Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation (English → Hungarian)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json for the Revelation curriculum. Section A lists baseline terms reused unchanged because they recur in Revelation. Section B lists new terms specific to Revelation’s apocalyptic vocabulary, each with risk tier, doctrine link, key passages, and a grounded risk rationale. Section C gives the risk-tier summary. All renderings here are binding for Phase 2 translation of the Revelation curriculum and must be loaded into translation_memory.json as new entries (version increment required) before any segment translation begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Unchanged (Selected, as recurring in Revelation)
| English Term | Hungarian Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Key Revelation Passages |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Isten | Critical | throughout |
| Jesus | Jézus | Critical | throughout |
| Lord | Úr | Critical | 1:8; 4:11; 11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21 |
| Holy Spirit | Szentlélek | Critical | 1:4 (via “seven Spirits”); 2:7,11,17,29 etc.; 22:17 |
| Father | Atya | Critical | 1:6; 14:1 |
| Son of God | Isten Fia | Critical | 2:18 (distinct from adoptive “fiú,” Rev 21:7) |
| Saints | szentek | High | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9 |
| Holy | szent | Medium | 4:8; 21:2,10; 22:11,19 |
| Church | egyház | Medium | 1:4,11,20; 2:1-3:22 (local assemblies) |
| Kingdom of God | Isten országa | Medium | 1:9; 11:15; 12:10 |
| Glory | dicsőség | Medium | 1:6; 4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 11:13; 15:8; 18:1; 19:1,7; 21:11,23,24,26 |
| Messiah/Christ | Messiás | Critical | 1:1,2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6 |
| Covenant | szövetség | Critical | (implicit throughout the “God with them” formula, 21:3,7) |
| David | Dávid | Low | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| Israel | Izrael | Low | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| Gentiles/Nations | pogányok / nemzetek | Medium | 11:2,18; 12:5; 14:8; 15:4; 18:3,23; 19:15; 20:3,8; 21:24,26; 22:2 |
| Election | kiválasztás | Critical | conceptually underlies 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 (“book of life”) |
| Resurrection | feltámadás | Critical | 20:5-6,12-13 |
| Apostle | apostol | Low | 2:2; 18:20; 21:14 |
| Prophet / Prophecy | próféta / prófécia | Low | 1:3; 10:7; 11:3,10,18; 16:6; 18:20,24; 19:10; 22:6-10,18-19 |
| Grace | kegyelem | Critical | 1:4; 22:21 |
| Faith | hit | High | 2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12 |
(Baseline terms not listed above but present by conceptual background — e.g., righteousness, justification, salvation, sanctification, law, sin, peace — are addressed as they surface in specific Revelation passages within 07_semantic_analysis.md; their baseline renderings and risk tiers are unchanged and reused without modification.)
Section B — New Revelation-Specific Terms
| # | English Term | Original (Transliteration) | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Revelation/unveiling | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | kinyilatkoztatás (title: Jelenések könyve) | Critical | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:1 | ”Jelenés” is the same Hungarian word used for Catholic Marian apparitions; must be distinguished from claimed private apparitions. |
| 2 | Testimony/witness | μαρτυρία (martyria) | bizonyságtétel | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 1:2,9; 6:9; 12:11,17; 19:10; 20:4 | Root shifts across the book toward the later technical sense of “martyr”; must not collapse the two senses prematurely. |
| 3 | Martyr (witness unto death) | μάρτυς (martys), specialized sense | vértanú | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2:13; 17:6 | Distinguish from the ordinary witness sense (#2) with a distinct Hungarian word to preserve the semantic shift. |
| 4 | Almighty | Παντοκράτωρ (Pantokratōr) | Mindenható | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22 | Standard divine title, shared across traditions. |
| 5 | Son of Man | ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | Emberfia | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ / Christology | 1:13; 14:14 | Danielic Christological title; must not be confused with ordinary human sonship or with “Isten Fia.” |
| 6 | Seven Spirits [of God] | τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | Isten hét lelke | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6 | Symbolic fullness of the one Holy Spirit; must not be read as seven separate divine beings. |
| 7 | Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ | Alfa és Ómega | Critical | Deity of Christ / Sovereignty of God | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | Divine self-designation applied identically to God and Christ; must render identically at every occurrence (cross-document consistency rule). |
| 8 | Overcome/conquer | νικάω (nikaō) | győz / a győztes | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 12:11; 21:7 | Must be taught as victory through the Lamb’s blood and faithful testimony, not political/military/self-achieved triumph. |
| 9 | Tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | nyomorúság | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14 | Risk of importing a specific dispensational “Great Tribulation” systematic timeline foreign to historic Hungarian Catholic/Reformed theology. |
| 10 | Synagogue of Satan | συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ | Sátán zsinagógája | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2:9; 3:9 | Severe risk of antisemitic misapplication given Hungary’s Holocaust history; must be anchored to its specific first-century local referent. |
| 11 | Tree of life | τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | élet fája | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | 2:7; 22:2,14,19 | Edenic restoration imagery; low ambiguity. |
| 12 | Second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | második halál | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8 | Annihilationist (Jehovah’s Witness/Adventist-influenced) vs. eternal-conscious-judgment (historic Catholic/Reformed) readings both circulate in Hungary; text’s own claim must not be adjudicated toward either without flagging. |
| 13 | Key of David | ἡ κλεὶς Δαβίδ | Dávid kulcsa | Medium | Davidic Covenant / Messianic Promise | 3:7 | Reuse baseline “Dávid”; messianic authority image. |
| 14 | Throne | θρόνος (thronos) | trón | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | throughout (~40x) | Central sovereignty image; doctrinal weight rather than lexical ambiguity. |
| 15 | Elders (24 elders) | οἱ πρεσβύτεροι | vének | High | Worship of the Lamb / Church | 4:4,10; 5:5-14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4 | Direct lexical overlap with the active Hungarian Reformed church office title “presbiter”; must not be read as referring to any earthly church polity. |
| 16 | Living creatures | τὰ ζῷα (ta zōa) | élőlények | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4:6-9; 5:6-14; 6:1-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4 | Distinguish text’s own imagery from the traditional (non-textual) Catholic art convention identifying the four figures with the four Evangelists. |
| 17 | Worthy | ἄξιος (axios) | méltó | High | Worship of the Lamb / Deity of Christ | 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12 | The worship-worthiness formula is applied identically to God (4:11) and the Lamb (5:12) — direct deity claim. |
| 18 | Lamb | ἀρνίον (arnion) | Bárány | Critical | Worship of the Lamb / Deity of Christ | ~28 occurrences throughout | The book’s central, dominant Christological title; must be capitalized and rendered with total consistency; must retain worship-worthiness, not merely sacrificial-victim imagery. |
| 19 | Root/Lion of David-Judah | ῥίζα Δαβίδ / λέων… Ἰούδα | Dávid gyökere / Júda törzsének oroszlánja | High | Messianic Promise / Davidic Covenant | 5:5 | Reuse baseline “Dávid,” “Messiás.” |
| 20 | Wrath (settled) | ὀργή (orgē) | harag | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 6:16-17; 19:15 | Must retain the paradox that the slain Lamb is also the coming Judge. |
| 21 | 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | száznegyvennégyezer | Critical | Vindication of the Saints / Sovereignty of God | 7:4-8; 14:1,3 | Centerpiece of a well-known, distinctive Jehovah’s Witness doctrine (documented Hungarian JW presence); historic Christian symbolic reading must be stated explicitly against the literal-exclusive-class reading. |
| 22 | Great tribulation | ἡ θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη | a nagy nyomorúság | High | Perseverance under Persecution | 7:14 | Same dispensational-systematic caution as #9. |
| 23 | Trumpet | σάλπιγξ (salpinx) | trombita | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 8:2-9:14; 11:15 | Standard announcement-of-judgment imagery. |
| 24 | Abyss | ἄβυσσος (abyssos) | mélység / szakadék | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3 | Must be distinguished from Hades and the lake of fire as three distinct realms in the text’s own cosmology. |
| 25 | Apollyon/Abaddon | Ἀπολλύων / Ἀβαδδών | Apollüón / Abaddon | Low | Judgment of the Wicked | 9:11 | Proper name; transliterate both forms as given. |
| 26 | Two witnesses | οἱ δύο μάρτυρες | a két tanú | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 11:3-13 | Do not prematurely resolve symbolic figures to specific named historical persons. |
| 27 | Woman clothed with the sun | γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον | a napba öltözött asszony | Critical | Church as Bride of Christ (background) / Sovereignty of God over History | 12:1-17 | Strong Hungarian Catholic Marian-devotional overlay (“Regnum Marianum” tradition); text’s primary referent is the corporate covenant people, to be stated without erasing the Catholic typological reading. |
| 28 | Dragon | δράκων (drakōn) | sárkány | Medium | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2 | Text itself explicitly identifies the dragon as Satan (12:9); this identification must be prominent in teaching notes. |
| 29 | Michael the archangel | Μιχαήλ | Mihály arkangyal | Low-Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 12:7 | Elaborated further in Catholic devotional practice than in Reformed tradition; text’s own statement is plain. |
| 30 | Beast [from the sea] | θηρίον (thērion) | fenevad | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 13:1-10; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:10 | High risk of speculative historical/political over-identification with specific contemporary states or leaders; anchor in Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation. |
| 31 | False prophet / beast from the earth | θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης | hamis próféta | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10 | Reuse baseline “próféta” negated; religious deception in service of worldly power. |
| 32 | Mark of the beast | χάραγμα (charagma) | bélyeg | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked / Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 | Subject to intense, ongoing popular speculative identification (technology, ID systems); must not be taught as identifying any specific modern system. |
| 33 | The number 666 | ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ, χξϛ | hatszázhatvanhat / 666 | Critical | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13:18 | Same speculative-identification risk as #32; must not be paired with any named contemporary figure. |
| 34 | Worship [proskyneō] | προσκυνέω (proskyneō) | imád / leborul imádva | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4:10; 5:14; 9:20; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 19:10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9 | Must not be conflated with the separate Catholic-Reformed debate over image/saint veneration (latria vs. dulia/tisztelet), which is addressed under the baseline’s “saints”/“intercession” entries. |
| 35 | Eternal gospel | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | örökkévaló evangélium | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 14:6 | Reuse baseline “evangélium” exactly. |
| 36 | Babylon the great | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Babilon (a nagy Babilon) | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21 | Historic Protestant-polemical identification of “Babylon” with the institutional Catholic Church must be explicitly avoided in teaching notes, given the baseline’s documented Catholic-Reformed sensitivity. |
| 37 | Winepress of God’s wrath [thymos] | ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ | Isten haragjának borsajtója | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 14:19-20; 19:15 | θυμός (passionate wrath) vs. ὀργή (settled wrath) distinction collapses in Hungarian “harag”; note for teaching purposes only. |
| 38 | Song of Moses and of the Lamb | ᾠδὴ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου | Mózes és a Bárány éneke | High | Worship of the Lamb / Sovereignty of God | 15:3 | Reuse baseline “Mózes,” “Bárány.” |
| 39 | Bowls of the wrath of God | φιάλαι τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ | Isten haragjának poharai | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 15:7; 16:1-21 | Final, complete series of judgments. |
| 40 | Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδδών | Armageddon | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 16:16 | Secular pop-culture byword and Jehovah’s Witness eschatological centerpiece; teach the text’s own symbolic-geographic sense, not a literal predicted battle map. |
| 41 | The great harlot | ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη | a nagy parázna | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 17:1-18:24; 19:2 | Standard OT prophetic-symbolic idiom; pastoral sensitivity in presentation of gendered imagery. |
| 42 | Seven heads, ten horns | κεφαλὰς ἑπτὰ καὶ κέρατα δέκα | hét fej és tíz szarv | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13:1; 17:3,7,9,12,16 | Same over-identification caution as #30. |
| 43 | Marriage supper of the Lamb | ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | a Bárány menyegzője | High | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7,9 | Reuse “Bárány”; see #44’s Marian-conflation caution. |
| 44 | Bride [of the Lamb] | ἡ νύμφη (τοῦ ἀρνίου) | menyasszony (a Bárány menyasszonya) | Critical | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7; 21:2,9 | Strong Hungarian Catholic Marian-devotional overlay risk; the Bride is the corporate Church, not the Virgin Mary individually. |
| 45 | Faithful and True | Πιστὸς καὶ Ἀληθινός | Hű és Igaz | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 3:14; 19:11; 21:5 | Must render identically at every occurrence for cross-passage consistency. |
| 46 | Word of God [as Christ’s title] | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | Isten Igéje | Critical | Deity of Christ | 19:13 | Personal Christological title echoing John 1:1,14’s Logos Christology; must not be flattened to a generic reference to “the Bible.” |
| 47 | King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | királyok Királya és uraknak Ura | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ / Lordship of Christ | 17:14; 19:16 | Reuse baseline “Úr” exactly. |
| 48 | Thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη | ezer év / ezeréves birodalom | CRITICAL — headline risk term | Return and Reign of Christ | 20:1-7 | The single most contested eschatological term in the book. Historic Hungarian Reformed and Catholic traditions both generally read this symbolically; some American-influenced Evangelical/Pentecostal communities and, distinctively, Jehovah’s Witnesses (documented Hungarian presence) hold literal/systematic alternative readings. Flag every occurrence for theologian review, parallel to the baseline’s “kiválasztás” (election) treatment. |
| 49 | Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Góg és Magóg | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 20:8 | Medieval Hungarian national origin-legend (Simon of Kéza’s Gesta Hungarorum) traces the Magyar people’s ancestry to “Magog”; must be explicitly distinguished from the text’s unrelated apocalyptic symbol. |
| 50 | Book of life | τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | élet könyve | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked / Vindication of the Saints | 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 | Standard, low-ambiguity image. |
| 51 | Great white throne | ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός | a nagy fehér trón | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 20:11 | Final, unappealable judgment image. |
| 52 | Lake of fire | ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | tüzes tó | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8 | Annihilationist vs. eternal-conscious-judgment reading split (as #12); render identically across all occurrences. |
| 53 | New Jerusalem | ἡ καινὴ Ἰερουσαλήμ | Új Jeruzsálem | Critical | New Heaven and New Earth | 3:12; 21:2,10 | Must be distinguished from the modern political city/state of Jerusalem and from Christian-Zionist prophecy mapping. |
| 54 | New (qualitative) | καινός (kainos) | új | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | 21:1,2,5; 3:12; 5:9; 14:3 | Hungarian lacks the neos/kainos lexical distinction; qualitative newness must be carried by teaching notes. |
| 55 | Freely (without cost) | δωρεάν (dōrean) | ajándékul / ingyen | High | New Heaven and New Earth / Grace | 21:6; 22:17 | Must echo, without resolving, the baseline’s Critical “kegyelem” (grace) doctrinal-neutrality note. |
| 56 | Overcomer’s sonship | υἱός (of the redeemed) | fiú | High | New Heaven and New Earth / Adoption | 21:7 | Must not be confused with the baseline’s reserved Critical phrase “Isten Fia,” exclusive to Christ. |
| 57 | Nothing unclean | οὐδὲν κοινόν | semmi tisztátalan | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth / Sanctification | 21:27 | Reuse baseline sanctification conceptual field. |
| 58 | Throne of God and of the Lamb | ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου | Isten és a Bárány trónja | Critical | Deity of Christ / Worship of the Lamb | 22:1,3 | A single, shared throne — direct co-equal deity claim; must not be rendered as two adjacent thrones. |
| 59 | See his face | ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ | látják az ő arcát | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth / Fellowship | 22:4 | Catholic “beatific vision” scholastic category vs. Reformed plain-promise reading; teach text’s own promise without requiring either framework. |
| 60 | Come, Lord Jesus | Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | Jöjj, Uram Jézus! | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 22:20 | Reuse baseline “Úr,” “Jézus” exactly; render with warmth within formal register. |
Section C — Risk Tier Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (Section B new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 | Human theologian (every occurrence) |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 21 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 4 | Automated review |
| Total new Revelation terms | 60 | — |
Headline Critical risk terms requiring the same review rigor the baseline gives to “kiválasztás” (election) and “beszámított igazság” (imputed righteousness):
- ezer év / ezeréves birodalom (thousand years/millennium) — the central Hungarian eschatological fault line for this curriculum.
- Bárány (Lamb) and Isten és a Bárány trónja (throne of God and of the Lamb) — Christological deity claims.
- száznegyvennégyezer (144,000) and második halál / tüzes tó (second death / lake of fire) — direct doctrinal collision with documented Jehovah’s Witness teaching present in Hungary.
- menyasszony / a napba öltözött asszony (bride / woman clothed with the sun) — direct collision with Hungary’s uniquely strong Marian devotional tradition (“Regnum Marianum”).
- Babilon and fenevad (Babylon and the beast) — historic Protestant-polemical and popular speculative-identification risks respectively, both requiring explicit non-identification guidance.
This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, must be merged into translation_memory.json (version increment) and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation of the Revelation curriculum begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History / Deity of Christ in Revelation
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; intensified in Revelation by the Pantokratōr title and throne imagery (1:8; 4:1-11; 21:3).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly throughout (1:1; 22:16,20-21).
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly in ‘királyok Királya és uraknak Ura’ (17:14; 19:16) and ‘Jöjj, Uram Jézus’ (22:20); must never be diluted or reassigned, guarding against the Jehovah’s Witness Újvilág fordítás practice of substituting ‘Jehova’ for this title.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the symbolic ‘seven Spirits’ (1:4; 4:5; 5:6, see seven_spirits) and appears directly at 2:7 etc. and 22:17.
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; 1:6; 14:1.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Isten Fia
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Revelation
Rejected alternatives: általános, adoptív fiúság minden hívőre alkalmazva
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 2:18; must remain visibly distinct from the ordinary adoptive sonship term ‘fiú’ used for the overcomer at 21:7 (see overcomers_sonship).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messiás
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1,2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6.
Covenant
Approved rendering: szövetség
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Rejected alternatives: szövetség kizárólag jogi vagy politikai szerződésként
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the consummated covenant formula ‘I will be their God and they will be my people’ (21:3,7) without the word itself appearing; teach without assuming the full Hungarian Reformed federal-theology (szövetségi teológia) apparatus as required background.
Election
Approved rendering: kiválasztás
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: The Sealed People of God (144,000) / Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: kiválasztás emberi együttműködés nélkül értelmezhetetlen, kiválasztás mint vak végzet
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘book of life’ imagery (13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27); the baseline Reformed-Catholic fault line recurs wherever sealed/written-in-the-book language appears.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. 20:5-6,12-13, the ‘first resurrection’ and the resurrection of the dead for judgment.
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Frame
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint kizárólag érdemek által gyarapítható adomány, kegyelem mint kizárólag ellenállhatatlan, monergista adomány
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) the book, framing Revelation within the same Critical grace doctrine as Romans; must not be resolved toward either the Tridentine or strict-monergist reading.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Inherited from Romans package. Doxological refrain (‘salvation belongs to our God,’ 7:10; 12:10; 19:1); the baseline’s Reformed-perseverance vs. Catholic-ongoing-uncertainty assurance divide recurs wherever this term is taught alongside Revelation’s victory language.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Inherited from Romans package. Rev 19:8, ‘the righteous deeds of the saints’ (‘a szentek igaz cselekedetei’); forensic-standing sense carried forward from the baseline, not performance-merit.
Revelation Unveiling
Approved rendering: kinyilatkoztatás (cím: Jelenések könyve)
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closed Canon of This Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: jelenés mint folytatódó, magánjellegű jelenés-sorozat (jelenés-genre kizárólag apparíció értelemben)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
1:1. ‘Jelenés,’ the conventional Hungarian book-title word, is the same word used for Catholic Marian apparitions; must be distinguished from claimed private apparitions as this book’s own once-for-all apostolic revelation.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Emberfia
Transliteration: ho huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Revelation
Rejected alternatives: Emberfia mint egyszerű emberi utalás
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
1:13; 14:14. Danielic (Daniel 7:13) Christological title; must not be confused with ordinary human sonship, nor with ‘Isten Fia.‘
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alfa és Ómega
Transliteration: Alpha kai Ō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Revelation
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ
Category: Christology
1:8; 21:6; 22:13. Divine self-designation applied identically to God the Father and the risen Christ; must render identically at every occurrence.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: Sátán zsinagógája
Transliteration: synagōgē tou Satana
Doctrine: Continuity of Israel and the Church
Rejected alternatives: Sátán zsinagógája mint általános kijelentés a zsidóságról vagy a judaizmusról
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Church
2:9; 3:9. Given Hungary’s Holocaust history (over 500,000 Hungarian Jews murdered), carries exceptionally high antisemitic-misapplication risk; must be anchored explicitly to a specific first-century local conflict, never Judaism generally.
Second Death
Approved rendering: második halál
Transliteration: ho thanatos ho deuteros
Doctrine: Eternal Conscious Judgment and the Second Death
Rejected alternatives: második halál mint végleges, tudatos megszűnés (annihilacionista olvasat)
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8. Annihilationist (documented Hungarian Jehovah’s Witness/Adventist-influenced) vs. eternal-conscious-judgment (historic Catholic/Reformed) readings collide here; render identically at every occurrence without adjudicating the systematic debate.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Bárány
Transliteration: arnion
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Deity of Christ in Revelation
Rejected alternatives: Bárány mint kizárólag áldozati kép, imádat-méltóság nélkül
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
The book’s dominant Christological title (~28 occurrences). Must be capitalized and rendered with total consistency; must never be flattened into a merely sacrificial-victim image detached from the worship-worthiness explicitly ascribed to it (5:12-13).
One Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: száznegyvennégyezer
Transliteration: hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades
Doctrine: The Sealed People of God (144,000)
Rejected alternatives: száznegyvennégyezer mint szó szerinti, kizárólagos, mennyei felkent osztály (Jehova Tanúi olvasat)
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Eschatology
7:4-8; 14:1,3. Centerpiece of a distinctive, documented Jehovah’s Witness doctrine (a literal, exclusive class); the historic Christian symbolic reading — paralleled explicitly by ‘a great multitude that no one could count,’ 7:9, in the same chapter — must be stated as the majority position.
Woman Clothed With The Sun
Approved rendering: a napba öltözött asszony
Transliteration: gynē peribeblēmenē ton hēlion
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a napba öltözött asszony mint kizárólag Mária egyéni ábrázolása
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Church
12:1-17. Strong Hungarian Catholic Marian-devotional overlay (‘Regnum Marianum’/‘Mária országa’); the text’s primary referent is the corporate covenant people (Israel/the Church), stated without erasing the acknowledged secondary Catholic typological reading.
Beast From The Sea
Approved rendering: fenevad
Transliteration: thērion
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: fenevad mint konkrét, névvel megnevezett korabeli állam, vezető vagy intézmény
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment
13:1-10; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:10. High risk of speculative historical/political over-identification with specific contemporary states or leaders; anchor in Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: bélyeg
Transliteration: charagma
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: bélyeg mint konkrét modern technológia (vonalkód, biometrikus/digitális azonosító) azonosítása
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4. Subject to intense, ongoing Hungarian folk-eschatological speculative identification; must not be taught as identifying any specific modern technology.
Number 666
Approved rendering: hatszázhatvanhat / 666
Transliteration: ho arithmos autou, chi xi stigma
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: 666 mint egy konkrét, néven nevezett korabeli személyhez társítva
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ, χξϛ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
13:18. Same speculative-identification risk as mark_of_the_beast; must not be paired with any named contemporary figure.
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: imád / leborul imádva
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: imád mint köznyelvi, alkalmi ‘kedvelés’ regiszter, imád összemosva a szentek/képek tisztelete (dulia) vitával
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
4:10; 5:14; 9:20; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 19:10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9. Use ‘leborul imádva’ where posture language is present (4:10; 5:14; 19:4) to restore the cultic-prostration sense; must not be conflated with the baseline’s separate Catholic-Reformed latria/dulia (tisztelet) debate.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: Babilon (a nagy Babilon)
Transliteration: Babylōn hē megalē
Doctrine: Babylon and Worldly Power
Rejected alternatives: Babilon mint kódolt utalás a római katolikus egyházra vagy más konkrét mai keresztény intézményre
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21. Historic Reformation-era Protestant-polemical identification with the institutional Catholic Church must be explicitly avoided; keep the symbol at the level of any and every system of organized idolatrous power opposed to God.
Bride Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: menyasszony (a Bárány menyasszonya)
Transliteration: hē nymphē (tou arniou)
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: menyasszony mint kizárólag Szűz Mária egyéni ábrázolása
Original: ἡ νύμφη (τοῦ ἀρνίου)
Category: Church
19:7; 21:2,9. Strong Hungarian Catholic Marian-devotional overlay risk (‘Regnum Marianum’); teaching notes must state explicitly the Bride is the corporate people of God, not the Virgin Mary individually.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: Isten Igéje
Transliteration: ho logos tou theou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Revelation
Rejected alternatives: Isten Igéje mint általános utalás ‘a Bibliára’ vagy ‘a Szentírásra’
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
19:13. Personal Christological title echoing John 1:1,14’s Logos Christology; must be capitalized and never flattened to a generic reference to ‘the Bible.‘
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: királyok Királya és uraknak Ura
Transliteration: basileus basileōn kai kyrios kyriōn
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
17:14; 19:16. Reuse baseline ‘Úr’ exactly; the supreme, exclusive Lordship of Christ over every earthly and heavenly power.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: ezer év / ezeréves birodalom
Transliteration: chilia etē
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ezer év mint kizárólagosan szó szerinti, jövőbeli földi királyság (premillennialista rendszer), ezer év mint Jehova Tanúi ‘Új Világ’ teokratikus rendszer, ezer év mint kizárólagosan szimbolikus, más olvasatot kizáró amillennialista rendszer
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
20:1-7. HEADLINE RISK TERM, parallel in weight to the baseline’s ‘kiválasztás.’ Historic Hungarian Reformed and Catholic traditions both generally read this symbolically; American-influenced Evangelical/Pentecostal/Baptist minorities and Jehovah’s Witnesses hold literal/systematic alternatives. Flag every occurrence for theologian review; do not settle the question for the reader.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: tüzes tó
Transliteration: hē limnē tou pyros
Doctrine: Eternal Conscious Judgment and the Second Death
Rejected alternatives: tüzes tó mint végleges megszűnés (annihilacionista olvasat)
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8. Annihilationist vs. eternal-conscious-judgment reading split, same as second_death; render identically across all occurrences.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Új Jeruzsálem
Transliteration: hē kainē Ierousalēm
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: Új Jeruzsálem mint a mai politikai Jeruzsálem város/állam, Új Jeruzsálem mint diszpenzacionalista-cionista prófécia-térkép
Original: ἡ καινὴ Ἰερουσαλήμ
Category: Eschatology
3:12; 21:2,10. Must be distinguished from the modern political city/state of Jerusalem and from Christian-Zionist prophecy mapping present in some Hungarian Evangelical/Pentecostal circles.
Throne Of God And The Lamb
Approved rendering: Isten és a Bárány trónja
Transliteration: ho thronos tou theou kai tou arniou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Revelation
Rejected alternatives: két különálló, egymás melletti trón (nem egyetlen, közös trón)
Original: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology
22:1,3. A single, shared throne — a direct co-equal divine sovereignty claim; must preserve the singular, shared throne, not two adjacent thrones.
High Risk Terms
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólagosan kanonizált, közbenjárásra kért személyek
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs heavily (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9); every occurrence must carry the baseline’s corporate all-believers note against a canonized-elite reading.
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12 (‘those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the faith of Jesus’).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: megszentelődés
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification Consummated in the New Creation
Inherited from Romans package. Reaches its consummation at 21:27; 22:14-15 (‘nothing unclean’); must not be presented as achieved through ongoing sacramental process or the law’s third use as the text’s own stated mechanism — it is simply an accomplished state.
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: bizonyságtétel
Transliteration: martyria
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: vértanú (a specializált ‘halálig tartó tanúság’ értelem idő előtti bevezetése)
Original: μαρτυρία
Category: Faith
1:2,9; 6:9; 12:11,17; 19:10; 20:4. Must not collapse prematurely into the later specialized ‘martyr’ sense; reserve ‘vértanú’ only for 2:13; 17:6.
Martyr
Approved rendering: vértanú
Transliteration: martys
Doctrine: Faithful Witness unto Death (Martyrdom)
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Faith
2:13; 17:6. Carries strong Hungarian Catholic martyrology (canonized, venerated martyr-saints) and Reformed martyr-memory (the ‘gályarab prédikátorok’) associations; teach the biblical pattern without either tradition’s specific intercessory or martyrological framework as the text’s own claim.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: Isten hét lelke
Transliteration: ta hepta pneumata
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: hét különálló szellemi lény (politeista/tritheista olvasat)
Original: τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6. Symbolic sevenfold fullness of the one Szentlélek; must not be read as seven separate divine beings.
Overcome Conquer
Approved rendering: győz / a győztes
Transliteration: nikaō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: győzelem mint politikai, katonai vagy önerőből elért diadal, győzelem mint e-világi jólét (Word-of-Faith olvasat)
Original: νικάω
Category: Faith
2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 12:11; 21:7. Must be taught as victory through the Lamb’s blood and faithful testimony (12:11), never political, martial, self-achieved, or prosperity-framed triumph.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: nyomorúság
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: nyomorúság mint kizárólagos, technikai ‘Nagy Nyomorúság’ diszpenzacionalista rendszer
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Faith
1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14. Risk of importing a dispensational ‘Great Tribulation’ systematic timeline foreign to historic Hungarian Catholic/Reformed theology.
Elders
Approved rendering: vének
Transliteration: hoi presbyteroi
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: vének mint bármely földi egyházi tisztség (presbiteri/presbitérium) megfelelője
Original: οἱ πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church
4:4,10; 5:5-14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. Direct lexical overlap with the active Hungarian Reformed church office ‘presbiter’/‘presbitérium’; must not be read as referring to any earthly church polity.
Worthy
Approved rendering: méltó
Transliteration: axios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
4:11; 5:2,4,9,12. The worship-worthiness formula is applied identically to God (4:11) and the Lamb (5:12) — a direct deity claim.
Root Lion Of David Judah
Approved rendering: Dávid gyökere / Júda törzsének oroszlánja
Transliteration: rhiza Dabid / leōn ek tēs phylēs Iouda
Doctrine: Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Original: ῥίζα Δαβίδ / λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα
Category: Christology
5:5. Confirms the Lamb’s identity as the promised Davidic Messiah; reuse baseline ‘Dávid,’ ‘Messiás.‘
Wrath
Approved rendering: harag
Transliteration: orgē
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: harag mint szeszélyes, kontroll nélküli düh
Original: ὀργή
Category: Judgment
6:16-17; 19:15. Must retain the paradox that the slain Lamb is also the coming Judge, not capricious rage.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: a nagy nyomorúság
Transliteration: hē thlipsis hē megalē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἡ θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Faith
7:14. Same caution as ‘tribulation’ against importing a dispensational systematic timeline not native to the text itself.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: a két tanú
Transliteration: hoi dyo martyres
Doctrine: Faithful Witness unto Death (Martyrdom)
Rejected alternatives: a két tanú mint egy konkrét, néven nevezett történelmi személy azonosítása
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Faith
11:3-13. Do not prematurely resolve their identity to specific historical figures, which the text leaves symbolic.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: hamis próféta
Transliteration: thērion ek tēs gēs / pseudoprophētēs
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and False Worship
Original: θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10. Reuse baseline ‘próféta’ negated; religious deception in service of worldly power.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: örökkévaló evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion aiōnion
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
14:6. Reuse baseline ‘evangélium’ exactly.
Song Of Moses And The Lamb
Approved rendering: Mózes és a Bárány éneke
Transliteration: ōdē Mōyseōs kai tou arniou
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
15:3. Reuse baseline ‘Mózes,’ ‘Bárány.‘
Bowls Of The Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: Isten haragjának poharai
Transliteration: phialai tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φιάλαι τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
15:7; 16:1-21. Final, complete series of judgments on unrepentant evil; must retain finality without softening.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Armageddon
Transliteration: Harmagedōn
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: Armageddon mint konkrét, előre kiszámított jövőbeli csata térkép-koordinátája
Original: Ἁρμαγεδδών
Category: Eschatology
16:16. Secular pop-culture byword and Jehovah’s Witness eschatological centerpiece; teach the text’s own symbolic-geographic sense (Judges 5; 2 Kings 23:29), not a literalist prediction.
Seven Heads Ten Horns
Approved rendering: hét fej és tíz szarv
Transliteration: kephalas hepta kai kerata deka
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: fej/szarv mint konkrét, néven nevezett mai nemzetek vagy intézmények
Original: κεφαλὰς ἑπτὰ καὶ κέρατα δέκα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
13:1; 17:3,7,9,12,16. Same over-identification caution as the beast generally.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: a Bárány menyegzője
Transliteration: ho gamos tou arniou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
19:7,9. Reuse ‘Bárány’; carries the same Marian-conflation caution as bride_of_the_lamb.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: Hű és Igaz
Transliteration: Pistos kai Alēthinos
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: Igaz mint kizárólag ténybelileg helyes, a szövetségi hűség jelentése nélkül
Original: Πιστὸς καὶ Ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
3:14; 19:11; 21:5. Must render identically at every occurrence; must not be flattened to mere factual correctness, losing the covenantal-reliability sense.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Góg és Magóg
Transliteration: Gōg kai Magōg
Doctrine: Gog and Magog: National Identity Risk
Rejected alternatives: Góg és Magóg mint a magyar nép legendás eredetére utaló azonosítás
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Eschatology
20:8. Medieval Hungarian chronicle tradition (Simon of Kéza’s Gesta Hungarorum) traces Magyar ancestry to ‘Magog’; must be explicitly distinguished from the text’s unrelated apocalyptic symbol of final rebellious nations.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: a nagy fehér trón
Transliteration: ho thronos ho megas ho leukos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός
Category: Judgment
20:11. Must retain the sense of a single, final, unappealable judgment.
Freely Without Cost
Approved rendering: ajándékul / ingyen
Transliteration: dōrean
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Frame
Rejected alternatives: ajándékul mint ‘olcsón/könnyen’, az érdemtelen adomány jelentésének elvesztésével
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
21:6; 22:17. Must echo, without resolving, the baseline’s Critical ‘kegyelem’ doctrinal-neutrality note.
Overcomers Sonship
Approved rendering: fiú
Transliteration: huios
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: fiú összemosva a fenntartott ‘Isten Fia’ kifejezéssel
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
21:7. Must not be confused with, nor rendered with, the baseline’s reserved Critical phrase ‘Isten Fia,’ exclusive to Christ’s unique divine Sonship; this is the redeemed believer’s adoptive, covenantal son-status.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: Jöjj, Uram Jézus!
Transliteration: Erchou, Kyrie Iēsou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Christology
22:20. Reuse baseline ‘Úr,’ ‘Jézus’ exactly; render with the same warmth within formal register the baseline calls for in Romans 8 and 10:9.
Cowardly Unbelieving
Approved rendering: félelmesek / hitetlenek
Transliteration: deilos / apistos
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλός / ἄπιστος
Category: Faith
21:8. ‘Hitetlenek’ must retain the baseline’s ‘hit’ (faith) root so the contrast with ‘hit’ elsewhere in the curriculum remains visible.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification Consummated in the New Creation
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 4:8; 21:2,10; 22:11,19.
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Refers to the seven local congregations addressed in 1:4,11,20; 2:1-3:22.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Isten országa
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Climactic declaration at 11:15 (‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord’); also 1:9; 12:10.
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ in Revelation
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Intensifies as the New Jerusalem’s literal light source (21:11,23,24,26); also 1:6; 4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 11:13; 15:8; 18:1; 19:1,7.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pogányok / nemzetek
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Continuity of Israel and the Church
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation frequently intends the neutral ‘nemzetek’ (nations) sense (11:2,18; 12:5; 14:8; 15:4; 18:3,23; 19:15; 20:3,8; 21:24,26; 22:2); select per baseline guidance depending on hostile-outsider vs. neutral-nations sense.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Frame
Inherited from Romans package. Opening greeting ‘grace and peace’ (1:4), paired with ‘kegyelem’ exactly as in the Romans epistolary pattern.
Sin
Approved rendering: bűn
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Inherited from Romans package. 1:5 (‘freed us from our sins by his blood’); background contrast for 22:3’s ‘no more curse.‘
Adoption
Approved rendering: örökbefogadás
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptual background for the overcomer’s adoptive sonship at 21:7 (‘fiú’); kept distinct from the reserved Critical ‘Isten Fia.‘
Providence
Approved rendering: gondviselés
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the throne-room governance imagery (4:1-11; 17:17); must retain personal, purposive governance, not impersonal fate.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Isten ereje
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Inherited from Romans package. Present in heavenly doxologies ascribing ‘power’ to God/the Lamb (1:6; 5:13; 7:12; 11:17; 12:10; 19:1).
Mission
Approved rendering: misszió
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Inherited from Romans package. Background for the ‘eternal gospel’ proclaimed to every nation, tribe, language and people (14:6).
Almighty
Approved rendering: Mindenható
Transliteration: Pantokratōr
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22. Standard, shared divine title.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: élet fája
Transliteration: to xylon tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
2:7; 22:2,14,19. Edenic restoration imagery; low ambiguity.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: Dávid kulcsa
Transliteration: hē kleis Dabid
Doctrine: Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαβίδ
Category: Covenant
3:7. Messianic authority image (Isaiah 22:22); reuse baseline ‘Dávid.‘
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: elrejtett manna
Transliteration: to manna to kekrymmenon
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ μάννα τὸ κεκρυμμένον
Category: Eschatology
2:17. Exodus manna typology; requires an OT background note for less catechized readers.
Throne
Approved rendering: trón
Transliteration: thronos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
Recurs ~40 times throughout. Central image of God’s absolute sovereign rule; low lexical ambiguity, high doctrinal weight.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: élőlények
Transliteration: ta zōa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: élőlények mint a négy evangélista szimbóluma (nem szövegi katolikus műalkotási hagyomány)
Original: τὰ ζῷα
Category: Worship
4:6-9; 5:6-14; 6:1-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4. Distinguish the text’s own imagery from the non-textual Catholic art convention identifying the four figures with the four Evangelists.
Scroll
Approved rendering: könyv
Transliteration: biblion
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
5:1-9; 10:2,8-10. God’s sovereign plan for history, which only the Lamb is worthy to open.
Seal
Approved rendering: pecsét
Transliteration: sphragis
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
5:1-9; 6:1-7:8; 8:1. Standard sealing imagery, low lexical ambiguity.
Altar
Approved rendering: oltár
Transliteration: thysiastērion
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Worship
6:9; 8:3-5; 9:13; 14:18; 16:7. Standard sacrificial vocabulary, low lexical ambiguity.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: oltár alatt lévő lelkek
Transliteration: psychai hypokatō tou thysiastēriou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψυχαί ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου
Category: Judgment
6:9-11. The martyred dead crying for vindication; must retain its forward-looking, unresolved tension, not be prematurely answered within this scene.
Abyss
Approved rendering: mélység / szakadék
Transliteration: abyssos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3. Must be distinguished from Hades and the lake of fire as three distinct realms in the text’s own cosmology.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: Isten titka
Transliteration: mystērion tou theou
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closed Canon of This Prophecy
Original: μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
10:7. Standard Pauline-Johannine usage; low ambiguity in Hungarian.
Dragon
Approved rendering: sárkány
Transliteration: drakōn
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: δράκων
Category: Judgment
12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2. Hungarian folklore has rich, largely unrelated dragon imagery; the text’s own explicit identification as Satan (12:9) must be prominent in teaching notes.
Michael The Archangel
Approved rendering: Mihály arkangyal
Transliteration: Michaēl
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: God
12:7. Elaborated further in Catholic devotional practice (Michaelmas, exorcism prayers) than in Reformed tradition; the text’s own statement (12:7-9,11) is plain and attributes decisive victory to ‘the blood of the Lamb.‘
Winepress Of Gods Wrath
Approved rendering: Isten haragjának borsajtója
Transliteration: lēnos tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
14:19-20; 19:15. θυμός (passionate wrath) vs. ὀργή (settled wrath) both render Hungarian ‘harag’; distinction is for teaching purposes only.
Rest From Their Labors
Approved rendering: megnyugosznak munkáiktól
Transliteration: anapausontai ek tōn kopōn autōn
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ἀναπαύσονται ἐκ τῶν κόπων αὐτῶν
Category: Eschatology
14:13. Reformed tradition reads this immediate rest as consonant with settled assurance; Catholic tradition holds it alongside purgatorial purification prior to final rest; teach the text’s own plain statement without adjudicating the systematic dispute.
Blaspheme The Name Of God
Approved rendering: megátalkodottan gyalázzák Isten nevét
Transliteration: blasphēmeō to onoma tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: βλασφημέω τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Sin
16:9,11,21. Standard vocabulary, low lexical ambiguity.
The Great Harlot
Approved rendering: a nagy parázna
Transliteration: hē pornē hē megalē
Doctrine: Babylon and Worldly Power
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
17:1-18:24; 19:2. Standard OT prophetic-symbolic idiom (Hosea, Ezekiel); pastoral sensitivity required for the gendered imagery.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: élet könyve
Transliteration: to biblion tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27. Standard, low-ambiguity image; continues the doctrine of election’s assurance without adjudicating its systematic reading.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: új
Transliteration: kainos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
21:1,2,5; 3:12; 5:9; 14:3. Hungarian lacks a lexical neos/kainos distinction; the qualitative newness (not merely sequential) must be carried by teaching notes, not word choice alone.
Nothing Unclean
Approved rendering: semmi tisztátalan
Transliteration: ouden koinon
Doctrine: Sanctification Consummated in the New Creation
Original: οὐδὲν κοινόν
Category: Sanctification
21:27. Reuse baseline sanctification conceptual field; final, complete purity of the consummated people of God, presented as an accomplished state.
See His Face
Approved rendering: látják az ő arcát
Transliteration: opsontai to prosōpon autou
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and the Vision of God
Original: ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ
Category: Faith
22:4. Catholic scholastic ‘beatific vision’ category (Benedictus Deus, 1336) vs. Reformed plain-promise reading; teach the text’s own plain promise without requiring either tradition’s developed framework.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: nem lesz többé átok
Transliteration: ouk estai… katara
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐκ ἔσται… κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
22:3. Reuse baseline ‘bűn’ conceptual field as background contrast; final reversal of the Genesis 3 curse.
Canon Warning
Approved rendering: ha valaki hozzátesz… ha valaki elvesz
Transliteration: ean tis epithē ep’ auta… aphelē apo tōn logōn
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closed Canon of This Prophecy
Original: ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ’ αὐτά… ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων
Category: Covenant
22:18-19. Reuse baseline Inspiration of Scripture doctrine note; specific to this book’s own text, not a general statement about the whole biblical canon’s formation.
Sea Symbolic
Approved rendering: tenger
Transliteration: thalassa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: tenger mint jövőbeli, szó szerinti víztelen földrajz
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Eschatology
21:1; also 13:1 as chaos-origin symbol. Literal rendering is safe, but teaching notes must state this is symbolic removal of chaos, guarding against literalist speculation about future geography.
Tabernacle Dwelling
Approved rendering: hajlék / lakozik
Transliteration: skēnē / skēnoō
Doctrine: Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Rejected alternatives: ‘él velük’ (a hajlék/John 1:14 visszhang elvesztésével)
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Covenant
21:3. Should echo the Hungarian rendering tradition of John 1:14 for intertextual resonance; must not be flattened to a generic ‘él velük.‘
Death Thanatos
Approved rendering: halál
Transliteration: thanatos
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: halál mint csak részleges vagy ideiglenes legyőzés
Original: θάνατος
Category: Judgment
6:8; 20:14; 21:4. Must retain the definitive, final, once-for-all sense (‘nem lesz többé’) rather than a merely provisional victory over death.
Mourning Crying Pain
Approved rendering: gyász, kiáltás, fájdalom
Transliteration: penthos, kraugē, ponos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος
Category: Eschatology
21:4. The definitiveness (‘nem lesz többé’) must be preserved and not softened into a merely reduced future presence of suffering.
Spring Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: az élet vizének forrása
Transliteration: pēgē tou hydatos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Frame
Original: πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
21:6; 22:1,17. Echoes John 4:14; 7:38; ties to freely_without_cost and the baseline grace doctrine.
Inherit
Approved rendering: örököl
Transliteration: klēronomeō
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: örököl mint kiérdemelt bér
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
21:7. Standard; the inheritance/wage distinction (a covenant gift, not an earned wage) must be retained.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: Dávid
Transliteration: Dabid
Doctrine: Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Original: Δαβίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 3:7 (‘key of David’); 5:5 (‘root of David’); 22:16.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Israēl
Doctrine: Continuity of Israel and the Church
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 2:14; 7:4 (144,000 ‘of the tribes of Israel’); 21:12.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Continuity of Israel and the Church
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2:2; 18:20; 21:14 (the New Jerusalem’s foundations bear the twelve apostles’ names).
Prophet
Approved rendering: próféta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closed Canon of This Prophecy
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1:3; 10:7; 11:3,10,18; 16:6; 18:20,24; 19:10; 22:6-9. Distinguish from ‘hamis próféta’ (false prophet, ch. 13).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prófécia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closed Canon of This Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The book explicitly calls itself ‘this prophecy’ (1:3; 22:7,10,18-19).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: hálaadás
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Inherited from Romans package. Present in the heavenly doxologies (4:9; 7:12; 11:17).
White Stone
Approved rendering: fehér kő
Transliteration: psēphos leukē
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ψῆφος λευκή
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
2:17. An ancient token of acquittal/admission; obscure custom needs an explanatory note, not a doctrinal flag.
New Name
Approved rendering: új név
Transliteration: onoma kainon
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὄνομα καινόν
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
2:17. Ties to the broader ‘new’ (kainos) vocabulary field.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: langyos
Transliteration: chliaros
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Sanctification
3:16. Natural, well-working Hungarian idiom for spiritual complacency.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: trombita
Transliteration: salpinx
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Judgment
8:2-9:14; 11:15. Standard announcement-of-judgment imagery.
Apollyon Abaddon
Approved rendering: Apollüón / Abaddon
Transliteration: Apollyōn / Abaddōn
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Ἀπολλύων / Ἀβαδδών
Category: Judgment
9:11. Proper name given in both Greek and Hebrew forms in the text; transliterate both.
Sea Of Glass
Approved rendering: kristálytenger / üvegtenger
Transliteration: thalassa hyalinē
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη
Category: Worship
4:6; 15:2. Heavenly throne-room imagery, symbolic and minimal doctrinal risk.
Waters As Peoples
Approved rendering: a vizek népeket jelentenek
Transliteration: ta hydata… laoi kai ochloi
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: τὰ ὕδατα… λαοὶ καὶ ὄχλοι
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
17:15. A rare case where the text itself supplies its own symbolic decoding — the model for symbolic interpretation generally.
People Laos
Approved rendering: nép
Transliteration: laos
Doctrine: Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Original: λαός
Category: Church
21:3. Standard; ties to Continuity of Israel and the Church.
Referenced passages