Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Timothy (English → Hungarian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms already governed by the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [baseline TM — reuse exactly]; their recorded Hungarian rendering, risk tier, and notes are carried forward unchanged, not re-litigated. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are candidates for immediate addition to translation memory, with risk tiers assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → 1 Timothy)
| English term | Hungarian rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Timothy occurrences | Reuse note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | evangélium | High | 1:11 | No change; same proclamation-of-Christ sense. |
| grace | kegyelem | Critical | 1:2, 14; 6:21 | Must not be conflated with new term “irgalom” (mercy). |
| faith | hit | High | 1:2, 4, 5, 14, 19; 2:7, 15; 3:9, 13; 4:1, 6, 12; 5:8, 12; 6:10-12, 21 | Extremely frequent in 1 Timothy; apply baseline’s Reformed/Catholic sensitivity notes throughout. Flag 5:12 (“their first faith”) for a deliberate, noted departure — see entry below. |
| righteousness | igazság | Critical | 6:11 | Reuse in the ch. 6 virtue list; no new sense introduced. |
| salvation | üdvösség | Critical | 1:1 (implied via “Savior”), 2:4 (verb form: σωθῆναι), 4:16 | Engages the baseline’s assurance/election tension directly at 2:4 and 4:10 (“Savior of all people”). |
| apostle | apostol | Low | 1:1; 2:7 | No change. |
| called / calling | elhívott / elhívás | Medium/Critical | Not directly repeated as a noun in 1 Timothy, but conceptually present in 4:14’s ordination language | Cross-reference only; no direct lexical occurrence requiring re-flagging. |
| holy | szent | Medium | 2:8 (“holy hands”); implied throughout godliness passages | Standard sense retained. |
| saints | szentek | High | Not directly repeated as a noun, but the doctrine (all believers called to holiness) underlies chs. 3-6 | Cross-reference to baseline sainthood doctrine. |
| sanctification | megszentelődés | High | 4:5 (verb form ἁγιάζεται) | See ch. 4 analysis; paired here with “the word of God and prayer,” not sacramental or law-third-use framing. |
| adoption | örökbefogadás | Medium | Not directly used | No occurrence; retained for consistency across the wider curriculum library. |
| resurrection | feltámadás | Critical | Implied in the vindication of 3:16 (see “vindicated in the Spirit” entry below, deliberately NOT mapped to this term) | Do not conflate with ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι (3:16), which is a distinct concept (vindication), not the resurrection noun itself. |
| lord | Úr | Critical | 1:2, 12, 14; 6:3, 14-15 (“Lord of lords”) | Reuse exactly; see new compound title entry below. |
| son_of_god | Isten Fia | Critical | Not directly titled thus in 1 Timothy, but “Christ Jesus” Christology throughout assumes it | Cross-reference only. |
| incarnation | megtestesülés | High | 3:16 (“manifested in the flesh”) | Doctrine-name cross-reference; verse itself uses a verb, not this noun. |
| peace | béke | Medium | 1:2 | No change. |
| spiritual_gifts | lelki ajándékok | Medium | 4:14 (singular χάρισμα) | See new singular-form note below. |
| thanksgiving | hálaadás | Low | 2:1 | No change. |
| fellowship | közösség | Low | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
| church | egyház | Medium | 3:5, 15; 5:16 | Reuse exactly; combines with “Isten” at 3:5, 15 (see compound entries below). |
| kingdom_of_god | Isten országa | Medium | 6:15 (via “King of kings,” related concept) | No direct occurrence of the phrase itself. |
| law | törvény | High | 1:7-9 | Reuse exactly per baseline; do not assume Reformed threefold-use framework. |
| sin | bűn | Medium | 1:9, 15; 5:20, 22, 24 | No change. |
| gentiles | pogányok / nemzetek | Medium | 2:7; 3:16 | Prefer “nemzetek” at 3:16 per baseline guidance on the neutral “nations” sense. |
| glory | dicsőség | Medium | 1:11, 17; 3:16 | No change. |
| obedience_of_faith | hitből fakadó engedelmesség | High | Not directly used, but 2:11-15 and 3:4’s ὑποταγή passages relate conceptually | Cross-reference only. |
| power_of_god | Isten ereje | Medium | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
| messiah | Messiás | Critical | Not directly titled thus; “Christ Jesus” used throughout | Cross-reference only. |
| prophet / prophecy | próféta / prófécia | Low | 1:18; 4:1, 14 | No change. |
| covenant | szövetség | Critical | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
| election | kiválasztás | Critical | 5:21 (“elect angels,” different referent) | See new entry below distinguishing this occurrence’s low risk from the term family’s Critical status elsewhere. |
| intercession | közbenjárás | High | 2:1 (ἔντευξις, congregational sense) | See new entry below distinguishing this occurrence’s sense from the baseline’s Romans 8 Christological/pneumatological sense. |
| providence | gondviselés | Medium | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
| mission | misszió | Medium | Conceptually present (2:1-7; 3:7) | No direct lexical occurrence. |
| david | Dávid | Low | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
| israel | Izrael | Low | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
| jesus | Jézus | Critical | 1:1-2, 12, 14-16; 2:5; 3:13, 16; 5:21; 6:3, 13-14 | Reuse exactly; extremely frequent, always paired with “Krisztus.” |
| god | Isten | Critical | Throughout | Reuse exactly. |
| holy_spirit | Szentlélek | Critical | 4:1 (implied via “the Spirit”) | Reuse exactly wherever πνεῦμα refers to the Holy Spirit. |
| father | Atya | Critical | Not directly titled thus | Retained for library consistency. |
| exhort | buzdítani | Low | 4:13 (“exhortation”); 5:1; 6:2 | Reuse exactly. |
| imputed_righteousness | beszámított igazság | Critical | Not directly used | Retained for library consistency. |
B. New Terms Proposed for 1 Timothy Translation Memory
| # | English term | Hungarian rendering | Original (Greek) | Risk | Doctrine category | Key references | Rationale / forbidden alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overseer / bishop | püspök | ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:1, 2 | Established Károli-tradition rendering, shared by both major Hungarian traditions as an institutional title but with sharply different theological freight: Catholic sacramental episcopal order in apostolic succession vs. Reformed administrative leadership title among equal presbyters. FORBIDDEN: presenting the office in translator notes as either a sacramentally distinct order or as a merely administrative title without qualification — teach Paul’s own local-congregation-overseer description. |
| 2 | elder | presbiter (office) / idősebb (age-reference) | πρεσβύτερος | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 5:1-2, 17, 19, 21 (angels, low-risk sub-case) | Context-sensitive between generic age-reference and formal office, parallel to the baseline’s called term family. Cross-reference ἐπίσκοπος: Acts 20:17, 28 uses both terms interchangeably for one office, a point the Reformed tradition emphasizes more explicitly than some Catholic historical-theological accounts. |
| 3 | deacon | diakónus | διάκονος / διακονέω | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:8, 10, 12, 13 | Catholic sacramental diaconate (ordained order) vs. Reformed non-sacramental mercy-ministry office. FORBIDDEN: assuming either tradition’s ordination theology as the text’s own claim. |
| 4 | (deacons’) women/wives | az asszonyok / a nők (no possessive supplied) | γυναῖκας | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:11 | Genuinely disputed exegetical fork (deacons’ wives vs. a parallel/distinct female ministry office). FORBIDDEN: silently supplying “feleségeik” (their wives) or otherwise foreclosing the textual ambiguity; both interpretive options must be presented in teaching notes. |
| 5 | mediator | közbenjáró | μεσίτης | Critical | Christ as the One Mediator | 2:5 | Christ’s unique, exclusive mediatorial role; must be distinguished in notes from baseline intercession [közbenjárás] — related root, distinct referent and doctrinal function. FORBIDDEN: any phrasing implying Christ is one mediator among several, or silently endorsing/rejecting Marian or saintly intercessory practice within the translated text itself. |
| 6 | ransom | váltságdíj | ἀντίλυτρον | High | Christ as the One Mediator | 2:6 | Substitutionary atonement term; parallel weight to baseline’s imputed_righteousness. |
| 7 | savior | Üdvözítő | σωτήρ | Critical | Sound Doctrine / Christ as the One Mediator | 1:1; 2:3; 4:10 | Applied to both God the Father and Christ Jesus, affirming shared divine saving identity; 4:10’s “Savior of all people, especially believers” engages the baseline’s Critical election/calling tension directly. FORBIDDEN: resolving the universal/particular tension toward either full universalism or exclusion of God’s expressed universal saving desire (2:4). |
| 8 | mercy | irgalom | ἔλεος | Medium | Sound Doctrine (Paul’s testimony) | 1:2, 13, 16 | Distinct from “kegyelem” (grace); must not be conflated. |
| 9 | sound doctrine | egészséges tanítás | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 1:10; 4:6 (implied); 6:3 | Signature term of the letter; parallel weight to baseline’s gospel entry. |
| 10 | conscience | lelkiismeret | συνείδησις | High | Sound Doctrine / Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 1:5, 19; 3:9; 4:2 | Recurs as the letter’s integrity-marker tying right belief to right living; central to disqualification and qualification alike. |
| 11 | godliness | kegyesség | εὐσέβεια | High | Godliness and Contentment | 2:2, 10; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3, 5-6, 11 | Signature term of the letter; Catholic devotional-piety and Reformed pietist traditions both use this word with different lived emphases. FORBIDDEN: presenting either tradition’s fully developed devotional system as the text’s own definition. |
| 12 | contentment / self-sufficiency | megelégedés | αὐτάρκεια | Medium-High | Godliness and Contentment | 6:6, 8 | Reframes a Stoic ethical ideal in God-dependent theological terms; must not be taught as Stoic self-mastery. |
| 13 | love of money | pénz szerelme | φιλαργυρία | High | Godliness and Contentment | 6:10 (cf. ἀφιλάργυρος 3:3; αἰσχροκερδής 3:8) | Famous, frequently misquoted verse (“root of all evils,” not “money is the root of all evil” and not necessarily the sole root). FORBIDDEN: the flattened popular misquotation. |
| 14 | love | szeretet | ἀγάπη | Medium | Godliness and Contentment (virtue list) | 6:11 | Not present in the Romans baseline; doctrinally central, low internal Hungarian denominational conflict but requires a formal glossary entry for consistency. |
| 15 | pillar and foundation of truth | az igazság pillére és alapja | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | CRITICAL | The Church as Pillar of Truth | 3:15 | Headline term for this curriculum’s title doctrine; sharp Catholic (magisterial teaching authority) vs. Reformed (church as witness/support under Scripture’s authority) fault line. FORBIDDEN: any rendering implying the church originates or stands above the truth it displays/supports, or conversely any rendering that strips the church of its genuine, Scripturally-mandated guardian responsibility. |
| 16 | mystery of the faith / mystery of godliness | a hit titka / a kegyesség titka | μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως / τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον | High | Sound Doctrine / The Church as Pillar of Truth | 3:9, 16 | Pauline μυστήριον = revealed, not esoteric, truth. FORBIDDEN: any framing suggesting hidden/gnostic special knowledge; Hungarian “titok” requires a clarifying note. |
| 17 | vindicated in the Spirit | igazolást nyert a Lélek által | ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι | High | The Church as Pillar of Truth (creedal hymn) | 3:16 | Deliberately NOT rendered with “megigazult” (reserved for the believer’s forensic justification) to avoid confusing Christ’s own vindication with the sinner’s justification by faith. |
| 18 | guard the deposit | őrizd meg a rád bízott letéteményt | παραθήκη (φύλαξον) | CRITICAL | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 6:20 (cf. 2 Tim 1:14) | Headline term for this curriculum’s title doctrine; directly engages the Catholic technical category depositum fidei (“a hit letéteménye,” Scripture + Sacred Tradition guarded by the Magisterium) vs. Reformed reading (the apostolic gospel message contained in and normed by Scripture alone, guarded through faithful teaching). FORBIDDEN: assigning ultimate guardianship to either an ongoing magisterial teaching office or to Scripture-alone categories as the text’s own explicit claim beyond Paul’s personal charge to Timothy. |
| 19 | falsely called knowledge | hamis névvel nevezett ismeret | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | Medium-High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 6:20 | Early anti-Gnostic polemic; background for Sound Doctrine doctrine. |
| 20 | widow (enrolled) | özvegy | χήρα | Medium-High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | 5:3-16 | Distinct, formally “enrolled” NT ministry order; no precise modern institutional equivalent in either Hungarian tradition. |
| 21 | first faith / pledge | fogadalom (deliberate departure from default “hit”) | πρώτη πίστις | High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | 5:12 | Plausibly a specific vow of enrolled service, not necessarily loss of saving faith; default “hit” rendering risks implying apostasy. Deliberate, flagged departure from baseline term per Ambiguity Handling rules. |
| 22 | double honor | kétszeres tisztesség/megbecsülés | διπλῆ τιμή | Medium-High | Care for Widows / Qualifications for Church Leadership | 5:17 | Ties elder leadership to tangible honor/support; church-economics implications. |
| 23 | laying on of hands (ordination) | kézrátétel | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 4:14; 5:22 | Catholic sacramental ordination theology vs. Reformed non-sacramental commissioning act. FORBIDDEN: assuming ex opere operato sacramental efficacy or, conversely, presenting the act as merely symbolic with no spiritual significance — teach the text’s own descriptive claim only. |
| 24 | council of elders / presbytery | presbitérium | πρεσβυτέριον | CRITICAL | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 4:14 | Live, technical Reformed-Hungarian governance term (presbytery as church court). FORBIDDEN: importing the full historic Presbyterian system of church government as the text’s own explicit claim; the verse describes a local elder body’s commissioning act. |
| 25 | testing/examination (for office) | próbára tétel / megvizsgálás | δοκιμάζω | Medium-High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:10 | Relevant to ordination-process questions across both traditions. |
| 26 | apostasy / departure from the faith | elszakadás a hittől | ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 4:1 | Names organized, predicted departure, not mere individual doubt. |
| 27 | doctrines of demons | démonok/ördögök tanításai | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 4:1 | Names the spiritual source of false teaching as demonic. |
| 28 | forbidding marriage / foods | házasság és bizonyos ételek megtiltása | κωλύω γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων | Medium-High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 4:3 | Condemns a false ascetic teaching, NOT voluntary consecrated celibacy or fasting (cf. 1 Cor. 7). FORBIDDEN: teaching this verse as a blanket polemic against Catholic priestly/religious celibacy. |
| 29 | good confession | jó hitvallás | καλὴ ὁμολογία | High | Christ as the One Mediator / Sound Doctrine | 6:12-13 | Directly parallels Romans 10:9’s confession (“Jézus az Úr”); requires cross-document consistency with the baseline’s mandated verbatim rendering. |
| 30 | King of kings and Lord of lords | királyok Királya és uraknak Ura | βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | CRITICAL | Christ as the One Mediator / Lordship of Christ | 6:15 | Reinforces baseline’s Critical lordship_of_christ doctrine; reuse baseline Úr exactly within the compound. |
| 31 | church of God / household of God | Isten egyháza / Isten háza | ἐκκλησία θεοῦ / οἶκος θεοῦ | Critical | The Church as Pillar of Truth | 3:5, 15 | Compound of two baseline Critical/High terms (egyház, Isten); reuse both exactly. |
| 32 | one who manages/leads (household or church) | vezet / elöljár | προΐστημι | Medium-High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:4, 5, 12; 5:17 | Single leadership-verb spanning household and congregation; keep rendering consistent across all four occurrences to preserve the household-church analogy. |
| 33 | submission | alárendeltség / engedelmesség | ὑποταγή | High | Public Worship and Prayer / Qualifications for Church Leadership | 2:11; 3:4 | Context-sensitive across household order and women’s posture in the assembly; live complementarian/egalitarian sensitivity in both traditions. |
| 34 | above reproach / blameless | feddhetetlen / kifogástalan | ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:2, 10 | Reputational/behavioral integrity, not sinless perfection; must not create tension with universal sinfulness (Romans 3:23). |
| 35 | husband of one wife | egy feleség férje | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:2, 12 | Preserve the literal idiom rather than resolving the underlying (monogamy / character / remarriage) exegetical debate. |
| 36 | able to teach | tanításra alkalmas | διδακτικός | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership / Sound Doctrine | 3:2 | Directly ties leadership office to doctrinal competency. |
| 37 | eternal life | örök élet | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | High | Godliness and Contentment / Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 6:12, 19 | Cross-reference baseline’s Critical assurance_of_salvation doctrine; standard term, shared across traditions but doctrinally weighty. |
| 38 | good work (of leadership) | jó munka / jó cselekedet | καλὸν ἔργον | Low-Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:1 | Must not imply meritorious works earning standing (baseline grace/justification collision risk). |
| 39 | good testimony/reputation | jó hírnév / jó bizonyság | μαρτυρία καλή | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:7 | Credibility extending to the wider, watching community. |
| 40 | elect angels | kiválasztott angyalok | ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων | Low (in this occurrence) | Qualifications for Church Leadership (incidental) | 5:21 | Shares the root of the baseline’s Critical kiválasztás entry; flagged for translator awareness of the term family, though this specific occurrence carries no soteriological weight. |
| 41 | prayer terms (petitions, prayers, intercessions, thanksgivings) | könyörgések, imádságok, közbenjárások, hálaadások | δεήσεις, προσευχαί, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίαι | Medium-High | Public Worship and Prayer | 2:1 | Third term reuses baseline közbenjárás but in the ordinary congregational-intercession sense, distinct from Romans 8’s Christological/pneumatological sense; note the distinction to prevent over-weighting every occurrence as Critical. |
| 42 | desires all people to be saved | azt akarja, hogy minden ember üdvözüljön | θέλει πάντας ἀνθρώπους σωθῆναι | CRITICAL | Christ as the One Mediator / Sound Doctrine | 2:4 | Directly engages the baseline’s Critical election/calling fault line; translate to Paul’s plain statement without resolving the universal-desire/particular-decree tension either way. |
| 43 | saved through childbearing | megtartatik a gyermekszülés által | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας | CRITICAL | Public Worship and Prayer | 2:15 | Notoriously difficult clause with multiple valid readings; render literally without resolving, and without implying salvation is conditioned on childbearing. |
C. Risk Summary for 1 Timothy New Terms
| Risk tier | Count (new terms, Section B) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 (#1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, 18, 24, 30, 31, 42, 43 — see note) | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 8 | Human theologian or senior native speaker per doctrine risk registry conventions |
| Medium | 5 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 2 | Automated or native speaker review |
Note: several entries above are marked Critical due to direct engagement with the baseline’s existing Critical fault lines (grace, election/calling, justification, lordship of Christ, assurance of salvation). Exact count: Critical = 12 when all directly-linked entries (#1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, 18, 24, 30, 31, 42, 43) are tallied individually.
This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, forms the complete Step 1 input for the 1 Timothy Language Package. All new terms proposed here must be formally incorporated into an updated translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json in the subsequent Phase 1 steps, with the baseline Romans entries carried forward unchanged per the governing hard rule.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2, 14; 6:21. Must be kept lexically distinct from the new term ‘irgalom’ (mercy) and from ‘kegyesség’ (godliness); 1:14’s ‘the grace of our Lord overflowed’ must not be read as proof-texting either irresistible grace alone or merit-cooperated infusion alone.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the 6:11 virtue list alongside ‘kegyesség’ (godliness); must not be flattened into a synonym for moral conduct generally — retain forensic/relational weight even inside a practical virtue list.
Justification
Approved rendering: megigazulás
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: fokozatos belső megszentelődés kizárólag, jogi kijelentés nélkül (tridenti értelmezés)
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used as a noun in 1 Timothy, but its verb root (δικαιόω) recurs at 3:16 applied to Christ’s own vindication — see new term ‘vindicated_in_spirit,’ which is DELIBERATELY rendered ‘igazolást nyert,’ NOT with this term’s root, to avoid confusing Christ’s vindication with the believer’s forensic justification.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 2:4 (‘desires all people to be saved’) and 4:10 (‘Savior of all people, especially those who believe’) place this term directly inside the same universal-desire/particular-decree tension the baseline documents as Critical for ‘kiválasztás’ and ‘elhívás.’ See new terms ‘universal_salvific_will’ and ‘savior.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: elhívás
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ellenállhatatlan elhívás mint kizárólagos érvényes olvasat, katolikus szinergizmus kizárásával
Inherited from Romans package. No direct lexical occurrence in 1 Timothy; retained for cross-document consistency given its direct relevance to the Universal Salvific Will of God doctrine (2:3-4; 4:10).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Do NOT map to 3:16’s ‘vindicated in the Spirit’ (ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι), which is a distinct concept (vindication) — see new term ‘vindicated_in_spirit.‘
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:2, 12, 14; 6:3, 14-15 (‘Lord of lords,’ see new term ‘king_of_kings’). Must retain exclusive, supreme sense throughout, consistent with the baseline’s mandated verbatim rendering of Romans 10:9 (‘Jézus az Úr’).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Isten Fia
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isten fia általános értelemben, minden hívőre alkalmazva
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly titled thus in 1 Timothy, but ‘Christ Jesus’ Christology throughout assumes it; cross-reference doctrine only.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: megtestesülés
Transliteration: ephanerōthē en sarki (cf. ho logos sarx egeneto)
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί (cf. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο, John 1:14)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package as the doctrine-name; 1 Timothy 3:16 uses a verb (‘was manifested in flesh,’ ‘megjelent testben’), not this noun. Name the doctrine ‘megtestesülés’ in teaching materials while translating the verse’s own verb form.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messiás
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly titled thus in 1 Timothy; ‘Christ Jesus’ is used throughout instead. Cross-reference doctrine only.
Covenant
Approved rendering: szövetség
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: szövetség kizárólag jogi vagy politikai szerződésként
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Election
Approved rendering: kiválasztás
Transliteration: eklogē / eklektos
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: kiválasztás, mely emberi együttműködés nélkül értelmezhetetlen (szinergista olvasat kényszerítése), kiválasztás mint szabad akarat nélküli, vak végzet (fatalista félreolvasás)
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 5:21’s ‘elect angels’ is a distinct, non-soteriological occurrence of the same root — see new term ‘elect_angels,’ flagged Low for this specific occurrence only. The term-family entry itself retains baseline Critical risk for translator awareness given the shared root.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent throughout 1 Timothy (1:1-2, 12, 14-16; 2:5; 3:13, 16; 5:21; 6:3, 13-14), always paired with ‘Krisztus.‘
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout; forms compounds ‘Isten egyháza’ (3:5, 15) and ‘Isten háza’ (3:15) — see new terms ‘church_of_god’ and ‘household_of_god.’ 3:16 must affirm ‘Isten megjelent testben,’ never a subordinationist ‘He was manifested’ rendering (see 05_translation_landscape.md Section 4.1 re: Watchtower New World Translation).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 4:1 (‘the Spirit expressly says’) identifies the Holy Spirit as source of the letter’s own prophetic warning about false teaching — must retain the personal, divine agent sense.
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly titled thus in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: beszámított igazság
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: befogadott/beoltott igazság mint kizárólag belső átalakulás (tridenti értelmezés)
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Overseer
Approved rendering: püspök
Transliteration: episkopos / episkopē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Rejected alternatives: felügyelő (native coinage, lacks established biblical register), püspök mint kizárólag szentségi rend a apostoli utódlásban (katolikus olvasat), püspök mint kizárólag igazgatási cím, szentségi jelleg nélkül (református olvasat egyoldalúan kényszerítve)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:1-2. Established Károli-tradition rendering shared by both major Hungarian traditions as an institutional title, but with sharply different theological freight: Catholic sacramental episcopal order in apostolic succession vs. Reformed administrative leadership title among equal presbyters. Every occurrence requires a translator’s note restricting the claim to 1 Timothy 3’s local congregational overseer.
Deacon
Approved rendering: diakónus
Transliteration: diakonos / diakoneō
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Rejected alternatives: szolga (too generic, loses office-specificity)
Original: διάκονος / διακονέω
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:8, 10, 12, 13. Catholic sacramental diaconate (ordained order) vs. Reformed non-sacramental mercy-ministry office. Restrict ‘diakónus’ as a noun to this formal-office sense throughout this curriculum; do not use it for generic serving-language elsewhere.
Women In Ministry 1tim3
Approved rendering: az asszonyok / a nők
Transliteration: gynaikas
Doctrine: Women in Ministry and Worship
Rejected alternatives: feleségeik (possessive silently supplied — FORBIDDEN; matches the dominant existing Károli/SZIT precedent, which this pipeline must deliberately depart from)
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:11. Genuinely disputed exegetical fork (deacons’ wives vs. a parallel/distinct female ministry office); the Greek supplies no possessive pronoun. Mandatory theologian review; teaching notes must present both interpretive options without foreclosing either.
Mediator
Approved rendering: közbenjáró
Transliteration: mesitēs
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: közbenjáró mint egy a sok közbenjáró közül (a szentek/Mária közbenjárásának egyenrangúsítása)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:5. Must be sharply distinguished from ‘közbenjárás’ (intercession) — related root, distinct referent: μεσίτης names Christ’s unique, exclusive, once-for-all mediatorial office, never one mediator among several. The translated text must not adjudicate the Catholic-Reformed practical dispute over intercessory prayer to saints while preserving unqualified exclusivity.
Savior
Approved rendering: Üdvözítő
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Universal Salvific Will of God
Rejected alternatives: Megmentő (generic rescuer, lacks established theological weight)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:1; 2:3; 4:10. Applied to both God the Father and Christ Jesus, signaling shared divine saving identity. 4:10’s ‘Savior of all people, especially believers’ directly engages the baseline’s Critical election/calling tension; must not resolve toward full universalism or exclusion of God’s expressed universal desire (2:4).
Pillar Of Truth
Approved rendering: az igazság pillére és alapja
Transliteration: stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: az igazságnak oszlopa és erőssége (Károli 1908; ‘erősség’ imports a fortress/citadel connotation absent from ἑδραίωμα and unintentionally tilts toward a magisterial-guardian reading)
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW headline term for this curriculum’s title doctrine. 1 Timothy 3:15. Follows the RÚF-aligned ‘pillére és alapja’ direction over Károli’s ‘erőssége,’ a deliberate, flagged departure from the dominant existing Hungarian tradition, made to avoid unintentionally favoring either the Catholic magisterial-authority or Reformed Scripture-subordinate-witness reading. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: a kegyesség titka
Transliteration: to tēs eusebeias mystērion
Doctrine: Mystery of Godliness and the Christ Hymn
Rejected alternatives: misztérium (see mystery_of_faith rationale)
Original: τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:16. Introduces the six-line Christ-hymn (manifested in flesh, vindicated in the Spirit, seen by angels, proclaimed among the nations, believed on in the world, taken up in glory), compressing Incarnation, Vindication, and Ascension doctrine into one confessional unit. Same ‘titok’ caution as mystery_of_faith applies. Mandatory theologian review.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: őrizd meg a rád bízott letéteményt
Transliteration: parathēkē (phylaxon)
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: a hit letéteménye mint kizárólag a Magisztérium által, a Szenthagyománnyal együtt őrzött depositum fidei (katolikus szisztematikus olvasat kényszerítése), a letétemény mint kizárólag a Szentírás önmagában normált apostoli üzenet (református szisztematikus olvasat kényszerítése)
Original: παραθήκη (φύλαξον)
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW headline term for this curriculum’s title doctrine. 1 Timothy 6:20 (cf. 2 Timothy 1:14). Directly engages the Catholic technical category depositum fidei (‘a hit letéteménye’) vs. the Reformed Scripture-alone-normed reading. Translate to Paul’s own personal charge to Timothy without assigning ultimate guardianship to either system as the text’s own explicit claim. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Presbytery
Approved rendering: presbitérium
Transliteration: presbyterion
Doctrine: Laying On of Hands and Ordination
Rejected alternatives: a vének testülete (native paraphrase; would sever this curriculum’s vocabulary from the term readers already recognize from their own church governance, creating a false sense of neutrality)
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:14. Live, technical Reformed-Hungarian governance term (a formal church court). Mandatory translator’s note confining the scope to a local body of elders performing a commissioning act, without importing the full historic Reformed system of church government.
King Of Kings
Approved rendering: királyok Királya és uraknak Ura
Transliteration: basileus tōn basileuontōn kai kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn
Doctrine: Lordship and Kingship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a rendering must not permit a subordinationist reading in which Christ’s lordship is merely delegated authority under a strictly unipersonal deity (cf. Watchtower Society doctrine) — FORBIDDEN
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: God
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:15. Reinforces the baseline’s Critical Lordship of Christ doctrine with the letter’s most exalted title; reuse baseline ‘Úr’ exactly within the compound. Teaching notes must reaffirm Trinitarian co-equality.
Church Of God
Approved rendering: Isten egyháza / az élő Isten egyháza
Transliteration: ekklēsia theou (zōntos)
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: gyülekezet önmagában, ‘Isten’ nélkül (elfogadhatatlan rövidítés)
Original: ἐκκλησία θεοῦ (ζῶντος)
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW compound of two baseline Critical/High terms. 1 Timothy 3:5, 15. Reuse both baseline renderings (‘egyház,’ ‘Isten’) exactly; retain the ‘living’ qualifier explicitly (implicit anti-idol polemic) rather than dropping it for brevity.
Universal Salvific Will
Approved rendering: azt akarja, hogy minden ember üdvözüljön
Transliteration: thelei pantas anthrōpous sōthēnai
Doctrine: Universal Salvific Will of God
Original: θέλει πάντας ἀνθρώπους σωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:3-4. Directly engages the baseline’s Critical election/calling fault line; translate Paul’s plain statement without resolving the systematic tension toward either full universalism or an exclusionary reading. Mandatory theologian review.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: megtartatik a gyermekszülés által
Transliteration: sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias
Doctrine: Saved Through Childbearing (2:15)
Rejected alternatives: üdvözül a gyermekszülés által (the technical soteriological verb — FORBIDDEN without a clarifying note, since it risks implying final salvation is conditioned on childbearing)
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:15. Notoriously difficult clause with multiple valid readings (physical safety in childbirth; salvation through the Messiah’s birth; faithful fulfillment of a domestic calling). Render literally; do not resolve. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:11 calls it ‘the glorious gospel of the blessed God,’ tying the term to God’s own glory and to Paul’s stewardship of an entrusted message — reinforces the Guarding the Deposit of Faith doctrine.
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent in 1 Timothy (over twenty occurrences), used both relationally (personal trust) and propositionally (a body of belief to be guarded/departed from, 1:19; 6:10, 21). See new term ‘first_faith_pledge’ (5:12) for a deliberate, flagged departure from this default rendering.
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Transliteration: hagios / hosios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος / ὅσιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 2:8’s ‘holy hands’ lifted in prayer applies the term to bodily posture in corporate worship — keep the relational/moral sense, not a ritual-purity-only sense.
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólagosan kanonizált, közbenjárásra kért személyek (katolikus olvasat)
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly repeated as a noun in 1 Timothy, but the underlying doctrine (every believer called to holiness) underlies chapters 3-6; cross-reference wherever the corporate sainthood doctrine is taught.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: megszentelődés
Transliteration: hagiazō / hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 4:5 (‘is made holy through the word of God and prayer’) corrects false asceticism; must not be read as sacramental consecration of food (Catholic-formed readers) or through the law’s-third-use framework (Reformed-formed readers) — the text’s own basis is Word and prayer.
Law
Approved rendering: törvény
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:7-9 (‘the law is good, if one uses it lawfully’) directly engages the Reformed threefold-use-of-the-law framework already flagged High in the baseline; render Paul’s own argument about the false teachers’ misuse of the law without assuming that systematic framework as background.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: hitből fakadó engedelmesség
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: törvény szerinti engedelmesség, hit nélkül
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy as a phrase, but 2:11-15 and 3:4’s submission (ὑποταγή) passages relate conceptually — cross-reference only.
Intercession
Approved rendering: közbenjárás
Transliteration: enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag szentek és Mária közbenjárása mint szükséges (katolikus olvasat)
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 2:1 and 4:5 use ἔντευξις for ordinary congregational petition, materially distinct from Romans 8:26-27, 34’s Spirit’s/Christ’s unique heavenly intercession. Must NOT be conflated with new term ‘mediator’ (közbenjáró, 2:5), Christ’s exclusive mediatorial office. Add a clarifying note distinguishing the three senses (Romans 8 divine intercession / ordinary congregational petition / Christ’s unique mediatorship) wherever any of these occur.
Elder
Approved rendering: presbiter (office) / idősebb (age-reference)
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Elder Leadership and Church Governance
Rejected alternatives: vén (archaic, sounds merely aged rather than office-bearing)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:1-2 (age), 5:17, 19 (office), 5:21 (elect angels, unrelated low-risk sub-case). Context-sensitive; disambiguate every occurrence individually before translation. Acts 20:17, 28 uses πρεσβύτερος and ἐπίσκοπος interchangeably for one office, emphasized more explicitly by Reformed ecclesiology than by Catholic historical-theological accounts.
Ransom
Approved rendering: váltságdíj
Transliteration: antilytron
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:6. Substitutionary atonement term; parallel weight to baseline’s Critical ‘beszámított igazság.’ Must convey a price paid on behalf of others by Christ himself, not a generic act of rescue.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: egészséges tanítás
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:10; 4:6; 6:3. Signature term of the letter, parallel in importance to baseline’s ‘gospel.’ Translate the term itself neutrally as health-producing teaching; reserve the final-arbiter question (Magisterium vs. Scripture alone) for the Pillar of Truth and Guarding the Deposit doctrine notes, never resolving it in the term itself.
Conscience
Approved rendering: lelkiismeret
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Conscience and Integrity
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:5, 19; 3:9; 4:2. Recurs as the letter’s integrity-marker tying right belief to right living. Teach Paul’s own doctrine-conscience link rather than either Catholic sacramental-confession framing or Reformed Scripture-bound framing as the text’s own claim.
Godliness
Approved rendering: kegyesség
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:2, 10; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3, 5-6, 11. Signature term of the letter. Both Catholic devotional-piety and Reformed pietist traditions use ‘kegyesség’ with different lived emphases; teach as the text’s own Spirit-shaped godliness, not either tradition’s fully developed devotional system. Must be kept lexically distinct from ‘kegyelem’ (grace) and ‘irgalom’ (mercy) despite the shared root — fence every close co-occurrence (e.g., 1:2 + 2:2) with a clarifying note.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: a pénz szerelme
Transliteration: philargyria
Doctrine: Love of Money
Rejected alternatives: a pénz mint minden rossz gyökere (a pénz szerelme helyett) — a gyakori félrefordítás, TILOS
Original: φιλαργυρία (cf. ἀφιλάργυρος 3:3; αἰσχροκερδής 3:8)
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:10 (cf. ἀφιλάργυρος 3:3 ‘nem pénzsóvár’; αἰσχροκερδής 3:8 ‘haszonleső’). Frequently misquoted verse; requires translator’s note guarding against the flattened ‘money is the root of all evil’ misreading. Keep lexically consistent with 3:3 and 3:8.
Mystery Of Faith
Approved rendering: a hit titka
Transliteration: mystērion tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: misztérium (transliteration; imports strong Catholic sacramental-liturgical resonance, e.g. ‘Húsvéti misztérium’, tilting the term toward one tradition)
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:9. Hungarian ‘titok’ carries a strong everyday ‘secret’ sense; mandatory clarifying note that this is revealed, not esoteric, truth, guarding against gnostic-sounding ‘hidden knowledge’ framing (cf. 6:20).
Vindicated In Spirit
Approved rendering: igazolást nyert a Lélek által
Transliteration: edikaiōthē en pneumati
Doctrine: Mystery of Godliness and the Christ Hymn
Rejected alternatives: megigazult lélekben (Károli 1908 — DELIBERATE, FLAGGED DEPARTURE: uses the exact verb root reserved for the believer’s forensic justification; this pipeline must diverge from Károli precedent here)
Original: ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:16. Shares the Greek verb root (δικαιόω) with the baseline’s Critical ‘megigazulás’ but names Christ’s own vindication, not the sinner’s justification by faith. A one-to-one reuse of ‘megigazult’ would confuse readers into thinking Christ himself needed forensic justification from sin. Mandatory theologian sign-off; explicitly note this is a documented departure from Károli, made for doctrinal-clarity reasons.
Widow
Approved rendering: özvegy
Transliteration: chēra
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:3-16. Distinguishes ordinary bereavement from a formally ‘enrolled’ order of church-supported widows with specific qualifications; no precise modern institutional equivalent in either Hungarian tradition. Use explicit periphrasis (‘egyházi nyilvántartásba felvett özvegy’) to distinguish the technical enrolled sense (5:9-10) from the ordinary sense (5:3-4, 16).
First Faith Pledge
Approved rendering: fogadalom (korábbi fogadalmukat megszegik)
Transliteration: tēn prōtēn pistin ēthetēsan
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Rejected alternatives: hit (the default rendering for πίστις elsewhere; REJECTED here because it risks implying apostasy from saving faith, when a specific vow of enrolled service is the more likely referent)
Original: τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:12. Deliberate, flagged departure from the default ‘hit’ rendering used everywhere else in the letter. Mandatory theologian review per the Ambiguity Handling rules.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: kézrátétel
Transliteration: epithesis tōn cheirōn
Doctrine: Laying On of Hands and Ordination
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:14; 5:22. Catholic tradition: sacramental sign efficaciously conferring grace within apostolic succession (Holy Orders). Reformed tradition: non-sacramental act of recognition and blessing. Teach the text’s own descriptive claim only — a commissioning act accompanying prophecy.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: elszakadás a hittől
Transliteration: aphistēmi tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:1. Names organized, predicted departure (‘in later times’), not merely individual doubt; preserve this corporate, prophesied framing in surrounding teaching notes.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: démonok tanításai / csalárd lelkek
Transliteration: didaskaliai daimoniōn / pneumata plana
Doctrine: False Asceticism
Original: διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων / πνεύματα πλάνα
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:1. Names the ultimate spiritual source of false teaching as demonic; frames False Teaching pastorally as a spiritual battle. Native-speaker review for tone (avoid folkloric drift), not softening of the claim.
Forbidding Marriage And Foods
Approved rendering: tiltják a házasságot és bizonyos ételektől való megtartózkodást
Transliteration: kōlyontōn gamein, apechesthai brōmatōn
Doctrine: False Asceticism
Original: κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:3. Condemns a false teaching that marriage/food are inherently impure — NOT celibacy or fasting as voluntary, Scripturally-commended disciplines (1 Corinthians 7). Requires explicit pastoral note distinguishing this from Catholic priestly/religious celibacy, which is not the text’s target.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: a jó hitvallás
Transliteration: kalē homologia
Doctrine: Fight the Good Fight and the Good Confession
Original: καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:12-13. Directly parallels Romans 10:9’s mandated verbatim rendering (‘Jézus az Úr’); cross-reference explicitly wherever this doctrine is taught.
Lead Manage
Approved rendering: vezet / elöljár
Transliteration: proistēmi
Doctrine: Household Management as Leadership Analogy
Rejected alternatives: forgolódik (Károli 1908; largely opaque to modern readers — FLAGGED DEPARTURE, use the modern intelligible verb instead)
Original: προΐστημι
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:4, 5, 12; 5:17. Render consistently across all four occurrences so the household-church leadership analogy remains visible in Hungarian; departure from Károli’s archaic ‘forgolódik’ is deliberate.
Submission
Approved rendering: alárendeltség / engedelmesség
Transliteration: hypotagē
Doctrine: Women in Ministry and Worship
Original: ὑποταγή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:11 (women’s posture in the assembly) and 3:4 (household order) — same Hungarian root applied to two structurally different referents, each independently subject to a live complementarian/egalitarian debate internal to both major Hungarian traditions. Treat as separate flagged occurrences; do not let one doctrine note silently answer for both.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: feddhetetlen / kifogástalan
Transliteration: anepilēmptos / anegklētos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2 (‘feddhetetlen’), 3:10 (‘kifogástalan’). Must not imply sinless perfection, which would create tension with universal human sinfulness (Romans 3:23) — this is reputational/behavioral integrity.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: egy feleség férje
Transliteration: mias gynaikos andra
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Rejected alternatives: csak egyszer házasodott férfi (expansion that resolves the disputed monogamy/fidelity/no-remarriage debate — FORBIDDEN)
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα / ἄνδρες
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2, 12. Render literally; resist all expansion. Mandatory theologian review given the pastoral consequences for both traditions’ ordination practice.
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: tanításra alkalmas
Transliteration: didaktikos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Rejected alternatives: jó beszédű (loses the teaching-competency and doctrinal-defense sense)
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2. Directly ties the overseer’s office to the Sound Doctrine doctrine.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: örök élet
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Fight the Good Fight and the Good Confession
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:12, 19. Cross-reference the baseline’s Critical Assurance of Salvation doctrine, since ‘taking hold’ of eternal life sits differently within Reformed assurance-of-perseverance categories than within Catholic hope-pending-final-perseverance categories.
Good Fight Of Faith
Approved rendering: harcold meg a hit szép harcát
Transliteration: agōnizou ton kalon agōna tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Fight the Good Fight and the Good Confession
Original: ἀγωνίζου τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:12 (cf. 1:18-19). Reuses baseline ‘hit.’ Cross-reference the baseline’s Critical Assurance of Salvation entry without resolving it; ‘harc’ language, read through either tradition’s assurance framework, could otherwise imply faith’s outcome is uncertain and effort-dependent.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: elhívott
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. No direct lexical occurrence in 1 Timothy as a noun; conceptually present in 4:14’s ordination language. Retained for library consistency.
Adoption
Approved rendering: örökbefogadás
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency across the curriculum.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:2 pairs it with grace and mercy in the greeting formula, per Pauline convention.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: lelki ajándékok
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (plural). 1 Timothy 4:14 uses the singular χάρισμα for Timothy’s own ministry gift; render the singular occurrence ‘kegyelmi ajándék,’ keeping the same root family. NEVER render as ‘karizma’ (a false-friend in contemporary Hungarian usage denoting personal charisma/charm).
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 3:5, 15; 5:16. Combines with ‘Isten’ at 3:5, 15 — see new terms ‘church_of_god’ and ‘household_of_god.‘
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Isten országa
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package. No direct phrase occurrence in 1 Timothy; 6:15’s ‘King of kings’ is conceptually related — see new term ‘king_of_kings.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: bűn
Transliteration: hamartia / hamartōlos
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:9, 15 (‘foremost of sinners,’ a frequently cited devotional formula in both Hungarian traditions, must be rendered identically wherever it recurs) and 5:20-24 (public/hidden sin).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pogányok
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 2:7 and 3:16 both favor the neutral ‘nemzetek’ (nations) sense per the baseline’s own guidance, since neither verse carries the pejorative ‘pagan’ connotation of ‘pogányok.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:11, 1:17, 3:16. The 1:17 doxology and 3:16’s ‘taken up in glory’ (see new term ‘christ_hymn_proclamation’) bracket the letter’s central creedal material.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Isten ereje
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Providence
Approved rendering: gondviselés
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Mission
Approved rendering: misszió
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually present at 2:1-7 and 3:7; no direct lexical occurrence.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Dávid leszármazottja
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Mercy
Approved rendering: irgalom
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Grace and Mercy in Paul’s Conversion
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:2, 13, 16; 6:21 (paired with grace). Distinct from ‘kegyelem’ (grace); Hungarian theological usage distinguishes God’s merciful disposition (irgalom) from the unmerited gift itself (kegyelem). Must not be conflated.
Contentment
Approved rendering: megelégedés
Transliteration: autarkeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: autarkia (transliteration, breaks formal register and imports ‘foreign philosophy’ framing)
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:6, 8. Reframes a Stoic ethical ideal in explicitly God-dependent theological terms; must not be taught as Stoic self-mastery achieved by will-power alone.
Love
Approved rendering: szeretet
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Godliness
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:11 virtue list. Not present in the Romans baseline; low internal Hungarian denominational conflict, but doctrinally central enough to require a formal, consistent entry.
Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: hamis névvel nevezett ismeret
Transliteration: pseudōnymos gnōsis
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: gnózis (transliteration; anachronistically reads later, fully systematized Gnosticism back into Paul’s moment), áltudomány (Károli 1908; in contemporary Hungarian ‘tudomány’ has narrowed almost exclusively to mean modern empirical science, so ‘áltudomány’ now reads as ‘pseudoscience’ — a false-friend risk absent from the Greek, FORBIDDEN)
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:20. Early anti-Gnostic polemic; must never be rendered with ‘tudomány’/‘áltudomány,’ which in modern Hungarian usage would misread this as a warning against science itself.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: kétszeres tisztesség
Transliteration: diplē timē
Doctrine: Elder Leadership and Church Governance
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:17. Ambiguous in both Greek and Hungarian between honor (esteem) and honorarium (material remuneration); preserve the ambiguity rather than forcing one sense.
Testing For Office
Approved rendering: próbára tétel / megvizsgálás
Transliteration: dokimazō
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:10. Metallurgical background image (testing metal’s purity); establishes a process of examination prior to appointment, relevant to ordination-process questions across both traditions, though the text prescribes no fixed liturgical form.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: Isten háza / Isten háznépe
Transliteration: oikos theou
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:15. ‘Isten háza’ in colloquial modern Hungarian can drift toward meaning a physical church building; prefer ‘Isten háznépe’ where the relational/familial sense needs reinforcing, complementing the ‘pillar_of_truth’ entry.
Good Testimony
Approved rendering: jó hírnév
Transliteration: martyria kalē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: μαρτυρία καλή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:7. Names a missional as well as pastoral concern — the overseer’s credibility with outsiders matters for the church’s witness.
Petition
Approved rendering: könyörgés
Transliteration: deēsis
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: δέησις
Category: Prayer
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:1, one of four overlapping congregational prayer terms (alongside ‘imádság,’ baseline ‘közbenjárás,’ baseline ‘hálaadás’); preserve the fourfold list distinctly rather than collapsing into a single generic word for prayer.
Seared Conscience
Approved rendering: kiégetett lelkiismeretűek
Transliteration: kekaustēriasmenōn tēn idian syneidēsin
Doctrine: Conscience and Integrity
Original: κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:2. Reuses ‘lelkiismeret’; describes a conscience that has lost capacity to warn. Contemporary colloquial Hungarian ‘kiégett’ primarily means occupational burnout — a false-friend risk; retain the branding-iron image explicitly in teaching notes.
Myths And Genealogies
Approved rendering: mondák és véget nem érő nemzetségtáblázatok
Transliteration: mythoi kai genealogiai aperantoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:4. Historically specific content-description, not a general polemic against all tradition or historical study; keep concrete rather than abstract.
Handed Over To Satan
Approved rendering: átadta a Sátánnak
Transliteration: paradidōmi tō Satana
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παραδίδωμι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:20 (cf. 1 Corinthians 5:5). Names a concrete disciplinary consequence, grounding church discipline as ordinary, expected practice; native speaker review for tone given the serious, unfamiliar-sounding language.
Doxology Titles Of God
Approved rendering: az örökkévalóság Királya, a halhatatlan, láthatatlan, egyedül való Isten
Transliteration: basilei tōn aiōnōn, aphthartō, aoratō, monō theō
Doctrine: Doctrine of God’s Attributes
Original: βασιλεῖ τῶν αἰώνων, ἀφθάρτῳ, ἀοράτῳ, μόνῳ θεῷ / ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον
Category: God
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:17. Shared, low-internal-conflict doctrine of God’s transcendence across both Hungarian traditions; reuses baseline ‘Isten’ exactly.
Civil Authorities
Approved rendering: királyok és minden feljebbvalóság
Transliteration: basileis kai pantes hoi en hyperochē ontes
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: βασιλεῖς καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ὄντες
Category: Prayer
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:2. Parallels the baseline’s Medium-flagged government/authority sensitivity from Romans 13.
Modest Apparel
Approved rendering: tisztességes öltözet / tisztességes viselkedés
Transliteration: kosmios, katastolē
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: κόσμιος, καταστολή
Category: Prayer
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:9-10. Genuinely time- and culture-bound instruction; native speaker review with contextualizing note distinguishing the timeless principle (heart-orientation over ostentation) from first-century dress-code particulars.
Christ Hymn Proclamation
Approved rendering: megjelent az angyaloknak / hirdették a nemzetek között / hittek benne a világon / felvitetett dicsőségben
Transliteration: ōphthē angelois, ekērychthē en ethnesin, episteuthē en kosmō, anelēmphthē en doxē
Doctrine: Mystery of Godliness and the Christ Hymn
Original: ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις, ἐκηρύχθη ἐν ἔθνεσιν, ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ, ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:16, four lines of the creedal hymn. Prefer ‘nemzetek’ over ‘pogányok’ for the neutral ‘nations’ sense; reuses baseline ‘dicsőség’ exactly in the final line.
Accusation Against Elder
Approved rendering: vád
Transliteration: katēgoria
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: κατηγορία
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:19. Formal charge requiring two or three witnesses per the Deuteronomic legal standard; establishes due-process protection for elders.
Public Rebuke
Approved rendering: a vétkezőket mindenki előtt fedd meg
Transliteration: tous hamartanontas enōpion pantōn elegche
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:20. Reuses baseline ‘bűn’; public accountability specifically for leaders, deterring favoritism.
Leadership Character Virtues
Approved rendering: mértékletes / megfontolt / tisztességes / vendégszerető / engedékeny / békeszerető / mértéktelen ivó / erőszakos / kétszínű / haszonleső
Transliteration: nēphalios, sōphrōn, kosmios, philoxenos, epieikēs, amachos, paroinos, plēktēs, dilogos, aischrokerdēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: νηφάλιος, σώφρων, κόσμιος, φιλόξενος, ἐπιεικής, ἄμαχος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, δίλογος, αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
NEW consolidated entry. 1 Timothy 3:2-3, 8. A cluster of character/vice-virtue terms defining the letter’s character-over-charisma standard for both overseers and deacons; translate with internally consistent registers across both verse groups.
Recent Convert
Approved rendering: újonnan megtért
Transliteration: neophytos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:6. Establishes that spiritual maturity, not merely doctrinal correctness, is required for oversight, guarding against premature elevation.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: az ördög kárhozata / az ördög csapdája
Transliteration: krima tou diabolou / pagis tou diabolou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου / παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:6-7. The 3:6 genitive is genuinely ambiguous (the judgment the devil fell under, or a judgment the devil brings about); preserve as ambiguous rather than resolving. Frames unqualified leadership as a spiritual-warfare risk, not merely administrative.
Divine Transcendence
Approved rendering: aki egyedül halhatatlan, megközelíthetetlen fényben lakik
Transliteration: ho monos echōn athanasian, phōs oikōn aprositon
Doctrine: Doctrine of God’s Attributes
Original: ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον
Category: God
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:16. Shared, low-internal-conflict doctrine of God’s transcendence across both Hungarian traditions.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:1; 2:7. Grounds Paul’s authority to write the letter’s church-order instructions, underwriting the legitimacy of the Qualifications for Church Leadership material.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: hálaadás
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 2:1, one of the fourfold prayer list; see new term ‘petition’ for the other three list items.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: közösség
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Prophet
Approved rendering: próféta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy as a noun for a person; retained for library consistency.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prófécia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:18 and 4:14; the latter ties prophecy to Timothy’s own ordination — see new term ‘laying_on_of_hands.‘
David
Approved rendering: Dávid
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Timothy; retained for library consistency.
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō / parangelia
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω / παραγγελία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 4:13, 5:1, 6:2. 5:1’s application to correcting an older man ‘as a father’ shows the term’s pastoral gentleness even in a corrective context.
Good Work
Approved rendering: jó munka
Transliteration: kalon ergon
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: καλὸν ἔργον
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:1. Must not imply meritorious works that earn standing before God, which would collide with the baseline’s Critical grace/justification entries.
Elect Angels
Approved rendering: kiválasztott angyalok
Transliteration: eklektōn angelōn
Doctrine: Elect Angels (Incidental Reference)
Original: ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων
Category: God
NEW (this specific occurrence). 1 Timothy 5:21. Shares the root of the baseline’s Critical ‘kiválasztás’ term-family but carries no soteriological weight here; flagged for translator awareness only, not elevated review.
Referenced passages