηρία-root / ἔσωσεν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s aorist ἔσωσεν (‘he saved us’) frames salvation as a completed, once-for-all past act, reinforcing Assurance of Salvation against the mizan-pending framing the baseline documents.
Savior
Approved rendering: المخلّص
Transliteration: al-mukhalliṣ
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: المنقذ, المساعد
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New Critical Titus term (σωτήρ), Titus’s dominant divine title, applied to the Father (1:3; 3:4) and to Jesus (1:4; 2:13; 3:6), including the single-referent construction in 2:13 naming Jesus Christ alone as ‘our great God and Savior.’ Preserve exactly which referent (Father, Son, or joint) bears the title at every occurrence; never restructure the Granville Sharp construction at 2:13 to split it into two referents (a known Jehovah’s Witness NWT and Muslim-idiom-paraphrase pattern — see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md forbidden substitutions). Route to theologian review at the same tier as ‘lord’ (الرب) in the baseline.
Self Giving For Us
Approved rendering: بَذَلَ نَفْسَهُ لأَجْلِنَا
Transliteration: badhala nafsahu li-ajlinā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
New Titus term (ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, Titus 2:14), Christ’s substitutionary self-offering. Critical by association with the baseline’s documented Quran 6:164 collision (‘no bearer of burdens shall bear another’s burden’); flag for theologian review whenever this collocation recurs.
Washing
Approved rendering: غسل
Transliteration: ghusl
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: علامة التطهير, حمّام التجديد
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Sanctification
New Critical Titus term (λουτρόν, Titus 3:5), not previously documented in the Romans baseline. غسل is identical to the Islamic ritual term ghusl — a self-performed major ablution producing ritual purity for prayer. Mandatory scaffolding at every occurrence: names baptism’s outward water-sign accompanying the Spirit’s inward, monergistic regenerating work — never a self-performed, ritually efficacious rite. Do not substitute a paraphrase to avoid the collision; the established rendering must be retained with scaffolding, not replaced.
High Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: الرسول
Transliteration: al-rasūl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: المبعوث, التلميذ المرسل
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 pairs عبد الله (‘servant of God’) with رسول يسوع المسيح (‘apostle of Jesus Christ’) in one breath, sharpening the need to distinguish the NT delegated, founding, eyewitness office from the Islamic prophetic office and its finality (khatam an-nabiyyin) claim.
Elder
Approved rendering: الشيخ
Transliteration: al-shaykh
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New Titus term (πρεσβύτερος, Titus 1:5-9). Established, correct Arabic Christian usage, but requires the same explicit-distinction note the baseline gives ‘apostle’: الشيخ in Islamic usage denotes a religious scholar or tribal-authority figure whose teaching authority derives from Islamic jurisprudence, not the local, plural, congregational NT office grounded in Titus 1:6-9’s character qualifications.
Elect Ones
Approved rendering: المختارون
Transliteration: al-mukhtārūn
Doctrine: Effectual Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: القدر
New Titus term, substantive/person-referring form of ἐκλεκτοί θεοῦ (Titus 1:1), extending the baseline ‘election’ entry. Must not collapse into folk qadar fatalism; this is God’s specific soteriological choice unto salvation through Christ.
Election
Approved rendering: اختيار الله
Transliteration: ikhtiyār Allāh
Doctrine: Effectual Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: ἐκλεκτοί θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (the abstract doctrine/concept). Titus 1:1 uses the related substantive form ἐκλεκτοί θεοῦ (‘God’s elect ones’) — see the new term ‘elect_ones’ below for that specific person-referring form. Do not let either form collapse into folk qadar fatalism.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: الحياة الأبدية
Transliteration: al-ḥayāh al-abadiyyah
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Hope
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New Titus term (ζωὴ αἰώνιος, Titus 1:2; 3:7). Islam affirms an eternal paradise (al-jannah), so the phrase is intelligible; the risk is mode of attainment. Islamic eschatology grounds paradise-entry in the deeds-weighing scale (mizan); always teach this term in its 1:2/3:5-7 context (mercy, regeneration, heirship apart from works), never in isolation.
Faith
Approved rendering: الإيمان
Transliteration: al-īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: الاعتقاد, الثقة
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 grounds Paul’s apostleship ‘for the faith of God’s elect’; Titus 3:8 names ‘those who have believed in God.’ Keep strictly distinct from πίστις ἀγαθή (Titus 2:10, a servant’s practical trustworthiness) — see ‘good_faith_fidelity’ below; never render that sense with الإيمان.
Glory
Approved rendering: المجد
Transliteration: al-majd
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: النور الإلهي
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13 applies δόξα to Christ’s future appearing, reinforcing Christ’s glory as identical in kind to God’s own glory — a Deity-of-Christ prooftext. Avoid light-metaphor renderings that could evoke Sufi illumination mysticism.
Grace Training
Approved rendering: التأديب / تُؤَدِّبُ
Transliteration: al-ta’dīb / tu’addibu
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: التربية
Original: παιδεύουσα
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (παιδεύουσα, Titus 2:12). Grace, not the Law or human self-effort, is the grammatical subject doing the training. Must not be assimilated to Islamic tarbiya (sharia-guided moral formation by human effort); teach as fruit of a completed salvation, parallel to طاعة الإيمان in the baseline. Never passivize into ‘we are trained by means of grace’ in a way that relocates agency to human effort or law.
Grace
Approved rendering: النعمة
Transliteration: al-ni’mah
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: الفضل, الرحمة
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged rendering, unchanged risk). Titus-specific extension: in Titus 2:11 grace is the grammatical subject that itself ‘appears’ and ‘trains’ believers (παιδεύουσα, 2:12) — reinforce grace as God’s active saving and forming agency, never a static gift-object, luck, or reward for merit.
Heir
Approved rendering: وارث / الوراثة
Transliteration: wārith / al-wirāthah
Doctrine: Adoption and Heirship
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (κληρονόμος, Titus 3:7). Direct extension of the baseline’s Critical adoption note: Quran 33:4-5 denies adopted children full inheritance rights under Islamic family law. Must be taught as conferring full, unqualified inheritance status, identical in force to Romans 8’s adoption doctrine, not a lesser or symbolic share.
Hope
Approved rendering: الرجاء
Transliteration: al-rajā’
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Hope
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
New Titus term (ἐλπίς, Titus 1:2; 2:13; 3:7). الرجاء in Islamic devotional vocabulary is one half of a hope/fear (rajā’/khawf) pair yielding no certainty of outcome (only Allah knows the mizan verdict). Every occurrence must be reinforced as settled, confident hope resting on a completed redemptive act, consistent with the baseline’s Assurance of Salvation notes.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: زوج امرأة واحدة
Transliteration: zawj imra’ah wāḥidah
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: رجل مخلص لزوجته, له امرأة واحدة
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
New Titus term (μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ, Titus 1:6). Direct, concrete pastoral collision: mainstream Islamic law (Quran 4:3) permits polygamy up to four wives; this qualification functions as a real, practical disqualifier in cultures where elder candidates may come from polygamous households. Retain the concrete literal rendering; reject softened ‘faithful to his wife’ paraphrases that quietly remove the qualification’s disqualifying force.
Mercy
Approved rendering: الرحمة
Transliteration: al-raḥmah
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (ἔλεος, Titus 3:5). Correct rendering of a distinct Greek word from χάρις, but inherits the same risk the baseline documented for rejecting الرحمة as an alternative for grace: as one of Allah’s 99 names, it defaults in ordinary usage to favor responsive to piety. Must be reinforced here, in its explicit ‘not because of works… but according to his own mercy’ clause, as wholly unconditioned mercy.
Overseer
Approved rendering: الأسقف
Transliteration: al-usquf
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New Titus term (ἐπίσκοπος, Titus 1:5-7), used as a functional synonym for ‘elder,’ not a separate higher office. The established transliteration-cognate الأسقف is widely used across the Arabic Christian tradition, but in Catholic/Orthodox usage now denotes a solitary diocesan bishop over many churches — a different polity than Titus’s plural, local, interchangeable elder/overseer pattern; flag in doctrine notes.
Purify
Approved rendering: يُطهِّر
Transliteration: yuṭahhir
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: καθαρίσῃ
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (καθαρίσῃ, Titus 2:14). Retained despite the general ritual-purity caution the baseline raised for التطهير (rejected there for ‘sanctification’); this specific covenant-echoing collocation (Exodus 19:5/Ezekiel 37:23 LXX) is established usage. Manage risk by pairing tightly with ‘for himself, a people of his own possession’ so the sense reads as covenant-relational cleansing, not ritual ablution performed by human hands.
Quarrels About The Law
Approved rendering: مخاصمات ناموسية
Transliteration: mukhāṣamāt nāmūsiyyah
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: مخاصمات شرعية, نزاعات حول الشريعة
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Controversy
New Titus term (μάχαι νομικαί, Titus 3:9). Direct extension of the baseline’s Critical ‘law’ caution: must never be rendered with الشريعة/شرعية vocabulary, which would sound like disputes about Islamic sharia rather than first-century Mosaic-Torah disputes.
Redeem
Approved rendering: يفتدي / الفداء
Transliteration: yaftadī / al-fidā’
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: λυτρώσηται
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (λυτρώσηται, Titus 2:14). Distinguish from Islamic fidyah, a human-administered compensatory payment for a missed religious obligation. Christ’s redemption is a once-for-all payment of sin’s penalty itself, directly countering Quran 6:164’s denial of substitutionary bearing of another’s burden.
Sin
Approved rendering: الخطية
Transliteration: al-khaṭīyah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: الذنب, الإثم
Original: ἁμαρτάνει
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:11 uses the verb form ἁμαρτάνει describing the persistently divisive person’s self-condemning state. Keep distinct from the new term ‘lawlessness’ (ἀνομία, 2:14) — see below.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: التعليم الصحيح / السليم
Transliteration: al-ta’līm al-ṣaḥīḥ / al-salīm
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Opposition to False Teachers
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Church
New Titus term (διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα; Titus 1:9,13; 2:1,2,8). الصحيح strongly overlaps with the technical vocabulary of Islamic hadith science (hadith sahih, authenticated by chain-of-transmission). Retain الصحيح as established rendering (parallel to the baseline’s handling of الإنجيل) but require scaffolding: teaching that produces spiritual health/flourishing, not transmission-verified authenticity. السليم may supplement as a clarifying synonym.
Submission
Approved rendering: الخضوع / يَخضَع
Transliteration: al-khuḍū’ / yakhḍa’
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
New Titus term (ὑποτάσσω; Titus 2:5 wives, 2:9 slaves, 3:1 citizens). Genuine convergence with mainstream Islamic teaching on obedience to rulers and household order — a rare point of instinctive agreement. Risk is conflation, not rejection: ground every occurrence explicitly in gospel-shaped, Christ-reflecting order (2:10, ‘adorning the teaching of God our Savior’), not generic cultural, patriarchal, or sharia-based convention. Keep distinct from ‘civic_obedience’ (πειθαρχεῖν) and from طاعة الإيمان (obedience of faith, a different doctrine).
Medium Risk Terms
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: أهل الختان / حزب الختان
Transliteration: ahl al-khitān / ḥizb al-khitān
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Opposition to False Teachers
New Titus term (περιτομή, Titus 1:10), the Jewish-Christian Judaizing faction among the Cretan false teachers. Requires historical framing as a specific first-century dispute, so it is not misheard as a general statement about Jewish people or practice.
Civic Obedience
Approved rendering: الطاعة (للسلطة) / يَنقاد
Transliteration: al-ṭā’ah / yanqād
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
New Titus term (πειθαρχεῖν, Titus 3:1), ‘to obey [those in] authority,’ closely paired with ὑποτάσσω. Keep distinct from طاعة الإيمان (obedience of faith, already Critical in the baseline) — this is civic obedience to human rulers, not the fruit-of-faith obedience toward God; do not merge the two phrases.
Debauchery
Approved rendering: الفسق
Transliteration: al-fisq
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀσωτία
Category: Church
New Titus term (ἀσωτία, Titus 1:6). الفسق (fisq/fāsiq) is itself a technical Islamic legal-disqualification category; generally compatible sense, worth noting as a structural parallel (a disqualifying moral category), not a source of confusion.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: المُثير للانقسام
Transliteration: al-muthīr lil-inqisām
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: الهرطوقي
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Controversy
New Titus term (αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος, Titus 3:10), addressed by a two-stage warning-then-separation discipline procedure. Names disruptive behavior here, not yet the later technical sense of doctrinal ‘heresy.’ Keep the behavioral sense primary; المُثير للانقسام preferred over the loanword الهرطوقي for this verse.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: الأنساب
Transliteration: al-ansāb
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Controversy
New Titus term (γενεαλογία, Titus 3:9), a legalistic tracing of lineage in a Judaizing dispute context. Nasab (lineage) carries major cultural and legal weight in Arab tribal culture and Islamic law (marriage, inheritance, social status); frame as a specific first-century legalistic controversy Paul dismisses, not a devaluation of lineage or ancestry generally.
God Who Cannot Lie
Approved rendering: الله الذي لا يكذب
Transliteration: Allāh alladhī lā yakdhib
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Hope
Original: ἀψευδὴς θεός
Category: God
New Titus term (ἀψευδὴς θεός, Titus 1:2). Genuine positive bridge — Islamic theology also affirms Allah’s absolute truthfulness. Tie explicitly to the specific promise of eternal life rather than leaving it as an abstract divine attribute.
Good Faith Fidelity
Approved rendering: الأمانة
Transliteration: al-amānah
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: إيمان صالح
Original: πίστις ἀγαθή
Category: Ethics
New Titus term (πίστις ἀγαθή, Titus 2:10). Practical trustworthiness a servant shows a master, not saving faith. Render as الأمانة, never with إيمان vocabulary, to avoid conflating a servant’s workplace fidelity with الإيمان used elsewhere in the letter for trust in Christ.
Goodness And Lovingkindness
Approved rendering: اللطف، محبته للناس
Transliteration: al-luṭf, maḥabbatuhu lil-nās
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: χρηστότης, φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
New Titus term (χρηστότης, φιλανθρωπία, Titus 3:4). φιλανθρωπία must not be flattened into secular ‘philanthropy’/humanitarianism; keep grammatically tied to θεοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν so it reads as God’s own disposition, not a detached ethical ideal.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: الخرافات اليهودية
Transliteration: al-khurāfāt al-yahūdiyyah
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Opposition to False Teachers
New Titus term (Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι, Titus 1:14), extra-biblical legendary/legal material circulating among Judaizing teachers. Same historical-framing caution as ‘circumcision_party’ — must not be read as a blanket statement about Jewish tradition generally.
Kerygma
Approved rendering: الكرازة
Transliteration: al-kirāzah
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and God’s Eternal Promise
Rejected alternatives: الدعوة
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Church
New Titus term (κήρυγμα, Titus 1:3). Distinguish explicitly from دعوة (da’wah, the Islamic term for human invitation to Islam, already flagged under the baseline ‘calling’ entry): kerygma proclaims what God has already accomplished; it does not invite hearers into an alternative religious-legal system.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: معرفة الحق
Transliteration: ma’rifat al-ḥaqq
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and God’s Eternal Promise
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
New Titus term (ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας, Titus 1:1). Deep, personal apprehension of the truth of the gospel, not bare information; pair with الإيمان’s relational-trust sense so the two are not read as opposed.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: الإثم
Transliteration: al-ithm
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: مخالفة الناموس
New Titus term (ἀνομία, Titus 2:14), from Christ’s self-gift redeeming ‘us from all lawlessness.’ Broader than violation of the Mosaic law specifically; denotes general moral rebellion. Must not be rendered with any compound built on الناموس, which would wrongly suggest ‘lawlessness against the Mosaic Torah’ specifically rather than general moral rebellion. Keep distinct from الخطية (sin).
Peace
Approved rendering: السلام
Transliteration: al-salām
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: الأمان, الطمأنينة
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4’s greeting ‘Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior’ pairs النعمة and السلام exactly as the baseline’s Pauline-greeting pattern; retain the relational, legally-secured sense, not a subjective heart-tranquility (Sufi tuma’ninah) sense.
Pure And Defiled
Approved rendering: طاهر / نجس
Transliteration: ṭāhir / najis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Opposition to False Teachers
New Titus term (καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος, Titus 1:15). Titus 1:15 explicitly locates purity/defilement in ‘mind and conscience’ (νοῦς καὶ συνείδησις), not ritual state — flag the ritual-purity resonance of both terms, paralleling the baseline’s caution on طاهر for ‘holy,’ and make the internal-moral framing explicit in teaching notes.
Renewal
Approved rendering: التجديد
Transliteration: al-tajdīd
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (ἀνακαίνωσις, Titus 3:5), paired with παλιγγενεσία as a virtual hendiadys. Lower risk than regeneration alone, but must not be read as a merely psychological renewal achievable by self-improvement or Sufi-style spiritual exercise; keep grammatically bound to πνεύματος ἁγίου as the acting agent.
Saving Adjective
Approved rendering: مخلّصة
Transliteration: mukhalliṣah
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: σωτήριος
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (σωτήριος, Titus 2:11). Adjectival form of the الخلاص word-family describing grace’s inherent saving effect; ensure it is not flattened into a generic ‘helpful/beneficial’ sense divorced from the specific saving act.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ضبط النفس / التعقل
Transliteration: ḍabṭ al-nafs / al-ta’aqqul
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σῴφρων word-group (σωφρόνως, σωφρονίζω, σωφρονεῖν, σώφρων)
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term, the σῴφρων word-group (σωφρόνως, σωφρονίζω, σωφρονεῖν, σώφρων), the letter’s single most repeated virtue term (1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12). Genuine conceptual overlap with Islamic ‘aql (reasoned self-governance) — a real bridge — but must be taught as fruit of grace’s training (2:12), not willpower-achieved virtue or ascetic self-discipline (avoid resonance with Sufi nafs-discipline frameworks).
Steward Of God
Approved rendering: وكيل الله
Transliteration: wakīl Allāh
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New Titus term (οἰκονόμος θεοῦ, Titus 1:7). A trusted household-manager, not the owner; frames elder authority as delegated stewardship rather than personal ownership.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: شعب خاص
Transliteration: sha’b khāṣṣ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Covenant
New Titus term (λαὸς περιούσιος, Titus 2:14), echoing Exodus 19:5 LXX. Extends OT covenant-Israel typology to the Church, consistent with the baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine. Teach with clear redemptive-historical/fulfillment framing, avoiding the contemporary political sensitivity already flagged for ‘Israel’ in the baseline.
Ungodliness Worldly Passions
Approved rendering: الفجور وشهوات العالم
Transliteration: al-fujūr wa-shahawāt al-‘ālam
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
New Titus term (ἀσέβεια, κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι, Titus 2:12), the negation of εὐσέβεια (piety/godliness) paired with worldly desires. التقوى (piety-consciousness of God, the negated concept) is itself a major Islamic virtue term (taqwā); this is generally a safe point of contact, not a collision, but should be noted as shared vocabulary territory.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: يشجع / يعظ
Transliteration: yushajji’ / ya’iẓ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:15’s παρακάλει leans toward the ‘urge/admonish’ sense in context.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: المجادلات الباطلة / المباحثات الغبية
Transliteration: al-mujādalāt al-bāṭilah
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Controversy
New Titus term (μωραὶ ζητήσεις, Titus 3:9). Standard vocabulary; low independent collision risk.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: السيد
Transliteration: al-sayyid
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: الرب
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Ethics
New Titus term (δεσπότης, Titus 2:9), a human master of household slaves. Must never be rendered الرب, which the baseline reserves exclusively for God/Christ; explicit safeguard note despite low intrinsic risk.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: عبد الله
Transliteration: ‘abd Allāh
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New Titus term (δοῦλος θεοῦ, Titus 1:1). Largely compatible with the Islamic ‘ibādah/‘abd Allāh framework; the immediate pairing with ‘apostle’ in the same verse narrows the sense to a Christ-authorized office, not generic submission to divine law.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: صادقةٌ هي هذه الكلمة
Transliteration: ṣādiqatun hiya hādhihi al-kalimah
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Church
New Titus term (Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος), a recurring Pastoral-Epistles formula marking the preceding statement (Titus 3:4-7) as a settled, authoritative creedal summary. Formulaic; low doctrinal risk in itself, but flags the surrounding material as inheriting the highest risk level of its individual parts. Use a consistent rendering if 1-2 Timothy are added to this pipeline later.
Referenced passages