Core Glossary
Core Glossary — English → Hungarian
1 Peter 1–5 | Consolidated Term Risk Table
Purpose: This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the entire book of 1 Peter, cites where it occurs, records the destination-language (Hungarian) rendering, assigns a risk tier per the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json framework, and flags whether the term reuses an existing baseline Romans translation_memory.json entry exactly (mandatory where applicable) or is a new term this curriculum introduces.
Risk tier definitions (identical to baseline): Critical = mistranslation destroys essential doctrine, mandatory theologian review every occurrence; High = significant confusion/syncretism risk, theologian review required; Medium = reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning, native speaker review; Low = minor imprecision risk, automated review sufficient.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → 1 Peter)
| Term | Hungarian Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Peter Occurrences | Notes for 1 Peter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Isten | Critical | 1:2, 1:3, 1:21, 3:18, 4:19, 5:10, etc. | No deviation. |
| Father | Atya | Critical | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 | No deviation. |
| Lord | Úr | Critical | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:6, 3:15 | Combines with sanctification at 3:15 — see Section B. |
| Jesus / Christ | Jézus / Krisztus | Critical | throughout | No deviation. |
| Holy Spirit | Szentlélek | Critical | 1:2, 1:12, 1:11 (“Krisztus Lelke”) | No deviation. |
| grace | kegyelem | Critical | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 2:19-20, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | Extremely high-frequency term in 1 Peter; every occurrence must reuse kegyelem exactly, including the non-soteriological “commendable thing” sense at 2:19-20 (flag contextual sense-shift in teaching notes). |
| faith | hit | High | 1:5, 1:7, 1:8-9, 1:21, 5:9 | No deviation. |
| salvation | üdvösség | Critical | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 4:18 | No deviation; 1:5’s “ready to be revealed” language ties to baseline assurance_of_salvation sensitivity. |
| holy | szent | Medium/High | 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 | Direct Leviticus quotation at 1:15-16; reuse exactly. |
| sanctification | megszentelődés | High | 1:2 | No deviation. |
| resurrection | feltámadás | Critical | 1:3, 1:21, 3:21 | No deviation; anchors the “Living Hope” doctrine. |
| called / calling | elhívott / elhívás | Critical | 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | Reuse baseline caution regarding Reformed-irresistible vs. Catholic-synergistic readings. |
| election (adj. form “elect/chosen”) | kiválasztott / kiválasztás | Critical | 1:1, 1:2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9, 5:13 | Highest-frequency Critical term in this book after grace; reuse baseline caution at every occurrence — this letter applies election corporately to its entire audience from its opening verse. |
| righteousness | igazság | Critical | 2:24, 3:12, 3:14, 3:18 | Note contextual distinction between forensic (Romans-style) and ethical/behavioral senses — see Section B “suffering for righteousness’ sake.” |
| sin | bűn | High/Medium | 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 | No deviation. |
| glory | dicsőség | Medium | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | Very high frequency; no deviation. |
| peace | béke | Medium | 1:2, 3:11, 5:14 | No deviation. |
| fellowship | közösség | Low | 4:13 (“κοινωνεῖτε”) | No deviation. |
| spiritual gifts | lelki ajándékok | Medium | 4:10 | No deviation. |
| law/prophet-related background | (n/a — not directly present) | — | — | 1 Peter uses OT quotation extensively (Isaiah 40, 53; Proverbs 3, 10, 11; Psalm 34, 118) but does not foreground νόμος as a distinct term; no new entry required. |
| gentiles | pogányok | Medium | 2:12 (implied “among the Gentiles”), 4:3 | No deviation. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter
| # | Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Occurrences | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | elpis zōsa | élő reménység | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15 | Risk of collapsing into generic psychological optimism if disconnected from its resurrection-grounding clause. |
| 2 | born again / regeneration | ἀναγεννάω | anagennaō | újjászületés / újjászült | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:23 | Catholic sacramental baptismal-regeneration reading vs. Hungarian Reformed monergistic-Spirit-work reading; direct collision on par with baseline justification. |
| 3 | mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | irgalom | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | Must be kept lexically distinct from baseline kegyelem (=χάρις/grace) to avoid blurring two related but distinct categories. |
| 4 | inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | örökség | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, 3:7, 3:9 | Natural extension of baseline adoption; teach alongside it. |
| 5 | trial / testing | πειρασμός | peirasmos | megpróbáltatás | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:6, 4:12 | Same Greek lexeme can mean “temptation to sin” elsewhere; must be disambiguated to the external-hardship sense throughout 1 Peter. |
| 6 | genuineness/testing of faith | δοκίμιον | dokimion | hitetek próbája/kipróbáltsága | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:7 | Risk of implying faith is earned/increased by merit through suffering (Tridentine-adjacent caution, parallel to baseline grace/merit note). |
| 7 | suffering (noun/verb) | πάθημα / πάσχω | pathēma / paschō | szenvedés / szenved | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:11, 2:19-21, 2:23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10 | The single most frequent and structurally central new term-family in the book; governs two of the eight named doctrines. |
| 8 | redeemed/ransomed | λυτρόω | lytroō | megváltattatok | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:18 | Foundational atonement term; must not be flattened into generic “freed.” |
| 9 | precious blood / lamb without blemish | τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | timion haima / amnos amōmos kai aspilos | drága vér / hibátlan és szeplőtelen Bárány | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:19 | Passover-lamb typology; requires OT background note; must retain “without blemish/spot.” |
| 10 | foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις | prognōsis | eleve-tudás / előretudás | Critical | (cross-cutting; election) | 1:2, 1:20 | Direct extension of baseline election fault line; must not be rendered with the more loaded Reformed technical term “eleve elrendelés” (predestination). |
| 11 | sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | rhantismos haimatos | vér meghintése | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:2 | Rare covenant-ratification image (Exodus 24); requires OT background note. |
| 12 | conduct / way of life | ἀναστροφή | anastrophē | életmód / magaviselet | High | Holiness in Conduct | 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16 | Structural term for the whole “Holiness in Conduct” doctrine; must be rendered consistently across all occurrences. |
| 13 | living stone | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | élő kő | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:4 | Central Christological/ecclesiological image; part of a deliberate “living ___” pattern (hope, word, stone) across the letter. |
| 14 | royal priesthood / holy priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα / ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον | basileion hierateuma / hierateuma hagion | királyi papság / szent papság | CRITICAL (new to curriculum) | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5, 2:9 | Direct collision between Hungarian Reformed “universal priesthood of believers” doctrine and Catholic ordained ministerial priesthood; requires the same handling rigor as baseline election/imputed_righteousness. |
| 15 | spiritual house / spiritual sacrifices | οἶκος πνευματικός / πνευματικαὶ θυσίαι | oikos pneumatikos / pneumatikai thysiai | lelki ház / lelki áldozatok | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | Tied directly to term #14; risk of implying Catholic Eucharistic sacrifice theology if mishandled. |
| 16 | chosen race / holy nation / God’s own possession | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | genos eklekton / ethnos hagion / laos eis peripoiēsin | választott nemzetség / szent nemzet / [Isten] tulajdon népe | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:9 | Transfers OT Israel’s covenant titles to the church; must not be read as erasing Israel’s own place in salvation history. |
| 17 | sojourner / exile / resident alien | παρεπίδημος / πάροικος | parepidēmos / paroikos | jövevény / idegen | Medium-High | (cross-cutting identity term) | 1:1, 1:17, 2:11 | Establishes the letter’s pervasive “resident alien” social identity; fix consistent pairing. |
| 18 | submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | alávetni magát / vessétek alá magatokat | CRITICAL | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5 | Governs the entire household/civic code; culturally sensitive given 20th-century Hungarian history of resistance to unjust state demands for submission; requires explicit teaching notes on Peter’s own qualifications. |
| 19 | endurance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω | hypomonē / hypomenō | állhatatosság / eltűrés | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:20 | Fixed recurring rendering through the suffering-and-submission material. |
| 20 | Christ’s example / pattern | ὑπογραμμός | hypogrammos | minta / előírás | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:21 | Must be held together with, not confused with, Christ’s unique atoning (substitutionary) work in the same verse. |
| 21 | he bore our sins in his body on the tree | ἀναφέρω…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | anapherō…epi to xylon | ő maga viselte bűneinket testében a fán | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Central atonement statement; cross-reference Isaiah 53. |
| 22 | by his wounds you were healed | μώλωψ…ἰάομαι | mōlōps…iaomai | sebei által meggyógyultatok | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Risk of misapplication toward guaranteed physical healing teaching if detached from its Isaiah 53 sin/restoration context. |
| 23 | Shepherd and Overseer of souls | ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος | poimēn kai episkopos | Pásztor és Felügyelő/Gondviselő | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Elders and Humility | 2:25 | ἐπίσκοπος here must NOT be rendered “püspök” (bishop) — functional, not institutional, sense. |
| 24 | gentle and quiet spirit | πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα | praü kai hēsychion pneuma | csendes és szelíd lélek | High | Holiness in Conduct | 3:4 | Must be taught as an inner character quality in this specific household-witness context, not a general silencing mandate. |
| 25 | fellow heirs of the grace of life | συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς | synklēronomoi charitos zōēs | az élet kegyelmének örököstársai | High | Holiness in Conduct | 3:7 | Combines terms #4 and baseline grace; balances “weaker vessel” language with equal standing. |
| 26 | suffering for righteousness’ sake | πάσχοντες διὰ δικαιοσύνην | paschontes dia dikaiosynēn | igazságért szenvedve | CRITICAL | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:14 | Doctrinal anchor phrase; combines term #7 with baseline igazság, requiring explicit distinction between ethical and forensic senses of “igazság.” |
| 27 | sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts | Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις | Kyrion ton Christon hagiasate en tais kardiais | szenteljétek meg Krisztust mint Urat szívetekben | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:15 | Combines two already-Critical baseline terms (Úr, szent-family); no qualification of Christ’s exclusive Lordship permitted. |
| 28 | good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή | syneidēsis agathē | jó lelkiismeret | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:16, 3:21 | Fixed recurring term connecting the two passages. |
| 29 | Christ suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous | Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | Christos hapax peri hamartiōn epathen, dikaios hyper adikōn | Krisztus egyszer szenvedett a bűnökért, mint igaz az igazságtalanokért | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | ”ἅπαξ” (once for all) must be preserved to guard the non-repeatable nature of the atonement. |
| 30 | put to death in the flesh, made alive in the spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati | halálra adatott test szerint, megelevenítve lélek szerint | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:18 | Render literally; do not resolve the σάρξ/πνεῦμα exegetical debate within the translation. |
| 31 | proclamation to the spirits in prison | τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν…ἐκήρυξεν | tois en phylakē pneumasin…ekēryxen | börtönben lévő lelkeknek…hirdette | CRITICAL (highest-sensitivity new term) | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19 | Direct collision with Catholic limbus patrum tradition and Reformed metaphorical/Noah-preaching readings of the Apostles’ Creed’s “descended into hell” clause; must never suggest a post-mortem “second chance” gospel. |
| 32 | baptism now saves you (as antitype) | ἀντίτυπον…σῴζει βάπτισμα | antitypon…sōzei baptisma | amelynek megfelelője, a keresztség, most üdvözít titeket | CRITICAL (highest-sensitivity new term) | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Direct Catholic baptismal-regeneration vs. Reformed sign-and-seal/faith-alone collision; must be translated together with Peter’s own qualifying clause (term #28) and never in isolation. |
| 33 | angels, authorities, and powers subjected to him | ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων | angelōn kai exousiōn kai dynameōn hypotagentōn | angyalok, hatalmasságok és erők, akik alávettettek neki | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:22 | Cosmic-victory framing for the proclamation passage; reuse baseline resurrection and term #18. |
| 34 | love covers a multitude of sins | ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | agapē kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn | a szeretet sok bűnt elfedez | High | Holiness in Conduct | 4:8 | Must be distinguished from Christ’s unique atoning work (terms #21, #29) to avoid conflating mutual love with salvific atonement. |
| 35 | gift, steward of God’s varied grace | χάρισμα…οἰκονόμος…ποικίλης χάριτος | charisma…oikonomos…poikilēs charitos | ajándék…Isten sokféle kegyelmének sáfárai | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 4:10 | Connects to term #14; every believer, not only office-holders, stewards grace. |
| 36 | fiery trial/ordeal | πύρωσις | pyrōsis | tűzpróba | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:12 | Direct callback to term #6 (1:7’s refining-fire image). |
| 37 | sharing/participation in Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν | koinōneite tois tou Christou pathēmasin | részesei vagytok Krisztus szenvedéseinek | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:13 | Combines baseline fellowship with term #7; must not imply believers’ suffering is itself atoning. |
| 38 | Christian (name) | Χριστιανός | Christianos | keresztény | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:16 | Low internal risk; standard shared term across traditions. |
| 39 | judgment begins at the house of God | κρίμα…ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ | krima…apo tou oikou tou Theou | ítélet…Isten házán | High | (cross-cutting) | 4:17 | Connects to term #15 (“spiritual house”). |
| 40 | the righteous is scarcely saved | μόλις δίκαιος σῴζεται | molis dikaios sōzetai | az igaz is nehezen menekül meg | High | (cross-cutting; assurance) | 4:18 | Rhetorical a fortiori argument; must not be read as contradicting baseline assurance_of_salvation framing. |
| 41 | faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης | pistos ktistēs | hűséges Teremtő | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:19 | Unique NT divine title; low internal collision risk. |
| 42 | elders / fellow elder | πρεσβύτεροι / συμπρεσβύτερος | presbyteroi / sympresbyteros | vének / presbiterek | CRITICAL (new to curriculum) | Elders and Humility | 5:1 | Direct collision between Reformed presbyterian church-office vocabulary and Catholic priest/bishop hierarchy sharing the same Greek root; render primarily as vén(ek), gloss presbiter for Reformed-tradition contexts. |
| 43 | shepherd the flock, exercising oversight | ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον…ἐπισκοποῦντες | poimanate to poimnion…episkopountes | legeltessétek Isten nyáját…felügyelve | High | Elders and Humility | 5:2 | ἐπισκοποῦντες must not be rendered with the noun “püspöki” (episcopal) to avoid implying the later diocesan-bishop office. |
| 44 | not domineering but examples to the flock | μὴ κατακυριεύοντες…τύποι γινόμενοι | mē katakyrieuontes…typoi ginomenoi | nem uralkodva…mintaként/példaként | High | Elders and Humility | 5:3 | Servant-leadership standard relevant across all Hungarian clerical-authority cultures. |
| 45 | Chief Shepherd / unfading crown of glory | ἀρχιποίμην / ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος | archipoimēn / amarantinos tēs doxēs stephanos | Főpásztor / a dicsőség hervadhatatlan koronája | High | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | ”Főpásztor” occasionally used as a clergy honorific in contemporary Hungarian usage; must clarify Peter reserves this title for Christ alone. |
| 46 | clothe yourselves with humility | τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε | tēn tapeinophrosynēn egkombōsasthe | öltsétek fel az alázatosságot | High | Elders and Humility | 5:5 | Counter-cultural (vs. Greco-Roman shame-based view of lowliness) positive virtue; preserve the vivid “put on a garment” image. |
| 47 | God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble | ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν | ho Theos hyperēphanois antitassetai, tapeinois de didōsin charin | Isten a kevélyeknek ellenáll, az alázatosaknak kegyelmet ad | Critical | Elders and Humility | 5:5 | Direct Proverbs 3:34 quotation; reuse baseline grace exactly. |
| 48 | adversary the devil, roaring lion | ὁ ἀντίδικος…διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος | ho antidikos…diabolos hōs leōn ōryomenos | ellenségetek, az ördög, ordító oroszlánként | High | (cross-cutting) | 5:8 | Standard low-collision term (ördög); pastoral risk of over- or under-attributing suffering to demonic causation. |
| 49 | God of all grace, who called you to his eternal glory | ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος, ὁ καλέσας…εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον δόξαν | ho Theos pasēs charitos, ho kalesas…eis tēn aiōnion doxan | minden kegyelem Istene, aki elhívott az örök dicsőségre | Critical | (cross-cutting; closing benediction) | 5:10 | Combines three already-Critical/High baseline terms (grace, calling, glory) in the letter’s closing doxology. |
| 50 | Babylon (coded for Rome) | Βαβυλῶνι | Babylōni | Babilon | Medium | (epistolary closing) | 5:13 | Requires explanatory note distinguishing the coded reference from the literal ancient city. |
Section C — Chapters Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Terms
No chapter of 1 Peter is without load-bearing theological vocabulary; all five chapters are represented in Sections A and B above. This section is retained per the full-book-coverage mandate to confirm explicitly that every chapter (1–5) has been reviewed and none was silently skipped.
Section D — Cross-Cutting Risk Notes for Phase 2
- Highest-priority Critical terms requiring mandatory theologian review on every occurrence: born again/regeneration (#2), royal/holy priesthood (#14), submission (#18), suffering for righteousness’ sake (#26), sanctify Christ as Lord (#27), Christ suffered once for sins (#29), put to death in flesh/made alive in spirit (#30), proclamation to spirits in prison (#31), baptism now saves you (#32), elders (#42), foreknowledge (#10), and every occurrence of grace/election/calling reused from the baseline.
- The single most sensitive passage in the whole book is 1 Peter 3:18–22 (terms #29–33), which combines three separate Critical-tier collision points (once-for-all atonement vs. sacrificial-repetition sensitivities; the descensus/spirits-in-prison controversy; and the baptismal-regeneration controversy) in five verses. This passage must receive dedicated, extended theologian review beyond standard per-segment flagging.
- New doctrinal collision on par with baseline
election/imputed_righteousness: the royal/holy priesthood terminology (#14) and the elders terminology (#42) both revive, through 1 Peter’s own vocabulary, the Reformation-era Catholic/Reformed institutional dispute over church office and the priesthood of all believers — a dispute of ongoing, live significance in the contemporary Hungarian church landscape. - Terminology to never render with “püspök” (bishop): ἐπίσκοπος/ἐπισκοπέω in both its Christological (2:25) and eldership (5:2) occurrences, to avoid retrojecting the later, developed diocesan office onto either Christ’s own title or first-century elder function.
- Terminology requiring explicit Isaiah 53 cross-referencing: lamb without blemish (#9), he bore our sins in his body on the tree (#21), by his wounds you were healed (#22), Christ suffered once for sins (#29).
- Fixed term-families to apply consistently across all five chapters: szenvedés/szenved (suffering, #7), életmód/magaviselet (conduct, #12), alávetni magát (submit, #18), reménység (hope, term #1’s root), ταπεινο- root (humility, #46-47).
This glossary extends, and must be loaded alongside, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section A terms are enforced exactly per baseline convention; all Section B terms are new entries proposed for addition to translation memory at the recorded risk tier, pending Phase 1 Step 2 confirmation.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no deviation permitted. Frequent throughout 1 Peter (1:2, 1:3, 1:21, 3:18, 4:19, 5:10, etc.).
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 (God as the impartial Father-Judge who is invoked in fear/reverence during earthly sojourning).
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. 1 Peter 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:6, 3:15 (fused with ‘szent’ at 3:15’s ‘sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts’ — no qualification of exclusive lordship permitted in the combined phrase; see sanctify_christ_as_lord entry below).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs throughout 1 Peter, frequently as the full phrase ‘Jézus Krisztus’ (established Hungarian Bible form); no variant-form risk.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 1:12; the 1:11 phrase ‘Krisztus Lelke’ (‘the Spirit of Christ’) is a high Christological claim identifying the prophetic Spirit as Christ’s own Spirit and must not be rendered so as to suggest a lesser or different spirit than the Szentlélek confessed elsewhere.
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Highest-frequency Critical term in 1 Peter (1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 2:19-20, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12). At 2:19-20 the sense shifts to ‘this finds favor with God’ (a commendable/gracious thing), not the soteriological sense of Romans 3-5; flag this contextual sense-shift in translator notes so it is never read as reopening the Reformed/Catholic grace debate in an unrelated context. Must NEVER be substituted for ‘irgalom’ (mercy, χάρις vs. ἔλεος distinction) — see mercy entry below.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 4:18. 1:5’s ‘ready to be revealed’ language directly extends the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation fault line (Reformed settled-assurance vs. Catholic hope-pending-perseverance) into this letter’s opening doxology.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Anchors the ‘Living Hope of the Resurrection’ doctrine at 1 Peter 1:3; recurs at 1:21 and 3:21 (there linked to baptism). Must never be rendered with a term suggesting non-bodily/spirit-only resurrection or reincarnation — a live, named risk given circulating Jehovah’s Witness materials teaching a non-bodily resurrection of Christ.
Calling
Approved rendering: elhívás
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ellenállhatatlan elhívás mint kizárólagos érvényes olvasat, katolikus szinergizmus kizárásával
Original: καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs (via καλέω) at 1 Peter 2:21, 3:9, 5:10, ranging from a call to endure suffering, to a call to bless rather than revile, to the final call to eternal glory. Must not be presented as the technical Reformed ‘irresistible calling’ category to the exclusion of the Catholic synergistic reading.
Election
Approved rendering: kiválasztott / kiválasztás
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: kiválasztás, mely emberi együttműködés nélkül értelmezhetetlen (szinergista olvasat kényszerítése), kiválasztás mint szabad akarat nélküli, vak végzet (fatalista félreolvasás)
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:1, 1:2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9, 5:13 — the highest-frequency occurrence of this fault line in either curriculum to date, applied corporately to the letter’s entire audience from its opening verse. Must be translated to Peter’s own argument and corporate address, not forced into either community’s developed system. See also the new foreknowledge entry below, which must not be conflated with this term.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 2:24, 3:12, 3:14, 3:18. CRITICAL DISAMBIGUATION: 1 Peter uses this word in both the Romans-familiar forensic/justification sense (proximate to Christ’s atoning work, 2:24, 3:18) AND a distinct ethical/behavioral sense (‘suffering for righteousness’ sake’ = for right conduct, 3:14). Every occurrence of the ethical sense must carry a note distinguishing it from the forensic sense to prevent conflation for readers moving between the Romans and 1 Peter curricula.
New Birth
Approved rendering: újjászületés / újjászült
Transliteration: anagennaō
Doctrine: New Birth and Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: újjászületés kizárólag mint keresztségi szentségi hatás, monergisztikus lelki munka nélkül (tridenti értelmezés), újjászületés mint önerőből elért személyes átalakulás vagy önsegítő ‘új kezdet’ (szekuláris/pop-pszichológiai olvasat)
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:3, 1:23. The sharpest new doctrinal fault line this book introduces, on par with the baseline’s ‘megigazulás’: Hungarian Catholic sacramental theology closely identifies this regeneration with baptismal grace (‘a keresztségi újjászületés’); Hungarian Reformed theology holds new birth as the Spirit’s sovereign, monergistic work that baptism signifies and seals but does not itself effect. Translate Peter’s own claim (mercy-caused, resurrection-grounded, at 1:23 word-mediated) without silently resolving toward either system. Existing Hungarian Bible translations (Károli, RÚF, SZIT) are lexically stable and low-risk at this specific verse; the fault line lives in surrounding catechesis, so curriculum teaching notes (not the verse rendering) must carry the clarification.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: eleve-tudás / előretudás
Transliteration: prognōsis
Doctrine: Election and Divine Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: előretudás azonosítása az ‘eleve elrendelés’ (predestináció) technikai református dogmatikai fogalmával
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2 (of believers) and 1:20 (of Christ himself). Directly extends the baseline’s election fault line into new lexical territory: must NOT be rendered with the more theologically loaded Reformed technical term ‘eleve elrendelés’ (predestination), which would import a settled systematic conclusion the Greek word itself does not lexically require. Render literally and flag every occurrence for theologian review, exactly as the baseline treats ‘election.‘
Suffering
Approved rendering: szenvedés / szenved
Transliteration: pathēma / paschō
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
New term, but the single most frequent and structurally central term-family in the entire book, governing two named curriculum doctrines (Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering). Occurs at 1:11, 2:19-21, 2:23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10. Fix ‘szenvedés/szenved’ as the consistent rendering across every occurrence. Every occurrence touching Christ’s OWN suffering (as opposed to the believer’s derivative suffering) must be flagged for theologian review to keep the atoning/non-atoning distinction clear — see bore_our_sins, once_for_all_suffering, and participation_in_christs_sufferings entries below.
Redemption
Approved rendering: megváltattatok
Transliteration: lytroō (elytrōthēte)
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: megváltás lefordítása puszta ‘megszabadultatok’-ként, a vásárlás/váltságdíj-jelentés elhagyásával
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:18. Commercial/manumission ransom imagery: payment securing release from bondage to a futile inherited way of life. Foundational atonement term; must not be flattened into a vague ‘were freed’ that loses the payment/ransom sense central to both Catholic and Reformed atonement theology. Connects to the baseline’s grace/imputed_righteousness cluster.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: drága vér / hibátlan és szeplőtelen Bárány
Transliteration: timion haima / amnos amōmos kai aspilos
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: áldozat leírása a ‘hibátlan és szeplőtelen’ minősítők elhagyásával, generikus ‘áldozat’ szóra egyszerűsítve
Original: τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:19. Passover-lamb typology (Exodus 12) fulfilled in Christ’s sinless, sacrificial death. Requires an explanatory note on Passover-lamb typology for readers without strong OT background; must not be flattened to generic ‘sacrifice’ language that loses the ‘without blemish/without spot’ qualifier essential to the typology.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: királyi papság / szent papság
Transliteration: basileion hierateuma / hierateuma hagion
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: királyi papság kizárólag a hívők egyetemes papsága tantételének bizonyítékaként, minden egyházi tisztség kizárásával (református polemikus túlolvasás), királyi papság kizárólag a felszentelt papságra korlátozva, a hívők egészére nem alkalmazva (katolikus szűkítő olvasat)
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα / ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term, CRITICAL and new to this curriculum on par with the baseline’s election/imputed_righteousness fault lines. Occurs 1 Peter 2:5, 2:9. Hungarian Reformed tradition holds ‘a hívők egyetemes papsága’ (universal priesthood of believers) as a central Reformation polemical marker against Rome; Hungarian Catholic tradition maintains a distinct ordained ministerial priesthood (‘pap’) not shared by the laity. LANDSCAPE NOTE: all major published Hungarian translations (Károli, RÚF, SZIT) converge lexically on ‘királyi papság’ — the fault line lives entirely in surrounding doctrinal application, not translation variance. Render exactly as fixed here, with a mandatory teaching note on every occurrence clarifying that this corporate, all-believers statement does not itself settle the separate historical question of ordained church office (see elders entry below).
Submission
Approved rendering: alávetni magát / vessétek alá magatokat
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: alávetés mint feltétlen, korlátlan engedelmesség bármely emberi hatalomnak, Péter saját minősítéseinek (az Úrért, nem a bűn jóváhagyásaként, jogtalan szenvedéssel összeférő) elhagyásával
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
New term. Governs 1 Peter 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5. CRITICAL: 20th-century Hungarian history (1956, decades of communist-era demands for submission to an atheist, often persecuting state) creates a live tension with any reading heard as unconditional submission to unjust civil power. Existing Hungarian translations are lexically stable here (‘vessétek/rendeljétek alá magatokat’); the risk is entirely contextual/historical, not lexical. Teaching notes must clarify Peter’s own qualifications (submission ‘for the Lord’s sake,’ never approval of injustice, explicitly compatible with suffering unjustly rather than complying with sin — 2:19-20, 3:14, 4:15-16) rather than either softening the command or absolutizing it beyond the text.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: ő maga viselte bűneinket testében a fán
Transliteration: anapherō…epi to xylon
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: az emfatikus ‘ő maga’ (αὐτός) elhagyása, az áldozati ‘viselte’ (ἀναφέρω) elvont, nem sacrificalis igére cserélése
Original: ἀναφέρω…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:24. THE key substitutionary-atonement verse of the letter, directly parallel to the baseline’s Romans atonement material; deliberate periphrasis (‘the tree’) echoing Deuteronomy 21:23. Must retain the emphatic ‘he himself’ and the sacrificial ‘bore’; cross-reference Isaiah 53:4-12, of which this verse is a direct application.
Suffering For Righteousness Sake
Approved rendering: igazságért szenvedve
Transliteration: paschontes dia dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: igazságért szenvedve mint a Rómaiakhoz írt levél forenzikus megigazulás-értelmű ‘igazság’ fogalmának szinonimája
Original: πάσχοντες διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:14, echoing Matthew 5:10. This is the doctrinal anchor phrase of the letter’s suffering theology; combines the fixed ‘szenvedés’ rendering with baseline ‘igazság’ exactly. Because ‘igazság’ already carries Critical-risk doctrinal weight from Romans (forensic righteousness by faith), the ethical/behavioral sense active here must be explicitly taught as distinct from the forensic justification sense, especially for users progressing sequentially through both curricula.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: szenteljétek meg Krisztust mint Urat szívetekben
Transliteration: Kyrion ton Christon hagiasate en tais kardiais hymōn
Doctrine: Sanctifying Christ’s Lordship in the Heart
Rejected alternatives: Krisztus Úrságának bármiféle korlátozása, relativizálása vagy feltételes megfogalmazása
Original: Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:15. Combines two already-Critical baseline terms (Úr, szent-family) in a single command; render both elements exactly per baseline convention with no qualification of Christ’s supreme, exclusive Lordship permitted. Grounds believers’ readiness to give a reasoned defense of their hope even under hostile questioning.
Once For All Suffering
Approved rendering: Krisztus egyszer szenvedett a bűnökért, mint igaz az igazságtalanokért
Transliteration: Christos hapax peri hamartiōn epathen, dikaios hyper adikōn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: az ‘egyszer’ (ἅπαξ) kifejezés elhagyása vagy meggyengítése, mely megismételhető vagy folytatódó áldozatra utalna
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:18. ἅπαξ (‘once for all’) must be preserved explicitly to guard against any reading implying repeatable or ongoing sacrificial suffering — a live sensitivity given Catholic Eucharistic sacrifice theology’s careful qualification that the Mass ‘re-presents’ rather than repeats Calvary. Translate on Peter’s own terms without either affirming or polemicizing against that later doctrine within the translated text itself.
Flesh Spirit Contrast
Approved rendering: halálra adatott test szerint, megelevenítve lélek szerint
Transliteration: thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: a test szerint/lélek szerint ellentét feloldása egyértelműen a Szentlélek általi cselekvés vagy Krisztus feltámadott lelki létmódjának javára a fordítás szintjén
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:18. This is the hinge phrase of the whole 3:18-22 disputed unit; render literally (‘test szerint’/‘lélek szerint’) rather than resolving the underlying exegetical debate (whether πνεύματι means the Holy Spirit as agent, or the sphere of Christ’s risen spiritual existence) within the translation itself. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Proclamation To Spirits
Approved rendering: börtönben lévő lelkeknek…hirdette
Transliteration: tois en phylakē pneumasin…ekēryxen
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: post mortem ‘második esély’ az evangéliumra a holtaknak, amit sem a katolikus, sem a református hagyomány nem tanít, a szakasz fordítás szintjén történő egyértelmű beillesztése a limbus patrum tanításba vagy a kálvini Noé-prédikáció olvasatba, a Hitvallás ‘leszállt a poklokra’ kifejezésének beemelése a fordított szövegbe
Original: τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν…ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:19. The single highest-sensitivity term this curriculum introduces. Underlies the Apostles’ Creed’s ‘descended into hell’ clause (‘leszállt a poklokra’ / ‘alászállt a holtak országába’), confessed by both major Hungarian traditions but interpreted very differently (Catholic limbus patrum vs. Reformed Noah-preaching/triumphant-declaration readings). Must never appear alongside the creedal phrase itself in the operative translation (reserve any comparison for teaching notes only); must preserve the plain sense of the Greek without importing either tradition’s full systematic resolution; must never suggest a post-mortem ‘second chance’ gospel offer, which no major Hungarian tradition teaches. Also flagged against the Latter-day Saints reading (proxy baptism for the dead) as a named external risk to be actively guarded against.
Baptism Saves
Approved rendering: amelynek megfelelője, a keresztség, most üdvözít titeket
Transliteration: antitypon…sōzei baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation
Rejected alternatives: a keresztség üdvözítő erejének kizárólagos szentségi (ex opere operato) értelmezése Péter saját minősítő tagmondatának elhagyásával, az ‘üdvözít’ kifejezés puszta szimbolikus, az üdvösséghez semmilyen módon nem kapcsolódó jelentésre gyengítése
Original: ἀντίτυπον…σῴζει βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:21. The second-highest-sensitivity term this curriculum introduces. Hungarian Catholic sacramental theology reads this verse as directly supporting baptismal regeneration/efficacious sacramental grace; Hungarian Reformed theology reads βάπτισμα strictly through Peter’s own immediately following qualifying clause (see good_conscience entry) — baptism saves not as a physical washing but as the outward sign of an inward, good-conscience appeal to God, consistent with faith alone. LANDSCAPE NOTE: existing Hungarian translations (Károli’s ‘ábrázolása,’ RÚF’s ‘előképe’) already lexically preserve the ἀντίτυπον/antitype qualifier reasonably well; this curriculum’s rendering must do the same and must always be translated and taught together with the good_conscience qualifying clause, never in isolation.
Participation In Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: részesei vagytok Krisztus szenvedéseinek
Transliteration: koinōneite tois tou Christou pathēmasin
Doctrine: Perseverance and Participation in Christ’s Sufferings
Rejected alternatives: a hívők szenvedésben való részesedésének olvasása úgy, mintha az maga is engesztelő/üdvösségszerző hatású lenne
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:13. Combines baseline ‘közösség’ (fellowship) with the fixed ‘szenvedés’ term-family. Believers’ suffering is a real, Spirit-worked participation in Christ’s own suffering, not merely an analogy; teaching note must clarify this participation is never itself atoning, preserving the distinction already established at 2:24 and 3:18 (bore_our_sins, once_for_all_suffering).
Elders
Approved rendering: vének / presbiterek
Transliteration: presbyteroi / sympresbyteros
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: presbiterek mint kizárólagosan a református presbiteriánus egyházkormányzat technikai, denominációs tisztsége, vének mint a katolikus szentségi papi/püspöki hierarchia szinonimája vagy annak első századi előzménye
Original: πρεσβύτεροι / συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New term, CRITICAL and new to this curriculum, the second major institutional fault line alongside royal_priesthood. Occurs 1 Peter 5:1. Render primarily as ‘vén(ek)’ (the more generic, non-denominationally-loaded term) with ‘presbiter’ offered only as an alternative gloss for Reformed-tradition-facing contexts. LANDSCAPE NOTE: Károli’s historic rendering uses the Greek loanword ‘presbiter’ as the primary text, importing two incompatible institutional resonances (Reformed lay-elder office; Catholic ordination-grade term) into the same verse — this curriculum deliberately departs from that precedent by using ‘vének’ as the primary rendering. Teaching note must state Peter’s term describes a functional pastoral-oversight role validated by both traditions in different institutional forms, not a technical Reformed office read back into the first century nor the distinct Catholic sacramental priesthood.
God Opposes Proud
Approved rendering: Isten a kevélyeknek ellenáll, az alázatosaknak kegyelmet ad
Transliteration: ho Theos hyperēphanois antitassetai, tapeinois de didōsin charin
Doctrine: Humility Before God and One Another
Original: ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν
Category: God
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:5, a direct quotation of Proverbs 3:34. Reuses baseline ‘kegyelem’ exactly; ties humility directly to grace-reception. Affirmed identically by both major Hungarian traditions — the primary risk here is loss of the vivid grounding force of the quotation, not cross-tradition division.
God Of All Grace Calling
Approved rendering: minden kegyelem Istene, aki elhívott titeket az ő örök dicsőségére Krisztusban
Transliteration: ho Theos pasēs charitos, ho kalesas hymas eis tēn aiōnion autou doxan en Christō
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος, ὁ καλέσας ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:10, the letter’s closing doxological benediction. Combines three already-Critical/High baseline terms (kegyelem, elhívott/elhívás, dicsőség) in a single sentence; reuse each exactly, with the same caution as the baseline’s divine_calling/effectual_calling entries regarding Reformed-irresistible vs. Catholic-synergistic readings of ‘called.’ Must receive identical Hungarian rendering wherever this Language Package is used, per the same cross-document consistency principle applied to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:5, 1:7, 1:8-9, 1:21, 5:9. 1:7-8 ties faith to trial-proven genuineness and to trust exercised without sight.
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. 1 Peter 1:15-16 directly quotes Leviticus 11:44/19:2 (‘legyetek szentek’); also 2:5, 2:9, 3:5. Render the OT quotation identically to the command form to preserve the direct scriptural citation, and always accompany with the note that this applies to every believer, not an ascetic or canonized elite (cf. baseline ‘saints’ caution).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: megszentelődés
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Positioned at 1 Peter 1:2 between foreknowledge and obedience in Peter’s compressed ordo salutis statement.
Sin
Approved rendering: bűn
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8. Risk tier raised to High for this book relative to the Romans baseline’s Medium, given the term’s direct proximity here to substitutionary-atonement statements (2:24, 3:18) and to the ‘love covers sins’ proverb (4:8), which must not be conflated with Christ’s unique atoning removal of sin.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: élő reménység
Transliteration: elpis zōsa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: reménység mint általános, evilági optimizmus, a feltámadáshoz való nyelvtani kötés nélkül
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15. Hungarian ‘reménység’ registers constantly in everyday secular usage as ordinary optimism; ‘élő’ must remain grammatically bound to the resurrection-grounding clause in every occurrence so the hope reads as objectively grounded in a past historical event, not subjectively generated. Part of a deliberate ‘living ___’ verbal pattern across the letter (élő reménység 1:3, élő ige 1:23, élő kő 2:4) that should be preserved for Hungarian readers to recognize.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: vér meghintése
Transliteration: rhantismos haimatos
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2. Covenant-ratifying sprinkling imagery (Exodus 24) applied to the blood of Jesus Christ; unique to this letter among NT epistolary openings. Requires an explanatory note connecting it to Exodus 24’s blood-ratification ceremony and to the baseline’s ‘szövetség’ (covenant) entry, since Hungarian readers without strong OT literacy may otherwise miss the covenantal background entirely.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: megpróbáltatás
Transliteration: peirasmos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: megpróbáltatás mint kísértés (bűnre való csábítás) elsődleges jelentéssel
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:6, 4:12. The same Greek lexeme elsewhere in the NT can mean ‘temptation to sin’; in 1 Peter it must never be rendered with a term whose primary sense is ‘kísértés’ (temptation to sin). ‘Megpróbáltatás’ correctly isolates the external-hardship sense (social ostracism, legal jeopardy, slander) that dominates this letter, but is also a common, largely secularized Hungarian word for any hardship; supply co-text so persecution-for-faith is not lost to the word’s broader secular usage.
Testing Of Faith
Approved rendering: hitetek próbája / kipróbáltsága
Transliteration: dokimion
Doctrine: Testing and Refinement of Faith
Rejected alternatives: hit próbája mint hit érdemszerző növelése a szenvedés által (tridenti-jellegű túlolvasás)
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:7. Metallurgical refining-test image applied to faith’s proven genuineness under trial. Must not be rendered so as to suggest faith is earned or increased by merit through suffering, a Tridentine-adjacent risk parallel to the baseline’s grace/merit caution documented for Romans 4 and 11:5-6; the image proves existing faith’s authenticity, it does not manufacture righteousness.
Conduct
Approved rendering: életmód / magaviselet
Transliteration: anastrophē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Ethics
New term. The structural term for the whole ‘Holiness in Conduct’ doctrine, recurring at 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16. Alternate or combine ‘életmód’ and ‘magaviselet’ by context, but keep the pairing consistent so readers recognize the recurring structural term rather than scattered, unrelated vocabulary. Avoid letting ‘életmód’ drift toward its contemporary consumerist sense (‘egészséges életmód,’ healthy lifestyle) or ‘magaviselet’ toward a school-disciplinary register.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: élő kő
Transliteration: lithos zōn
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:4. Christ as a paradoxically ‘living’ stone, foundation of the church-as-priesthood/temple metaphor. Part of the deliberate ‘living ___’ verbal pattern binding the letter together (élő reménység 1:3, élő ige 1:23, élő kő 2:4); keep ‘élő’ consistent with its other occurrences.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: lelki ház / lelki áldozatok
Transliteration: oikos pneumatikos / pneumatikai thysiai
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: lelki áldozatok azonosítása a katolikus szentmise áldozati teológiájával
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός / πνευματικαὶ θυσίαι
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:5. Directly tied to the royal-priesthood collision; requires a teaching note distinguishing this metaphorical ‘house’ from any physical church building and clarifying that ‘lelki áldozatok’ does not imply the Catholic Mass’s Eucharistic sacrifice theology, nor deny any place for corporate worship structure.
Chosen Race Holy Nation
Approved rendering: választott nemzetség / szent nemzet / Isten tulajdon népe
Transliteration: genos eklekton / ethnos hagion / laos eis peripoiēsin
Doctrine: Corporate Identity of God’s People (Chosen Race, Holy Nation)
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:9. A triad of Exodus 19:6-style covenant-people titles applied to the church, including Gentile believers. Teaching note required that this does not erase Israel’s own place in salvation history, consistent with the baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine drawn from Romans 9-11.
Endurance
Approved rendering: állhatatosság / eltűrés
Transliteration: hypomonē / hypomenō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:20. Remaining steadfast under pressure, distinct from mere passive resignation. Fixed recurring rendering through the suffering-and-submission material of chapters 2-5.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: minta / előírás
Transliteration: hypogrammos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: minta/előírás mint Krisztus szenvedésének kizárólagos jelentése, engesztelő értelem nélkül
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:21. An exact writing-copy pattern for students to trace; Christ’s suffering as a model for imitation. Must be held together with, not confused with, Christ’s unique atoning (substitutionary) work described in the same verse — Christ’s suffering is both non-repeatable atonement and imitable pattern, and neither sense should collapse into the other.
By His Wounds
Approved rendering: sebei által meggyógyultatok
Transliteration: mōlōps / iaomai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: sebei által meggyógyultatok mint garantált testi gyógyulás ígérete, a bűntől való helyreállítás Ézsaiás 53-beli összefüggésétől elszakítva
Original: μώλωψ / ἰάομαι
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:24, a direct quotation of Isaiah 53:5. Must not be read, or allowed to be misread, as promising physical healing as a guaranteed present benefit distinct from its Isaiah 53 forgiveness/restoration-from-sin context — a live risk given health-and-wealth-adjacent teaching present in some charismatic circles in Hungary; keep the note tightly bound to sin/restoration matching the immediate context.
Shepherd And Overseer
Approved rendering: Pásztor és Felügyelő / Gondviselő
Transliteration: poimēn kai episkopos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ἐπίσκοπος fordítása ‘püspök’-ként
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 2:25. Christ himself as the Shepherd and Overseer/Guardian of believers’ souls (Isaiah 53:6 echo), functional titles establishing the pattern human elders imitate at 5:2. ἐπίσκοπος must NEVER be rendered with the noun ‘püspök’ (bishop), which in contemporary Hungarian carries the developed, institutional sense of the Catholic/Lutheran diocesan office; use a functional term to preserve the descriptive sense intended here.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: csendes és szelíd lélek
Transliteration: praü kai hēsychion pneuma
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Marriage
Rejected alternatives: csendes és szelíd lélek mint általános kulturális elhallgatási mandátum minden nőre minden helyzetben
Original: πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:4. An inner disposition of gentleness and calm, not enforced silence. Must be taught as an inner character quality commended in this specific household-witness context, not as a general cultural mandate for female silence in all settings.
Fellow Heirs Of Grace
Approved rendering: az élet kegyelmének örököstársai
Transliteration: synklēronomoi charitos zōēs
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Marriage
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:7. Husband and wife as equal co-heirs of the grace of life, balancing the preceding ‘weaker vessel’ language, which must be taught as physical/social vulnerability requiring honor, not diminished spiritual worth. Combines ‘örökség’ (inheritance) and baseline ‘kegyelem’ (grace).
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: jó lelkiismeret
Transliteration: syneidēsis agathē
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:16, 3:21. Fixed recurring term connecting 3:16 to the theologically loaded baptism statement of 3:21; must be translated identically in both occurrences and must always accompany, never be detached from, the baptism_saves entry below.
Angels Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: angyalok, hatalmasságok és erők, akik alávettettek neki
Transliteration: angelōn kai exousiōn kai dynameōn hypotagentōn
Doctrine: Cosmic Victory of Christ
Original: ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 3:22. Reuses baseline ‘feltámadás’ (resurrection) and the fixed submission (ὑποτάσσω) rendering; closes the disputed 3:18-22 passage on a note of triumph rather than ongoing evangelistic offer to the spirits of 3:19, which should be reflected explicitly in teaching notes.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: a szeretet sok bűnt elfedez
Transliteration: agapē…kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn
Doctrine: Love and Mutual Forgiveness in Community
Rejected alternatives: a szeretet mint Krisztus engesztelő áldozatával egyenrangú, bűnöket eltörlő erő
Original: ἀγάπη…καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:8, a proverbial statement echoing Proverbs 10:12. Must not be misread as love ‘atoning for’ sin in the sense reserved for Christ’s substitutionary work (2:24, 3:18); requires a teaching note distinguishing this interpersonal-forbearance proverb from Christ’s unique atoning work already established elsewhere in the letter.
Steward Of Grace
Approved rendering: ajándék…Isten sokféle kegyelmének sáfárai
Transliteration: charisma…oikonomos…poikilēs charitos Theou
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship of Grace
Original: χάρισμα…οἰκονόμος…ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:10. χάρισμα reuses baseline ‘lelki ajándékok’ exactly; χάρις reuses baseline ‘kegyelem’ exactly; οἰκονόμος rendered with the traditional Károli-tradition term ‘sáfár.’ Directly continuous with the royal-priesthood doctrine of 2:5-9 — every believer, not only office-holders, stewards grace, a point of quiet but live relevance to the Reformed/Catholic priesthood-of-all-believers collision.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: tűzpróba
Transliteration: pyrōsis
Doctrine: Testing and Refinement of Faith
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:12. The noun form of the fire-testing metaphor introduced at 1:7 (testing_of_faith entry), now applied to present persecution; must be rendered so as to connect explicitly to that earlier occurrence.
Judgment House Of God
Approved rendering: ítélet Isten házán
Transliteration: krima…apo tou oikou tou Theou
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Household of God
Original: κρίμα…ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:17. God’s refining judgment beginning within the believing community itself, before extending to the world. Connects explicitly to the 2:5 ‘lelki ház’ (spiritual_house) term for internal consistency across the letter.
Scarcely Saved
Approved rendering: az igaz is nehezen menekül meg
Transliteration: molis dikaios sōzetai
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Household of God
Rejected alternatives: 4:18 olvasása úgy, mintha az cáfolná vagy meggyengítené az üdvösség bizonyosságának tanítását
Original: μόλις δίκαιος σῴζεται
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:18, a rhetorical a fortiori quotation of Proverbs 11:31 emphasizing the far greater peril facing the ungodly, not a statement of doubt about the righteous. Requires a teaching note to avoid this rhetorical quotation being misread as contradicting the settled-assurance/ongoing-uncertainty tension already flagged in the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation doctrine.
Shepherd The Flock
Approved rendering: legeltessétek Isten nyáját…felügyelve
Transliteration: poimanate to poimnion tou Theou…episkopountes
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ἐπισκοποῦντες fordítása ‘püspöki’-ként vagy ‘püspökként való tevékenységként’
Original: ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ Θεοῦ…ἐπισκοποῦντες
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:2. Human elders called to exercise the very shepherding/overseeing pattern Christ himself embodies (2:25, shepherd_and_overseer entry), in service under him, not in his place. ἐπισκοποῦντες must NEVER be rendered with ‘püspöki’ (episcopal), which would suggest these first-century elders held the later, developed office of bishop as distinct from elder.
Servant Leadership Example
Approved rendering: nem uralkodva…mintaként / példaként
Transliteration: mē katakyrieuontes…typoi ginomenoi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μὴ ὡς κατακυριεύοντες…ἀλλὰ τύποι γινόμενοι τοῦ ποιμνίου
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:2-3. Elders commanded not to dominate coercively but to become examples/patterns to the flock; servant-leadership standard directly relevant to any Hungarian tradition’s clergy-authority culture, whether Catholic or Reformed, without singling out either as the specific target of the warning.
Chief Shepherd Crown
Approved rendering: Főpásztor / a dicsőség hervadhatatlan koronája
Transliteration: archipoimēn / amarantinos tēs doxēs stephanos
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ‘Főpásztor’ cím alkalmazása emberi egyházi vezetőkre Krisztus kizárólagos jogának korlátozása nélkül, e vers relativizálásával
Original: ἀρχιποίμην / ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:4. Christ as the unique ‘Chief Shepherd,’ to whom all human elders remain subordinate and accountable. ‘Főpásztor’ is occasionally used in contemporary Hungarian church usage as an honorific title for bishops or other senior clergy; teaching notes must clarify Peter reserves this title exclusively for Christ himself, and any such honorific applied to human leaders must be understood as entirely subordinate to Christ’s unique title here.
Clothe With Humility
Approved rendering: öltsétek fel az alázatosságot
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynēn egkombōsasthe
Doctrine: Humility Before God and One Another
Original: τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:5. A vivid image of tying on a garment (like a servant’s apron) of humility, commended to all believers toward one another. Greco-Roman culture largely regarded lowliness as shameful, making the NT’s positive valuation of this virtue a genuinely counter-cultural ethical innovation; preserve the vivid garment-tying image rather than flattening it into an abstract noun alone.
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: ellenségetek, az ördög, ordító oroszlánként
Transliteration: antidikos…diabolos hōs leōn ōryomenos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Adversary
Original: ὁ ἀντίδικος ὑμῶν διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:8. ‘Ördög’ is a standard, low-collision Hungarian term shared across all Christian traditions; the primary risk is pastoral rather than lexical — teaching notes should hold this verse’s naming of a real spiritual adversary in balance with 4:19’s ‘faithful Creator’ and ‘God’s will’ language, so that suffering is not read as always and only directly demonically targeted.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: elhívott
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Applicable to the adjectival/participial sense of God’s summons where it occurs in 1 Peter’s calling vocabulary (cf. calling entry for the verbal occurrences at 2:21, 3:9, 5:10).
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Very high frequency: 1 Peter 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10. Recurs in the letter’s closing doxology (5:10) combined with grace and calling; must render identically at every occurrence for cross-document consistency.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 3:11, 5:14 (opening and closing epistolary benedictions plus the Psalm 34 quotation at 3:11).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: lelki ajándékok
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 4:10, extended there with steward (‘sáfár’) language — see steward_of_grace entry below; directly continuous with the royal-priesthood doctrine (every believer, not only office-holders, is gifted and stewards grace).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pogányok
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 2:12 (implied, ‘among the Gentiles/nations’) and 4:3 (the readers’ pre-conversion Gentile way of life).
Mercy
Approved rendering: irgalom
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion of God
Rejected alternatives: irgalom összemosása a ‘kegyelem’ (χάρις) fogalmával
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:3. Must never be collapsed into ‘kegyelem’ (reserved for χάρις); Hungarian theological usage in both Catholic and Reformed tradition distinguishes ‘irgalom’ (mercy/pity toward the wretched) from ‘kegyelem’ (grace/unmerited favor toward the guilty). DOCUMENTED LANDSCAPE RISK: existing Károli-tradition devotional habit at this exact verse historically renders the clause with ‘kegyelem’ rather than ‘irgalom,’ collapsing the distinction this curriculum must actively preserve — flag 1 Peter 1:3 for theologian review with an explicit note correcting this widespread devotional-tradition tendency.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: örökség
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance of Salvation
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:4; the cognate ‘fellow heirs’ recurs at 3:7 and 3:9. Natural lexical extension of the baseline’s ‘örökbefogadás’ (adoption); teach alongside it so readers connect sonship with the inheritance it secures. Described as imperishable (romolhatatlan), undefiled (szeplőtelen), and unfading (hervadhatatlan), kept in heaven.
Sojourner Exile
Approved rendering: jövevény / idegen
Transliteration: parepidēmos / paroikos
Doctrine: Corporate Identity of God’s People (Chosen Race, Holy Nation)
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11. Establishes the letter’s pervasive resident-alien social identity, foundational to both the holiness and submission material that follows; fix a consistent recurring pair across all occurrences.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: keresztény
Transliteration: Christianos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:16, one of only three NT occurrences of the noun ‘Christian,’ here as an honorable name suffered for. Standard, low-risk term shared identically by Catholic and Reformed Hungarian usage.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: hűséges Teremtő
Transliteration: pistos ktistēs
Doctrine: Providence and Trust in the Faithful Creator
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 4:19. A unique NT divine title; low internal-tradition collision risk. Reuses the established ψυχή (‘lélek’) rendering from 1:9.
Babylon Coded
Approved rendering: Babilon
Transliteration: Babylōni
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Babilon lefordítása/helyettesítése közvetlenül ‘Rómá’-val, a kódolt utalás megszüntetésével
Original: Βαβυλῶνι
Category: Church
New term. Occurs 1 Peter 5:13, a coded reference to Rome, not the literal ancient city, paralleling Revelation’s usage. Transliterate as ‘Babilon’ rather than paraphrasing as ‘Róma,’ to preserve the deliberate, allusive coded character of Peter’s own text; supply an explanatory note rather than replacing the referent in the translation itself.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: közösség
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 4:13 (‘κοινωνεῖτε,’ you share/participate), combined there with the fixed szenvedés (suffering) term-family — see participation_in_christs_sufferings entry below.
Referenced passages