Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Luke (English–Hungarian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all 24 chapters of Luke. It is organized by the eight curriculum doctrines, followed by a section of terms reused verbatim from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json, and a final section of new terms proposed for addition to the Language Package’s translation memory (to be formally registered in a subsequent Phase 1 step).
Risk tier legend (per baseline convention): Critical = human theologian review required, every occurrence; High = human theologian review required; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline Translation Memory
These terms MUST use the identical Hungarian rendering already recorded in the baseline. No new argument is required unless Luke introduces a new risk dimension (noted in the “Luke-specific note” column).
| English Term | Hungarian (baseline-locked) | Risk | Key Luke Passages | Luke-specific note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | evangélium | High | 1:19 (implicit); 4:18; 9:6; 20:1 | Verb form εὐαγγελίζομαι (4:18) treated as new item below; noun usage reuses baseline exactly |
| Grace | kegyelem | Critical | 1:30; 2:40; 2:52; 4:22 | See κεχαριτωμένη (1:28) below — a NEW, sharper Marian-devotion collision beyond baseline scope |
| Faith | hit | High | 5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:25, 48, 50; 17:5-6, 19; 18:8, 42; 22:32 | Central to “Table Fellowship” and healing narratives; no new risk beyond baseline |
| Righteousness | igazság | Critical | 1:75; 18:14 (via δικαιόω) | Ties directly into δικαιόω, listed as new item below |
| Justification | megigazulás | Critical | 18:14 | Direct load-bearing link: Luke 18:14 uses the same forensic root as Romans 3-5; MUST use identical Hungarian verb root |
| Salvation | üdvösség | Critical | 1:69, 71, 77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9-10 | Massively present; ties directly to σῴζω/σωτηρία word family throughout |
| Apostle | apostol | Low | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 | No new risk |
| Called / Calling | elhívott / elhívás | Medium | 5:32 (implicit call of sinners); 6:13 (calling of the Twelve) | Less doctrinally load-bearing than in Romans 8-9; retains baseline caution |
| Holy | szent | Medium | 1:15, 35, 41, 49, 67, 72; 2:23, 25; 4:1, 34; 9:26; 11:13 | Extremely frequent (Holy Spirit doctrine); no new risk |
| Resurrection | feltámadás | Critical | 9:22; 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:6-7, 34, 46 | Central to book’s climax; no new risk |
| Lord | Úr | Critical | 1:6, 9, 11, 15-17, 25, 28, 32, 38, 43, 45-46, 58, 66, 68, 76; 2:9, 11, 15, 23, 26, 29, 39; 4:8, 12, 18-19; 5:8, 12; 6:5, 46; 7:6, 13, 19; 9:54, 59, 61; 10:1, 17, 39-41; 11:1, 39; 12:41-42; 13:15, 23, 25, 35; 14:22-23; 17:5-6, 37; 18:6, 41; 19:8, 16, 18, 20, 25, 31, 34, 38; 20:37, 42, 44; 22:33, 38, 49, 61; 24:3, 34 | Highest-frequency Critical term in the book; absolute consistency required |
| Son of God | Isten Fia | Critical | 1:32, 35; 3:22, 38 (contrast); 4:3, 9, 41; 8:28; 9:35; 22:70 | Must remain lexically distinct from new item “Son of Man” (Emberfia) below |
| Incarnation | megtestesülés | High | 1:31-35; 2:6-7 | Underlies the entire infancy narrative |
| Peace | béke | Medium | 1:79; 2:14, 29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38, 42; 24:36 | No new risk |
| Thanksgiving | hálaadás | Low | 2:38 (implicit); 17:16; 18:11 (contrast); 22:17, 19 | No new risk |
| Fellowship | közösség | Low | 5:29-30; 7:34, 36-50; 15:1-2; 19:5-7 | Directly reinforced by “Table Fellowship with Sinners” doctrine |
| Church | egyház | Medium | — (term ἐκκλησία does not occur in Luke’s Gospel; reserved for Acts) | No occurrence in Luke; retained here for cross-document consistency only |
| Kingdom of God | Isten országa | Medium | 4:43; 6:20; 7:28; 8:1, 10; 9:2, 60, 62; 10:9, 11; 11:20; 12:31; 13:18, 20, 28-29; 14:15; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-17, 24-25, 29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16, 18; 23:42 (implicit) | The single most frequent doctrinal term in Luke; anchors “Kingdom of God Present and Future” |
| Law | törvény | High | 2:22-24, 27, 39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44 | No new risk beyond baseline |
| Sin | bűn | Medium | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24, 32; 6:32-34, 37; 7:37, 39, 47-49; 11:4; 13:2; 15:1-2, 7, 10, 18, 21; 17:3-4; 18:13; 19:7; 24:47 | Extremely frequent; underlies repentance/forgiveness doctrine |
| Gentiles / Nations | pogányok / nemzetek | Medium | 2:32; 18:32 (pogányok, contrastive); 21:24; 24:47 (nemzetek, universal) | Translator choice-point flagged repeatedly: use nemzetek in universal/missionary contexts (2:32; 24:47), pogányok in contrastive/negative contexts (18:32; 21:24) |
| Glory | dicsőség | Medium/High | 2:9, 14, 32; 9:26, 31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 24:26 | No new risk |
| Power of God | Isten ereje | Medium | 1:35; 4:14; 24:49 | Forms a deliberate literary frame (opening/closing of the Gospel) |
| Messiah | Messiás | Critical | 2:11, 26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2, 35, 39; 24:26, 46 | No new risk; central Christological title throughout |
| Prophet | próféta | Low | 1:76; 4:24, 27; 6:23; 7:16, 26, 39; 9:8, 19; 11:47, 49-50; 13:33-34; 16:16, 29, 31; 20:6; 24:19, 25, 27 | No new risk |
| Prophecy | prófécia | Low | 1:67-79 (Zechariah’s prophecy); 24:25-27, 44 | No new risk |
| Covenant | szövetség | Critical | 1:72; 22:20 | Direct load-bearing link: 22:20’s “new covenant” is the Language Package’s single highest doctrinal-density verse (see σῶμα/αἷμα below) |
| Election / Elect | kiválasztás | Medium-High | 18:7 (“his elect”) | Less central than in Romans 9-11 but still touches the same Catholic-Reformed fault line; treat with same caution |
| Providence | gondviselés | Medium | 12:6-7, 22-31; 21:18; 22:22 | No new risk |
| Mission | misszió | Medium | 9:1-6; 10:1-12; 24:47-49 | Central to Great Commission material |
| David | Dávid | Low | 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4, 11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | No new risk |
| Israel | Izrael | Low | 1:16, 54, 68, 80; 2:25, 32, 34; 4:25, 27; 7:9; 22:30; 24:21 | No new risk |
| Jesus | Jézus | Critical | (passim, hundreds of occurrences) | No new risk |
| God | Isten | Critical | (passim, hundreds of occurrences) | No new risk |
| Holy Spirit | Szentlélek | Critical | 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25-27; 3:16, 22; 4:1, 14, 18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10, 12; 24:49 | Central to “The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History” doctrine — highest-density thematic term in the curriculum |
| Father | Atya | Critical | 2:49; 6:36; 9:26; 10:21-22; 11:2, 13; 15:12, 18-22, 27-31; 22:29, 42; 23:34, 46; 24:49 | Reinforced by Lord’s Prayer (11:2) and Prodigal Son (ch.15) |
| Exhort | buzdítani | Low | (minor occurrences in teaching material) | No new risk |
| Seed of David | Dávid leszármazottja | Medium | 1:27, 32; 2:4; 3:31 | No new risk |
| Imputed Righteousness | beszámított igazság | Critical | (conceptual background to 18:14, not a direct verbal parallel) | Cited for doctrinal cross-reference only; primary Luke term is δικαιόω (see justification, above) |
B. New Terms Introduced by Luke (Proposed Additions to Translation Memory)
| English Term | Original Greek | Hungarian Rendering (proposed) | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favored one / full of grace | κεχαριτωμένη | kegyelmet nyert / kegyelemben részesült (NOT “kegyelemmel teljes”) | Critical | Grace / Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:28 | Directly collides with the Catholic Ave Maria liturgical formula “kegyelemmel teljes” (Hail Mary full of grace), central to Hungary’s strong national Marian devotion (Patrona Hungariae); Reformed tradition rejects any reading implying Mary possesses/mediates grace. Must describe received favor, not possessed/dispensed grace |
| Anointed | χρίω / ἔχρισέν | felken / felkent | Critical | Messianic Promise | 4:18 | Root of Χριστός; must retain full messianic-office weight, never softened to generic blessing |
| Proclaim good news (verb) | εὐαγγελίζομαι | hirdetni az evangéliumot / jó hírt hirdetni | High | Gospel | 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18, 43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1 | Verbal cognate of baseline “evangélium”; risk of flattening to generic “jó hírt mond” |
| Poor | πτωχός | szegény(ek) | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:20, 22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | Must hold together literal economic poverty and spiritual dependence; risk of one-sided reading in either direction |
| Proclaim/preach (herald) | κηρύσσω | hirdetni | Medium | Gospel | 4:18-19, 44; 8:1, 39; 9:2; 12:3; 24:47 | Herald/public-announcement register, distinct from teaching (διδάσκω) |
| Release / liberty / forgiveness | ἄφεσις | szabadulás (liberty sense) / bűnök bocsánata (forgiveness sense) — both from ONE Greek word | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins / Good News to the Poor | 1:77; 3:3; 4:18; 24:47 | No single Hungarian word carries both senses; mandatory translator’s note at every occurrence to preserve the Jubilee-liberty/forgiveness wordplay |
| Captive | αἰχμάλωτος | fogoly / rab | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18 | Literal-exile and spiritual-bondage double reference |
| Oppressed / broken | τεθραυσμένος (θραύω) | megtört(ek) / elnyomottak | Medium-High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18 | Marginalized/crushed sense, not merely physical injury |
| Acceptable/favorable year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | az Úr kegyelmi esztendeje / az Úr kedves esztendeje | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized / Kingdom of God | 4:19 | Requires mandatory Jubilee (Leviticus 25) background note; risk of being read as vague poetic flourish |
| Today (theological) | σήμερον | Ma (emphatic) | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 2:11; 4:21; 5:26; 19:5, 9; 23:43 | Luke’s “today of salvation” motif; must preserve emphatic, declarative force |
| Fulfilled | πληρόω / πεπλήρωται | beteljesedett | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:20; 4:21; 21:22, 24; 22:16; 24:44 | Perfect-tense “stands fulfilled” force must not be reduced to simple past |
| Compassion (moved with) | σπλαγχνίζομαι | megesik a szíve / könyörületre indul | High | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | Visceral, decisively-acting compassion; must not flatten to mild pity |
| Repentance | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | megtérés / megtér | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 16:30; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Direct Catholic (sacramental confession/Penance) vs. Reformed (inward, non-sacramental turning) fault line; do not import either system |
| Redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | megváltás / megszabadítás | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 1:68; 2:38; 21:28; 24:21 | Ransom-price nuance distinct from, but related to, baseline “üdvösség” |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | Üdvözítő (Language Package standard) | Critical | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 1:47; 2:11 | Hungarian Bible tradition itself is split at this exact word: Károli/Reformed tradition = “Megtartó”; Catholic (Szent István Társulat) tradition = “Üdvözítő.” Language Package selects “Üdvözítő” for root-consistency with baseline “üdvösség”; note the Reformed alternative without switching mid-curriculum |
| Tender mercy | σπλάγχνα ἐλέους | könyörületes irgalom | Medium | Jesus’ Compassion | 1:78 | Reinforces distinction between ἔλεος (irgalom) and χάρις (kegyelem) |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | irgalom / könyörületesség | Medium-High | Jesus’ Compassion | 1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78; 6:36; 10:37; 17:13; 18:38-39 | Must be kept lexically distinct from baseline “kegyelem” (reserved for χάρις) |
| Blessed | μακάριος | boldog | Medium | Kingdom of God / Good News to the Poor | 1:45; 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:28; 12:37-38, 43; 14:14-15; 23:29 | Pronounced divine verdict, not present emotional happiness |
| Neighbor | πλησίον | felebarát / embertárs | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 10:27, 29, 36 | Radically redefined beyond ethnic/religious boundary — parallels baseline’s Jew-Gentile unity doctrine |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης | szamaritánus | Medium | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 9:52-56; 10:33; 17:16 | Requires Jewish-Samaritan hostility background note |
| Sinner | ἁμαρτωλός | bűnös | High | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:8, 30, 32; 6:32-34; 7:34, 37, 39; 15:1-2, 7, 10; 18:13; 19:7 | Technical social-outcast category, not merely private morality |
| Tax collector | τελώνης | vámos / adószedő | Medium | Table Fellowship with Sinners / Good News to the Poor | 3:12; 5:27, 29-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2 | Socially despised occupation; stigma background note required |
| Lost | ἀπολωλός / ἀπόλλυμι | elveszett | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 15:4, 6, 9, 17, 24, 32; 19:10 | Consistency-critical across three parables and 19:10’s summary verse |
| Joy | χαρά | öröm | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 15:7, 10, 32; 24:41, 52 | Heaven’s/the Father’s joy over recovered sinners, not generic happiness |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | Emberfia | Critical | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7 | Daniel 7 heavenly-authority title; must not collapse into generic “ember” or be confused with “Isten Fia” |
| Take up his cross (daily) | ἄρας τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ | vegye fel keresztjét (naponta) | High | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 9:23; 14:27 | Luke’s unique “daily” (καθ᾽ ἡμέραν) qualifier must be preserved |
| Deny himself | ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν | megtagadja önmagát | Medium | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 9:23 | Total self-renunciation, paired with cross-bearing |
| Prayer / to pray | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι | imádság / imádkozik | High | Prayer and Dependence on God | 1:13; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18, 28-29; 11:1-4, 9-13; 18:1, 10-13; 19:46; 20:47; 22:41-46 | Filial, covenantal address to the Father, modeled on Jesus’ own prayer life |
| Daily bread | ἄρτος ἐπιούσιος | mindennapi kenyér | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 11:3 | Established liturgical phrase; low ambiguity |
| Anxiety/worry | μεριμνάω | aggodalmaskodik | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 10:41; 12:11, 22-26, 29 | Anxious self-provision contrasted with trusting dependence |
| Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα | a Szentlélek elleni káromlás | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 12:10 | Willful, hardened rejection of the Spirit’s testimony |
| Kingdom of God within/among you | ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν | köztetek / az életetekben van jelen (favored) vs. bennetek (alternative, must be noted) | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 17:21 | Genuine “within you” (individualistic) vs. “among you” (corporate/Christological) translation crux with major doctrinal consequences |
| Your faith has saved/healed you | ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε | megmentett/meggyógyított téged a hited | High | Faith / Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 8:48; 17:19; 18:42 | Deliberate physical-and-spiritual double meaning, parallel to ἄφεσις |
| Hades | Ἅδης | a holtak birodalma / az alvilág (avoid bare “Hádész”) | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 16:23 | Hungary-specific classical-mythology collision risk unique among this pipeline’s target languages |
| Body (Eucharistic) | σῶμα | test (“ez az én testem”) | Critical | (new doctrinal category: Lord’s Supper, adjacent to Repentance/Forgiveness and Kingdom doctrines) | 22:19 | Direct Catholic transubstantiation vs. Reformed spiritual-real-presence collision; translate plainly, leave doctrine to teaching notes |
| Blood (Eucharistic) | αἷμα | vér (“ez az én vérem”) | Critical | (Lord’s Supper) | 22:20 | Same collision as σῶμα |
| New covenant (Eucharistic) | ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη | új szövetség (reuse of baseline “szövetség”) | Critical | (Lord’s Supper, extends baseline Covenant doctrine) | 22:20 | Highest doctrinal-density verse pairing in Luke; combines baseline covenant risk with new sacramental risk |
| Paradise | παράδεισος | Paradicsom | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 23:43 | Immediate-presence-with-Christ language engages the Catholic purgatorial intermediate-state doctrine; translate plainly, without qualification |
| Opened (minds/scriptures) | διανοίγω | megnyitotta (értelmüket / az Írásokat) | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 24:31-32, 45 | Climactic completion of the core passage’s “today this scripture is fulfilled” |
| Breaking of the bread | κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου | a kenyér megtörése | Critical | (Lord’s Supper, extends 22:19-20) | 24:35 | Reuses Eucharistic sacramental sensitivity from ch. 22 |
| Witnesses | μάρτυς | tanúk | Medium | Mission to the Nations | 24:48 | Grounds gospel proclamation in eyewitness testimony |
| Promise of the Father | ἐπαγγελία τοῦ πατρός | Atyám ígérete | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 24:49 | Bridges Gospel to Acts; reuses baseline “Atya” |
| Power from on high | δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους | felülről jövő erő | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 24:49 | Deliberate literary frame with 1:35; 4:14, 18 |
| Justified (verbal, Luke 18:14) | δικαιόω | megigazul (verb form of baseline “megigazulás”) | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 18:14 | Must use same root as baseline noun for cross-curriculum consistency |
| Transfigured | (event; μεταμορφόω word-family) | megdicsőül / elváltozik | Critical | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Deity/Sonship) | 9:28-36 | Visible disclosure of Christ’s hidden glory; ties to baseline dicsőség/Isten Fia |
| Overshadow | ἐπισκιάζω | beárnyékol | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:35 | Shekinah-cloud presence echo; grounds Incarnation doctrine |
| Betray/hand over | παραδίδωμι | elárul / kiszolgáltat | Medium-High | (Providence, adjacent doctrine) | 22:4, 6, 21-22, 48 | Divine sovereignty operating through culpable human betrayal |
| Crucify | σταυρόω | megfeszít | Critical | (extends Resurrection/Cost of Discipleship doctrines) | 23:21, 23, 33 | Historical referent underlying all metaphorical “cross” discipleship language |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (Hungarian) |
|---|---|
| Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor) | Üdvözítő, megváltás, elveszett, Emberfia, felebarát, szamaritánus, nemzetek/pogányok, gazdag/szegény |
| The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Szentlélek, beárnyékol, az Úr Lelke, felkent, a Szentlélek elleni káromlás, felülről jövő erő |
| Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | szegény, fogoly, vak, megtört(ek), az Úr kegyelmi esztendeje, szabadulás |
| Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | megtérés, bűnök bocsánata, megigazul, öröm, bűnös |
| Prayer and Dependence on God | imádság, mindennapi kenyér, aggodalmaskodik, imádság háza |
| The Kingdom of God Present and Future | Isten országa, köztetek/bennetek, Ma (beteljesedett), Paradicsom, holtak birodalma |
| The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | vegye fel keresztjét, megtagadja önmagát, tanítvány, követ, megfeszít |
| Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | megesik a szíve, bűnös, vámos, közösség, irgalom, ez az én testem/vérem |
This glossary extends, but never contradicts, the baseline Romans Language Package. Section A terms are locked exactly as recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json. Section B terms are proposed for formal addition to the Language Package’s translation memory and doctrine risk registry in the next Phase 1 step, following the same risk-tier and review-routing conventions established by the baseline.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 1:30; 2:40,52; 4:22 reuse this exactly; see the new term favored_one (κεχαριτωμένη, 1:28) for a sharper, Luke-specific Marian-devotion collision not present in Romans.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 1:75; 18:14 (via δικαιόω, see justified_verb) ties this term directly to the forensic-declaration doctrine carried forward from Romans.
Justification
Approved rendering: megigazulás
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: fokozatos belső megszentelődés kizárólag, jogi kijelentés nélkül (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s Gospel does not use this exact noun; 18:14’s verb δικαιόω (‘went down justified’) MUST use the identical Hungarian root — see justified_verb.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent in Luke (1:69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9-10) and interwoven with the σῴζω word family (see lost, faith_has_saved_healed); the Hungarian Bible-tradition split between ‘Üdvözítő’ and ‘Megtartó’ for the title σωτήρ (see savior_title) must not fracture the lexical unity with this root term.
Calling
Approved rendering: elhívás
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ellenállhatatlan elhívás mint kizárólagos érvényes olvasat, katolikus szinergizmus kizárásával
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s underlying call-of-sinners narrative pattern (5:27-32; 19:1-10) still touches the same Reformed/Catholic calling fault line documented in the baseline.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Luke’s climax (9:22; 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:6-7,34,46); the Sadducee controversy (20:27-38) is doctrinally preparatory to, but distinct from, Christ’s own resurrection narrated in ch.24.
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Jehova (Jehovah’s Witness NWT-hu practice of substituting ‘Jehova’ for ‘Úr’ in Old Testament citations within Luke’s text, e.g. 20:41-44’s Psalm 110 quotation, to blunt Jesus’ lordship argument — must never be echoed)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Single highest-frequency Critical term in Luke (used well over 100 times); absolute translation-memory consistency essential given the density of occurrences across narration, angelic speech, and direct address.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Isten Fia
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isten fia általános értelemben, minden hívőre alkalmazva
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must remain lexically and doctrinally distinct from the new title son_of_man (Emberfia).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messiás
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central Christological title throughout Luke (2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46); directly reinforced by anointed (χρίω, 4:18), the verbal root of this title.
Covenant
Approved rendering: szövetség
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: szövetség kizárólag jogi vagy politikai szerződésként
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 22:20’s ‘new covenant’ combines this baseline Critical fault line with the new Eucharistic body/blood collision — see new_covenant_eucharistic — making this the single highest doctrinal-density verse pairing in Luke.
Election
Approved rendering: kiválasztás
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: kiválasztás, mely emberi együttműködés nélkül értelmezhetetlen (szinergista olvasat kényszerítése), kiválasztás mint szabad akarat nélküli, vak végzet (fatalista félreolvasás)
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 18:7’s ‘his elect’ touches the same Catholic synergistic vs. Reformed double-predestination fault line documented extensively in the Romans baseline, though a single occurrence rather than a sustained argument.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk; used passim throughout Luke.
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk; used passim throughout Luke.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: szellem (Csia-fordítás idioszinkratikus megoldása; szekuláris/népi-hiedelmi mellékjelentésekkel — kísértetek, házi szellemek — soha nem használható a πνεῦμα ἅγιον fordítására)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Luke’s distinctive salvation-history narrative role (1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49) — the highest-density thematic term in this curriculum.
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforced by the Lord’s Prayer (11:2) and the Prodigal Son parable (15:12,18-22,27-31).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: beszámított igazság
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: befogadott/beoltott igazság mint kizárólag belső átalakulás (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Cited in Luke only as doctrinal cross-reference background to 18:14’s justification scene; no direct verbal parallel occurs in Luke’s Gospel text itself.
Favored One
Approved rendering: kegyelmet nyert / kegyelemben részesült
Transliteration: kecharitōmenē
Doctrine: Incarnation and the Virgin Conception
Rejected alternatives: kegyelemmel teljes (Ave Maria/Üdvözlégy liturgikus formula; a görög passzív particípiumot ‘birtoklássá’ alakítja, és importálja a katolikus Mária-tiszteletet, mint a szöveg egyetlen jelentését)
Original: κεχαριτωμένη
Category: Salvation
Directly collides with the Catholic liturgical Ave Maria/Üdvözlégy formula ‘kegyelemmel teljes,’ central to Hungary’s national Marian devotion (Patrona Hungariae, Regnum Marianum). Hungarian Reformed tradition resists any rendering suggesting Mary possesses/dispenses grace. Must describe received favor, not possessed grace. Luke 1:28.
Anointed
Approved rendering: felkent
Transliteration: echrisen (χρίω)
Doctrine: Messianic Anointing and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: megáldott (generic blessing, loses the messianic-office content)
Original: χρίω / ἔχρισέν
Category: Christology
Root of Χριστός (Christ/Messiah); Jesus’ self-identification as the Isaianic Anointed One. Must never be softened to a generic blessing or reduced to a ritual gesture. Luke 4:18.
Release Forgiveness
Approved rendering: szabadulás / bűnök bocsánata
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Jubilee Liberty and the ἄφεσις Wordplay (Release/Forgiveness)
Rejected alternatives: egy mesterségesen alkotott új szó, amely mindkét jelentést egyesíti (neologizmus, amely ismeretlen, figyelemelvonó szókincset hozna létre)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
The single highest-risk lexical item in the core passage. No single Hungarian word carries both the Jubilee-liberation sense (Leviticus 25) and the forgiveness sense as Greek ἄφεσις does. A translator’s note is mandatory at every occurrence. Luke 1:77; 3:3; 4:18; 24:47.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: beteljesedett
Transliteration: peplērōtai (πληρόω)
Doctrine: Messianic Anointing and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: megtörtént (egyszerű múlt idő, elveszti a ‘beteljesedve áll’ fennmaradó, prófétai súlyt)
Original: πληρόω (πεπλήρωται)
Category: Covenant
Jesus’ direct, unmediated claim to be the fulfillment of Isaiah’s messianic/Jubilee prophecy — the hinge of the core passage. The perfect-tense force must not be reduced to a simple past. Luke 1:20; 4:21; 21:22,24; 22:16; 24:44.
Repentance
Approved rendering: megtérés / megtér
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: szentgyónás/szentségi bűnbánat mint az egyetlen érvényes forma (katolikus szentségi Penance kizárólagos formaként importálva), kizárólag belső emocionális bánat, gyümölcs nélkül (μεταμέλεια-jellegű, kizárólag érzelmi olvasat)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance
CRITICAL Catholic-Reformed fault line comparable in weight to baseline’s justification. Catholic tradition formalizes repentance within the sacrament of Penance/Reconciliation (szentgyónás); Hungarian Reformed tradition holds repentance as inward, Spirit-wrought turning not mediated through sacramental confession. Luke’s own ‘changed life bearing fruit’ sense (3:8) must be preserved without importing either system. Luke 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 16:30; 17:3-4; 24:47.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Üdvözítő
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: Megtartó (a Károli/Református hagyomány megoldása; érvényes, de e Nyelvi Csomag nem ezt választja a standard formaként, hogy megőrizze a gyökér-konzisztenciát az alapmű ‘üdvösség’ szavával; egyszeri lábjegyzetben megemlítve, sosem váltva közte és az Üdvözítő között)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
Hungarian Bible tradition itself is split at this exact title: Károli/Reformed = ‘Megtartó’; Catholic (Szent István Társulat) = ‘Üdvözítő.’ This Language Package fixes ‘Üdvözítő’ as the standard throughout for root-consistency with baseline üdvösség. Luke 1:47; 2:11.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Emberfia
Transliteration: ho huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: Emberfia mint egyszerűen ‘egy ember’ (generikus emberi lény, elveszítve a Dániel 7 szerinti égi hatalom-jelleget)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Jesus’ preferred self-designation, drawing on Daniel 7:13-14 — a heavenly, authoritative, suffering-and-vindicated figure, NOT a mere synonym for ‘human being.’ Must not be confused with Isten Fia. Luke 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,56,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22,24,26,30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7.
Kingdom Within Among
Approved rendering: köztetek / az életetekben van jelen (favored); bennetek (noted alternative)
Transliteration: hē basileia tou Theou entos hymōn estin
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: bennetek mint az egyetlen érvényes olvasat, a köztetek olvasat teljes kizárásával, köztetek mint az egyetlen érvényes olvasat, a bennetek olvasat teljes kizárásával
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν
Category: Kingdom
A genuine, well-documented ἐντός translation crux with major doctrinal consequences. The immediate context (a debate with hostile Pharisees) favors the corporate/Christological ‘köztetek,’ proposed as the Language Package default, but ‘bennetek’ (within you) must be documented as an equally attested alternative — never silently erased. Luke 17:21.
Eucharist Body
Approved rendering: ez az én testem
Transliteration: to sōma mou
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper (Body and Blood)
Rejected alternatives: átlényegülést feltételező megfogalmazás (transzszubsztanciációt előfeltevő szóhasználat), kizárólag emlékező/szimbolikus jelentést feltételező megfogalmazás (csupán memoriális, Zwingli-jellegű szóhasználat)
Original: τὸ σῶμά μου
Category: Sacraments
A MAJOR new Hungary-specific collision beyond Romans’ scope: Catholic transubstantiation (Oltárszentség) vs. Reformed spiritual real presence (Úrvégye). The text must be rendered plainly as Luke wrote it, identical to what both traditions already use in their own Hungarian liturgies; doctrinal divergence belongs entirely in teaching notes. Luke 22:19.
Eucharist Blood
Approved rendering: ez az én vérem
Transliteration: to haima mou
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper (Body and Blood)
Rejected alternatives: átlényegülést feltételező megfogalmazás, kizárólag emlékező/szimbolikus jelentést feltételező megfogalmazás
Original: τὸ αἷμά μου
Category: Sacraments
Same collision as eucharist_body; render plainly, identically to both traditions’ existing liturgical usage. Luke 22:20.
New Covenant Eucharistic
Approved rendering: új szövetség
Transliteration: hē kainē diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: örök szövetség (‘örök’ a katolikus szentmise liturgikus szövegének betoldása, amely Lukács görög szövegében nem szerepel)
Original: ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Directly activates the baseline’s Critical szövetség doctrine risk IN COMBINATION with the sacramental body/blood risk above — the single highest doctrinal-density verse pairing in Luke. Must never import the Catholic Mass liturgy’s ‘örök’ qualifier. Luke 22:20.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Paradicsom
Transliteration: ho paradeisos
Doctrine: Eschatological Afterlife: Hades and Paradise
Rejected alternatives: Paradicsom mint kifejezetten átmeneti, tisztítótűz-jellegű állapot (katolikus purgatóriumi tanítást betoldó megfogalmazás), Paradicsom mint az azonnali, tisztítás nélküli teljes üdvösség kizárólagos bizonyítéka (reformátusi apologetikai betoldás)
Original: ὁ παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
States immediate presence with Christ after death for the repentant criminal, with no intervening purificatory process mentioned. Render plainly as Luke wrote it, without inserting either tradition’s developed doctrine of the intermediate state. Luke 23:43.
Breaking Of Bread
Approved rendering: a kenyér megtörése
Transliteration: tē klasei tou artou
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper (Body and Blood)
Original: ἡ κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου
Category: Sacraments
Echoes and extends the Last Supper’s institution (22:19-20) into ongoing post-resurrection recognition of Christ; reuses the eucharist_body/eucharist_blood sacramental sensitivity. Luke 24:35.
Justified Verb
Approved rendering: megigazult
Transliteration: dedikaiōmenos (δικαιόω)
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (Luke 18:14)
Rejected alternatives: elfogadottá vált (generikus elfogadás, elszakítva a baseline megigazulás forenzikus gyökerétől)
Original: δεδικαιωμένος (δικαιόω)
Category: Salvation
A direct, load-bearing link to the baseline’s most carefully-guarded fault line. MUST use the same Hungarian verb root as baseline megigazulás to preserve cross-curriculum consistency for learners studying both Romans and Luke. Luke 18:14.
Transfigured
Approved rendering: megdicsőül / elváltozik
Transliteration: metamorphōthentos
Doctrine: The Transfiguration and Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag szimbolikus látomásként (merely symbolic/visionary literary device)
Original: (event; cf. μεταμορφόω word-family, Matthew/Mark parallels)
Category: Christology
Momentary, visible disclosure of Christ’s hidden divine glory, confirming Deity and Sonship of Christ simultaneously; ties to baseline dicsőség/Isten Fia. Luke 9:28-36.
Crucify
Approved rendering: megfeszít
Transliteration: staurōthēnai (σταυρόω)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / The Cost and Joy of Discipleship (shared doctrinal weight)
Rejected alternatives: kínoszlopra feszít / kínoszlop (Jehova Tanúi NWT-hu fordítás; soha nem használható)
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology
Establishes that the metaphorical ‘cross’ of discipleship (9:23; 14:27) is modeled on this actual, historical execution, not a mere metaphor. Luke 23:21,23,33.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s verbal cognate εὐαγγελίζομαι (1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1) is tracked separately as proclaim_good_news to preserve the lexical link to this noun for Hungarian readers.
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Luke’s healing narratives and Table Fellowship doctrine (5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48,50; 17:5-6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32); see faith_has_saved_healed for the distinct physical/spiritual double-meaning risk.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: megtestesülés
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the entire Lukan infancy narrative (1:31-35; 2:6-7); see overshadow and favored_one for two new Luke-specific terms sharpening this doctrine’s Hungary-specific risk beyond Romans’ scope.
Law
Approved rendering: törvény
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s usage (2:22-24,27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44) is chiefly narrative/christological rather than the Reformed ‘threefold use of the law’ systematic category active in Romans 7; avoid importing that framework where the text does not.
Proclaim Good News
Approved rendering: hirdetni az evangéliumot / jó hírt hirdetni
Transliteration: euangelisasthai
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: jó hírt mond (flattens the technical, authoritative-proclamation force), örömhírt hirdet (SZIT Catholic-tradition calque; breaks the visible lexical link to baseline evangélium)
Original: εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Verbal cognate of εὐαγγέλιον; must render with the verbal form of baseline evangélium so the lexical link is visible to Hungarian readers. Luke 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1.
Poor
Approved rendering: szegény(ek)
Transliteration: ptōchos
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: szegény kizárólag szociális-gazdasági értelemben (liberation-theology-jellegű, kizárólagos olvasat), szegény kizárólag lelki értelemben (kizárólag ‘lélekben szegény,’ megkerülve Lukács konkrét, szó szerinti szegényekre vonatkozó mondanivalóját)
Original: πτωχός
Category: Compassion
Must hold together literal economic poverty and spiritual dependence on God; mandatory teaching note required per cluster to avoid one-sided reading in either direction. Luke 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3.
Oppressed Broken
Approved rendering: megtört(ek) / elnyomottak
Transliteration: tethrausmenous (θραύω)
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag fizikai sérülés értelmében (physical-injury-only reading)
Original: θραύω (τεθραυσμένους)
Category: Compassion
Must not be limited to physical injury; carries the same marginalized/oppressed sense central to the Good-News-to-the-Poor-and-Marginalized doctrine. Use both Hungarian terms in tandem. Luke 4:18.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: az Úr kegyelmi esztendeje / az Úr kedves esztendeje
Transliteration: eniauton Kyriou dekton
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: elfogadható év (szó szerinti tükörfordítás, teológiailag semmit nem közvetít Jubileum-háttér nélkül)
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
Direct allusion to the Leviticus 25 Jubilee institution, largely unfamiliar to a modern Hungarian reader without explicit Old Testament background teaching. Mandatory teaching note required. Luke 4:19.
Today Theological
Approved rendering: Ma
Transliteration: sēmeron
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: Manapság (gyengíti a hangsúlyos, kijelentő ‘az üdvösség mája’ erőt puszta naptári kitöltővé)
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
Luke’s recurring theological marker of the in-breaking of salvation in the present moment. Must preserve the emphatic, fronted, declarative force (‘Ma teljesedett be…’). Luke 2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43.
Compassion Moved With
Approved rendering: megesik a szíve / könyörületre indul
Transliteration: esplanchnisthē (σπλαγχνίζομαι)
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion (σπλαγχνίζομαι and Mercy)
Rejected alternatives: sajnálta (túl gyenge; elveszti a viszcerális, cselekvésbe forduló erőt)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
Visceral, gut-level compassion, stronger than a generic ‘feeling sorry,’ that leads immediately to decisive saving action. Luke 7:13; 10:33; 15:20.
Redemption
Approved rendering: megváltás / megszabadítás
Transliteration: lytrōsis / apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Redemption (Ransom-Price Deliverance)
Rejected alternatives: üdvösséggel teljesen azonosított, általános szabadítás (elveszti a váltságdíj-jellegű árnyalatot)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Must be kept terminologically distinct from baseline üdvösség even though closely related, since this term specifically carries the ‘ransom paid’ nuance central to later atonement teaching. Luke 1:68; 2:38; 21:28; 24:21.
Mercy
Approved rendering: irgalom / könyörületesség
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion (σπλαγχνίζομαι and Mercy)
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem (elmosná a baseline által gondosan megőrzött kegyelem/irgalom megkülönböztetést, amely a χάρις szónak van fenntartva)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Compassion
Active, practically-expressed kindness toward the needy, distinguished from χάρις/grace (an unmerited status given). Must be kept lexically distinct from baseline kegyelem. Luke 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 17:13; 18:38-39.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: felebarát / embertárs
Transliteration: plēsion
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: felebarát kizárólag már ismert/kedvelt személyre korlátozva (domesztikált olvasat)
Original: πλησίον
Category: Compassion
Radically redefined by Jesus through the Good Samaritan parable to include the ethnic/religious outsider; functions as a close social-boundary parallel to the baseline’s Jew-Gentile unity doctrine. Luke 10:27,29,36.
Sinner
Approved rendering: bűnös
Transliteration: hamartōlos
Doctrine: Jesus’ Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: bűnös kizárólag magánerkölcsi értelemben (generikus, kizárólag magánerkölcsi olvasat, elveszítve a társadalmi kirekesztettség dimenzióját)
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Repentance
A technical social-outcast category (tax collectors, prostitutes) as much as a moral one in Luke’s Gospel. Luke 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7.
Lost
Approved rendering: elveszett
Transliteration: apolōlos (ἀπόλλυμι)
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: ἀπολωλός / ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Salvation
In danger of ultimate ruin, yet recoverable; the central verbal thread uniting all three parables of Luke 15 and Luke’s programmatic mission statement at 19:10. Must be tracked for absolute consistency. Luke 15:4,6,9,17,24,32; 19:10.
Take Up Cross
Approved rendering: vegye fel keresztjét (naponta)
Transliteration: aras ton stauron autou
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: ez a keresztem (a meglévő magyar idióma az általános, folytatódó terhek viselésére, amely elgyengítheti Lukács szándékos, ismétlődő elköteleződés-jelentését), kínoszlopra veszi fel (Jehova Tanúi NWT-hu megoldása; soha nem használható)
Original: ἄρας τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ
Category: Discipleship
Central to ‘The Cost and Joy of Discipleship’ doctrine; must retain Luke’s unique ‘daily’ (καθ᾽ ἡμέραν) qualifier — an ongoing, repeated act of self-denial, not a single decisive crisis moment. Luke 9:23; 14:27.
Prayer
Approved rendering: imádság / imádkozik
Transliteration: proseuchē / proseuchomai
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: imádság mint kizárólag rögzített liturgikus forma (kizárólag katolikus liturgikus formák), imádság mint kizárólag magános áhítat (kizárólag generikus reformátusi magánáhítat)
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
Direct, personal, filial address to God as Father, modeled on Jesus’ own prayer life, not a generic term for any religious petition. Luke 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:41-46.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: a Szentlélek elleni káromlás
Transliteration: blasphēmia eis to Pneuma
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: átmeneti szóbeli megbotlás (a bűn triviálizálása egyetlen szóbeli elszólásra)
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God
The unforgivable sin — willful, hardened rejection of the Spirit’s testimony to Christ. Must avoid both trivialization and undue pastoral anxiety. Luke 12:10.
Faith Has Saved Healed
Approved rendering: megmentett / meggyógyított téged a hited
Transliteration: hē pistis sou sesōken se
Doctrine: Faith and Healing (Holistic Salvation)
Original: ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε
Category: Faith
σῴζω deliberately bridges physical healing and spiritual salvation in a single verbal act. Hungarian must choose between ‘meggyógyított’ and ‘megmentett/megszabadított’ at each occurrence, with a note at 17:19 flagging the double meaning. Luke 8:48; 17:19; 18:42.
Hades
Approved rendering: a holtak birodalma / az alvilág
Transliteration: Hadēs
Doctrine: Eschatological Afterlife: Hades and Paradise
Rejected alternatives: Hádész (puszta transzliteráció; a magyar olvasók klasszikus műveltségében a görög mitológiai alvilág-istenséget/birodalmat idézi fel, nem a bibliai közbenső állapotot)
Original: Ἅδης
Category: Eschatology
A Hungary-specific collision risk essentially unique among this pipeline’s target languages, given strong classical-education associations with ‘Hádész.’ Prefer a descriptive rendering over a bare transliteration. Luke 16:23.
Opened Minds Scriptures
Approved rendering: megnyitotta (értelmüket / az Írásokat)
Transliteration: diēnoixen (διανοίγω)
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture in Luke
Original: διανοίγω
Category: Covenant
Christ’s post-resurrection illumination of the disciples’ understanding of Scripture; directly completes the core passage’s ‘today this scripture is fulfilled’ (4:21). Luke 24:31-32,45.
Overshadow
Approved rendering: beárnyékol
Transliteration: episkiasei (ἐπισκιάζω)
Doctrine: Incarnation and the Virgin Conception
Rejected alternatives: poétikus, hétköznapi árnyék (elveszti az isteni jelenlét/dicsőség-felhő konnotációt)
Original: ἐπισκιάσει (ἐπισκιάζω)
Category: God
Echoes the Shekinah-cloud presence of God (Exodus 40:35); ties the conception of Jesus directly to the Holy Spirit’s creative, presence-filling work. Luke 1:35.
Betray Hand Over
Approved rendering: elárul / kiszolgáltat
Transliteration: paradidōmi
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Sovereignty
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: God
Judas’ act, framed within divine sovereign purpose (‘as it has been determined,’ 22:22); an unqualified rendering risks tipping toward either a fatalistic reading (removing Judas’ guilt) or a synergistic reading (removing God’s sovereign purpose). Luke 22:4,6,21-22,48.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: elhívott
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Less doctrinally load-bearing in Luke than Romans 8-9; occurs mainly in the implicit call of sinners (5:32) and the calling of the Twelve (6:13).
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent in Luke chiefly as a modifier of Πνεῦμα (Holy Spirit; 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13); ensure not read as merely ritual purity in these contexts.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk in Luke’s frequent usage (1:79; 2:14,29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36).
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NOTE: ἐκκλησία does not occur in Luke’s Gospel text itself (reserved for Acts); retained only for cross-document translation-memory consistency.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Isten országa
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. The single most frequent doctrinal term in Luke; see kingdom_within_among for the Critical translation crux at 17:21 raising this term’s overall doctrinal weight above Medium for that specific passage.
Sin
Approved rendering: bűn
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent and underlies the Repentance/Forgiveness doctrine throughout Luke (1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24,32; 7:37,39,47-49; 11:4; 15:1-2,7,10,18,21; 17:3-4; 18:13; 19:7; 24:47).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pogányok
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Translator choice-point recurs repeatedly in Luke: use nemzetek in universal/missionary contexts (2:32; 24:47), pogányok in contrastive/negative contexts (18:32; 21:24).
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. See transfigured for the elevated Critical doctrinal weight this term carries specifically at the Transfiguration (9:28-36).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Isten ereje
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Forms a deliberate literary frame across Luke’s opening and closing chapters (1:35; 4:14; 24:49); see power_from_on_high for the distinct closing-frame term.
Providence
Approved rendering: gondviselés
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρόνοια
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s betrayal narrative (22:22,48; see betray_hand_over) sharpens the tension between divine sovereign purpose and human culpable agency beyond what Romans 8:28 alone requires.
Mission
Approved rendering: misszió
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the sending of the Twelve and Seventy (9:1-6; 10:1-12) and the Great Commission material (24:47-49).
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not used independently in Luke’s Gospel text itself (unlike Romans 8:15), but the Lord’s Prayer’s ‘Atya’ (11:2) activates the same filial-intimacy register; retained for cross-document consistency.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Dávid leszármazottja
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk (1:27,32; 2:4; 3:31).
Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: hirdetni
Transliteration: kēryssō
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: prédikálni (fenntartva a későbbi homiletikai/igehirdetési értelemre, nem a herald-regiszterre)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Salvation
Herald/public-announcement register, drawing on civic/royal herald imagery, distinct from proclaim_good_news and from teaching (tanít). Luke 4:18-19,44; 8:1,39; 9:2; 12:3; 24:47.
Captive
Approved rendering: fogoly / rab
Transliteration: aichmalōtos
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: rab (túl erősen konnotálja a modern büntetőjogi fogságot)
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Compassion
Deliberately dual-referent: literal exile-captivity and spiritual bondage. Prefer ‘fogoly’ paired with a background note on the Isaiah exile metaphor extended to sin’s bondage. Luke 4:18.
Tender Mercy
Approved rendering: könyörületes irgalom
Transliteration: splanchna eleous
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion (σπλαγχνίζομαι and Mercy)
Original: σπλάγχνα ἐλέους
Category: Compassion
Vivid Hebraic idiom for mercy felt at the deepest, most visceral level; reinforces the distinction between ἔλεος (irgalom) and χάρις (kegyelem, reserved per baseline). Luke 1:78.
Blessed
Approved rendering: boldog
Transliteration: makarios
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: boldog kizárólag jelenlegi szubjektív érzelmi állapotként (jelen érzelmi boldogság)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
A pronouncement of God’s favorable verdict/status, not primarily a subjective emotional state — often paradoxically applied to the poor, hungry, weeping. Luke 1:45; 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:28; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: szamaritánus
Transliteration: Samaritēs
Doctrine: Unity Across Jew, Samaritan, and Gentile Boundaries
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Church
Requires a mandatory background note on the depth of Jewish-Samaritan animosity for Hungarian readers with limited biblical-historical literacy, or the parable’s shock value is lost. Luke 9:52-56; 10:33; 17:16.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: vámos / adószedő
Transliteration: telōnēs
Doctrine: Jesus’ Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion
A socially despised collaborator-class figure in first-century Judea; requires a teaching note on the social stigma attached to this occupation. Luke 3:12; 5:27,29-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2.
Joy
Approved rendering: öröm
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: Joy Over Repentant Sinners
Rejected alternatives: öröm mint általános ünnepi hangulat (elveszti az üdvösséghez kötött teológiai súlyt)
Original: χαρά
Category: Repentance
Specifically heaven’s/the Father’s joy over recovered sinners, not generic human happiness or celebratory language. Luke 15:7,10,32; 24:41,52.
Deny Himself
Approved rendering: tagadja meg önmagát
Transliteration: aparnēsasthō heauton
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: tagadja meg önmagát mint általános önfegyelem (Krisztus-központú motiváció nélküli, generikus önfegyelem)
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν
Category: Discipleship
Total self-renunciation of one’s own will and self-preservation instinct; pairs with take_up_cross as the twin conditions of discipleship. Luke 9:23.
Daily Bread
Approved rendering: mindennapi kenyér
Transliteration: ho artos ho kath hēmeran
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ὁ ἄρτος ὁ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν
Category: Prayer
Established, standard Hungarian liturgical phrase from the Lord’s Prayer; reinforces a request for sufficiency, not surplus. Luke 11:3.
Anxiety Worry
Approved rendering: aggodalmaskodik
Transliteration: merimnaō
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μεριμνάω
Category: Prayer
Excessive, faith-undermining care about material provision, contrasted with trusting dependence expressed in prayer. Luke 10:41; 12:11,22-26,29.
Witnesses
Approved rendering: tanúk
Transliteration: martyres
Doctrine: Mission and Witness to the Nations
Original: μάρτυρες
Category: Church
Grounds the church’s ongoing gospel proclamation in eyewitness testimony, not abstract doctrine alone; low risk of confusion with modern juridical or political senses of ‘tanú.’ Luke 24:48.
Promise Of The Father
Approved rendering: Atyám ígérete
Transliteration: tēn epangelian tou patros mou
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: ἡ ἐπαγγελία τοῦ πατρός μου
Category: God
The promised outpouring of the Holy Spirit, fulfilled at Pentecost and narrated in Acts; bridges Luke’s Gospel to Acts; reuses baseline Atya. Luke 24:49.
Power From On High
Approved rendering: felülről jövő erő
Transliteration: dynamin ex hypsous
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους
Category: God
The Spirit’s empowering presence for mission, echoing 1:35; 4:14,18’s Spirit-anointing language, forming a deliberate literary and theological frame closing the Gospel; ties to baseline Isten ereje. Luke 24:49.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk in Luke’s usage (6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: hálaadás
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk (17:16; 18:11; 22:17,19).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: közösség
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Directly reinforced by Luke’s Table Fellowship with Sinners doctrine (5:29-30; 7:34,36-50; 15:1-2; 19:5-7).
Prophet
Approved rendering: próféta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk (1:76; 4:24,27; 6:23; 7:16,26,39; 9:8,19; 11:47,49-50; 13:33-34; 16:16,29,31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prófécia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk (1:67-79; 24:25-27,44).
David
Approved rendering: Dávid
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk (1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44).
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No new risk (1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 7:9; 22:30; 24:21).
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Minor occurrences in Luke’s teaching material; no new risk.
Referenced passages