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Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Mark (German)

Given Mark’s extensive overlap with Matthew (both share triple-tradition material), this glossary lists Mark’s genuinely distinctive new terms; parallel passages already established in the Matthew package (the ransom saying, the greatest commandment, the transfiguration, etc.) are reused verbatim and marked “TM (from Matthew)” rather than re-derived. See 07_semantic_analysis.md for the full discussion including reused parallels.

#English termGreekFirst occurrence(s)German renderingStatusNotes
1the beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of GodἈρχὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ [υἱοῦ θεοῦ]1:1Anfang des Evangeliums von Jesus Christus, dem Sohn GottesNEWMark’s own opening thesis; forms an inclusio with 15:39.
2immediatelyεὐθύς1:10 and 40+ occurrencessogleichNEWMark’s stylistic hallmark; keep a consistent rendering throughout.
3Son of Man… ransom for manyὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου… λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν10:45der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für vieleTM (from Matthew)Near-verbatim parallel to Matthew 20:28; reused exactly.
4the greatest commandmentἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου… τὸν πλησίον σου12:28-31Du sollst den Herrn, deinen Gott, lieben… deinen Nächsten wie dich selbstTM (from Matthew)Shared-citation verbatim-match rule.
5who is this, that even wind and sea obey him?τίς ἄρα οὗτός ἐστιν4:41Wer ist der, dass ihm Wind und Meer gehorsam sind?NEWEchoes OT divine authority over the sea; narrative rather than discursive Christology.
6LegionΛεγιών5:9LegionNEWConcrete Roman military-unit term conveying overwhelming affliction.
7nothing outside defiles / what comes out defilesοὐδὲν ἔξωθεν… τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενα7:15nichts von außen… was aus dem Menschen herauskommtNEWDoctrinal implication of dietary-law freedom, per Mark’s own parenthetical comment (7:19).
8I believe; help my unbeliefΠιστεύω· βοήθει μου τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ9:24Ich glaube, hilf meinem Unglauben!NEWWidely quoted; keep faith and doubt in tension.
9whoever would be first must be servant of allεἴ τις θέλει πρῶτος εἶναι, ἔσται πάντων ἔσχατος καὶ πάντων διάκονος9:35Wer da will der Erste sein, der soll der Letzte sein aller und aller DienerNEWEchoes the servant-Christology theme culminating in 10:45.
10the widow’s two small coinsΛεπτὰ δύο12:42zwei ScherfleinNEWSource of the still-current German idiom “sein Scherflein beitragen.”
11no one knows the day or hour, not even the Sonπερὶ δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης… οὐδὲ ὁ υἱός13:32Von dem Tage aber und der Stunde weiß niemand… auch der Sohn nichtNEWKenosis-adjacent Christological question; flag without adjudicating.
12Abba, Father… not what I willἈββᾶ ὁ πατήρ… ἀλλ᾽ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω14:36Abba, mein Vater… doch nicht was ich will, sondern was du willstTM-derivedReuses Abba from Romans 8:15; the only Gospel occurrence of Jesus’ own preserved Aramaic prayer-word.
13my God, my God, why have you forsaken me?Ελωι ελωι λεμα σαβαχθανι… ὁ θεός μου ὁ θεός μου, εἰς τί ἐγκατέλιπές με15:34Eloi, Eloi, lama asabtani? Mein Gott, mein Gott, warum hast du mich verlassen?NEWReceived substantial German theological engagement (Moltmann); flagged without adjudicating the theological resolution.
14truly this man was the Son of GodἈληθῶς οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος υἱὸς θεοῦ ἦν15:39Wahrlich, dieser Mensch ist Gottes Sohn gewesen!NEWThe centurion’s confession; forms an inclusio with 1:1.
15the longer ending (textual-critical note)(16:9-20)16:9-20(textual-status note, not a translation term)NEWWidely regarded as a later addition; must be flagged transparently in teaching material.

Coverage confirmation

15 entries span the full 16-chapter sweep: chapter 1 (rows 1-2), chapter 4 (row 5), chapter 5 (row 6), chapter 7 (row 7), chapter 9 (rows 8-9), chapter 10 (row 3), chapter 12 (rows 4, 10), chapter 13 (row 11), chapters 14-15 (rows 12-14), chapter 16 (row 15). Additional parallel passages reusing Matthew-package vocabulary are documented in 07_semantic_analysis.md.


Critical Risk Terms

Son Of Man Ransom

Approved rendering: der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für viele
Transliteration: der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für viele
Doctrine: Servanthood as Greatness

Inherited from Matthew package (20:28), unchanged. Mark 10:45’s near-verbatim parallel.


Abba Father

Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: The Gethsemane Prayer: Abba, Father

Inherited from Romans package (8:15), unchanged. Mark 14:36 is the only Gospel occurrence of Jesus’ own preserved Aramaic prayer-word.


Beginning Of The Gospel

Approved rendering: Anfang des Evangeliums von Jesus Christus, dem Sohn Gottes
Transliteration: Anfang des Evangeliums von Jesus Christus, dem Sohn Gottes
Doctrine: The Gospel’s Opening Declaration: Jesus as Son of God
Original: Ἀρχὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ [υἱοῦ θεοῦ]
Category: Christology

NEW. Forms an inclusio with 15:39. Mark 1:1.


Who Is This

Approved rendering: Wer ist der, dass ihm Wind und Meer gehorsam sind?
Transliteration: Wer ist der, dass ihm Wind und Meer gehorsam sind?
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority Over Nature and the Demonic
Original: τίς ἄρα οὗτός ἐστιν, ὅτι καὶ ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ὑπακούει αὐτῷ
Category: Christology

NEW. Echoes OT divine authority over the sea. Mark 4:41.


Nothing Outside Defiles

Approved rendering: Es ist nichts von außen in den Menschen hinein, was ihn gemein machen kann; sondern was aus dem Menschen herauskommt, das macht den Menschen gemein
Transliteration: Es ist nichts von außen in den Menschen hinein, was ihn gemein machen kann; sondern was aus dem Menschen herauskommt, das macht den Menschen gemein
Doctrine: Freedom from Dietary Law
Original: οὐδὲν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς αὐτὸν δύναται κοινῶσαι αὐτόν
Category: Law and Grace

NEW. Direct parallel to Galatians/Colossians law themes. Mark 7:15, 19.


Servant Of All

Approved rendering: Wer da will der Erste sein, der soll der Letzte sein aller und aller Diener
Transliteration: Wer da will der Erste sein, der soll der Letzte sein aller und aller Diener
Doctrine: Servanthood as Greatness
Original: εἴ τις θέλει πρῶτος εἶναι, ἔσται πάντων ἔσχατος καὶ πάντων διάκονος
Category: Discipleship

NEW. Mark 9:35.


No One Knows The Hour

Approved rendering: Von dem Tage aber und der Stunde weiß niemand… auch der Sohn nicht, sondern allein der Vater
Transliteration: Von dem Tage aber und der Stunde weiß niemand… auch der Sohn nicht, sondern allein der Vater
Doctrine: The Son’s Limited Knowledge
Original: περὶ δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ἢ τῆς ὥρας οὐδεὶς οἶδεν… οὐδὲ ὁ υἱός, εἰ μὴ ὁ πατήρ
Category: Christology

NEW. Kenosis-adjacent Christological question. Mark 13:32.


Gethsemane Abba Prayer

Approved rendering: Abba, mein Vater, alle Dinge sind dir möglich; nimm diesen Kelch von mir; doch nicht was ich will, sondern was du willst
Transliteration: Abba, mein Vater, alle Dinge sind dir möglich; nimm diesen Kelch von mir; doch nicht was ich will, sondern was du willst
Doctrine: The Gethsemane Prayer: Abba, Father
Original: Ἀββᾶ ὁ πατήρ, πάντα δυνατά σοι… ἀλλ᾽ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω ἀλλὰ τί σύ
Category: Christology

NEW. Full Gethsemane prayer text. Mark 14:36.


Cry Of Dereliction

Approved rendering: Eloi, Eloi, lama asabtani? Mein Gott, mein Gott, warum hast du mich verlassen?
Transliteration: Eloi, Eloi, lama asabtani? Mein Gott, mein Gott, warum hast du mich verlassen?
Doctrine: The Cry of Dereliction
Original: Ελωι ελωι λεμα σαβαχθανι… ὁ θεός μου ὁ θεός μου, εἰς τί ἐγκατέλιπές με
Category: Christology

NEW. Specifically engaged by German theology (Moltmann). Mark 15:34.


Centurions Confession

Approved rendering: Wahrlich, dieser Mensch ist Gottes Sohn gewesen!
Transliteration: Wahrlich, dieser Mensch ist Gottes Sohn gewesen!
Doctrine: The Centurion’s Confession
Original: Ἀληθῶς οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος υἱὸς θεοῦ ἦν
Category: Christology

NEW. Forms an inclusio with 1:1. Mark 15:39.


High Risk Terms

Legion

Approved rendering: Legion
Transliteration: Legion
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority Over Nature and the Demonic
Original: Λεγιών
Category: Exorcism

NEW. Concrete Roman military-unit term. Mark 5:9.


Help My Unbelief

Approved rendering: Ich glaube, hilf meinem Unglauben!
Transliteration: Ich glaube, hilf meinem Unglauben!
Doctrine: Faith Amid Doubt
Original: Πιστεύω· βοήθει μου τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ
Category: Faith

NEW. Keep faith and doubt in tension. Mark 9:24.


Medium Risk Terms

Immediately Style Marker

Approved rendering: sogleich
Transliteration: sogleich
Doctrine: N/A (stylistic, not doctrinal)
Rejected alternatives: alsbald (Luther’s traditional but now archaic rendering)

NEW. Mark’s stylistic hallmark (εὐθύς, 40+ occurrences); keep a consistent rendering throughout. Mark 1:10 and throughout.


Widows Mite

Approved rendering: zwei Scherflein
Transliteration: zwei Scherflein
Doctrine: N/A (cultural-linguistic footnote)

NEW. Source of the still-current German idiom ‘sein Scherflein beitragen.’ Mark 12:42.


Low Risk Terms

Prophet Without Honor

Approved rendering: Ein Prophet gilt nirgends weniger als in seinem Vaterland
Transliteration: Ein Prophet gilt nirgends weniger als in seinem Vaterland
Doctrine: N/A (proverbial saying)

NEW. Widely known proverbial phrasing. Mark 6:4.

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