Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Philemon (English → Hungarian)

Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:

Critical — Mistranslation alters or destroys essential doctrine. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
High — Mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk. Human theologian review required.
Medium — Mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning. Native speaker review recommended.
Low — Mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding or imprecision. Automated review sufficient.

Doctrine categories reference the five curriculum doctrines: Forgiveness and Reconciliation (F&R), Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (CB), Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power (SG), Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another (IA), Grace-Motivated Obedience (GO) — plus general categories (Salvation, Christology, God, Church, Faith) shared with the Romans baseline.

#	Term (English)	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Hungarian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine Category	Definition	Translation Notes
1	grace	χάρις	charis	kegyelem	Critical	Grace / GO	Unmerited favor from God, framing the whole letter (vv.3, 25).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly; also underlies the wordplay in v.22’s χαρισθήσομαι — see #33.
2	peace	εἰρήνη	eirēnē	béke	Medium	Salvation	Relational peace with God, greeting pair with grace (v.3).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
3	God	θεός	theos	Isten	Critical	God	The one true, personal, triune God (v.3, v.4).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
4	Father	πατήρ	patēr	Atya	Critical	God	God as personal Father (v.3).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
5	Lord	κύριος	kyrios	Úr	Critical	Christology	Exclusive, supreme lordship of Christ (v.3, v.5, v.16, v.20, v.25).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
6	Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	Iēsous	Jézus	Critical	Christology	Proper name of the Son of God (v.3, v.5, v.23, v.25).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
7	Christ	Χριστός	Christos	Krisztus	Critical	Christology	Christ’s title/name, used throughout as part of “Christ Jesus”/“Jesus Christ” (vv.1,3,6,8,9,20,23,25).	Established via the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md proper-name conventions (“Christ = Krisztus”), consistent with baseline’s separate Critical-risk “messiah” → “Messiás” entry, which is reserved for explicit messianic-promise argumentation rather than the proper-name/title use dominant in Philemon.
8	prisoner (of Christ)	δέσμιος	desmios	fogoly	Medium	IA	Paul’s self-designation as one bound for Christ’s sake, not civil crime (vv.1, 9, 10, 13).	New entry. Always pair with “Krisztus(é)” to preserve the identity-claim (“Christ’s prisoner,” not merely “a prisoner”).
9	brother	ἀδελφός	adelphos	testvér	High	CB	Kinship-in-Christ term; the category into which Onesimus is placed in v.16 (vv.1,7,16,20).	New entry — not a standalone Romans TM item. Anchor term for Christian Brotherhood across Social Status; render with full literal-kinship warmth, not a weaker “fellow human” substitute. Flag for theologian review given doctrinal centrality to this curriculum.
10	sister	ἀδελφή	adelphē	testvérnő	Low	CB	Female kinship-in-Christ term (v.2, Apphia).	New entry.
11	beloved	ἀγαπητός	agapētos	szeretett	Medium	CB	Deep affection, paired repeatedly with “brother” (v.1, v.16).	New entry.
12	fellow worker	συνεργός	synergos	munkatárs	Low	IA	Shared gospel partnership (v.1, v.24).	New entry.
13	fellow soldier	συστρατιώτης	systratiōtēs	harcostárs	Low	IA	Military metaphor for costly shared gospel labor (v.2, Archippus).	New entry.
14	house church	ἐκκλησία κατ’ οἶκόν σου	ekklēsia kat’ oikon sou	házi gyülekezet / a házadban levő egyház	Medium	Church	The local, house-based congregation Philemon hosts (v.2).	Builds on [REUSED FROM ROMANS TM] “egyház” (Medium); add “házi” qualifier to preserve the local-congregation nuance distinct from Romans 16’s broader references.
15	thanksgiving	εὐχαριστῶ	eucharistō	hálát adok	Low	Faith	Grateful acknowledgment of God (v.4).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM] “hálaadás” word family. Reuse exactly.
16	remembrance	μνεία	mneia	megemlékezés	Low	IA	Recollection in intercessory prayer (v.4).	New entry.
17	prayer	προσευχή	proseuchē	imádság	Medium	IA	Address to God; frames the letter’s intercessory context (v.4, v.22).	New entry, lexically simple but the underlying doctrine category (“az imádság és a közbenjárás”) is High risk in the Romans baseline doctrine risk registry; treat with care in teaching notes.
18	love	ἀγάπη	agapē	szeretet	Medium	CB / GO	Selfless, willed, covenantal love — the letter’s stated motive for appeal rather than command (v.5, v.7, v.9).	New entry — not a standalone item in the Romans baseline TM. Do not flatten to generic affection; this is the operative motive-category for grace-shaped obedience.
19	faith	πίστις	pistis	hit	High	Faith	Personal trust in Christ (v.5, v.6).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
20	saints	ἅγιοι	hagioi	szentek	High	Church	All believers, corporate designation, not a canonized elite (v.5, v.7).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly; carry forward the required corporate-sense translator note from Romans 1:7.
21	fellowship of your faith	κοινωνία τῆς πίστεώς σου	koinōnia tēs pisteōs sou	hited közössége	Medium	GO	Faith’s active, relational, shared fruit (v.6).	Builds on [REUSED FROM ROMANS TM] “közösség” (Low); elevated to Medium here due to adjacency with the faith/works sensitivity in “ἐνεργής” below.
22	effective / active (faith)	ἐνεργής	energēs	hatékony / tevékeny	High	GO / Salvation	Faith becoming operative/fruitful (v.6).	New entry. Directly adjacent to the Romans baseline’s Critical-risk grace/justification fault line (Reformed monergistic-fruit reading vs. Catholic synergistic-cooperation reading); flag for theologian review — must not imply faith is validated by works, nor deny faith’s real fruitfulness.
23	full knowledge	ἐπίγνωσις	epignōsis	teljes ismeret / megismerés	Low-Medium	Faith	Thorough, experiential/relational knowledge (v.6).	New entry.
24	good (deed)	ἀγαθόν	agathon	jó cselekedet	Medium	GO	A specific virtuous act credited to the doer (v.6, v.14).	New entry. Render as noun phrase, not bare adjective, to preserve “a specific good deed” sense.
25	joy	χαρά	chara	öröm	Low	IA	Paul’s gladness at reports of Philemon’s love (v.7).	New entry.
26	comfort / encouragement	παράκλησις	paraklēsis	megnyugvás / bátorítás	Low-Medium	IA	Comfort received (v.7), distinct in register from the appeal-verb below.	New entry. Same root family as #27 but a different sense; keep registers distinct.
27	appeal / entreat	παρακαλῶ (παρακαλέω)	parakalō	kérlek	High	IA	Personal, humble entreaty — Paul’s chosen mode instead of command (v.9, v.10).	New entry, distinct from [REUSED FROM ROMANS TM] “buzdítani” (exhort, corporate-hortatory sense, Low). Using “buzdítani” here would wrongly import a congregational-exhortation register and mute the personal plea central to Intercession and Appeal. Flag for theologian review.
28	boldness / confidence	παρρησία	parrēsia	bizalom / bátorság	Medium	IA	Christ-grounded apostolic authority, explicitly set aside in favor of appeal (v.8).	New entry.
29	old man / ambassador	πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής	presbytēs / presbeutēs	öreg ember (primary) / követ (variant note)	Medium	IA	Textual-variant self-designation reinforcing Paul’s humbled rhetorical posture (v.9).	New entry. Flag textual-variant ambiguity for theologian review rather than silently resolving.
30	child (spiritual)	τέκνον	teknon	gyermek	Medium	SG	Spiritual offspring through gospel ministry (v.10, Onesimus).	New entry. Distinguish from Romans TM’s “örökbefogadás” (adoption into God’s family), a different doctrinal category.
31	beget (spiritually)	γεννάω (ἐγέννησα)	gennaō	szülni / nemzeni (or: “lelki gyermekemmé lett”)	Medium	SG	Paul’s claim of spiritual paternity over Onesimus (v.10).	New entry.
32	bonds / chains	δεσμοί	desmoi	bilincsek / kötelékek	Low-Medium	IA	Paul’s literal imprisonment (v.10, v.13).	New entry. Keep lexically consistent with δέσμιος (#8).
33	useless / useful	ἄχρηστος / εὔχρηστος	achrēstos / euchrēstos	haszontalan / hasznos	Medium / High	SG	Wordplay on Onesimus’s name (“useful one”); marks the gospel’s transformation of his character (v.11).	New entry. εὔχρηστος (High) is a textual anchor for Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power; requires a translator footnote explaining the Ὀνήσιμος name-pun, which is invisible in Hungarian without a note.
34	send back	ἀναπέμπω	anapempō	visszaküldöm	Medium	GO	Paul’s voluntary, costly return of Onesimus to Philemon (v.12).	New entry.
35	heart / inward affection	σπλάγχνα	splanchna	szív(em)	Medium	F&R / IA	Seat of deep affection; structural inclusio across vv.7, 12, 20.	New entry. Must be rendered identically at all three occurrences for structural coherence; literal viscera-image is unavoidably lost in natural Hungarian idiom.
36	minister / serve	διακονέω	diakoneō	szolgál	Low	SG	Onesimus’s transformed, gospel-directed service (v.13).	New entry.
37	gospel	εὐαγγέλιον	euangelion	evangélium	High	Salvation	The specific proclamation of salvation in Christ (v.13).	[REUSED FROM ROMANS TM]. Reuse exactly.
38	consent / will	γνώμη	gnōmē	beleegyezés / akarat	Medium	GO	Philemon’s own free assent, which Paul refuses to bypass (v.14).	New entry.
39	compulsion	ἀνάγκη	anagkē	kényszer	High	GO	Named and rejected as the wrong basis for obedience (v.14).	New entry. Structural parallel to [REUSED FROM ROMANS TM] “hitből fakadó engedelmesség” (High); flag for theologian review as the letter’s key anti-legalism statement.
40	voluntary	ἑκούσιον	hekousion	önkéntes	High	GO	The positive, willing-obedience counterpart to ἀνάγκη (v.14).	New entry. Translate as a deliberate contrasting pair with #39.
41	separated (euphemism)	ἐχωρίσθη (χωρίζω)	echōristhē	elszakíttatott / elváltatok	Medium	F&R	Diplomatically soft description of Onesimus’s flight (v.15).	New entry. Preserve the euphemistic passive; do not sharpen into an explicit accusation.
42	forever (temporal-relational)	αἰώνιον	aiōnion	örökre	Medium	F&R	Permanence of the restored relationship, distinct from full eschatological “eternal” sense (v.15).	New entry. Distinguish in teaching notes from salvation-doctrine “eternal life” usage.
43	slave	δοῦλος	doulos	rabszolga	High	SG	The real Greco-Roman legal/social institution binding Onesimus (v.16).	New entry — the letter’s central social-theological term. Flag for theologian review; requires a teaching note distinguishing the first-century institution from Hungary’s own serfdom (jobbágyság) history, and cautioning against both softening (“szolga” alone) and overstating (imposing modern abolitionist rhetoric) Paul’s actual argument.
44	flesh (neutral/social sense)	σάρξ	sarx	test szerint	Medium	CB	The ordinary human/social sphere, distinct from the “sinful flesh” sense elsewhere in Paul (v.16).	New entry. Requires a distinguishing note from Romans’ morally-freighted σάρξ usage.
45	partner	κοινωνός	koinōnos	társ	Medium	F&R / IA	Personal, reciprocal partnership invoked as leverage for the appeal (v.17).	New entry, distinct from [REUSED FROM ROMANS TM] “közösség” (abstract fellowship, Low); do not collapse the two into the same Hungarian word.
46	receive / welcome	προσλαμβάνω	proslambanō	fogadd magadhoz	High	F&R	The letter’s climactic act of reconciliation requested (v.17).	New entry. Flag for theologian review as the operative verb of the letter’s central reconciliation request.
47	wrong / do injustice	ἀδικέω	adikeō	megkárosít / vádolható valamiben	Medium	F&R	Real harm acknowledged, not minimized, en route to full reconciliation (v.18).	New entry.
48	owe	ὀφείλω	opheilō	adós	Medium	F&R	Financial/moral debt (v.18).	New entry.
49	charge to account	ἐλλόγα (ἐλλογάω)	elloga	számítsd fel az én számlámra / írd az én terhemre	High	F&R	Accounting/legal metaphor for transferring liability to another’s account.	New entry. Shares its root domain with Romans 4’s imputation language (“ἐλογίσθη,” underlying the Critical-risk “imputed_righteousness”/“beszámított igazság” baseline term). Flag explicitly for theologian review given this direct conceptual echo; preserve the ledger-metaphor register precisely rather than paraphrasing into vague “forgive it.”
50	repay	ἀποτίνω (ἀποτίσω)	apotisō	megfizetem	Medium	F&R	Paul’s personal guarantee of the debt (v.19).	New entry. Substitutionary resonance to be carried in teaching notes, not forced into the translation.
51	owe besides	προσοφείλω	prosopheileis	ezen felül még adósom is vagy	Medium	GO	Philemon’s own prior grace-debt to Paul, grounding grace-motivated compliance (v.19).	New entry. Preserve the “in addition to” intensifying prefix sense.
52	may I benefit (optative)	ὀναίμην (ὀνίναμι)	onaimēn	hadd legyen hasznom belőled	Medium	SG	Wordplay on Ὀνήσιμος (“useful one”); ties the letter’s argument together (v.20).	New entry. Requires translator footnote alongside #33 and the Ὀνήσιμος proper name to surface the wordplay for Hungarian readers.
53	refresh / give rest	ἀναπαύω (ἀνάπαυσον)	anapauson	nyugtasd meg / frissítsd fel	Medium	F&R	Echoes v.7’s ἀναπέπαυται; inclusio binding the letter’s opening praise to its closing appeal (v.20).	New entry. Must use the same root rendering as the v.7 occurrence; consistency check required.
54	confident / trusting	πεποιθώς (πείθω)	pepoithōs	bizakodva	Medium	IA	Settled confidence in Philemon’s character, not Paul’s authority to compel (v.21).	New entry. Distinct from “hit” (faith in God/Christ); the object here is human character.
55	obedience	ὑπακοή	hypakoē	engedelmesség	High	GO	Philemon’s expected interpersonal compliance with Paul’s specific request (v.21).	New entry. Flag for theologian review: must NOT be conflated with the Romans baseline’s technical “obedience_of_faith” / “hitből fakadó engedelmesség” (a distinct soteriological category), even though the Hungarian noun overlaps.
56	hospitality / lodging	ξενία	xenia	szállás	Low	IA	Practical provision for Paul’s hoped-for visit (v.22).	New entry.
57	hope	ἐλπίζω	elpizō	remélem	Low	IA	Personal hope for reunion, not the technical eschatological “ἐλπίς” (v.22).	New entry.
58	granted / restored (as a gift)	χαρίζομαι (χαρισθήσομαι)	charisthēsomai	kegyelemből visszaadatom nektek	Medium-High	F&R	Wordplay on χάρις (grace); Paul frames his own hoped-for release as an act of grace (v.22).	New entry. Must preserve the visible “kegyelem” root connection so the wordplay linking to #1 is not lost.
59	greet	ἀσπάζομαι	aspazomai	köszönt	Low	IA	Conventional epistolary greeting (v.23).	New entry.
60	fellow captive	συναιχμάλωτος	synaichmalōtos	fogolytársam	Low-Medium	IA	A more vivid war-captive image, distinct from δέσμιος (v.23, Epaphras).	New entry. Keep lexically distinct from δέσμιος (#8) where natural.
61	your spirit (human)	πνεῦμα ὑμῶν	pneuma hymōn	lelketekkel	Low	Church	The recipients’ own human spirit, NOT the Holy Spirit (v.25).	New entry. Must not be rendered “Szentlélekkel” — [Szentlélek is REUSED FROM ROMANS TM exclusively for the Holy Spirit, Critical]; explicit category distinction required.

Cross-References to Baseline Romans Terms Reused Exactly

The following Hungarian renderings are governed entirely by the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and must not be altered for Philemon: kegyelem (grace), béke (peace), Isten (God), Atya (Father), Úr (Lord), Jézus (Jesus), hit (faith), szentek (saints), evangélium (gospel), egyház (church, base term), hálaadás/hálát adok (thanksgiving), Szentlélek (Holy Spirit — note: not doctrinally active in Philemon’s text itself, but must be protected from misuse at v.25 per entry #61).

New Terms Requiring Theologian Review Before Phase 2

Per the escalation conventions established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, the following new High-risk Philemon terms require the same mandatory theologian-review routing as Critical/High baseline terms: testvér (#9), hatékony/tevékeny (#22), kérlek (#27), hasznos/εὔχρηστος (#33), rabszolga (#43), fogadd magadhoz (#46), számítsd fel az én számlámra (#49), kényszer / önkéntes (#39–40), engedelmesség (#55). These should be incorporated into a Philemon-specific extension of doctrine_risk_registry.json in the next Phase 1 step.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Opens and closes the letter (1:3, 1:25) and underlies the deliberate wordplay in 1:22’s χαρισθήσομαι (see new entry granted_restored). Do not resolve toward either the Reformed monergistic-irresistible or the Tridentine merit-cooperated reading.

God

Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: God
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:3, 1:4.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly and ONLY for the third Person of the Trinity. Not a developed theme in Philemon’s own argument, but must be protected from misuse at 1:25, where πνεῦμα ὑμῶν (‘your spirit’) refers to the recipients’ own human spirit — see new entry human_spirit. Never substitute Szentlélek there.

Father

Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:3.

Lord

Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:3, 1:5, 1:16, 1:20, 1:25. The brotherhood claim of 1:16 (‘both in the flesh and in the Lord’) depends on ‘Úr’ retaining full exclusive, supreme lordship even in this warm, personal register. Never use a capitalized ‘Úr’ for Philemon’s own social role as Onesimus’s master; reserve capitalization exclusively for Christ.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:3, 1:5, 1:23, 1:25.

Messiah

Approved rendering: Messiás
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly, but note this is NOT the operative sense of Χριστός in Philemon, where it functions as part of the proper name/title ‘Christ Jesus’ / ‘Jesus Christ’ rather than as explicit messianic-fulfillment argumentation. See new entry christ_title (Krisztus) for the routine title/name use dominant throughout this letter; do not substitute ‘Messiás’ for that routine use.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: beszámított igazság
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: befogadott/beoltott igazság mint kizárólag belső átalakulás (tridenti értelmezés)

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly and only for Romans 4’s imputation argument itself. Not textually present in Philemon, but directly and deliberately echoed by 1:18’s ἐλλόγα (‘charge to my account’) — see new entry charge_to_account. Do not import this exact baseline phrase into the Philemon 1:18 translation itself; that verse requires its own accounting-metaphor rendering that merely echoes, rather than restates, this concept.

Christ Title

Approved rendering: Krisztus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: Messiás (reserved for the baseline’s explicit messianic-fulfillment argumentation, e.g. Romans 9:5, 15:8-12; not for Philemon’s routine title/name use)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

New entry. Χριστός functions throughout Philemon as part of the proper name/title ‘Christ Jesus’ / ‘Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 1:3, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:20, 1:23, 1:25), per the established Hungarian Bible proper-name convention (12_ai_translation_requirements.md). Distinct from the baseline’s separate ‘messiah’ entry.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:13’s ‘bonds of the gospel’ identifies Paul’s imprisonment itself as gospel-service, tying Philemon’s personal drama to the larger apostolic mission.

Faith

Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:5, 1:6. Reserved exclusively for trust whose object is God/Christ; never used for confidence in a human being’s character (see new entry confident_trusting).

Saints

Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólagosan kanonizált, közbenjárásra kért személyek (katolikus olvasat)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:5, 1:7 apply this corporately to all believers, continuing the Romans 1:7 pattern; carry forward the required all-believers translator note.

Intercession

Approved rendering: közbenjárás
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag szentek és Mária közbenjárása mint szükséges (katolikus olvasat)

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly, but reserve strictly for the Spirit’s/Christ’s intercession before God. Philemon’s own human-to-human advocacy for Onesimus (παρακαλῶ, 1:9-10) is a distinct doctrinal category and must be rendered ‘kérlek’, not ‘közbenjárás’ — see new entry appeal. Never use közbenjárás to translate Paul’s personal appeal.

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: hitből fakadó engedelmesség
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: törvény szerinti engedelmesség, hit nélkül

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly, and reserve strictly for this soteriological, gospel-produced-obedience category. Philemon 1:21’s ‘engedelmesség’ (see new entry obedience) names a narrower, interpersonal compliance with Paul’s specific request regarding Onesimus and must NOT be conflated with this term despite sharing the Hungarian noun.

Brother

Approved rendering: testvér
Transliteration: adelphos
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: felebarát (neighbor/fellow human — too weak; would blunt the letter’s central social claim that Onesimus is reclassified as full kin)
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Christian Brotherhood

New entry. Philemon 1:1, 1:7, 1:16, 1:20. The letter’s controlling relational category, applied to Onesimus directly against ‘rabszolga’ in 1:16. Hungary’s own jobbágyság-era lord/peasant social vocabulary creates risk of ‘testvér’ registering as a mere courtesy title. Flag for theologian review.

Active Faith

Approved rendering: hatékony
Transliteration: energēs
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: faith proven valid only through cooperating works (synergistic overreading), faith’s real fruitfulness denied entirely (antinomian underreading)
Original: ἐνεργής
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:6. Directly adjacent to the baseline’s Critical grace/justification fault line: must not imply faith requires works to become valid, nor deny faith’s real fruitfulness. Flag for theologian review.

Appeal

Approved rendering: kérlek
Transliteration: parakalō
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: buzdítani (the baseline’s corporate-hortatory ‘exhort’ rendering — would wrongly import a congregational-encouragement register and mute the personal, vulnerable plea central to this doctrine)
Original: παρακαλῶ
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:9, 1:10. The letter’s rhetorical center: appeal deliberately chosen over command (ἐπιτάξαι, 1:8). Flag for theologian review; never substitute ‘buzdítani’.

Useful

Approved rendering: hasznos
Transliteration: euchrēstos
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: εὔχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:11; central textual anchor for this doctrine. Requires a mandatory translator footnote explaining the Ὀνήσιμος name-pun (also relevant at 1:20’s may_i_benefit). Flag for theologian review.

Compulsion

Approved rendering: kényszer
Transliteration: anagkē
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: kötelesség (duty/obligation — would import a duty-compliance frame that Paul explicitly rejects here)
Original: ἀνάγκη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:14; named and rejected as the wrong basis for obedience — the letter’s explicit anchor text for Grace-Motivated Obedience. Structural parallel to the inherited ‘hitből fakadó engedelmesség’. Flag for theologian review; must be translated as a deliberate contrasting pair with ‘voluntary’.

Voluntary

Approved rendering: önkéntes
Transliteration: hekousion
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἑκούσιον
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:14; positive counterpart to ‘compulsion’, same doctrinal weight. Deliberate contrasting pair.

Slave

Approved rendering: rabszolga
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: szolga (servant — too soft; blurs the real legally-binding Greco-Roman institution and mutes ‘no longer as a slave’), modern abolitionist manifesto reading (overstates Paul’s actual argument, which transforms the relationship rather than issuing a manumission decree)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:16; the letter’s central social-theological term. Requires a teaching note distinguishing the first-century Greco-Roman institution from Hungary’s own serfdom (jobbágyság, abolished 1848) and from the Atlantic slave trade. Flag for theologian review.

Receive Welcome

Approved rendering: fogadd magadhoz
Transliteration: proslambanō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: grudging or merely provisional-tolerance framing
Original: προσλαμβάνω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:17; the letter’s climactic reconciliation verb — must convey full, unqualified welcome (as one would welcome Paul himself). Flag for theologian review.

Charge To Account

Approved rendering: számítsd fel az én számlámra
Transliteration: elloga (ellogaō)
Doctrine: Substitutionary Appeal and the Imputation Echo
Rejected alternatives: vague generic ‘just forgive it’ paraphrase (erases the deliberate ledger-metaphor echo of Romans 4’s imputation language)
Original: ἐλλόγα (ἐλλογάω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:18; shares its root domain (λογίζομαι) with the imputation language underlying the inherited Critical-risk ‘imputed_righteousness’ term. Preserve the ledger-metaphor register precisely. Flag explicitly for theologian review.

Obedience

Approved rendering: engedelmesség
Transliteration: hypakoē
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:21; Philemon’s expected interpersonal compliance with Paul’s specific request. Must NOT be conflated with the inherited soteriological ‘hitből fakadó engedelmesség’ despite sharing the Hungarian noun. Flag for theologian review.

Granted Restored

Approved rendering: kegyelemből visszaadatom nektek
Transliteration: charisthēsomai (charizomai)
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: megajándékoztatok (a literal-only rendering that would obscure the visible root connection to ‘kegyelem’)
Original: χαρισθήσομαι (χαρίζομαι)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:22; deliberate wordplay on χάρις tying Paul’s own hoped-for release to the letter’s opening (1:3) and closing (1:25) grace-language. Must preserve the visible ‘kegyelem’ root. Flag for translator note.

Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package (base term); reuse exactly. Philemon 1:2’s house church builds on this base term with a ‘házi’ qualifier — see new entry house_church.

Peace

Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:3, standard grace-and-peace greeting pair.

Adoption

Approved rendering: örökbefogadás
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly, and reserve strictly for believers’ relation to God the Father. Philemon 1:10’s τέκνον/ἐγέννησα (Paul’s spiritual paternity over Onesimus) is a distinct relationship — see new entries spiritual_child and beget_spiritually. Never use örökbefogadás for those.

Human Spirit

Approved rendering: lelketekkel
Transliteration: pneuma hymōn
Doctrine: Trinitarian Precision in the Closing Benediction
Rejected alternatives: Szentlélekkel (would misidentify the addressees’ own human spirit as the Holy Spirit — a Trinitarian category error)
Original: πνεῦμα ὑμῶν
Category: Anthropology

New entry. Philemon 1:25’s closing benediction refers to the recipients’ own human spirit, not the Holy Spirit. Given ‘Szentlélek’ is a Critical-risk baseline term, this low-frequency closing line requires deliberate native speaker verification.

Prisoner Of Christ

Approved rendering: fogoly
Transliteration: desmios
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: δέσμιος
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:1, 1:9, 1:10, 1:13. Always pair with ‘Krisztus(é)’ to preserve the identity-claim (‘Christ’s prisoner,’ not merely ‘a prisoner’); keep lexically distinct from fellow_captive (συναιχμάλωτος, 1:23) where natural.

Beloved

Approved rendering: szeretett
Transliteration: agapētos
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christian Brotherhood

New entry. Philemon 1:1, 1:16. Ensure consistent pairing with ‘testvér’ for the letter’s warmth register.

House Church

Approved rendering: házi gyülekezet
Transliteration: ekklēsia kat’ oikon sou
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία κατ’ οἶκόν σου
Category: Church

New entry. Philemon 1:2. Builds on the inherited base term ‘egyház’ with a ‘házi’ qualifier; Philemon’s decision about Onesimus becomes visible to this specific gathered local body, adding social weight to the appeal.

Prayer

Approved rendering: imádság
Transliteration: proseuchē
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχή
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:4, 1:22. Describes ordinary, direct address to God; should read as description of Paul’s/the church’s own prayer life, not as evidence for or against either tradition’s broader intercessory-mediation practice.

Agape Love

Approved rendering: szeretet
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Brotherhood

New entry. Philemon 1:5, 1:7, 1:9. The letter’s stated motive for appeal instead of command; must not be flattened to generic affection — the operative motive-category for Grace-Motivated Obedience.

Fellowship Of Faith

Approved rendering: hited közössége
Transliteration: koinōnia tēs pisteōs sou
Doctrine: Faith
Original: κοινωνία τῆς πίστεώς σου
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:6. Builds on the inherited ‘közösség’ (Low) but elevated here due to adjacency with the faith/works sensitivity carried by active_faith below.

Good Deed

Approved rendering: jó cselekedet
Transliteration: agathon
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀγαθόν
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:6, 1:14. Render as a noun phrase, not a bare adjective, to preserve the sense of a specific virtuous act.

Boldness

Approved rendering: bizalom
Transliteration: parrēsia
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: παρρησία
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:8; Christ-grounded apostolic authority explicitly set aside in favor of appeal, establishing the authority/appeal contrast carried through 1:9.

Old Man Ambassador

Approved rendering: öreg ember
Transliteration: presbytēs / presbeutēs
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: követ (ambassador — a genuine textual variant; recorded as a translator note rather than silently resolved)
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:9. Textual-variant self-designation reinforcing Paul’s humbled rhetorical posture; flag for theologian review.

Spiritual Child

Approved rendering: gyermek
Transliteration: teknon
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: örökbefogadás (adoption into God’s family — a distinct doctrinal category describing believers’ relation to God the Father, not Paul’s relation to a convert)
Original: τέκνον
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:10 (Onesimus); spiritual, not literal, parentage.

Beget Spiritually

Approved rendering: szülni / lelki gyermekemmé lett
Transliteration: gennaō (egennēsa)
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood in Ministry
Original: ἐγέννησα (γεννάω)
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:10; Paul’s claim of spiritual paternity over Onesimus through gospel proclamation. Prefer the periphrastic ‘lelki gyermekemmé lett’ if a verb-only rendering feels overly biological.

Useless

Approved rendering: haszontalan
Transliteration: achrēstos
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ἄχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:11; wordplay with the name Ὀνήσιμος (‘useful one’) is lost without a translator footnote — pair with ‘useful’ below and the required footnote.

Send Back

Approved rendering: visszaküldöm
Transliteration: anapempō
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀναπέμπω
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:12; must not obscure the voluntary, costly nature of Paul’s act of returning Onesimus.

Inward Affection

Approved rendering: szívem
Transliteration: splanchna
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:7, 1:12, 1:20 — a structural inclusio. Must be rendered identically at all three occurrences; the literal viscera-image is unavoidably lost in natural Hungarian idiom.

Approved rendering: beleegyezés
Transliteration: gnōmē
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: γνώμη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:14; Philemon’s own free assent, which Paul refuses to bypass.

Separated Euphemism

Approved rendering: elszakíttatott
Transliteration: echōristhē
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: elszökött (ran away/escaped — an explicit accusation that would sharpen Paul’s deliberately soft, diplomatic passive euphemism and undercut the letter’s reconciling tone)
Original: ἐχωρίσθη (χωρίζω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:15; preserve the passive euphemism; do not sharpen it into an accusation.

Forever Temporal

Approved rendering: örökre
Transliteration: aiōnion
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: αἰώνιον
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:15; temporal-relational permanence, distinct from the full eschatological ‘örök élet’ sense elsewhere in the New Testament. A distinguishing note is warranted in teaching materials.

Flesh Neutral

Approved rendering: test szerint
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: σάρξ
Category: Christian Brotherhood

New entry. Philemon 1:16; the ordinary human/social sphere, distinct from the morally-freighted ‘sinful flesh’ sense elsewhere in Paul (e.g., Romans 7-8). Requires a distinguishing note.

Partner

Approved rendering: társ
Transliteration: koinōnos
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: közösség (abstract fellowship — would collapse the personal, reciprocal weight of the appeal into an impersonal noun)
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:17; personal, reciprocal partnership invoked as leverage for the appeal. Do not collapse into the inherited abstract ‘közösség’.

Wrong Injustice

Approved rendering: megkárosít
Transliteration: adikeō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀδικέω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:18; real harm named without minimizing, en route to full reconciliation.

Owe

Approved rendering: adós
Transliteration: opheilei
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:18; standard commercial-legal vocabulary, sets up the accounting metaphor completed in the next clause.

Repay

Approved rendering: megfizetem
Transliteration: apotisō (apotinō)
Doctrine: Substitutionary Appeal and the Imputation Echo
Original: ἀποτίσω (ἀποτίνω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:19; Paul’s personal guarantee of the debt. Substitutionary resonance carried in teaching notes, not forced into the translation itself.

Owe Besides

Approved rendering: ezen felül még adósom is vagy
Transliteration: prosopheileis (prosopheilō)
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: προσοφείλεις (προσοφείλω)
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience

New entry. Philemon 1:19; preserve the ‘in addition to’ intensifying nuance, grounding the appeal in Philemon’s own prior grace-debt to Paul.

May I Benefit

Approved rendering: hadd legyen hasznom belőled
Transliteration: onaimēn (oninami)
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ὀναίμην (ὀνίναμι)
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:20; wordplay on Ὀνήσιμος (‘useful/profitable one’). Requires a translator footnote alongside ‘useless’/‘useful’ and the proper name Onézimusz.

Refresh Give Rest

Approved rendering: nyugtasd meg
Transliteration: anapauson (anapauō)
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀνάπαυσον (ἀναπαύω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation

New entry. Philemon 1:20; echoes 1:7’s ἀναπέπαυται — must use the same root rendering to preserve the deliberate inclusio; consistency check required across the whole letter.

Confident Trusting

Approved rendering: bizakodva
Transliteration: pepoithōs (peithō)
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: hit (faith — reserved exclusively for trust whose object is God/Christ; would misattribute saving faith to confidence in a human being)
Original: πεποιθώς (πείθω)
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:21; settled confidence in Philemon’s character, not Paul’s authority to compel.

Fellow Captive

Approved rendering: fogolytársam
Transliteration: synaichmalōtos
Doctrine: Hospitality and Anticipated Fellowship
Original: συναιχμάλωτος
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:23 (Epaphras); a more vivid war-captive image than δέσμιος. Keep lexically distinct from prisoner_of_christ where natural.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: hálaadás / hálát adok
Transliteration: eucharistia / eucharistō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Philemon 1:4, standard Pauline epistolary thanksgiving opening.

Fellowship

Approved rendering: közösség
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship

Inherited from Romans package (base term); reuse exactly. Philemon 1:6’s ‘hited közössége’ builds on this (see new entry fellowship_of_faith); Philemon 1:17’s κοινωνός (‘partner’) is a distinct personal noun and must NOT be collapsed into this abstract term — see new entry partner.

Exhort

Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification

Inherited from Romans package. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION for Philemon 1:9-10’s παρακαλῶ — see new entry appeal (kérlek). Using ‘buzdítani’ here would wrongly import a corporate-hortatory register and mute the personal, vulnerable plea that is this letter’s rhetorical center. Retained in this file specifically to mark this fencing rule for Phase 2.

Sister

Approved rendering: testvérnő
Transliteration: adelphē
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Christian Brotherhood

New entry. Philemon 1:2 (Apphia); confirms the letter’s kinship language extends to women in the community.

Fellow Worker

Approved rendering: munkatárs
Transliteration: synergos
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Gospel Partnership
Original: συνεργός
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:1 (Philemon), 1:24 (Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke).

Fellow Soldier

Approved rendering: harcostárs
Transliteration: systratiōtēs
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Gospel Partnership
Original: συστρατιώτης
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:2 (Archippus); military metaphor for costly, disciplined shared gospel labor.

Remembrance

Approved rendering: megemlékezés
Transliteration: mneia
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: μνεία
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:4; sets up the letter’s later intercessory appeal.

Full Knowledge

Approved rendering: teljes ismeret
Transliteration: epignōsis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith

New entry. Philemon 1:6; thorough, experiential/relational knowledge, not mere information.

Joy

Approved rendering: öröm
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: χαρά
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:7; Paul’s gladness at reports of Philemon’s love.

Comfort

Approved rendering: megnyugvás
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:7. Same root family as ‘appeal’ (parakalō) but a distinct sense — comfort Paul has received, not entreaty he is making. Keep register distinct.

Bonds Chains

Approved rendering: bilincsek
Transliteration: desmoi
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: δεσμοί
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:10, 1:13; keep lexically consistent with prisoner_of_christ (δέσμιος).

Minister Serve

Approved rendering: szolgál
Transliteration: diakoneō
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: διακονέω
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power

New entry. Philemon 1:13; Onesimus’s transformed, gospel-directed service. Keep lexically distinct from ‘rabszolga’ — never derive from the same root in translation.

Hospitality

Approved rendering: szállás
Transliteration: xenia
Doctrine: Hospitality and Anticipated Fellowship
Original: ξενία
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:22; practical provision for Paul’s hoped-for visit.

Hope

Approved rendering: remélem
Transliteration: elpizō
Doctrine: Hospitality and Anticipated Fellowship
Original: ἐλπίζω
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:22; personal hope for reunion, not the technical eschatological ἐλπίς of Romans 5/8.

Greet

Approved rendering: köszönt
Transliteration: aspazomai
Doctrine: Hospitality and Anticipated Fellowship
Original: ἀσπάζομαι
Category: Intercession and Appeal

New entry. Philemon 1:23; conventional epistolary greeting.

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