Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Matthew 1–28 (English → Hungarian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every chapter of Matthew. Terms already fixed by the baseline Romans Language Package are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and MUST NOT be altered. New terms introduced by the Matthew curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed for addition to the project’s translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json following the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Language Package
| Term (EN) | Greek | Hungarian | Risk | Matthew Doctrine Link | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | Isten | Critical | All doctrines | No change from baseline. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jézus | Critical | All doctrines | No change from baseline. |
| Messiah/Christ (title use) | Χριστός / Μεσσίας | Messiás | Critical | Messiah/Son of David; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Baseline entry; see also Krisztus as proper-name component, Part B. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Isten Fia | Critical | Messiah/Son of David; Authority; Judgment | Must stay distinct from Matthew 5:9’s plural “sons of God” (Part B). |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Szentlélek | Critical | Great Commission; all Trinitarian passages | No change from baseline. |
| Father | πατήρ | Atya | Critical | Great Commission; Lord’s Prayer | No change from baseline. |
| Lord | κύριος | Úr | Critical | Authority; Judgment | No change from baseline. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις | feltámadás | Critical | Judgment; Great Commission | No change from baseline. |
| David | Δαυίδ | Dávid | Low | Messiah/Son of David | No change from baseline. |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Izrael | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | No change from baseline. |
| Kingdom of God (occasional Matthean use) | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Isten országa | Medium | Kingdom of Heaven | Cross-referenced with mennyek országa (Part B); same referent. |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | egyház | Medium | Church and Church Discipline | No change from baseline. |
| Law | νόμος | törvény | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | No change from baseline. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | bűn | Medium | Church Discipline; Judgment | No change from baseline. |
| Gentiles / Nations | ἔθνη | pogányok / nemzetek | Medium | Great Commission | Use nemzetek for the neutral “all nations” sense (Matt 28:19); pogányok for the polemical/exclusionary sense (Matt 18:17). |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | igazság | Critical | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | See extended note, Part B — Matthean ethical-practice sense vs. Romans’ forensic sense. |
| Justification | δικαίωσις | megigazulás | Critical | (background doctrine) | Reused where relevant to teaching notes distinguishing forensic status from ethical practice. |
| Grace | χάρις | kegyelem | Critical | Workers in the Vineyard (ch. 20) | Must stay distinct from irgalom/irgalmasság (Part B). |
| Faith | πίστις | hit | High | Centurion’s faith; Discipleship | No change from baseline. |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | üdvösség | Critical | (background doctrine) | No change from baseline. |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | evangélium | High | Great Commission | No change from baseline. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostol | Low | Sending of the Twelve | No change from baseline. |
| Called/Calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | elhívott / elhívás | High | Calling of the disciples | No change from baseline. |
| Holy / Saints | ἅγιος / ἅγιοι | szent / szentek | High | Sainthood | No change from baseline. |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός | megszentelődés | High | Righteousness; Discipleship | No change from baseline. |
| Adoption | υἱοθεσία | örökbefogadás | Medium | Beatitudes (inheritance, 5:5) | No change from baseline. |
| Glory | δόξα | dicsőség | Medium | Transfiguration (ch. 17) | No change from baseline. |
| Covenant | διαθήκη | szövetség | Critical | Last Supper (ch. 26) | No change from baseline. |
| Election | ἐκλογή | kiválasztás | Critical | (background, ransom “for many,” ch. 20) | No change from baseline. |
| Intercession | — | közbenjárás | High | (background) | No change from baseline; not a primary Matthew term but retained for consistency. |
| Providence | πρόνοια | gondviselés | Medium | Rich Young Man (ch. 19) | No change from baseline. |
| Mission | ἀποστολή | misszió | Medium | Great Commission | No change from baseline. |
| Seed of David | σπέρμα Δαυίδ | Dávid leszármazottja | Medium | Messiah/Son of David | Distinct from the titular Dávid Fia (Part B). |
| Prophet / Prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | próféta / prófécia | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | No change from baseline. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | béke | Medium | Peacemakers (5:9) | No change from baseline; horizontal application noted. |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | buzdítani | Low | — | See disambiguation note under megvigasztal, Part B — same Greek root, different sense in Matt 5:4. |
B. New Terms Introduced by the Matthew Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Hungarian | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Notes / Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν / basileia tōn ouranōn | mennyek országa | High | The Kingdom of Heaven | ”égi/mennyei birodalom” (implies a spatial celestial realm distinct from God’s present reign) | Same referent as baseline’s Isten országa; risk that readers infer two separate kingdoms. Must be glossed at first occurrence as synonymous with the baseline term. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου / huios tou anthrōpou | Emberfia | Critical | Judgment and End of Age; Messiah/Son of David; Authority | ”ember fia” as a merely generic human-being phrase, stripped of the title’s Daniel 7 exaltation background | Central Christological self-designation combining humility (genuine humanity) and exalted divine authority/judgment (Daniel 7:13-14); must be capitalized and treated as a fixed title, never a generic description of “a human.” |
| Son of David (titular address) | υἱὸς Δαυίδ / huios Dauid | Dávid Fia | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David | Collapsing into the baseline’s lowercase, genealogical “Dávid leszármazottja” | Distinct from the baseline’s genealogical seed-of-David term; this is a worship-directed messianic acclamation (21:9; 9:27; 15:22; 20:30-31), parallel in weight to Messiás. |
| Authority | ἐξουσία / exousia | hatalom | High | The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | A rendering limited to political/institutional power only | Hungarian “hatalom” carries strong political-power connotations; must be anchored to Jesus’ inherent, divine authority (teaching, forgiving sin, nature, judgment), not delegated office. |
| Fulfill / Fulfillment | πληρόω / plēroō | beteljesít / beteljesedik | High | Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | ”abolish and replace” (contradicts 5:17); “merely predict-then-happen” (too thin) | Structurally central verb for Matthew’s formula quotations and for Jesus’ claim about the Law (5:17); must convey bringing to full, intended completion. |
| Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι / Pharisaioi | farizeusok | Low | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Using as a generic pejorative for “legalists” detached from the historical group | Proper group name; pastoral note against anti-Judaic misuse required. |
| Scribes | γραμματεῖς / grammateis | írástudók | Low | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Authority | — | Standard, established rendering. |
| Bind and Loose | δέω / λύω / deō/lyō | megkötni és feloldani | Critical | The Church and Church Discipline | Reading as exclusively priestly sacramental absolution (Catholic-only) OR exclusively congregational majority-vote authority (Reformed-only) as the text’s sole meaning | Same fault line as baseline’s election/predestination Critical entries; occurs in both apostolic-authority (16:19) and congregational-discipline (18:18) contexts — translate Matthew’s own wording in each context without adjudicating the papal/congregational authority debate. |
| Keys of the Kingdom | κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας / kleis tēs basileias | a mennyek országának kulcsai | Critical | The Church and Church Discipline | Rendering that presupposes a unique, transferable Petrine office (Catholic papal reading) as the only valid sense, or that flattens it to mere “gospel proclamation” excluding any authoritative structure (a minimizing Reformed-only reading) | The single sharpest Hungarian Catholic/Reformed ecclesiological fault line, comparable to election/predestination; flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| Rock (foundation of the church) | πέτρα / petra | kőszikla | Critical | The Church and Church Discipline | Forcing exclusively “Peter as unique foundational office” (Catholic) or exclusively “Peter’s confession/Christ alone” (Reformed) as the text’s only stated meaning | Distinct from the OT-quotation “stone” (kő, 21:42); translate Matthew 16:18’s own grammar and immediate context without adjudicating the papal-authority question. |
| Forgive (interpersonal) | ἀφίημι / aphiēmi | megbocsát | High | The Church and Church Discipline | Conflating with the Critical forensic megigazulás; assuming priestly absolution is the necessary mediating mechanism | Horizontal, interpersonal forgiveness modeled on and grounded in God’s prior forgiveness (18:21-35); keep distinct from justification doctrine. |
| Baptism / Baptize | βάπτισμα, βαπτίζω / baptisma, baptizō | keresztség / megkeresztel | Critical | The Great Commission | Assuming either strict ex opere operato regenerative efficacy (Catholic-only) or a purely symbolic sign devoid of covenantal significance (a minimizing reading) as the text’s settled position | NEW entry, absent from the Romans baseline. Both major Hungarian traditions practice infant baptism but differ on sacramental theology; describe Matthew’s own baptism references (John’s, Jesus’, and the Great Commission’s) without adjudicating the wider sacramental debate. |
| Make Disciples | μαθητεύω / mathēteuō | tanítvánnyá tesz | Medium | The Great Commission; Discipleship | Reducing to “inform/persuade” rather than an ongoing formation process | An active, formative imperative — not mere information transfer. |
| Disciple | μαθητής / mathētēs | tanítvány | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Conflating with the broader, non-committed “crowds” (ὄχλοι) | Keep distinct from sokaság (crowd); the inner, committed circle. |
| Follow | ἀκολουθέω / akoloutheō | követ | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | — | Standard rendering; ensure it conveys committed, costly following, not casual accompaniment. |
| Cross (discipleship image) | σταυρός / stauros | kereszt | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Colloquial flattening to “any burden” (“ez a keresztem”) | Recover the specifically Christ-identifying, self-denying, potentially fatal, freely chosen sense against common colloquial dilution. |
| Crucify | σταυρόω / stauroō | megfeszít | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah; Judgment | — | Standard, unambiguous term; risk is under-weighting its doctrinal connection to the ransom (ch. 20) and covenant-blood (ch. 26) sayings, not lexical ambiguity. |
| Deny (self / Christ) | ἀπαρνέομαι / aparneomai | megtagad | Medium | Discipleship; Peter’s failure (ch. 26) | — | Same verb powers both positive self-denial (16:24) and negative denial of Christ (26:69-75); context must disambiguate. |
| Ransom | λύτρον / lytron | váltságdíj | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah; Discipleship (Christ’s example) | Ransom-theory renderings implying payment made to a captor (e.g., Satan) as a third party | Anchor to Christ’s voluntary, substitutionary self-giving, not a transaction with an external captor; flag alongside baseline’s atonement/propitiation escalation rule. |
| For Many | ἀντὶ πολλῶν / anti pollōn | sokakért | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah (atonement scope) | Resolving the scope-of-atonement question in either a universalist or a strictly-limited direction beyond the text’s own wording | Overlaps the baseline’s Critical election/grace fault line; translate the text’s own wording without resolving the wider systematic debate. |
| Tradition (of the elders) | παράδοσις / paradosis | hagyomány (emberi hagyomány) | Critical | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; (background: Inspiration of Scripture) | Blanket condemnation of all tradition as such (misrepresents Catholic Sacred-Tradition doctrine); softening Jesus’ specific critique of tradition wrongly wielded (misrepresents Reformed sola scriptura reading) | Direct Catholic Sacred Tradition vs. Reformed sola scriptura fault line; translate Jesus’ specific argument (15:3-6) about tradition nullifying God’s actual command, not a general verdict on tradition. |
| Mystery (of the Kingdom) | μυστήριον / mystērion | titok | High | The Kingdom of Heaven | Reading through the Catholic sacramental-mystery (“mysterium”) frame, or as esoteric gnosis for initiates only | Previously hidden, now-revealed kingdom truth, received according to the hearer’s heart-disposition (Sower parable); not a sacrament, not secret gnosis. |
| End of the Age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος / synteleia tou aiōnos | a világ vége / e világkor végezete | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | Vague “someday” softening that loses the decisive, once-for-all judgment sense | Must render identically at every occurrence (13:39-40, 49; 24:3; 28:20) per Theological Consistency Rules. |
| Coming (Parousia) | παρουσία / parousia | eljövetel (var. megjelenése) | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | Reducing to a vague “arrival” without the public, unmistakable, official sense | Consistent with ch. 25 judgment scenes and 28:20; distinct from the incarnational first advent. |
| Eternal (life / punishment) | αἰώνιος / aiōnios | örök | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | Any rendering implying differing duration for “eternal life” vs. “eternal punishment” | Grammatical parallelism (25:46) must be preserved identically for both destinies; flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| Punishment (final judgment) | κόλασις / kolasis | büntetés (var. kárhozat) | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | Softening to a merely disciplinary/corrective sense | Judicial, final consequence; paired with örök above. |
| Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα / blasphēmia eis to Pneuma | Szentlélek elleni káromlás | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Reading as covering ordinary doubt or momentary unbelief | Requires careful pastoral framing to avoid unwarranted despair; distinguish willful, hardened rejection from ordinary doubt. |
| Hypocrisy | ὑπόκρισις / hypokrisis | képmutatás | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Blanket ethnic/religious slur usage | Gap between outward performance and inward reality; keep tied to specific described practices. |
| Love (Greatest Commandment) | ἀγάπη, ἀγαπάω / agapē, agapaō | szeretet / szeret | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Romantic or merely emotional-affection readings | NEW entry, absent from Romans baseline despite centrality; anchor to willed, comprehensive devotion to God and active goodwill to neighbor (22:37-39). |
| Mammon | μαμωνᾶς / mamōnas | Mammon (retained loanword) | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Flattening to generic “vagyon/money,” losing personification | Personified rival-god image; retain the transliterated loanword per Károli tradition. |
| Yoke | ζυγός / zygos | iga | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Discipleship | — | Metaphor for the burden of law/tradition, contrasted with Jesus’ “light” yoke (11:29-30). |
| Temptation | πειρασμός / peirasmos | kísértés | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | — | Standard term; ranges from neutral testing to hostile temptation to sin. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια, μετανοέω / metanoia, metanoeō | megtérés / megtér | High | The Kingdom of Heaven; Discipleship | Reducing to sacramental confession alone (Catholic-only reading); reducing to a bare mental change with no required change of life (a thin reading) | Catholic sacramental Penance vs. Reformed direct, unmediated repentance fault line; translate Matthew’s own sense (decisive reorientation evidenced in changed living). |
| Virgin | παρθένος / parthenos | szűz | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah; (background Incarnation) | Importing or denying either tradition’s fuller Marian doctrine (perpetual virginity, Immaculate Conception, veneration) | Strong Hungarian Catholic Marian-devotional associations vs. Reformed non-Marian reading of the same miraculous-conception fact; anchor strictly to Matthew’s own claim. |
| Immanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ / Emmanouēl | Immánuel (glossed “Isten velünk”) | High | Jesus as the Promised Messiah; (background Incarnation) | Translating only the meaning and dropping the proper-name quality | Retain as transliterated name with gloss, per established convention. |
| Blessed | μακάριος / makarios | boldog | High | (Beatitudes; foundational to all nine doctrines via the Sermon on the Mount) | A rendering limited to subjective “happy” feeling | Established Károli-tradition term; must be taught as an objective divine pronouncement of favor, not a report of emotional state. |
| Poor in Spirit | πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι / ptōchoi tō pneumati | lelki szegények | Medium | Beatitudes; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | ”alázatosak” alone (loses destitution force); commending material poverty as such | Complete spiritual destitution/dependence on God, not mere modesty or economic poverty. |
| Comforted (Matt 5:4 sense) | παρακαλέω / parakaleō | megvigasztaltatnak / megvigasztalódnak | High (disambiguation flag) | Beatitudes | Rendering as buzdítani (the baseline’s “exhort” sense) | Same Greek root as baseline’s “exhort” term but a distinct sense here (comfort, not exhortation); context-sensitive — flag to prevent mechanical translation-memory misapplication. |
| Meek | πραεῖς / praeis (πραΰς) | szelíd | Low | Beatitudes; Discipleship | Implying weakness/timidity | Strength held under control, modeled on Moses and on Christ (11:29; 21:5). |
| Inherit | κληρονομέω / klēronomeō | öröklik / örökségül bírják | Medium | Beatitudes; (background Adoption) | Vague “will have/get” | Legal-inheritance sense, linking to baseline’s adoption/heirship doctrine. |
| Mercy / Merciful | ἔλεος, ἐλεήμων / eleos, eleēmōn | irgalom / irgalmasak | High | Beatitudes; Judgment (sheep and goats) | Conflation with kegyelem (grace) | Must remain terminologically distinct from the baseline’s Critical kegyelem entry; compassion toward suffering/need, not unmerited salvific favor per se. |
| Pure in Heart | καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ / katharoi tē kardia | tiszta szívűek | Medium | Beatitudes; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Reducing to ceremonial/ritual cleanness (confusable with ch. 15’s clean/unclean vocabulary) | Moral/volitional integrity and undivided devotion, distinct from ceremonial purity. |
| Peacemaker | εἰρηνοποιός / eirēnopoios | békességre igyekvő / békességteremtő | Medium | Beatitudes | — | Active, costly reconciling work, horizontal application of baseline’s béke. |
| Sons of God (plural, adoptive, Matt 5:9) | υἱοὶ Θεοῦ / huioi Theou | Isten fiainak (neveztetnek) | Critical | Beatitudes; (background Sonship of Christ) | Any rendering confusable with the fixed singular title Isten Fia | Must remain visibly and grammatically distinct (plural, general) from the baseline’s Critical, definite Christological title; cross-reference required. |
| Persecuted | διώκω / diōkō | üldöz(ik) | Medium | Beatitudes; Discipleship | — | Ranges from social exclusion to violent persecution. |
| Reward | μισθός / misthos | jutalom | Medium | Beatitudes; (background Grace) | Implying autonomous merit secures the reward | Grace-empowered faithfulness, not independently earned wage; parallel caution to baseline’s grace-merit tension (cf. Workers in the Vineyard, ch. 20). |
| Mourn | πενθέω / pentheō | sír(nak) / gyászol(nak) | Low | Beatitudes | — | Genuine grief over loss/sin/brokenness, promised comfort. |
| The One Who Is to Come | ὁ ἐρχόμενος / ho erchomenos | aki eljövendő / a Jövendő | High | Jesus as the Promised Messiah | — | Messianic title parallel in force to Messiás; John the Baptist’s question (11:3). |
| Sabbath | σάββατον / sabbaton | szombat | Low | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Authority | — | Standard term; site of authority controversies. |
| As a Gentile and a Tax Collector | ὡς τὸν ἐθνικὸν καὶ τὸν τελώνην | mint a pogányt és a vámszedőt | High | The Church and Church Discipline | Casual social shunning (misses the due-process, formal-exclusion sense); permanent write-off (misses the ongoing-mission corrective) | Formal, due-process exclusion after unrepented refusal to reconcile; such persons remain objects of mission (cf. ch. 28). |
| King of the Jews | βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | a zsidók királya | Medium | Jesus as the Promised Messiah | — | Ironic Pilate-authored title truthfully naming Jesus’ messianic kingship. |
| Hosanna | ὡσαννά / hōsanna | Hozsánna | Low | Jesus as the Promised Messiah | — | Established transliteration; fixed liturgical acclamation from Psalm 118. |
| Stone the Builders Rejected | ὁ λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες | kő, amelyet az építők megvetettek | Medium | Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy | Conflating with the ecclesiological “rock” (kőszikla) of ch. 16 | Keep the OT-quotation “stone” (kő) image distinct from Matthew 16:18’s “rock” (kőszikla) image. |
| Transfigured | μεταμορφόω / metamorphoō | elváltozott / megdicsőült | Medium | (background: Deity of Christ / Glory) | — | Link to baseline’s dicsőség; low syncretism risk in Hungarian culture. |
| All Authority | πᾶσα ἐξουσία / pasa exousia | minden hatalom | High | The Great Commission; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | — | Intensified, totalized form of hatalom (ch. 8-9); explicit ground of the Commission. |
| Make Disciples of All Nations | μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | tegyetek tanítvánnyá minden népet/nemzetet | Medium | The Great Commission | Rendering ἔθνη as pogányok here | Use nemzetek/népek per the baseline’s own gentiles/nations distinction; neutral universal-scope sense intended. |
| Parable | παραβολή / parabolē | példázat | Low | The Kingdom of Heaven | — | Standard, well-established term. |
| Tribulation | θλῖψις / thlipsis | nyomorúság / megpróbáltatás | Medium | Judgment and the End of the Age; Discipleship | — | Intense suffering/persecution, intensified eschatologically. |
C. Cross-Reference Notes for Theological Consistency
| Rule | Rationale |
|---|---|
| mennyek országa and Isten országa must be explicitly glossed as synonymous at first joint occurrence | Prevents readers from inferring two separate kingdoms; both terms appear across Matthew. |
| Emberfia (Son of Man) must never be rendered generically as “ember fia” without the capitalized-title convention | Preserves the Daniel 7 exaltation background essential to this Christological title. |
| Dávid Fia (titular) and Dávid leszármazottja (genealogical, baseline) must remain visibly distinct renderings | Same underlying Davidic-descent fact, but different rhetorical function (worship acclamation vs. lineage statement). |
| irgalom/irgalmasság (mercy) must never substitute for or be substituted by kegyelem (grace) | Protects the baseline’s Critical grace-doctrine boundary from erosion by loose devotional-register conflation. |
| kőszikla (Matt 16:18, ecclesiological rock) and kő (Matt 21:42, OT-quotation stone) must remain distinct renderings | Prevents conflating two separate biblical images under one Hungarian word. |
| örök must be used identically for both “eternal life” and “eternal punishment” (Matt 25:46) | Preserves the verse’s own grammatical parallelism; no differing-duration implication permitted. |
| a világ vége / e világkor végezete (end of the age) must be rendered identically at every occurrence (13:39-40, 49; 24:3; 28:20) | Preserves the inclusio linking the kingdom parables, Olivet Discourse, and the Great Commission’s closing promise. |
| megvigasztaltatnak (Matt 5:4, comfort) must never be rendered as buzdítani (baseline “exhort”) despite the shared Greek root | Prevents mechanical translation-memory misapplication across unrelated senses of παρακαλέω. |
| Isten fiainak (Matt 5:9, plural adoptive sonship) must remain visibly distinct from Isten Fia (singular Christological title) | Directly extends the baseline’s own son_of_god disambiguation rule into the Beatitudes. |
This glossary must be merged into the project’s translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json prior to Phase 2 segment translation of Matthew, per the escalation procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.” All Critical and High risk new terms require theologian review and sign-off before first use in a translated segment.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Appears throughout Matthew (1:23; 3:9; 5:8-9; 22:37; 28:19).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Standard across all Hungarian Christian traditions.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messiás
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Matthew this is the titular, fulfillment-asserting use (1:17; 2:4; 16:16; 26:63), distinct from the bare proper-name use rendered Krisztus (see christ_proper_name, Section B).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Isten Fia
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isten fia általános értelemben, minden hívőre alkalmazva
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Must remain visibly distinct from Matthew 5:9/5:45’s plural, adoptive ‘sons of God’ (see sons_of_god_plural, Section B); conflating the two dilutes Christ’s unique divine Sonship into a shared honorific status.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification / Trinitarian Baptism
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central to Matthew 3:16-17’s Trinitarian tableau and the 28:19 baptismal formula.
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central to the Lord’s Prayer (6:9) and the peacemaker/adoptive-sonship Beatitude (5:9, 45).
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Title of address to Jesus throughout Matthew (8:2, 25; 14:30; 15:22).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Transliteration: anastasis / egēgertai
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγήγερται
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 28:11-15 uniquely records the guards’ bribed ‘stolen body’ counter-narrative; translation must narrate this as the refuted false report the text itself rejects, never lending it credence.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, EXTENDED for Matthew’s ethical-practice sense (5:6, 5:10, 5:20, 6:33). Reformed-formed readers risk collapsing this into the baseline’s forensic megigazulás alone; Catholic-formed readers risk reading confirmation of meritorious, infused righteousness. Standing teaching note required at every Matthean ethical occurrence clarifying lived righteousness flowing from relationship with God, neither purely forensic status nor merit accumulation.
Justification
Approved rendering: megigazulás
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees (background)
Rejected alternatives: fokozatos belső megszentelődés kizárólag, jogi kijelentés nélkül (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained as background doctrine to distinguish forensic status from Matthew’s ethical righteousness usage (see righteousness).
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace Versus Merit in Kingdom Reward
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Workers in the Vineyard parable (20:1-16) is Matthew’s own instance of the grace-versus-merit tension the baseline documents for Romans 4:4-5 and 11:5-6; must not be conflated with the distinct mercy term (see mercy, Section B).
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Ransom and Substitutionary Atonement (background)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained as background doctrine underlying the ransom and atonement material of chapters 20, 26-27.
Covenant
Approved rendering: szövetség
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant in Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: szövetség kizárólag jogi vagy politikai szerződésként
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 26:28’s ‘my blood of the covenant’ applies this to the new covenant inaugurated by Christ’s sacrificial blood; connects the baseline’s covenant caution (Reformed federal theology vs. its absence in Catholic systematics) to atonement language.
Election
Approved rendering: kiválasztás
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Ransom and Substitutionary Atonement (scope background)
Rejected alternatives: kiválasztás, mely emberi együttműködés nélkül értelmezhetetlen (szinergista olvasat kényszerítése), kiválasztás mint szabad akarat nélküli, vak végzet (fatalista félreolvasás)
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained as background doctrine relevant to the scope-of-atonement question raised by ‘for many’ (20:28; see for_many, Section B).
Christ Proper Name
Approved rendering: Krisztus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: Messiás alkalmazása minden Χριστός előfordulásra, a névhasználat elmosásával
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry distinguishing name-function from title-function of Χριστός. Use Krisztus when the Greek functions as part of the composite proper name (‘Jézus Krisztus,’ 1:1, 1:16, 1:18); use messiah/Messiás when the text makes a titular, fulfillment-claim (1:17; 2:4; 16:16; 26:63). Misapplication that collapses titular occurrences into the bare name renders the fulfillment-claim invisible; require a disambiguation flag at every occurrence in Phase 2.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Emberfia
Transliteration: ho huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: The Son of Man as Judge and Suffering Servant
Rejected alternatives: ember fia (generikus emberi lény leírása, a Dániel 7 háttér nélkül)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Coined/retained as a single capitalized compound word, never rendered as lowercase generic ‘ember fia,’ which would strip the Daniel 7:13-14 exaltation-and-judgment background from Jesus’ central self-designation (8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:27-28; 24:27-31; 25:31; 26:64). Never flatten into a generic ‘enlightened humanity’ archetype (a New-Age paraphrase risk).
Son Of David Titular
Approved rendering: Dávid Fia
Transliteration: huios Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: Dávid leszármazottja alkalmazása a dicsőítő megszólításra (a genealógiai és a messiási cím összemosása)
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW entry, related to but distinct from the baseline’s genealogical Dávid leszármazottja. A worship-directed messianic acclamation (9:27; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9), parallel in weight to Messiás. Must remain capitalized and visibly distinct from the lowercase, genealogical rendering.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: megkötni és feloldani
Transliteration: deō / lyō
Doctrine: Church Discipline and the Authority to Bind and Loose
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag papi szentségi feloldozásként olvasva (katolikus-only olvasat), kizárólag gyülekezeti többségi szavazási eljárásként olvasva (református-only olvasat)
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church
NEW entry. Occurs in both the apostolic-authority context (16:19) and the explicitly congregational-discipline context (18:18); adjacent to Catholic sacramental Reconciliation vocabulary (‘feloldozás’). Translate Matthew’s own wording in each context without adjudicating; flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Keys Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: a mennyek országának kulcsai
Transliteration: kleis tēs basileias tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: The Church’s Foundation and the Keys of the Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: egyedi, átadható péteri hivatal feltételezése kizárólagos olvasatként (pápai olvasat), kizárólag evangéliumhirdetésre szűkítve, minden hatalmi struktúra kizárásával (minimalizáló református olvasat)
Original: κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Church
NEW entry sharing the rock_foundation fault line. Translate Matthew’s own wording (16:19) without adjudicating the papal-authority question; flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Rock Foundation
Approved rendering: kőszikla
Transliteration: petra
Doctrine: The Church’s Foundation and the Keys of the Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag Péter egyedi hivatali alapjaként (pápai olvasat kényszerítése), kizárólag Péter hitvallásaként/Krisztusként, minden hivatali értelem kizárásával (református-only olvasat kényszerítése)
Original: πέτρα
Category: Church
NEW entry. The single sharpest ecclesiological fault line in the Hungarian religious landscape. Translate Matthew 16:18’s own grammar and immediate context without adjudicating the papal-authority question; must remain visibly distinct from the unrelated OT-quotation ‘stone’ (see stone_the_builders_rejected, 21:42). Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence, with a required written rationale note.
Tradition
Approved rendering: hagyomány (emberi hagyomány)
Transliteration: paradosis
Doctrine: Human Tradition and the Word of God
Rejected alternatives: minden hagyomány általános elítélése (téves képet ad a katolikus Szent Hagyomány tanításról), Jézus kritikájának lágyítása, hogy elkerülje valódi élét (téves képet ad a református sola scriptura olvasatról)
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Ethics
NEW entry, direct Hungarian Catholic Sacred Tradition vs. Reformed sola scriptura fault line. Translate Jesus’ specific argument (15:3-6, tradition nullifying God’s actual command) without a blanket condemnation of all tradition or a softened critique.
Sons Of God Plural
Approved rendering: Isten fiainak (neveztetnek)
Transliteration: huioi Theou
Doctrine: Believers as Sons of God (Adoptive Sonship)
Rejected alternatives: a Kritikus, egyedi ‘Isten Fia’ cím-formával összetéveszthető megfogalmazás
Original: υἱοὶ Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW entry directly extending the baseline’s son_of_god disambiguation rule into the Beatitudes (5:9, 45). Must remain plural/general and grammatically distinct from the fixed, singular, definite Christological title Isten Fia; guards against the LDS-materials risk of blurring human and Christ’s divine sonship into one category.
Eternal
Approved rendering: örök
Transliteration: aiōnios
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: eltérő tartalmú vagy időtartamú megfogalmazás az örök élet és örök büntetés között
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW entry. Matthew 25:46’s grammatical parallelism (the identical adjective describing both destinies) must be preserved identically in Hungarian (örök élet / örök büntetés); no rendering may imply a shorter or qualitatively different duration for judgment than for life. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review; enforce via automated cross-document consistency check in Phase 2 QA, not merely a one-time human review.
Punishment
Approved rendering: büntetés (kárhozat)
Transliteration: kolasis
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag fenyítő/nevelő értelemben olvasva (annihilationista vagy univerzalista irányba lágyítva)
Original: κόλασις
Category: Eschatology
NEW entry, paired with eternal above. Judicial, final consequence for failing to show mercy (25:31-46); must not be softened toward a merely disciplinary/corrective sense. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek elleni káromlás
Transliteration: blasphēmia eis to Pneuma
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: általános kételkedésre vagy pillanatnyi hitetlenségre kiterjesztett olvasat
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: Sin
NEW entry. The one unforgivable sin (12:31-32), a willful, hardened attribution of the Spirit’s work to Satan, distinguished from forgivable blasphemy against the Son of Man. Requires careful pastoral framing to avoid unwarranted despair in troubled consciences; flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review, parallel to the baseline’s atonement/propitiation escalation rule.
Ransom
Approved rendering: váltságdíj
Transliteration: lytron
Doctrine: The Ransom and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: váltság-elmélet olvasat, amely egy harmadik félnek (pl. Sátánnak) fizetett tranzakciót feltételez
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW entry. Anchor to Christ’s voluntary, substitutionary self-gift to satisfy sin’s debt/penalty (20:28), not a transaction with an external captor. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review alongside the baseline’s atonement/propitiation escalation rule.
For Many
Approved rendering: sokakért
Transliteration: anti pollōn
Doctrine: The Ransom and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: mindenkiért (a hatókör kérdésének univerzalista irányban való feloldása), kizárólag korlátozott csoportra szűkítve (a hatókör kérdésének kalvinista-only irányban való feloldása)
Original: ἀντὶ πολλῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW entry overlapping the baseline’s Critical election/grace fault line. Translate the text’s own literal wording (‘for many,’ 20:28) without resolving the wider scope-of-atonement debate. CRITICAL LITURGICAL NOTE: Catholic liturgical Mass wording has in some periods used ‘mindenkiért’ (‘for all’); this curriculum’s Bible text and teaching material must render Matthew’s own wording, sokakért, and must never import the liturgical ‘for all’ variant, regardless of what learners may be accustomed to hearing at Mass.
Virgin
Approved rendering: szűz
Transliteration: parthenos
Doctrine: Virgin Conception and Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: a teljes katolikus Mária-tan (örökös szüzesség, szeplőtelen fogantatás, tiszteletadás) behozása vagy tagadása a szövegbe
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Strong Hungarian Catholic Marian-devotional freight (Szűz Mária, perpetual virginity, Immaculate Conception, veneration) absent from Hungarian Reformed usage, though both traditions affirm the same miraculous, Spirit-wrought conception (1:23). Anchor strictly to Matthew’s own claim without importing or denying either tradition’s fuller Marian doctrine.
Baptism
Approved rendering: keresztség / megkeresztel
Transliteration: baptisma / baptizō
Doctrine: Baptism in the Name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag ex opere operato újjászülő hatás feltételezése (katolikus-only olvasat), kizárólag szimbolikus jelként, minden szövetségi jelentés nélkül (elszegényített olvasat)
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Church
NEW entry, absent from the Romans baseline glossary. Hungarian Catholic sacramental theology regards baptism as conferring regenerative grace ex opere operato; Hungarian Reformed theology regards it as a covenant sign and seal received by faith. Both major Hungarian traditions practice infant baptism. Describe Matthew’s own baptism references (John’s, 3:6, 11; Jesus’, 3:13-17; the Commission’s triune formula, 28:19) without adjudicating the wider sacramental debate. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Crucify
Approved rendering: megfeszít
Transliteration: stauroō
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Death of Christ
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Standard, unambiguous term across all Hungarian Christian traditions; risk lies in under-weighting the full substitutionary, covenant-inaugurating doctrinal freight established by the ransom (ch. 20) and covenant-blood (ch. 26) sayings, not lexical ambiguity.
High Risk Terms
Law
Approved rendering: törvény
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees / Fulfillment of the Law
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 5:17-19 is Jesus’ own explicit statement of his relationship to the Law; the Reformed threefold-use framework and its absence in Catholic tradition apply equally here.
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The centurion’s faith (8:10) and Peter’s ‘little faith’ (14:31) are key Matthean instances; the Gentile centurion’s exemplary faith anticipates the universal-mission trajectory realized at 28:19. Must never be rendered as a quasi-magical generative force (‘a hit ereje’), a Hungarian Word-of-Faith/prosperity-teaching risk.
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Great Commission
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central to the Great Commission’s mandate (28:19-20) and Jesus’ own preaching summary (4:23; 9:35; 24:14).
Called
Approved rendering: elhívott
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Discipleship / Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Do not let Matthew’s narrative calling of the Twelve (4:18-22) or 22:14’s ‘many are called, few are chosen’ default to the Reformed technical ‘irresistible calling’ reading; treat as Matthew’s own claim, not either system’s developed doctrine.
Calling
Approved rendering: elhívás
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Discipleship / Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ellenállhatatlan elhívás mint kizárólagos érvényes olvasat, katolikus szinergizmus kizárásával
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólagosan kanonizált, közbenjárásra kért személyek (katolikus olvasat)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency; Matthew does not use this exact corporate address as prominently as Romans 1:7 but the same asymmetric Catholic/Reformed risk applies wherever it is used in teaching material.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: megszentelődés
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees (background)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant background to Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees and the pure-in-heart Beatitude (5:8).
Intercession
Approved rendering: közbenjárás
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession (background)
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag szentek és Mária közbenjárása mint szükséges (katolikus olvasat)
Original: —
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not a primary Matthew term but retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: mennyek országa
Transliteration: basileia tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: égi/mennyei birodalom (spatial celestial realm distinct from God’s present reign)
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW entry, Matthew’s characteristic phrase (~32 occurrences). Same referent as the baseline’s Isten országa; risk that readers infer two separate kingdoms. Must be glossed at first occurrence (recommended: 3:2 and again at 12:28) as synonymous with Isten országa. Never psychologize into a purely inward state of consciousness (a New-Age/esoteric-paraphrase risk documented in the translation landscape survey).
Authority
Approved rendering: hatalom
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: hatalom kizárólag politikai/intézményi értelemben
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Hungarian hatalom carries strong political/institutional-power connotations; must be anchored to Jesus’ inherent, divine authority (teaching 7:29, forgiving sin 9:6, over nature/demons 8:27), not delegated office — a distinction of particular importance given the church-authority material of chapters 16 and 18. No unloaded synonym exists; retain with mandatory accompanying teaching note at each Critical/High occurrence.
All Authority
Approved rendering: minden hatalom
Transliteration: pasa exousia
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: πᾶσα ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW entry, the intensified, totalized form of authority (28:18, ‘all authority in heaven and on earth’), the explicit ground of the Great Commission — the climactic statement of the Authority doctrine, now extended to a universal missionary mandate.
Fulfill
Approved rendering: beteljesít / beteljesedik
Transliteration: plēroō
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy / Jesus’ Fulfillment of the Law
Rejected alternatives: abolish and replace (contradicts 5:17), merely predict-then-happen (thin, mechanical reading)
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant
NEW entry. Structurally central to Matthew’s ~13 formula-quotations (1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56) and to 5:17. Must convey bringing Scripture/the Law to its intended, complete goal. Note: this is a deliberate, documented departure from the historic Károli ‘betölt’ wording toward the Catholic/modern ‘beteljesít,’ flagged to reviewers as a conscious choice, not an oversight.
Forgive Interpersonal
Approved rendering: megbocsát
Transliteration: aphiēmi
Doctrine: Forgiveness Among Believers
Rejected alternatives: papi feloldozás mint szükséges közvetítő mechanizmus (a szöveg nem specifikálja)
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Church
NEW entry. Horizontal, interpersonal forgiveness modeled on and grounded in God’s prior forgiveness (6:12, 14-15; 18:21-35). Must not be conflated with the Critical, forensic megigazulás, nor read through the Catholic sacrament of Reconciliation’s priestly-absolution framework as the text’s necessary mechanism.
As A Gentile And A Tax Collector
Approved rendering: mint a pogányt és a vámszedőt
Transliteration: hōs ton ethnikon kai ton telōnēn
Doctrine: Church Discipline and the Authority to Bind and Loose
Rejected alternatives: alkalmi társadalmi kiközösítésként olvasva (elveszíti a formális, jogszerű eljárás értelmét), végleges leírásként olvasva (elveszíti a folytatódó missziós lehetőség értelmét)
Original: ὡς τὸν ἐθνικὸν καὶ τὸν τελώνην
Category: Church
NEW entry. Formal, due-process exclusion from the professing community after unrepented, unresolved sin (18:17), not casual shunning nor a permanent write-off — such persons remain objects of mission (cf. 28:19). Uses vámszedő (modern, comprehensible) rather than Károli’s archaic ‘publikánus,’ an intentional readability improvement, not a doctrinal shift.
Love Greatest Commandment
Approved rendering: szeretet / szeret
Transliteration: agapē / agapaō
Doctrine: The Greatest Commandment: Love of God and Neighbor
Rejected alternatives: romantikus vagy kizárólag érzelmi vonzódásként olvasva
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Ethics
NEW entry, absent from the Romans baseline despite its centrality here. Hungarian szeretet spans a very broad ordinary semantic field; must be anchored to willed, comprehensive devotion to God and active goodwill toward neighbor (22:37-39), named by Jesus as the interpretive key to the whole Law and Prophets (22:40).
Mercy
Approved rendering: irgalom / irgalmasak
Transliteration: eleos / eleēmōn
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Rejected alternatives: kegyelemmel (kegyelem) felcserélve vagy összemosva
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων
Category: Faith
NEW entry. Compassionate kindness toward those in need or distress (5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 18:33; 25:31-46). Must remain terminologically distinct from the baseline’s Critical kegyelem (grace); everyday Hungarian devotional speech loosely conflates the two, risking erosion of the protected grace-doctrine boundary. Never substitute one for the other even in devotional-register paraphrase.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: a világ vége / e világkor végezete
Transliteration: synteleia tou aiōnos
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: homályos ‘egyszer majd’ megfogalmazás, kizárólag katasztrófafilmes/szekuláris ‘világvége’ regiszterben olvasva, feltámadási reménység nélkül
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW entry. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (13:39-40, 49; 24:3; 28:20) to preserve the inclusio linking the kingdom parables, the Olivet Discourse, and the Great Commission’s closing promise; published Hungarian Bibles do NOT render this consistently, so this curriculum corrects that inconsistency deliberately. Never accommodate the Jehovah’s Witness 1914/invisible-presence eschatological framework.
Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: eljövetel (megjelenése)
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Second Coming of Christ
Rejected alternatives: homályos ‘megérkezés’ a nyilvános, félreérthetetlen értelem nélkül, 1914-es/láthatatlan eljövetel keret elfogadása (Jehova Tanúi-olvasat)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW entry. The public, glorious, unmistakable return of Christ (24:3, 27, 37, 39), likened to lightning, distinct from a secret or merely spiritual ‘coming’ and from the incarnational first advent. Must be consistently distinguished in teaching material; never accommodate sectarian invisible-presence readings.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: Immánuel
Transliteration: Emmanouēl
Doctrine: Virgin Conception and Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag jelentésfordítás (‘Velünk-Isten’), a névi minőség elvesztésével
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Retain as a transliterated proper name per established Hungarian Bible convention rather than translating only the meaning; always accompany with the gloss ‘Isten velünk’ at first occurrence (1:23).
The One Who Is To Come
Approved rendering: aki eljövendő / a Jövendő
Transliteration: ho erchomenos
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: Christology
NEW entry. A messianic title drawn from Old Testament expectation for the awaited deliverer (11:3); functions as an equivalent messianic title to Messiás and should be handled with the same rigor.
Blessed
Approved rendering: boldog
Transliteration: makarios
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag szubjektív érzelmi ‘boldogság’ állapotként olvasva
Original: μακάριος
Category: Faith
NEW entry. Historic, Károli-tradition rendering used in every major Hungarian Bible (‘Boldogok a lelki szegények…’); risk that ordinary modern Hungarian ‘boldog’ (subjective happiness) collapses Jesus’ objective, eschatological pronouncement of divine favor into a felt emotional state — starkly visible at v.4, where the mourner is pronounced boldog while explicitly not happy in the ordinary sense. Standing teaching note required, not a one-time flag.
Comforted
Approved rendering: megvigasztaltatnak / megvigasztalódnak
Transliteration: paraklēthēsontai (parakaleō)
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Rejected alternatives: buzdítani (a baseline ‘exhort’ jelentése, ugyanabból a görög gyökből, de eltérő jelentéssel)
Original: παρακληθήσονται (παρακαλέω)
Category: Faith
NEW entry — mandatory disambiguation flag. The same Greek root (parakaleō) underlies the baseline’s exhort term (buzdítani); this occurrence at Matthew 5:4 requires the distinct comfort sense and must never be rendered as buzdítani. Translation-memory auto-matching must be disabled for this pair.
Repentance
Approved rendering: megtérés / megtér
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: kizárólag szentségi gyónásra szűkítve (katolikus-only olvasat), puszta gondolati változásként, megváltozott élet nélkül (elszegényített olvasat)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
NEW entry. Hungarian Catholic tradition closely associates repentance with the sacrament of Penance/Confession (bűnbánat, gyónás); Reformed tradition holds it as a direct, unmediated turning of heart before God. Translate Matthew’s own sense (3:2, 8; 4:17: a decisive reorientation evidenced by changed living) without assuming either framework.
Cross
Approved rendering: kereszt
Transliteration: stauros
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: kínoszlop (Jehova Tanúi-fordítás, felső gerenda nélküli kínzóoszlop-tan)
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Common colloquial Hungarian usage (‘ez a keresztem’) flattens this into a vague metaphor for any burden; teaching notes must recover the specifically Christ-identifying, self-denying, potentially fatal, freely chosen sense (16:24). Must NEVER be rendered as ‘kínoszlop’ or any stake-only variant associated with Jehovah’s Witness materials.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: titok
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: The Hidden and Revealed Mysteries of the Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: katolikus szentségi mysterium-keretben olvasva (‘hittitok’), ezoterikus gnózisként, csak beavatottak számára
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
NEW entry. Previously hidden divine truth about the kingdom’s present, veiled operation, now disclosed to receptive hearers (13:11). Hungarian titok carries strong Catholic sacramental-mystery associations absent from Matthew’s own sense; requires a disambiguating teaching note at first occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Isten országa
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew’s occasional use (12:28; 19:24; 21:31, 43) refers to the identical reality as the far more frequent ‘mennyek országa’ (see Section B); the two Hungarian renderings must be explicitly glossed as synonymous at first joint occurrence.
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 16:18 and 18:17 are the New Testament’s earliest occurrences; must be kept distinct from either the hierarchical Catholic or presbyterian Reformed institutional polity model as the text’s own settled meaning.
Sin
Approved rendering: bűn
Transliteration: hamartia / hamartanō
Doctrine: Church Discipline / Judgment
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 18:15’s interpersonal-sin context grounds church discipline procedure.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pogányok
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Great Commission / Church Discipline
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Use pogányok for the polemical/exclusionary discipline sense (18:17); use nemzetek/népek (see make_disciples_of_all_nations, Section B) for the neutral universal-scope sense (28:19), per the baseline’s own guidance.
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Separation unto God’s Service
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Adoption
Approved rendering: örökbefogadás
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Believers as Sons of God (Adoptive Sonship)
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Conceptually linked to the Beatitudes’ inheritance language (5:5) and the adoptive ‘sons of God’ language of 5:9, 45 (see sons_of_god_plural, Section B).
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Transfiguration and the Glory of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Directly relevant to the Transfiguration (17:1-8); link explicitly rather than treating 17:1-8 as an isolated, episodic event.
Providence
Approved rendering: gondviselés
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence (background)
Original: πρόνοια
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant background to the Rich Young Man narrative’s ‘with God all things are possible’ (19:26).
Mission
Approved rendering: misszió
Transliteration: apostolē
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Culminates in the Great Commission (28:16-20); given Hungary’s own sometimes-tense Catholic-Reformed coexistence, ‘misszió’ framing must avoid any suggestion of interconfessional competition.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Dávid leszármazottja
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Distinct from the titular, worship-directed son_of_david_titular entry (Section B); Matthew 1’s genealogy is the genealogical-fact use. Must remain a visibly distinct rendering from Dávid Fia.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Beatitudes’ ‘peacemakers’ (5:9) apply this term horizontally, between people, building on the baseline’s vertical peace-with-God sense (see peacemaker, Section B).
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: képmutatás
Transliteration: hypokrisis / hypokritēs
Doctrine: Hypocrisy and Authentic Faith
Rejected alternatives: általános etnikai/vallási szitokszóként alkalmazva
Original: ὑπόκρισις / ὑποκριτής
Category: Ethics
NEW entry, standard, well-understood term. A gap between outward religious performance and inward reality (Matthew 23’s woes); pastoral care needed so the critique targets specific described practices, not a blanket slur.
Yoke
Approved rendering: iga
Transliteration: zygos
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees / Discipleship
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Metaphor for a burden of obligation, especially the accumulated burden of the Law/oral tradition, contrasted with Jesus’ ‘easy’ and ‘light’ yoke (11:29-30).
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: tiszta szívűek
Transliteration: katharoi tē kardia
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Rejected alternatives: ceremoniális/rituális tisztaságra szűkítve (összekeverve a 15. fejezet tiszta/tisztátalan szókészletével)
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Sanctification
NEW entry. Moral and volitional integrity — single-minded, undivided devotion and motive (5:8), distinct from ceremonial purity. Keep visibly distinct from chapter 15’s clean/unclean vocabulary despite the shared ‘tiszta’ root.
Peacemaker
Approved rendering: békességre igyekvő / békességteremtő
Transliteration: eirēnopoios
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Original: εἰρηνοποιός
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. One who actively creates/restores reconciled relationships, not merely avoids conflict (5:9); horizontal application of the baseline’s béke (peace with God) term.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: üldözöttek / üldözik őket
Transliteration: dediōgmenoi / diōkō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: δεδιωγμένοι / διώκω
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Hostile pursuit ranging from social exclusion to violent persecution, faced because of righteous, kingdom-shaped living (5:10-12; 10:23; 23:34).
Reward
Approved rendering: jutalom
Transliteration: misthos
Doctrine: Grace Versus Merit in Kingdom Reward
Rejected alternatives: biztosított materiális/pénzügyi eredményként olvasva (prosperity-tanítás kockázata)
Original: μισθός
Category: Salvation
NEW entry. A promised divine recompense for faithful endurance (5:12; cf. the Workers in the Vineyard, 20:1-16), to be distinguished from a wage secured by autonomous human achievement. Hungarian jutalom ordinarily connotes an earned prize; teaching notes must clarify this reward flows from grace-empowered faithfulness. Never adopt prosperity-teaching framing.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: nyomorúság / megpróbáltatás
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Eschatology
NEW entry. Intense suffering/distress, here specifically the unprecedented distress preceding the end (24:21); continuity with the persecution/suffering theme of discipleship, intensified eschatologically.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: a zsidók királya
Transliteration: basileus tōn Ioudaiōn
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Death of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Christology
NEW entry. An ironic, Pilate-authored title (27:11, 29, 37) that nonetheless truthfully identifies Jesus’ messianic kingship.
Stone The Builders Rejected
Approved rendering: kő, amelyet az építők megvetettek
Transliteration: ho lithos hon apedokimasan hoi oikodomountes
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: kőszikla szóval helyettesítve (a 16:18 egyházalapítási képével összemosva)
Original: ὁ λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες
Category: Christology
NEW entry. A messianic image from Psalm 118:22, quoted at 21:42; must remain visibly distinct from the unrelated ecclesiological ‘rock’ (kőszikla) of 16:18.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: lelki szegények
Transliteration: ptōchoi tō pneumati
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Rejected alternatives: alázatosak (elveszíti a destitúció/koldusi erőt), materiális szegénység dicsérete önmagában
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Faith
NEW entry, established Károli-tradition phrase. Complete spiritual destitution and dependence on God (5:3), not economic poverty alone and not mere low self-esteem.
Inherit
Approved rendering: öröklik / örökségül bírják
Transliteration: klēronomeō
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Rejected alternatives: homályos ‘megkapják majd’ megfogalmazás
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
NEW entry. Legal-inheritance sense, preserving the conceptual link to the baseline’s adoption/heirship doctrine (5:5).
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: tanítvánnyá tesz
Transliteration: mathēteuō
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: puszta informálás/meggyőzés, folyamatos formáló munka nélkül
Original: μαθητεύω
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. An authoritative command to actively form disciples through an ongoing process (28:19), not merely to inform or persuade.
Make Disciples Of All Nations
Approved rendering: tegyetek tanítvánnyá minden népet/nemzetet
Transliteration: mathēteusate panta ta ethnē
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: pogányok szó alkalmazása ethnē fordítására ebben a versben (nem szándékolt kizáró felhang bevitele)
Original: μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Use nemzetek/népek, per the baseline’s own gentiles/nemzetek distinction, since the neutral universal-scope sense (28:19) is intended, not the Gentiles-versus-Jews polemical sense the baseline’s pogányok also carries.
Disciple
Approved rendering: tanítvány
Transliteration: mathētēs
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: a sokaság (crowd) fogalmával összemosva
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Matthew’s inner circle of committed followers; keep distinct from the broader, non-committed crowds (sokaság/nép), so the Beatitudes (5:1-2) and other teaching blocks are read as instruction primarily for committed followers.
Follow
Approved rendering: követ
Transliteration: akoloutheō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry; standard rendering but must convey committed, costly following (4:18-22; 8:18-22; 19:27), not casual accompaniment.
Deny
Approved rendering: megtagad
Transliteration: aparneomai
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Same verb powers both positive self-denial (16:24) and Peter’s tragic denial of Christ (26:69-75); context must disambiguate.
Temptation
Approved rendering: kísértés
Transliteration: peirasmos / peirazō
Doctrine: Temptation and Testing
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. A trial or test, here specifically the devil’s attempt to induce Jesus to sin/distrust God (ch. 4); ranges from neutral testing to hostile temptation to sin.
Mammon
Approved rendering: Mammon
Transliteration: mamōnas
Doctrine: Wealth and the Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: vagyon/pénz (elveszíti a vagyon vetélytárs istenként való megszemélyesítését)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Wealth/possessions personified as a rival master to God (6:24). Retain the transliterated loanword per the established Károli-tradition rendering (‘Nem szolgálhattok Istennek és a Mammonnak’); do not flatten to generic ‘vagyon.‘
Transfigured
Approved rendering: elváltozott / megdicsőült
Transliteration: metamorphoō
Doctrine: The Transfiguration and the Glory of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Jesus’ visible, radiant revelation of his hidden divine glory before Peter, James, and John (17:2). Link explicitly to the baseline’s dicsőség term rather than treating as an isolated, episodic event; low syncretism risk in Hungarian culture.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: Dávid
Transliteration: Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: The Sending and Persecution of the Twelve
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. First formal naming of ‘the twelve apostles’ occurs at 10:2.
Prophet
Approved rendering: próféta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Beatitudes’ ‘the prophets who were before you’ (5:12) places disciples in continuity with the whole prophetic line.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prófécia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification (background)
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CAUTION: the identical Greek root underlies the distinct ‘comfort’ sense required at Matthew 5:4 (see comforted, Section B). Translation-memory auto-matching must be disabled for this pair; require manual sense-check at every occurrence rather than defaulting to this gloss.
Pharisees
Approved rendering: farizeusok
Transliteration: Pharisaioi
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: általános pejoratív ‘legalista’ jelölés, a történelmi csoporttól elszakítva
Original: Φαρισαῖοι
Category: Ethics
NEW entry. Established, transliterated proper group name; pastoral note required against anti-Judaic misuse — Jesus’ critique targets specific practices, not Jewish people as such.
Scribes
Approved rendering: írástudók
Transliteration: grammateis
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: γραμματεῖς
Category: Ethics
NEW entry, standard, established rendering; same pastoral caution as pharisees.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: szombat
Transliteration: sabbaton
Doctrine: Sabbath and Jesus’ Authority over the Law
Original: σάββατον
Category: Ethics
NEW entry, standard term with no significant lexical ambiguity; theological weight is carried by the surrounding authority vocabulary rather than the word itself.
Mourn
Approved rendering: sírnak / gyászolnak
Transliteration: penthountes / pentheō
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Original: πενθοῦντες / πενθέω
Category: Faith
NEW entry; standard Károli-tradition rendering. Genuine grief over personal loss and, echoing Isaiah 61, over sin and brokenness (5:4).
Hosanna
Approved rendering: Hozsánna
Transliteration: hōsanna
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: ὡσαννά
Category: Christology
NEW entry. Established transliteration in Hungarian Bible tradition; fixed liturgical acclamation from Psalm 118 (21:9).
Meek
Approved rendering: szelíd
Transliteration: praeis (praus)
Doctrine: The Beatitudes’ Pronouncement of Blessing
Rejected alternatives: gyámoltalan (gyengeséget vagy félénkséget sugalmaz)
Original: πραεῖς (πραΰς)
Category: Discipleship
NEW entry. Gentleness of strength under control, describing Moses and, of Jesus himself, at 11:29 and 21:5 (5:5).
Parable
Approved rendering: példázat
Transliteration: parabolē
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW entry, standard and well-established Hungarian term for Jesus’ characteristic kingdom-teaching form; low ambiguity risk.
Referenced passages