Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Jeremiah
Section 1 — Reused Baseline Terms (apply throughout Jeremiah, unchanged)
| Term (EN) | Arabic (REUSED) | Risk | Reused Note for Jeremiah |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | الله | Critical | Applies to YHWH/Elohim throughout Jeremiah; Islamic tawhid’s non-relational, unitarian conception must be distinguished from the covenant-making, personally-addressing God of Jeremiah. |
| Lord (as divine title) | الرب | Critical | Standard Van Dyck rendering of the covenant name יהוה throughout Jeremiah; distinct application from the Christological Romans use (title claimed for Jesus) but the same underlying collision-sensitivity toward Allah’s exclusive titles applies, especially at Jer 23:6/33:16 (see Section 3). |
| Covenant | العهد | Medium (Critical for “new covenant,” see Section 2) | Base term for בְּרִית throughout; “New Covenant” (العهد الجديد) is elevated to Critical as the curriculum’s thesis term. |
| Law | الناموس | Critical | Renders תּוֹרָה at 31:33 and throughout; NEVER الشريعة/الشرع, per baseline forbidden-substitution rule. |
| Sin | الخطية | High | Renders חַטָּאָה/חטא at 31:34 and throughout. |
| Prophet | نبي | High | Applies to Jeremiah himself and, contrastively, to false prophets (see Section 2, “false prophet”). |
| Prophecy | نبوءة | Low | Applies to the book’s many fulfilled predictions (esp. the seventy years, ch. 25/29). |
| Israel | إسرائيل | High | Contemporary political sensitivity note applies with equal or greater force in Jeremiah 30-33’s restoration promises; see Section 2, “Judah” and “restoration of fortunes” for compounded risk. |
| Gentiles / the nations | الأمم | Medium | Renders גּוֹיִם throughout the Oracles Against the Nations (chs. 46-51) and elsewhere; note the nuance shift from “recipients of gospel mission” (Romans) to “objects of/subject to divine judgment and sovereignty” (Jeremiah) — same lexeme, complementary sense. |
| Peace | السلام | Medium (High in false-peace contexts) | Renders שָׁלוֹם; requires added context-flag in Jeremiah 6:14/8:11 to distinguish false prophets’ hollow “peace, peace” from the baseline’s positive doctrinal sense. |
| Glory | المجد | High | Renders כָּבוֹד at Jer 2:11 (“my glory for that which does not profit”) and elsewhere. |
| Holy | مقدس | Medium-High | Applies to temple/priestly holiness language throughout. |
| Messiah / Christ | المسيح | Critical | Directly relevant to the “Righteous Branch” and “YHWH Tzidkenu” titles (Jer 23:5-6, 33:15-16); see Section 2. |
| Seed of David | نسل داود | High | Underlies the Davidic Covenant background for the Righteous Branch prophecies. |
| David | داود | Medium | Proper name; Davidic Covenant background throughout. |
| Providence | العناية الإلهية | Medium-High | Directly relevant to Jer 18 (potter) and Jer 29:11 (plans); see Section 2 caution on folk qadar. |
| Election | اختيار الله | High | Relevant background for Jeremiah’s own prophetic calling (ch. 1) and Israel’s corporate election. |
| Intercession | الشفاعة | High | Renders תפילה/הפגיע at Jer 14:11 and elsewhere (Jeremiah’s own intercessory ministry, at times forbidden by God). |
| Adoption | التبني | Critical | Relevant conceptual background to the covenant formula “I will be their God, they shall be my people” (31:33) as its NT unpacking. |
| Justification / Imputed righteousness | التبرير / البر المحسوب | Critical | Relevant conceptual background to Jer 31:34’s forensic “remember sin no more” language. |
| Righteousness | البر | Critical | Underlies “Righteous Branch” (غصن البر) and “YHWH Tzidkenu” (الرب بِرُّنا); see Section 2 for the Jer 22 mishpat/tzedaqah social-ethics nuance requiring careful distinction from a works-checklist sense. |
Section 2 — New Jeremiah-Specific Glossary Terms
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Hebrew, translit.) | Arabic Rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Rationale / Notes | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New Covenant | בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה (berith chadashah) | العهد الجديد | The New Covenant | Critical | العهد المتجدد (“renewed covenant” — implies mere repetition of Sinai) | Curriculum thesis term, parallel in weight to Romans 1:16-17 in the baseline. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (31:31; cross-referenced at 32:40’s “everlasting covenant”). Grounds the Arabic title العهد الجديد for the entire New Testament. | 31:31, 32:40 |
| 2 | Everlasting Covenant | בְּרִית עוֹלָם (berith olam) | عهد أبدي | The New Covenant | Critical | — | Must be taught as the same covenant as #1 above, described from a different angle, not a second, separate promise. | 32:40 |
| 3 | Judah (proper noun) | יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) | يهوذا | Unity/covenant-people identity | Medium-High | — | Visually/phonetically close to يهود (“Jews,” contemporary ethnonym); requires the same deliberate pastoral framing the baseline applies to “israel.” | Throughout |
| 4 | Idol(s) | אֱלִיל / גִּלּוּלִים / עֶצֶב (elil / gillulim / etzev) | الأوثان (sing. وثن) | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry | Medium | — | Largely shared, positive vocabulary (Qur’anic idol-smashing narrative as bridge); keep the marital-covenant-breaking logic distinct from generic shirk framing. | Ch. 2, 10, 16, 19, 32, 44, 46-51 |
| 5 | Spiritual Harlotry / Adultery | זָנָה (zanah) | الزنى (الزنى الروحي) | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry | High | — | الزنى is a defined hadd-penalty legal category in Islamic law; every occurrence must be anchored explicitly as covenantal metaphor, not left to stand as a bare legal accusation. | Ch. 2, 3, 5 |
| 6 | Backsliding / Faithlessness | מְשׁוּבָה (meshuvah) | الخيانة | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry | Critical (forbidden substitution) | الارتداد (Islamic apostasy — carries severe traditional legal/social penalty; NEVER USE) | Direct parallel to the baseline’s caution on “calling” vs. da’wah — here the risk is a legally dangerous collision rather than a merely doctrinal one. | Ch. 2, 3, 8, 31 |
| 7 | Return / Repent | שׁוּב (shuv) | يرجع / الرجوع | Hope of Restoration; Individual Responsibility | High | يتوب / التوبة (Islamic tawbah — human-initiated, merit-generating repentance) | Preserve the increasingly God-initiated restoration sense developed toward chs. 24, 31-33 (cf. 31:18, “Bring me back, that I may be restored”); avoid collapsing into a self-effort framework. | Ch. 3, 4, 8, 24, 31 |
| 8 | Restore the Fortunes (restoration idiom) | שׁוּב שְׁבוּת (shuv shevut) | إرجاع السبي / استرجاع أحوالهم | Hope of Restoration after Exile | Medium-High | — | Redemptive-historical promise; must not be taught as endorsement of any specific contemporary geopolitical claim — same caution as baseline’s “israel” entry. | Ch. 16, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 |
| 9 | Exile / Captivity | גָּלוּת / שְׁבִי (galut / shevi) | السبي | Hope of Restoration after Exile | Medium | — | Historical-theological anchor; note contemporary “galut/exile” theology resonance, similar sensitivity class to “israel.” | Throughout chs. 24-52 |
| 10 | Remnant | שְׁאֵרִית (she’erit) | البقية | Hope of Restoration after Exile | Medium | — | Holds together judgment (most cut off) and hope (some preserved by grace); avoid naive “comfort = favor” misreading. | Ch. 23, 24, 40-44 |
| 11 | Potter / Vessel / Clay | יָצַר / כְּלִי / חֶמֶר (yatsar / keli / chemer) | الفخاري / الوعاء / الطين | God’s Sovereign Plans for His People | Medium | — | Genuine bridge to Qur’anic clay-creation imagery; preserve the passage’s explicit conditionality (repentance changes the outcome) against folk qadar fatalism. | Ch. 1, 18, 19 |
| 12 | Plans / Thoughts (of God) | מַחֲשָׁבָה (machashavah) | أفكار الرب / مقاصد الرب | God’s Sovereign Plans for His People | High | — | Widely (mis)quoted devotionally; correct both toward the baseline’s qadar-fatalism caution AND toward its original exilic-community context (not an unconditional individual-prosperity guarantee). | Ch. 29:11 |
| 13 | False Prophet | נָבִיא שָׁקֶר (navi sheqer) | نبي كاذب | False Prophets versus True Prophecy | High | — | Shares root نبي with Muhammad’s defining title; present the text’s own testing criteria (predictive fulfillment, moral fruit, consistency with prior revelation) on their own terms. | Ch. 14, 23, 27-29, 37 |
| 14 | False Vision/Dream | חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר / חֲלוֹם שֶׁקֶר (chazon/chalom sheqer) | رؤيا كاذبة / حلم كاذب | False Prophets versus True Prophecy | Medium | — | Distinguishes self-generated prophetic claims (“the deceit of their own heart,” 23:26) from genuine reception of the word of the LORD. | Ch. 23, 27, 29 |
| 15 | Word of the LORD | דְּבַר־יהוה (devar-YHWH) | كلمة الرب | Inspiration of Scripture; False Prophets vs. True Prophecy | High | — | Distinguish from the Johannine Christological “the Word” (a different referent, a divine Person, elsewhere Critical); intersects with waḥy (verbatim dictation) framing — teach as God moving a human author to write in his own idiom. | Throughout (structural formula) |
| 16 | Yoke | עֹל (‘ol) | النير | False Prophets vs. True Prophecy; Sovereign Plans | Medium | — | Submission to Babylon as time-bound, specific prophetic instruction, not a general political principle; Hananiah’s false yoke-breaking (ch. 28) is a narratively explicit true/false-prophecy test case. | Ch. 27, 28 |
| 17 | Cup of Wrath | כּוֹס (kos) | كأس غضب الرب | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness; Sovereign Plans (international scope) | Medium | — | Broadly compatible wrath vocabulary; keep the covenantal (relational) basis of wrath explicit, not merely abstract-legal. | Ch. 25, 49-51 |
| 18 | Utter Destruction / The Ban | חֵרֶם (cherem) | الهلاك التام | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness | Medium-High (root-cognate risk) | حرام / الحرم (Arabic cognate root ح-ر-م — legal-prohibition/sacred-precinct sense; NEVER USE for cherem) | Same Semitic triliteral root as Arabic ḥ-r-m; rendering as حرام would flatten irrevocable covenantal judgment-devotion into a simple legal prohibition and create unwanted resonance with sacred-precinct vocabulary. | Ch. 25, 50-51 |
| 19 | Seventy Years | שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה | سبعون سنة | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Low | — | Concrete, historically verified fulfillment (2 Chron 36:21-22; Ezra 1:1); strong internal-biblical example against a naskh (abrogation) framing. | Ch. 25, 29 |
| 20 | Heart | לֵב / לֵבָב (lev/levav) | القلب | The New Covenant; Individual Responsibility | Critical | — | Central term of Islamic interior spirituality (qalb purified through dhikr); New Covenant heart-writing (31:33) must be taught as God’s unilateral act, not a description of self-attained devotional purity. Must be read together with 17:9’s diagnosis of the heart’s corruption. | 4:4, 17:9, 24:7, 31:33 |
| 21 | Knowledge of God | דַּעַת / יָדַע (da’at/yada) | معرفة الرب / المعرفة | The New Covenant | High | — | Overlaps with Sufi maʿrifah (elite mystical gnosis); 31:34’s knowledge is universal and unmediated (“from the least to the greatest”), the opposite structure. | 9:23-24, 24:7, 31:34 |
| 22 | Forgiveness | סָלַח (salach) | أغفر / المغفرة | The New Covenant | Medium-High | — | Broadly compatible vocabulary (Al-Ghafūr); must retain present-tense finality, not conditional pending a future deeds-balance (per baseline’s “salvation” Critical note). | 31:34 |
| 23 | Iniquity | עָוֹן (avon) | الإثم | The New Covenant | Medium | — | Keep distinct from الخطية (sin/חטא) so Jeremiah’s two-term emphasis on total forgiveness is preserved, not collapsed into one Arabic word. | 31:34 |
| 24 | Remember [Sin] No More | זָכַר (zakar), negated | لا أذكرها بعد | The New Covenant | High | — | Forensic/judicial closure of a legal case, not divine forgetfulness through ignorance; cross-reference with baseline’s التبرير and البر المحسوب. | 31:34 |
| 25 | Individual Responsibility | אִישׁ בְּעָוֹנוֹ (ish be-avono) | كل واحد يموت بإثمه | Individual Responsibility | High | — | Must be distinguished from the Islamic fitrah/no-inherited-sin framework; this is a specific rejection of a fatalistic proverb about the exile generation’s own choices, not a general statement overriding Romans 5’s Adam federal-headship doctrine. Flag for theologian review whenever taught alongside Romans 5. | 31:29-30 |
| 26 | Justice and Righteousness (social-ethical pair) | מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה (mishpat u-tzedaqah) | الحق والعدل (paired with, but distinct from, البر) | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness (fruit of covenant loyalty) | High | — | Ethical social practice as fruit, not ground, of covenant standing — parallel structure to baseline’s “obedience of faith”; keep distinct from البر’s Critical works-checklist caution. | 22:3, 22:16 |
| 27 | Shepherd(s) | רֹעֶה (ro’eh) | الراعي / الرعاة | False Prophets vs. True Prophecy; Messianic Promise | Medium | راعي كنيسة (modern church-office “pastor” — different referent, avoid) | Shared, positive ruler-as-shepherd imagery (cf. hadith on rulers’ accountability); retain messianic specificity when applied to the Branch. | 23:1-4 |
| 28 | Righteous Branch | צֶמַח צַדִּיק (tzemach tzaddiq) | غصن البر | Messianic Promise; Davidic Covenant | Critical | — | Built directly on البر (baseline Critical term); the Branch himself embodies/secures righteousness as a Person, not a moral achievement Israel’s kings failed to attain. | 23:5, 33:15 |
| 29 | ”The LORD Is Our Righteousness” (YHWH Tzidkenu) | יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ | الرب بِرُّنا | Deity of Christ / Messianic Promise | Critical | — | The divine covenant Name compounded with righteousness and ascribed to the promised Davidic king (and, at 33:16, to Jerusalem corporately); the closest OT parallel to the baseline’s Critical Lord/Son-of-God collisions — the church did not invent this category, Jeremiah’s own text does. | 23:6, 33:16 |
| 30 | Queen of Heaven (idol) | מַלְכַּת הַשָּׁמַיִם (malkat ha-shamayim) | ملكة السماء | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry | Low (lexically); high pedagogical value | — | Concrete named idolatry case study persisting even after undeniable judgment and even in exile; strong negative-example support for the New Covenant’s necessity. | 7:18, 44:17-19 |
| 31 | Scroll | מְגִלָּה (megillah) | الدرج | Inspiration of Scripture | Medium | — | Scripture’s content survives a king’s deliberate physical destruction of a written copy — a strong in-text counter-illustration to the tahrif narrative flagged in the baseline. | 36:1-32 |
| 32 | ”Cut” a Covenant (idiom) | כָּרַת בְּרִית (karat berith) | عقد عهدًا / قطع عهدًا | Covenant-making background | Low-Medium | — | Illustrates the ritual seriousness of ANE covenant-making, reinforcing why covenant-breaking language carries such weight. | 34:18-20 |
| 33 | Temple/House [of the LORD] | הֵיכָל / בַּיִת (heikhal/bayit) | الهيكل / بيت الرب | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness (ritual without righteousness) | Medium | — | Cultic performance does not guarantee divine presence apart from moral/relational covenant fidelity; handle contemporary sacred-site sensitivities pastorally. | 7:1-15 |
| 34 | Sabbath | שַׁבָּת (Shabbat) | السبت | Covenant obedience (test case) | Low-Medium | — | Shared root vocabulary, minor collision; not deeply developed elsewhere in this curriculum’s core doctrines. | 17:19-27 |
| 35 | Compassion / Mercy | רַחֲמִים (rachamim) | الرحمة / الحنان | Hope of Restoration after Exile | High | — | Baseline rejects الرحمة as a substitute for “grace” (works-responsive favor concern); here it is the correct term for restoration-compassion, but must still be taught as preceding and producing repentance, not earned by prior moral improvement. | 12:15, 31:20, 33:26 |
| 36 | Compulsion to Prophesy (“fire in the bones”) | אֵשׁ עָצֻר בְּעַצְמֹתַי | نار محبوسة في عظامي | The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry | High | — | An involuntary, God-imposed compulsion that costs the prophet dearly; must not be softened into mere professional zeal or dedication. | 20:9 |
| 37 | Weeping / Lament | בָּכָה (bakah) | البكاء / النوح | The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry | Low-Medium | — | Broadly compatible with regional lament traditions; a useful bridge for teaching the legitimacy of grief as a faithful response to judgment. | Ch. 8, 9, 13, 14, 20, 31 |
| 38 | Conspiracy / Plot (against the prophet) | קֶשֶׁר (qesher) | مؤامرة / تدبير الشر | The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry | Low-Medium | — | Must not be softened into merely emotional opposition — Jeremiah’s own community threatens his life for faithful proclamation. | 11:18-23, 18:18, 26:20-23, 38:1-13 |
| 39 | Creator / Living God | בָּרָא / יָצַר / אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים | الخالق / الله الحي | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry (contrast with idols) | Medium | — | Shared, positive vocabulary (al-Khāliq); preserve the personal, relational, covenant-keeping force of “living God” against a purely philosophical Prime-Mover reading. | Ch. 10 |
| 40 | Babylon (proper noun, typological) | בָּבֶל (Bavel) | بابل | Sovereign Plans for His People (international judgment) | Low-Medium | — | Historical empire and instrument of judgment; note typological continuity with later “Babylon” imagery (relevant if this Language Package extends to Revelation). | Ch. 25, 27-29, 50-51 |
| 41 | Egypt (proper noun) | מִצְרַיִם (Mitzrayim) | مصر | Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness (flight against God’s word) | Low-Medium | — | Same name as the modern nation-state; keep the historical-narrative referent (chs. 42-44) distinct from contemporary political reference. | Ch. 42-46 |
Section 3 — Cross-Doctrine Risk Flags Requiring Human Theologian Review
The following combinations require mandatory human theologian review per the baseline’s escalation framework (extended here for Jeremiah):
- Jeremiah 31:31-34 in its entirety — the Critical-tier core passage; every clause carries at least High risk.
- Jeremiah 31:32 cross-referenced with Hebrews 8:9 — MT/LXX textual divergence (“I was their husband” vs. “I disregarded them”).
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 and 33:15-16 (“Righteous Branch” / “YHWH Tzidkenu”) — the OT’s own ascription of the divine Name to the Messianic Branch; structurally identical risk class to the baseline’s Lord/Son-of-God Critical entries.
- Jeremiah 31:29-30 taught alongside Romans 5 — individual responsibility vs. Adam’s federal headship; risk of appearing to concede the fitrah/no-inherited-sin framework.
- Jeremiah 2-3’s harlotry/adultery imagery — risk of literal hadd-penalty misreading if not explicitly framed as covenantal metaphor.
- Any “backsliding/faithlessness” occurrence — permanent forbidden-substitution flag against الارتداد.
- Any “restoration of fortunes” or “Israel/Judah” occurrence in chs. 29-33 — contemporary political-sensitivity framing required, per baseline’s “israel” note.
This glossary is a proposed extension to translation_memory.json for Phase 2. All Section 2 terms should be reviewed and, upon approval, incremented into translation memory with an updated version number per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: الله
Transliteration: Allāh
Doctrine: God
Original: אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact rendering, no deviation). In Jeremiah, denotes YHWH/Elohim, the personal, covenant-making God who directly addresses and indicts Israel/Judah — this relational, covenant-keeping character must be distinguished from Islamic tawhid’s strictly unitarian, transactional conception of Allah’s favor.
Lord
Approved rendering: الرب
Transliteration: al-Rabb
Doctrine: Lordship / Divine Name
Rejected alternatives: السيد, المولى
Original: יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Van Dyck rendering of the covenant name יהוה throughout Jeremiah. At 23:6/33:16 this title is compounded with ‘our righteousness’ (see yhwh_tzidkenu) and applied to the promised Davidic Branch himself — the same category of claim the baseline flags as maximally confrontational when applied to Jesus in Romans 10:9, except originating directly in Jeremiah’s own Hebrew text.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: العهد الجديد
Transliteration: al-‘ahd al-jadīd
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: العهد المتجدد
Original: בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה
Category: Covenant
Curriculum thesis term, structurally parallel in weight to Romans 1:16-17 in the baseline. NEVER render as العهد المتجدد (‘renewed covenant’), which implies mere repetition of the old Sinai arrangement rather than a qualitatively new covenant basis. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence, including the parallel ‘everlasting covenant’ (32:40) and the NT citations (Hebrews 8, 10; Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:6).
Everlasting Covenant
Approved rendering: عهد أبدي
Transliteration: ‘ahd abadī
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Original: בְּרִית עוֹלָם
Category: Covenant
Jeremiah 32:40’s ‘covenant of perpetuity,’ restating in nearly identical terms the New Covenant of 31:31-34 (heart-implantation, permanence, the covenant formula). Must be taught and cross-referenced as the same covenant as العهد الجديد described from a different angle, never as a second, unrelated promise.
Law
Approved rendering: الناموس
Transliteration: al-nāmūs
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: الشريعة, الشرع
Original: תּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (Critical, forbidden-substitution term). NEVER الشريعة or الشرع. Renders תּוֹרָה at 31:33 and throughout; the New Covenant relocates, but does not abolish, this Law — from an external code to an internalized reality written by God on the heart.
Heart
Approved rendering: القلب
Transliteration: al-qalb
Doctrine: Inward Transformation of the Heart
Original: לֵב / לֵבָב
Category: Salvation
القلب is the central term of Islamic interior spirituality, purified through dhikr and disciplined devotional practice toward qalb salim. Jeremiah 31:33’s heart-writing must be taught as God’s own gracious, unilateral act — not a description of a disciplined inner state a worshiper attains through practice. Must always be read together with 17:9’s diagnosis of the heart’s corruption (‘the heart is deceitful above all things’).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: البر
Transliteration: al-birr
Doctrine: Salvation / Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: الصلاح, العدل
Original: צְדָקָה / צֶדֶק
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (Critical, forbidden-substitution caution). Underlies both the Messianic title ‘Righteous Branch’ (see righteous_branch) and Jeremiah 22’s social-ethics demand (see justice_and_righteousness); the latter must be kept distinct from البر’s Critical works-checklist caution — social-justice practice is fruit, not ground, of covenant standing.
Justification
Approved rendering: التبرير
Transliteration: al-tabrīr
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: التزكية, الحكم بالبراءة
Original: cf. Jer 31:34’s forensic ‘I will remember their sin no more’ (לֹא אֶזְכֹּר־עוֹד)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jeremiah 31:34’s forensic ‘I will remember their sin no more’ (לֹא אֶזְכֹּר־עוֹד) is the OT seedbed of this doctrine — a legal/relational verdict, not divine forgetfulness through ignorance. Cross-reference explicitly with this verse.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: البر المحسوب
Transliteration: al-birr al-maḥsūb
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: البر المكتسب
Original: cf. Jer 23:6/33:16’s יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ (‘the LORD is our righteousness’)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER البر المكتسب (‘earned righteousness’). Jeremiah 23:6/33:16’s yhwh_tzidkenu title asserts righteousness credited through identification with the promised Branch, prefiguring this NT crediting doctrine rather than a moral achievement Israel’s kings failed to attain.
Adoption
Approved rendering: التبني
Transliteration: al-tabannī
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: الاستلحاق
Original: אֶהְיֶה לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים וְהֵמָּה יִהְיוּ־לִי לְעָם
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (forbidden-substitution term). Relevant conceptual background to Jeremiah’s covenant formula ‘I will be their God, and they shall be my people’ (31:33), the OT relational seedbed the NT fully unpacks as full son-and-heir adoption.
Messiah
Approved rendering: المسيح
Transliteration: al-Masīḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: צֶמַח צַדִּיק (functioning as the Messianic figure; the term מָשִׁיחַ itself does not occur in Jeremiah)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Present in Jeremiah under the title ‘Righteous Branch’ (23:5-6; the term מָשִׁיחַ itself does not occur in the book). Al-Masih already carries a well-defined, competing Qur’anic narrative (4:171); Jeremiah’s Branch prophecy must actively correct this, since it asserts the coming ruler bears YHWH’s own Name.
Righteous Branch
Approved rendering: غصن البر
Transliteration: ghuṣn al-birr
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and the Deity of Christ
Original: צֶמַח צַדִּיק
Category: Christology
The Messianic title (23:5; 33:15) picturing new royal life springing from the apparently dead stump of David’s fallen line. Built directly on البر (Critical baseline term); the Branch himself embodies and secures righteousness as a Person, not a moral achievement Israel’s kings failed to attain through effort.
Yhwh Tzidkenu
Approved rendering: الرب بِرُّنا
Transliteration: al-Rabb birrunā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and the Deity of Christ
Original: יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ
Category: Christology
‘The LORD is our righteousness’ (23:6; 33:16, of Jerusalem corporately). The single most theologically loaded Christological phrase in Jeremiah: YHWH’s own covenant Name compounded with righteousness, ascribed to the promised Davidic king. Structurally identical risk class to the baseline’s Critical lord/son_of_god entries — this is not a later church invention but Jeremiah’s own pre-Christian Hebrew text. Must NEVER be diluted to ‘God provides righteousness for the king’s people.‘
Backsliding Faithlessness
Approved rendering: الخيانة
Transliteration: al-khiyānah
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: الارتداد (PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN)
Original: מְשׁוּבָה
Category: Idolatry
PERMANENT FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: NEVER render as الارتداد. الارتداد is the specific, legally consequential Islamic term for abandoning Islam, carrying severe traditional legal/social penalties — including capital punishment under some classical interpretations still invoked in parts of the Arabic-speaking world. الخيانة conveys the relational-covenantal sense (מְשׁוּבָה) without this real-world danger.
High Risk Terms
Knowledge Of God
Approved rendering: معرفة الرب / المعرفة
Transliteration: ma’rifat al-Rabb / al-ma’rifah
Doctrine: Universal and Unmediated Knowledge of God
Rejected alternatives: العلم
Original: דַּעַת / יָדַע
Category: Salvation
المعرفة overlaps significantly with the Sufi technical term ma’rifah — experiential, mystical gnosis attained through a graduated spiritual ascent available chiefly to advanced seekers. Jeremiah 31:34 teaches the opposite structure: universal, unmediated, covenant-wide knowledge granted by God to every member ‘from the least to the greatest.’ Always pair with الرب or an explicit universal-scope qualifier.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: أغفر / المغفرة
Transliteration: aghfir / al-maghfirah
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Original: סָלַח
Category: Salvation
غفران/غفور invokes Al-Ghafūr (‘The Forgiving’), broadly compatible shared vocabulary, but mainstream Islamic forgiveness remains conditional on the final deeds-weighing at judgment (mizan). Jeremiah 31:34’s forgiveness must be taught with present-tense finality, per the baseline’s caution for الخلاص: secured now, not pending a future balance.
Sin
Approved rendering: الخطية
Transliteration: al-khaṭīyah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: الذنب, الإثم
Original: חַטָּאָה / חטא
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Islamic fitrah doctrine holds each person is born in natural purity with no inherited sin; Jeremiah’s own indictment of Judah’s persistent, generational, unbreakable sin-pattern (13:23, 17:9) must be taught as running against this default framing. Keep distinct from الإثم (iniquity).
Individual Responsibility
Approved rendering: كل واحد يموت بإثمه
Transliteration: kullu wāḥidin yamūtu bi-ithmihi
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility
Original: אִישׁ בְּעָוֹנוֹ
Category: Sin
Jeremiah 31:29-30’s rejection of a fatalistic sour-grapes proverb about the exile generation’s own moral agency. This surface proximity to the Islamic fitrah/no-inherited-sin framework requires careful, explicit distinction: this is a specific, situational statement, not a general metaphysical claim overriding Romans 5’s Adam federal-headship doctrine. MANDATORY human theologian review whenever taught alongside Romans 5.
Election
Approved rendering: اختيار الله
Transliteration: ikhtiyār Allāh
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: יָדַע / בָּחַר
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to Jeremiah’s own prophetic calling (‘before I formed you… I knew you,’ 1:5) and to Israel’s corporate election; must be presented as personal, purposive foreknowledge for a specific calling, not generic fatalistic destiny — guard against collapse into folk qadar (‘it is written’).
Providence
Approved rendering: العناية الإلهية
Transliteration: al-‘ināyah al-ilāhiyyah
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Rejected alternatives: القدر, تدبير الله (acceptable secondary synonym)
Original: כָּל אֵלֶּה עֹשֶׂה יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (Medium-High there), elevated to High here given the frequency and scale of Jeremiah’s sovereignty claims (chs. 1, 18, 25, 27-29, 46-51). Keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism, which strips outcomes of relational particularity and moral responsiveness.
Plans Thoughts Of God
Approved rendering: أفكار الرب / مقاصد الرب
Transliteration: afkār al-Rabb / maqāṣid al-Rabb
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Rejected alternatives: القدر
Original: מַחֲשָׁבָה
Category: God
Jeremiah 29:11’s ‘plans for welfare, not evil.’ Widely (mis)quoted devotionally as an unconditional individual-prosperity guarantee, detached from its original exilic-community context (29:4-7). Must correct in two directions: against folk qadar fatalism AND against the popular decontextualized prosperity misreading. Attach a standing corrective note to every occurrence of this specific verse.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: نسل داود
Transliteration: nasl Dāwūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: כִּסֵּא דָוִד (context: 33:17, ‘a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel’)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Physical, dynastic descent from David, through whom the Righteous Branch and yhwh_tzidkenu are promised (23:5, 33:15, 33:17). Requires the fuller covenant-king typology absent from the Qur’anic Dawud.
Prophet
Approved rendering: نبي
Transliteration: nabī
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Jeremiah’s call narrative (1:5) is the paradigm text for testing prophetic authority by direct divine commissioning verified by fulfilled word (ch. 28), not by self-declared status.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: نبي كاذب
Transliteration: nabī kādhib
Doctrine: False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Original: נָבִיא שָׁקֶר
Category: Prophecy
Shares the root نبي with Muhammad’s own defining title. Present Jeremiah’s own testing criteria (predictive fulfillment 28:9, moral fruit 23:22, consistency with prior revelation) on the text’s own terms rather than as a forced comparative-religion polemic.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: كلمة الرب
Transliteration: kalimat al-Rabb
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: وحي (rejected as a primary rendering; usable only in explanatory contrast notes)
Original: דְּבַר־יהוה
Category: Prophecy
The recurring formula structuring the entire book. Must be distinguished at first use from the Johannine/Christological ‘the Word’ (a divine Person, different referent) and from waḥy (verbatim dictated revelation) theology — teach as God moving a human author to write in his own idiom while fully affirming these are God’s actual words.
Oracle Formula
Approved rendering: يقول الرب
Transliteration: yaqūlu al-Rabb
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture / False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: وحي (rejected as primary; contrast notes only)
Original: נְאֻם־יהוה
Category: Prophecy
‘Utterance of YHWH’ (נְאֻם־יהוה), occurring ~175 times in Jeremiah, more than any other OT book — the book’s structural signature and the very formula false prophets counterfeit. High cumulative exposure given frequency; establish the wahy-distinction early and reinforce.
Spiritual Harlotry
Approved rendering: الزنى الروحي
Transliteration: al-zinā al-rūḥī
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: الزنى (bare/unqualified — forbidden as standalone rendering)
Original: זָנָה
Category: Idolatry
الزنى is a defined hadd-penalty legal category in Islamic law with severe legal/social weight apart from any metaphorical use. Every occurrence must be anchored explicitly as covenantal/marital metaphor — never left to stand alone as a bare legal accusation (ch. 2-3).
Circumcise The Heart
Approved rendering: اختنوا قلوبكم للرب
Transliteration: ikhtinū qulūbakum lil-Rabb
Doctrine: Inward Transformation of the Heart
Original: מוּל לֵב
Category: Idolatry
4:4’s metaphorical extension of the literal covenant sign (physical circumcision) to the inner life. ختان is a live, socially significant practice in the Arab Muslim context; the metaphor’s point — external sign without internal reality is worthless — must be made explicit.
Return Repent
Approved rendering: يرجع / الرجوع
Transliteration: yarji’u / al-rujū’
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Rejected alternatives: يتوب / التوبة
Original: שׁוּב
Category: Restoration
Deliberately preferred over يتوب/التوبة. التوبة is the central technical term of Islamic soteriology — human-initiated, merit-generating repentance. Jeremiah’s shuv, especially toward chs. 24, 31-33, increasingly emphasizes God’s own gracious initiative in restoring a people who cannot restore themselves (31:18).
Restore Fortunes
Approved rendering: إرجاع السبي / استرجاع أحوالهم
Transliteration: irjā’ al-sabī / istirjā’ aḥwālihim
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Original: שׁוּב שְׁבוּת
Category: Restoration
Fixed technical idiom (שׁוּב שְׁבוּת) underlying the Book of Consolation (chs. 30-33; appears at minimum seven times). Must not be taught as endorsing any specific contemporary geopolitical claim regarding the modern state of Israel — attach the same standing disclaimer the baseline applies to ‘israel’ at every occurrence.
Compassion Mercy
Approved rendering: الرحمة / الحنان
Transliteration: al-raḥmah / al-ḥanān
Doctrine: Divine Compassion and Mercy in Restoration
Original: רַחֲמִים
Category: Restoration
The baseline explicitly rejects الرحمة as a substitute for ‘grace’ because Islamic رحمة functions as favor responsive to piety. Here it is the correct and necessary term (12:15; 31:20 ‘my heart yearns for him’; 33:26), but the same caution applies in a different direction: restoration compassion must be taught as preceding and producing repentance, not earned by Israel’s prior moral improvement.
Israel
Approved rendering: إسرائيل
Transliteration: Isrā’īl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Hope of Restoration after Exile
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Contemporary political sensitivity applies with equal or greater force in Jeremiah 30-33’s restoration promises than in Romans 9-11; requires deliberate pastoral framing so the redemptive-historical promise is not read through a present-day political lens.
Judah
Approved rendering: يهوذا
Transliteration: Yahūdhā
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Original: יְהוּדָה
Category: Covenant
New term for this Language Package. يهوذا is visually and phonetically close to يهود (‘Jews,’ the standard modern Arabic ethnonym), which — like ‘Isra’il’ — carries live contemporary political weight. Requires the same deliberate pastoral framing the baseline applies to ‘israel’: this is the covenant-historical kingdom of Judah, not a statement about any modern people or state.
Cherem Utter Destruction
Approved rendering: الهلاك التام
Transliteration: al-halāk al-tāmm
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: حرام, الحرم
Original: חֵרֶם
Category: Judgment
Shares the Semitic triliteral root (ח-ר-ם / ح-ر-م) with Arabic حرام (‘forbidden by law’) and حرم (‘sacred/inviolable precinct’). NEVER render as حرام or الحرم — this would reduce an irrevocable act of covenantal judgment-devotion to a simple legal prohibition and create unwanted resonance with the sacred-precinct sense.
Justice And Righteousness
Approved rendering: الحق والعدل
Transliteration: al-ḥaqq wal-‘adl
Doctrine: Temple Worship versus True Righteousness
Original: מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה
Category: Judgment
Fixed prophetic word-pair (מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה, 22:3, 16) denoting concrete social-ethical practice. Must be kept distinct from البر’s Critical works-checklist caution: this is the fruit and evidence of a covenant relationship already established, not its ground — structurally parallel to the baseline’s ‘obedience of faith.‘
Compulsion To Prophesy
Approved rendering: نار محبوسة في عظامي
Transliteration: nār maḥbūsah fī ‘iẓāmī
Doctrine: The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry
Original: אֵשׁ עָצֻר בְּעַצְמֹתַי
Category: Ministry
‘Fire shut up in my bones’ (20:9). Must not be softened into mere professional dedication or emotional zeal — the text depicts an involuntary, God-imposed compulsion costing Jeremiah dearly. This is the darkest self-disclosure of any OT prophet and should not be trimmed for pastoral comfort. No natural single Arabic idiom exists; render as a retained literal calque, not a paraphrase.
Glory
Approved rendering: المجد
Transliteration: al-majd
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God’s Radiant Presence
Rejected alternatives: النور الإلهي
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Renders כָּבוֹד at 2:11 (‘my glory for that which does not profit’). Avoid light-based renderings that could evoke Sufi illumination (ishraq) mysticism.
Intercession
Approved rendering: الشفاعة
Transliteration: al-shafā’ah
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: פָּגַע / הִתְפַּלֵּל בְּעַד
Category: Ministry
Inherited from Romans package. Jeremiah’s own prayer ministry, notably forbidden by God for a period (14:11) — a useful contrast case showing intercession is not automatically efficacious apart from God’s own will, relevant background for later teaching on Christ’s exclusive, finished-work-grounded intercession.
Medium Risk Terms
Living God Creator
Approved rendering: الخالق / الله الحي
Transliteration: al-Khāliq / Allāh al-Ḥayy
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים / בָּרָא
Category: God
God as the living, active Creator contrasted with powerless idols (10:1-16). الخالق is genuinely shared, positive vocabulary (al-Khāliq, one of Allah’s 99 names) and functions as a bridge term; ensure ‘living God’ retains personal, relational, covenant-acting force rather than being absorbed into a purely philosophical Prime-Mover concept.
Covenant
Approved rendering: العهد
Transliteration: al-‘ahd
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: الميثاق
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (Medium there). Base term underlying every covenant reference in Jeremiah (Sinai, Davidic, New). Risk is elevated to Critical specifically for the compound ‘new covenant’ (see new_covenant) since Jeremiah 31:31 is the sole verbatim OT occurrence of that exact phrase and the etymological source of العهد الجديد as the standing Arabic title for the New Testament.
Iniquity
Approved rendering: الإثم
Transliteration: al-ithm
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Original: עָוֹן
Category: Sin
Renders עָוֹן, kept deliberately distinct from الخطية (sin/חטא) so Jeremiah’s own two-term emphasis on total forgiveness (both the act and its resultant guilt) is preserved rather than collapsed into a single Arabic word (31:34).
Potter Vessel Clay
Approved rendering: الفخاري / الوعاء / الطين
Transliteration: al-fakhkhārī / al-wi’ā’ / al-ṭīn
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Original: יָצַר / כְּלִי / חֶמֶר
Category: God
The extended metaphor (18:1-11) for God’s sovereign authority to shape, reshape, build up, or tear down a nation. Genuinely shared, positive imagery echoing the Qur’anic account of humanity fashioned from clay; the passage’s explicit conditionality (repentance changes the outcome, 18:7-10) must not be flattened into unconditional fatalism or capricious divine reshaping without covenant faithfulness underneath.
David
Approved rendering: داود
Transliteration: Dāwūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Jeremiah explicitly develops the covenant-king typology (an everlasting Davidic heir guaranteed ‘as day follows night,’ 33:17-26) which the positively-regarded but differently-framed Qur’anic Dawud does not carry; supply this background explicitly.
Shepherd
Approved rendering: الراعي / الرعاة
Transliteration: al-rā’ī / al-ru’āh
Doctrine: False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: راعي كنيسة (modern church-office referent — avoid)
Original: רֹעֶה
Category: Christology
Royal/leadership metaphor applied negatively to Judah’s corrupt kings (23:1) and, by contrast, to the coming righteous Davidic ruler. Broadly shared, positive imagery (cf. the hadith on a ruler’s accountability as shepherd of his flock); retain messianic specificity when applied to the Branch.
False Vision Dream
Approved rendering: رؤيا كاذبة / حلم كاذب
Transliteration: ru’yā kādhibah / ḥulm kādhib
Doctrine: False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Original: חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר / חֲלוֹם שֶׁקֶר
Category: Prophecy
Self-generated prophetic claims — ‘the deceit of their own heart’ (23:26) — contrasted with genuine reception of the word of the LORD.
Scroll
Approved rendering: الدرج
Transliteration: al-darj
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: מְגִלָּה
Category: Prophecy
Ch. 36: King Jehoiakim burns the scroll, but it is re-dictated and even expanded. A strong in-text counter-illustration to the tahrif (scriptural corruption) narrative — Scripture’s content survives deliberate, high-level physical destruction, with the text preserved and expanded.
Idols
Approved rendering: الأوثان
Transliteration: al-awthān
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: אֱלִיל / גִּלּוּלִים / עֶצֶב
Category: Idolatry
Largely shared, positive vocabulary — the Qur’anic idol-smashing narrative (21:51-70) is a live, generally positive cultural bridge. Keep the specific covenant-breaking (marital-betrayal) logic distinct from the generic shirk category, which lacks that framing.
Exile Captivity
Approved rendering: السبي
Transliteration: al-sabī
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Original: גָּלוּת / שְׁבִי
Category: Restoration
The Babylonian captivity itself, the historical-theological event around which chs. 24-52 are organized. Contemporary galut/exile-theology resonance carries a similar sensitivity class to ‘israel.‘
Remnant
Approved rendering: البقية
Transliteration: al-baqīyah
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Original: שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Restoration
Holds together judgment (most cut off) and hope (some preserved by grace). Ch. 24 explicitly inverts ordinary expectation — the exiles, not those remaining in the land, are the ‘good figs.’ Avoid a naive ‘comfort = divine favor’ misreading.
Gentiles Nations
Approved rendering: الأمم
Transliteration: al-umam
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: الكفار
Original: גּוֹיִם
Category: Judgment
Inherited from Romans package. Renders גּוֹיִם throughout the Oracles Against the Nations (chs. 46-51) and Jeremiah’s own commissioning as ‘a prophet to the nations’ (1:5). Note the nuance shift from recipients-of-gospel-mission (Romans) to objects-of-judgment-and-sovereignty (Jeremiah) — same lexeme, complementary sense.
Cup Of Wrath
Approved rendering: كأس غضب الرب
Transliteration: ka’s ghaḍab al-Rabb
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Original: כּוֹס
Category: Judgment
Metaphorical cup of divine judgment forced upon all nations (25:15-29, 49-51). غضب is broadly compatible vocabulary (cf. Qur’an 1:7); the covenantal basis of YHWH’s wrath (a violated relationship, not merely a violated abstract law) should remain explicit.
Yoke
Approved rendering: النير
Transliteration: al-nīr
Doctrine: False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Original: עֹל
Category: Prophecy
Wooden crossbar symbolizing submission to Babylon (ch. 27), publicly broken by the false prophet Hananiah and proven false within the year (ch. 28) — a rare, narratively explicit fulfillment-test case. The underlying claim (submission to a pagan empire as God’s specific, time-bound will) must not be generalized into a standing political principle.
Temple House Of The Lord
Approved rendering: الهيكل / بيت الرب
Transliteration: al-haykal / bayt al-Rabb
Doctrine: Temple Worship versus True Righteousness
Original: הֵיכָל / בַּיִת
Category: Judgment
God’s presence and covenant favor are not automatically guaranteed by cultic performance at a sacred site absent moral/relational covenant fidelity (ch. 7, ‘a den of robbers’). Handle with pastoral awareness of contemporary sacred-site sensitivities (e.g., Jerusalem) without diluting the text’s own confrontational point.
Peace
Approved rendering: السلام
Transliteration: al-salām
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: الأمان, الطمأنينة
Original: שָׁלוֹם
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (Medium there; elevated to High in false-peace contexts). At 6:14/8:11 false prophets’ hollow ‘Peace, peace, when there is no peace’ must carry an explicit context-flag distinguishing it from the baseline’s positive doctrinal sense of السلام مع الله.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: muqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: طاهر
Original: קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to temple/priestly holiness language throughout Jeremiah; shares the ق-د-س root with al-Quds/al-Quddus, generally safe shared vocabulary.
Low Risk Terms
Cut A Covenant
Approved rendering: عقد عهدًا / قطع عهدًا
Transliteration: ‘aqada ‘ahdan / qata’a ‘ahdan
Doctrine: Covenant-Making and Covenant-Breaking
Original: כָּרַת בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Standard Hebrew idiom for covenant-making (34:18-19), reflecting the ancient ritual of cutting an animal to ratify a binding agreement. Useful for illustrating the ritual seriousness ancient covenants carried, reinforcing why covenant-breaking language elsewhere in the book (31:32) carries such moral weight.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوءة
Transliteration: nubū’ah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: נְבוּאָה
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Shares root with نبي; low independent risk.
Seventy Years
Approved rendering: سبعون سنة
Transliteration: sab’ūna sanah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה
Category: Prophecy
Concrete, falsifiable time-marker for Babylonian exile’s duration (25:11-12, 29:10), historically fulfilled (2 Chron 36:21-22; Ezra 1:1). Strong internal-biblical example against a naskh (abrogation) framing.
Queen Of Heaven
Approved rendering: ملكة السماء
Transliteration: malikat al-samā’
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: מַלְכַּת הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: Idolatry
Specific astral/fertility goddess title (7:18, 44:17-19). Low lexical risk; high pedagogical value as a concrete negative case study for the New Covenant’s necessity — external judgment alone did not change the heart.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: السبت
Transliteration: al-sabt
Doctrine: Covenant-Making and Covenant-Breaking
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Covenant
Weekly covenant sign made a specific test case of Jerusalem’s covenant obedience (17:19-27). Shared root vocabulary (al-sabt = Saturday); no significant doctrinal collision.
Weeping Lament
Approved rendering: البكاء / النوح
Transliteration: al-bukā’ / al-nawḥ
Doctrine: The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry
Original: בָּכָה
Category: Ministry
Ritualized and personal mourning over covenant judgment (chs. 8, 9, 13, 14, 20; Rachel’s typological weeping 31:15, quoted Matt 2:18). Broadly compatible with regional lament traditions — a useful bridge for teaching grief’s legitimacy as a faithful response to judgment.
Conspiracy Plot
Approved rendering: مؤامرة / تدبير الشر
Transliteration: mu’āmarah / tadbīr al-sharr
Doctrine: The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry
Rejected alternatives: الشهيد (for Uriah’s execution, 26:20-23 — rejected; imports Islamic martyrdom framework foreign to the plain narrative report)
Original: קֶשֶׁר
Category: Ministry
Plots against Jeremiah’s life (11:18-23, 18:18, 38:1-13) and Uriah’s execution (26:20-23). Must not be softened to suggest merely emotional opposition — a real, repeated threat to life from Jeremiah’s own community. Use plain narrative vocabulary for executions (قُتل / أُعدم), never شهيد.
Babylon
Approved rendering: بابل
Transliteration: Bābil
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Original: בָּבֶל
Category: Judgment
Historical empire God uses as his instrument of judgment against Judah, itself later judged (chs. 25, 27-29, 50-51). Note typological continuity with later ‘Babylon’ imagery relevant if this Language Package extends to Revelation.
Egypt
Approved rendering: مصر
Transliteration: Miṣr
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: מִצְרַיִם
Category: Judgment
Nation to which the remnant flees against Jeremiah’s explicit warning (chs. 42-44). Same name as the modern nation-state; keep the historical-narrative referent distinct from any contemporary political reference.
Referenced passages