Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Thessalonians (English → Hungarian)
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all five chapters of 1 Thessalonians into a single reference table for Phase 2 translation memory extension. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Baseline Reuse: Yes and MUST use the recorded Hungarian rendering exactly, with no substitution. New terms introduced by this curriculum are marked Baseline Reuse: No and carry a proposed Hungarian rendering, risk tier, and chapter reference for extension into translation memory (per the version-increment procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md).
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s exact definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and routing (Critical & High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review).
Glossary Table
| # | Term (English) | Greek | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | Chapter(s) | Baseline Reuse | Rationale / Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Church | ἐκκλησία | egyház | Medium | Church | 1 | Yes | Serves both hierarchical Catholic and presbyterian/congregational Reformed ecclesiology; per baseline note. |
| 2 | Grace | χάρις | kegyelem | Critical | Grace | 1 | Yes | Reformed monergistic vs. Catholic Tridentine merit-cooperated grace fault line, per baseline. |
| 3 | Peace | εἰρήνη | béke | Medium | Peace with God | 1 | Yes | Relational/covenantal peace, not mere calm, per baseline. |
| 4 | Faith | πίστις | hit | High | Faith | 1, throughout | Yes | Personal trust; weighted differently by sola fide vs. faith-plus-works formation, per baseline. |
| 5 | Love | ἀγάπη | szeretet | Medium | Sanctification / Christian Fellowship | 1, 3, 4 | No | Hungarian “szeretet” does not lexically distinguish agapē from philia/erōs; self-giving, others-directed sense must be taught explicitly. |
| 6 | Endurance (of hope) | ὑπομονή | állhatatosság | Low-Medium | Hope in Grief | 1 | No | Directly links perseverance to hope; standard vocabulary, low ambiguity. |
| 7 | Election | ἐκλογή | kiválasztás | Critical | Effectual Calling | 1 | Yes | Direct reuse of the sharpest Reformed-Catholic fault line already documented in baseline; applies without modification. |
| 8 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | evangélium | High | Gospel | 1 | Yes | Standard shared term; specific proclamation of salvation through Christ, per baseline. |
| 9 | Power of God | δύναμις | Isten ereje / erő | Medium | Power of God for Salvation | 1 | Yes (concept) | Must denote capability/might, not occult force, per baseline. |
| 10 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Szentlélek | Critical | Sanctification / God | 1, 4, 5 | Yes | Personal third Person of Trinity; unambiguous across all Hungarian traditions, per baseline. |
| 11 | Example/pattern | τύπος | példa | Low | Christian Identity | 1 | No | Standard term, minimal ambiguity. |
| 12 | Idols | εἴδωλον | bálvány | Low | — | 1 | No | Standard, unambiguous across traditions. |
| 13 | Wrath (of God) | ὀργή | harag | High | The Day of the Lord | 1, 5 | No | Judicial, eschatological wrath; must not soften to mere displeasure; central to Day-of-the-Lord doctrine. |
| 14 | Son of God | υἱὸς (τοῦ θεοῦ) | Isten Fia | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1 | Yes | Unique, eternal Sonship, distinct from believers’ adoptive sonship, per baseline. |
| 15 | Wait for | ἀναμένειν | várni | Low | The Return of Christ | 1 | No | Expectant waiting; low ambiguity. |
| 16 | Exhort / comfort | παρακαλέω | buzdítani (exhort) / bátorítani, vígasztalni (comfort) | Medium | Mutual Edification / Hope in Grief | 2, 4 | Yes (partial) | Sense-dependent; baseline fixes “buzdítani” for exhort sense, but 4:18’s comfort sense requires a distinct rendering — flag per-occurrence. |
| 17 | Blameless | ἄμεμπτος / ἀμέμπτως | feddhetetlen(ül) | Low-Medium | Sanctification / Return of Christ | 2, 3, 5 | No | Standard ethical-evaluative term tied to Parousia-readiness. |
| 18 | Imitators | μιμητής | követő / utánzó | Low | Christian Identity | 2 | No | Standard discipleship term. |
| 19 | Affliction/Tribulation | θλῖψις | nyomorúság / szorongattatás | Medium-High | Hope in Grief | 2 | No | Risk of conflation with the technical dispensational “Great Tribulation” category foreign to mainstream Hungarian Catholic/Reformed eschatology. |
| 20 | Satan | Σατανᾶς | Sátán | Low | — | 2, 3 | No | Standard proper noun/title across all Hungarian traditions. |
| 21 | Crown of boasting | στέφανος καυχήσεως | dicsőségünk/dicsekedésünk koronája | Medium-High | The Return of Christ | 2 | No | Reward imagery risks resonance with the merit-cooperated grace fault line already flagged in baseline; must be taught as relational joy, not merit-earned salvation. |
| 22 | The Coming / Parousia | παρουσία | eljövetel (parúzia) | Critical | The Return of Christ | 2, 3, 4, 5 | No | Mainstream Hungarian Catholic/Reformed eschatology reads a single unified return event; a growing Hungarian Pentecostal/free-church stream (dispensational influence) reads a separately-timed two-stage schedule. Text and notes must present Paul’s own argument without assuming either framework. |
| 23 | Glory | δόξα | dicsőség | High | Deity of Christ (baseline) / Christian Identity | 2 | Yes | Standard rendering; applied here relationally to believers as well as to God, per baseline term family. |
| 24 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostol | Low | Apostleship | 2 | Yes | Established, unambiguous, per baseline. |
| 25 | Establish/strengthen | στηρίζω | megerősít(eni) | Low | Sanctification | 3 | No | Standard pastoral-strengthening term. |
| 26 | Be shaken | σαλεύω | megingatni / megrendülni | Low-Medium | Hope in Grief | 3 | No | Persecution-induced instability; standard vocabulary. |
| 27 | The Tempter | ὁ πειράζων | a kísértő | Low | — | 3 | No | Standard title for Satan. |
| 28 | Minister/servant | διάκονος | Isten szolgája / munkatársa | Low-Medium | Church | 3 | No | Descriptive here; distinct from the later formal deacon office — avoid anachronistic office-reading. |
| 29 | Holiness (quality) | ἁγιωσύνη | szentség | Critical | Sanctification | 3 | No | Identical Hungarian word used for “sacrament” (szentségek) in Catholic usage; requires mandatory disambiguating teaching note every occurrence to prevent sacramental misreading. |
| 30 | Saints | ἅγιοι | szentek | High | Sainthood | 3 | Yes | Corporate all-believers sense per baseline, with added exegetical ambiguity here (departed believers and/or angels accompanying Christ at the Parousia). |
| 31 | Sanctification | ἁγιασμός | megszentelődés | Critical/High | Sanctification | 4, 5 | Yes | Reformed “third use of law” vs. Catholic sacramental/penitential framing both differ from Paul’s Spirit-driven, will-of-God framing here, per baseline. |
| 32 | Sexual immorality | πορνεία | paráznaság | Low-Medium | Sanctification | 4 | No | Standard term across traditions. |
| 33 | Vessel (body/wife) | σκεῦος | edény | Medium | Sanctification | 4 | No | Genuine exegetical ambiguity (own body vs. wife) affects rendering choice itself; flag for theologian review before Phase 2 lock-in. |
| 34 | Lust/desire | ἐπιθυμία | kívánság / vágy | Low-Medium | Sanctification | 4 | No | Disordered desire, contextually negative. |
| 35 | Gentiles/nations | ἔθνη | pogányok / nemzetek | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles (baseline) | 4 | Yes | Baseline’s stronger “pogányok” connotation is contextually apt here (moral contrast), unlike more neutral occurrences. |
| 36 | Wrong/defraud | πλεονεκτέω / ἀδικέω | kárt tenni / megcsalni | Low | Sanctification | 4 | No | Standard ethical term. |
| 37 | Avenger | ἔκδικος | bosszúálló | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 4 | No | God’s just retribution; ties to wrath/judgment theme, not human vengeance. |
| 38 | Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | testvéri szeretet | Low-Medium | Christian Fellowship | 4 | No | Standard congregational-love term. |
| 39 | Taught by God | θεοδίδακτος | Istentől tanított | Low | Sanctification | 4 | No | Unusual compound; descriptive, low risk. |
| 40 | Live quietly | ἡσυχία | csendesség | Low | Christian Identity | 4 | No | Standard pastoral-ethical term. |
| 41 | Those who sleep / the dead (in Christ) | κοιμᾶσθαι (κοιμώμενοι/κοιμηθέντες) | elhunytak (running text); elaludtak (euphemism preserved in teaching note) | Critical | Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers | 4:13-15 | No | Euphemism for death implying temporariness; risk of misreading as teaching unconscious “soul sleep,” rejected by both historic Hungarian Catholic and Reformed traditions. |
| 42 | Grieve | λυπέομαι | szomorkodni / bánkódni | Medium | Hope in Grief | 4:13 | No | Comparative clause (“grieve as those without hope”) must not be flattened into an absolute prohibition of grief. |
| 43 | Hope | ἐλπίς | reménység / remény | Critical | Hope in Grief | 1, 4, 5 | No | Central curriculum term; risk that colloquial Hungarian “remény” reads as weak wishful optimism rather than certain, promise-grounded expectation. |
| 44 | Believe | πιστεύω | hinni | High | Faith | 4 | Yes (root of “hit”) | Cognitive assent plus reliance; do not soften Paul’s assumed shared conviction into pure hypothesis. |
| 45 | Died / rose (Christ) | ἀπέθανεν / ἀνέστη | meghalt / feltámadt | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 4 | Yes | Bodily, historical resurrection; sole basis for believers’ resurrection hope; must match baseline “feltámadás” family exactly. |
| 46 | Bring (with him) | ἄγειν (ἄξει) | elhozza | Low-Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 4 | No | God’s own sovereign action bringing the dead with Christ, not their self-directed ascent. |
| 47 | Word of the Lord | λόγος κυρίου | az Úr szava / igéje | Medium | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Authoritative revealed teaching, not Paul’s personal opinion. |
| 48 | Precede/go before | φθάνω | megelőzni | Low-Medium | Hope in Grief | 4 | No | Negation must be preserved intact for its pastoral-comfort function. |
| 49 | Lord | κύριος | Úr | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | Yes | Exclusive, supreme lordship, per baseline; emphatic “maga az Úr” preserved at 4:16. |
| 50 | Shout of command | κέλευσμα | parancsszó | Low-Medium | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Sovereign summons imagery, royal/military background. |
| 51 | Archangel’s voice | φωνὴ ἀρχαγγέλου | arkangyal szava | Low | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Standard apocalyptic imagery, uncontested term. |
| 52 | Trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ θεοῦ | Isten trombitája | Low-Medium | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Apocalyptic-symbolic-yet-real signal; avoid purely decorative reading. |
| 53 | Descend | καταβαίνω (καταβήσεται) | leszáll | Low | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Real, spatial, visible descent — guards against purely “spiritual” reinterpretation. |
| 54 | The dead in Christ | νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ | a Krisztusban elhunytak | Critical | Resurrection of Believers | 4 | No | Union-with-Christ qualifier must be preserved; not a generic resurrection of all humanity in this specific text. |
| 55 | Will rise | ἀναστήσονται | feltámadnak | Critical | Resurrection of Believers | 4 | Yes | Must match Christ’s own resurrection term family, preserving Paul’s pattern-fulfillment argument. |
| 56 | Caught up / raptured | ἁρπάζω (ἁρπαγησόμεθα) | elragadtatunk (elragadtatás) | Critical | The Return of Christ | 4:17 | No | Highest-risk rendering in the curriculum: correct, traditional Hungarian term now also functions as the technical word for a dispensational “rapture” doctrine (separately-timed, gap-separated from a later second coming) foreign to historic Hungarian Catholic and Reformed eschatology, which read this as one unified event with the Parousia already named in v.15-16. |
| 57 | Clouds | νεφέλαι | felhők | Low | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Theophanic imagery; minimal risk. |
| 58 | Meeting (the Lord) | ἀπάντησις | találkozás / (menjünk) elébe | Medium | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Hellenistic civic-reception background (going out to meet and escort back) risks being lost in a static, one-way-departure reading. |
| 59 | Air | ἀήρ | levegő | Low | The Return of Christ | 4 | No | Real, physical, spatial location; standard term. |
| 60 | Always with the Lord | πάντοτε σὺν κυρίῳ | mindenkor az Úrral | Low-Medium | Hope in Grief | 4 | No | Climactic assurance line; warm, relational register per baseline’s Romans 8 precedent. |
| 61 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου | az Úr napja | High | The Day of the Lord | 5 | No | Eschatological judgment day affirmed by both major traditions; risk lies in importing a detailed chronological schedule (tied to the Parousia/rapture two-stage debate) foreign to Paul’s own “thief in the night” unpredictability emphasis. |
| 62 | Peace and security | εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια | béke és biztonság | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5 | No | False worldly confidence preceding sudden judgment. |
| 63 | Destruction | ὄλεθρος | pusztulás / veszedelem | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5 | No | Ties to wrath/judgment theme; sudden and total. |
| 64 | Sons of light / of day | υἱοὶ φωτός / ἡμέρας | a világosság fiai / a nappal fiai | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5 | No | Standard biblical dualistic imagery; low risk of confusion with unrelated Hungarian folk dualism. |
| 65 | Be sober | νήφω | legyünk józanok | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5 | No | Spiritual alertness/self-control, not literal intoxication reference alone. |
| 66 | Helmet of hope of salvation | περικεφαλαία, ἐλπὶς σωτηρίας | az üdvösség reménységének sisakja | Medium | Hope in Grief / Salvation | 5 | Partial | Combines already-flagged Critical terms ἐλπίς and σωτηρία inside one metaphor; both established renderings must be carried through unmodified. |
| 67 | Salvation | σωτηρία | üdvösség | Critical | Salvation | 5 | Yes | Assurance differs sharply between Reformed perseverance doctrine and Catholic ongoing uncertainty, per baseline. |
| 68 | Build up (edify) | οἰκοδομέω | épít(sétek) | Low | Mutual Edification (baseline) | 5 | Yes (concept) | Standard mutual-encouragement term, per baseline category. |
| 69 | Those over you / leaders | προϊστάμενοι | elöljárók | Medium | Church as God’s People | 5 | No | Same word must serve both hierarchical Catholic and presbyterian/congregational Reformed polity without assuming either as the text’s structure. |
| 70 | Admonish | νουθετέω | inteni | Low | Mutual Edification | 5 | No | Standard pastoral-correction term. |
| 71 | The idle/unruly | ἄτακτος | rendetlen(ek) | Low | — | 5 | No | Standard congregational-discipline term. |
| 72 | The weak | ἀσθενής | gyenge(ek) | Low | — | 5 | No | Standard pastoral-care term. |
| 73 | Be patient | μακροθυμέω | hosszútűrő(k) legyünk | Low | — | 5 | No | Standard virtue term. |
| 74 | Rejoice | χαίρω | örüljetek | Low | — | 5 | No | Standard joy term. |
| 75 | Pray | προσεύχομαι | imádkozzatok | Low | Prayer and Intercession (baseline, distinct) | 5 | No | General continual prayer, distinct from baseline’s “intercession” (prayer on behalf of another). |
| 76 | Give thanks | εὐχαριστέω | hálát adni | Low | Thanksgiving | 5 | Yes (concept) | Standard, per baseline “hálaadás” category. |
| 77 | Do not quench the Spirit | πνεῦμα (μὴ σβέννυτε) | a Szentlelket ne oltsátok ki | Medium-High | Sanctification / Spiritual Gifts (baseline) | 5 | Yes (Szentlélek) | Balance Paul’s “do not quench” with “test everything” (5:21); avoid both cessationist dismissal and uncritical acceptance, per baseline’s spiritual-gifts caution. |
| 78 | Prophecy | προφητεία | prófécia | Low | Inspiration of Scripture (baseline) | 5 | Yes | Standard, per baseline. |
| 79 | Test/examine | δοκιμάζω | megvizsgálni | Low | Spiritual Gifts | 5 | No | Discernment term paired with 5:19. |
| 80 | Abstain | ἀπέχομαι | tartózkodni | Low | Sanctification | 5 | No | Standard self-restraint term. |
| 81 | Sanctify wholly | ἁγιάζω + ὁλοτελεῖς | szenteljen meg titeket teljesen | Critical/High | Sanctification | 5 | Yes (root) | Climactic benediction form of ἁγιασμός; same doctrinal weight as baseline entry, intensified by liturgical/benedictory use. |
| 82 | Spirit, soul, and body | πνεῦμα καὶ ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα | szellem, lélek és test | High | Sanctification / Resurrection of Believers | 5 | No | Mainstream Hungarian Catholic/Reformed anthropology is broadly dichotomist; rigid trichotomist rendering risks importing a settled three-substance anthropology beyond the text’s likely emphatic-totality intent. Flag for theologian review rather than silent resolution. |
| 83 | Faithful (is he who calls) | πιστός | hűséges | Medium-High | Assurance of Salvation (baseline) | 5 | No (cross-ref) | Grounds assurance in God’s character; cross-reference to baseline’s “assurance_of_salvation” Critical entry rather than treating as an independent new fault line. |
| 84 | Calling | κλῆσις / καλῶν | elhívás / elhívó | Critical | Divine Calling | 1, 5 | Yes | Reuses baseline’s “calling” entry exactly; the Reformed “irresistible calling” vs. Catholic synergistic reading fault line applies identically. |
| 85 | Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | szent csók | Low | Christian Fellowship | 5 | No | Cultural greeting custom; note recommended on contemporary equivalent practices without altering translated text. |
Summary by Risk Tier
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 10 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 6 | Human theologian (recommended) |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 12 | Native speaker review (recommended) |
| Low | 27 | Automated review |
| Total terms cataloged | 85 | — |
New Critical/High Terms Requiring Translation Memory Extension (Not in Romans Baseline)
The following terms are newly introduced by this curriculum and are not present in the baseline translation_memory.json. They must be added to translation memory (with version increment, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions”) before Phase 2 segment translation begins:
- ἐλπίς → reménység/remény (Critical) — Hope in Grief
- παρουσία → eljövetel (parúzia) (Critical) — The Return of Christ
- ἁρπάζω → elragadtatunk/elragadtatás (Critical) — The Return of Christ
- κοιμᾶσθαι → elhunytak (elaludtak) (Critical) — Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers
- νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ → a Krisztusban elhunytak (Critical) — Resurrection of Believers
- ἁγιωσύνη → szentség (Critical) — Sanctification (sacrament-collision risk)
- ἡμέρα κυρίου → az Úr napja (High) — The Day of the Lord
- ὀργή → harag (High) — The Day of the Lord
- πνεῦμα καὶ ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα → szellem, lélek és test (High) — Sanctification/anthropology
Coverage Statement
This glossary cites terms drawn from all five chapters of 1 Thessalonians (chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), including both the core passage (4:13-18) and every surrounding chapter, per the full-book coverage mandate. No chapter was found to be free of load-bearing theological vocabulary requiring cataloging.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace in the Epistolary Greeting
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: reuses the Romans baseline’s Reformed monergistic/irresistible grace vs. Catholic Tridentine infused/merit-cooperated grace fault line exactly. Occurs in the epistolary greeting (1Thessz 1:1); must not silently favor either systematic reading.
Election
Approved rendering: kiválasztás
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Divine Election and Calling
Rejected alternatives: kiválasztás, mely emberi együttműködés nélkül értelmezhetetlen (szinergista olvasat kényszerítése), kiválasztás mint szabad akarat nélküli, vak végzet (fatalista félreolvasás)
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: direct reuse of the sharpest Romans fault line (Hungarian Reformed double predestination vs. Catholic synergism). Occurs at 1Thessz 1:4, ‘we know… he has chosen you.’ Translate Paul’s own claim, not either developed system.
Calling
Approved rendering: elhívás
Transliteration: klēsis / kalōn
Doctrine: Divine Election and Calling
Rejected alternatives: ellenállhatatlan elhívás mint kizárólagos érvényes olvasat, katolikus szinergizmus kizárásával
Original: κλῆσις / καλῶν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: applies identically at 1Thessz 5:24 (‘he who calls you is faithful’). Must convey a sovereign summons without assuming the technical Reformed ‘irresistible calling’ category as a lexical given.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Spirit’s Ongoing Work and Spiritual Gifts
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Personal third Person of the Trinity, unambiguous across all Hungarian traditions. Occurs at 1Thessz 1:5-6 (gospel reception in power and the Holy Spirit) and 4:8, 5:19 (do not quench the Spirit, taught alongside ‘test everything,’ 5:21).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Isten Fia
Transliteration: huios (tou theou)
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isten fia általános értelemben, minden hívőre alkalmazva
Original: υἱὸς (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: full phrase required. Believers await God’s ‘Son from heaven’ (1Thessz 1:10); must not read as adoptive or honorary, distinct from the adoptive sonship language applied to believers elsewhere.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection, unambiguous across all Hungarian traditions. ‘Meghalt és feltámadt’ (1Thessz 4:14) is the sole logical ground for believers’ own resurrection hope; the verb family must match ‘feltámadnak’ (4:16) exactly to preserve Paul’s pattern-fulfillment argument.
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: exclusive, supreme authority. Occurs pervasively (1Thessz 4:16-17, 5:9, 5:23); the emphatic construction ‘maga az Úr’ (the Lord himself, 4:16) must be preserved to retain the personal, non-delegated nature of Christ’s descent.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Faithfulness of God and Assurance of Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Deliverance and reconciliation with God, contrasted with destined wrath (1Thessz 5:9) and named inside the ‘helmet… the hope of salvation’ armor metaphor (5:8). Assurance surrounding this term differs sharply between Reformed perseverance-of-the-saints doctrine and Catholic ongoing uncertainty.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Standard across all Hungarian Bible traditions; no variant-form risk. Central to the resurrection argument of 1Thessz 4:14 (‘Jézus meghalt és feltámadt’).
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous throughout 1 Thessalonians.
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father; occurs in the epistolary greeting and doxological material (1Thessz 1:1, 1:3, 3:11, 3:13). No ‘Abba’ occurrence in this letter — the baseline’s transliteration precedent for ‘Abba’ does not need extension here.
Parousia
Approved rendering: eljövetel (parúzia)
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: eljövetel mint kizárólag egységes esemény, a diszpenzacionalista kétlépcsős olvasat teljes kizárásával, eljövetel mint kétlépcsős, titkosan időzített ‘elragadtatás’ majd később külön ‘második eljövetel’ (diszpenzacionalista rendszer kényszerítése)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CRITICAL. Mainstream Hungarian Catholic/Reformed eschatology reads the Parousia as one unified, visible event (return + resurrection + judgment). A growing Hungarian Pentecostal/free-church stream shaped by imported American dispensationalism reads 1Thessz 4-5 as a distinct, secretly-timed event separated from a later second coming. Use ‘eljövetel’ in running text (2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23); reserve ‘parúzia’ for glossary/teaching-note cross-reference. Render Paul’s own sequence without adopting either systematic reading as the text’s only meaning.
Holiness Hagiosyne
Approved rendering: szentség
Transliteration: hagiōsynē
Doctrine: The Saints Accompanying Christ
Rejected alternatives: szentség kizárólag szentségi/liturgikus értelemben (a szentségek, katolikus olvasat)
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
NEW — CRITICAL. Holiness as a moral-relational quality before God, sought as blamelessness at the Parousia (1Thessz 3:13). Standard Hungarian rendering ‘szentség’ is the identical word used in Hungarian Catholic usage for ‘sacrament’ (a szentségek). Retain ‘szentség’ as lexically correct and Károli-tradition-consistent, but mandate a disambiguating teaching note every occurrence.
Asleep Dead
Approved rendering: elhunytak (elaludtak, retained in teaching note)
Transliteration: koimasthai (koimōmenoi / koimēthentes)
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: alszik/elaludtak mint tudattalan ‘lélekálom’ (psychopannychismus) tanítás, meghaltak mint tisztán klinikai kifejezés, a reménybeli ‘elalvás’ képének elvesztésével
Original: κοιμᾶσθαι (κοιμώμενοι / κοιμηθέντες)
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CRITICAL. The euphemism ‘those who sleep/fell asleep’ (1Thessz 4:13-15) implies temporariness and future waking, not annihilation or unconscious non-existence. Neither historic Hungarian Catholic (particular judgment, conscious intermediate state) nor Reformed tradition (soul consciously with Christ) holds ‘soul sleep.’ Use ‘elhunytak’ as running text; preserve ‘elaludtak’ in a translator’s note for the wordplay across 4:13-15.
Hope
Approved rendering: reménység / remény
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: remény mint bizonytalan, teljesülhet-nem-teljesülhet kívánság (köznyelvi gyengítés)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CRITICAL general-language risk (not a Catholic/Reformed doctrinal split). Colloquial Hungarian ‘remény’ functions like weak English ‘hope.’ Confident, object-grounded expectation, grounded in Christ’s resurrection and certain return (1Thessz 1:3, 4:13, 5:8). Use the more formal, theologically weighted ‘reménység’ and pair with a teaching note affirming certainty, or the pastoral force of 4:13-18 collapses into generic consolation rhetoric.
Died And Rose
Approved rendering: meghalt és feltámadt
Transliteration: apethanen kai anestē
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη
Category: Christology
NEW phrase built on baseline ‘feltámadás’ family. Christ’s historical, bodily death and rising, the sole ground of confidence about deceased believers’ fate (1Thessz 4:14). Must match the baseline term family exactly for cross-curriculum Christological consistency.
Dead In Christ
Approved rendering: a Krisztusban elhunytak
Transliteration: hoi nekroi en Christō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: a halottak általánosságban, a Krisztussal való egység nélkül
Original: οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CRITICAL. Those who died while united to Christ, whose resurrection is specifically in view (1Thessz 4:16). Must preserve the union-with-Christ qualifier rather than collapsing to a generic ‘a halottak,’ which would blur the distinctively Christian, union-based ground of this resurrection hope.
Will Rise
Approved rendering: feltámadnak
Transliteration: anastēsontai (anistēmi)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀναστήσονται (ἀνίστημι)
Category: Eschatology
NEW — mandatory consistency with baseline ‘feltámadás’ term family used for Christ’s own resurrection, preserving Paul’s pattern-fulfillment logic (‘as Christ rose, so will believers,’ 1Thessz 4:16).
Caught Up Rapture
Approved rendering: elragadtatunk (elragadtatás)
Transliteration: harpagēsometha (harpazō)
Doctrine: The Catching-Up of Living Believers and the Unity of the Parousia Event
Rejected alternatives: elragadtatás mint titkosan időzített, a második eljövetelnél elkülönített esemény (diszpenzacionalista olvasat kényszerítése), elragadtatás mint elvont, testetlen ‘spirituális felemelkedés’ vagy tudatállapot-változás (ezoterikus/New Age félreolvasás)
Original: ἁρπαγησόμεθα (ἁρπάζω)
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CRITICAL, the single highest-risk rendering in the curriculum. ‘Elragadtatás’ is lexically correct and traditional but has become the standard Hungarian technical term for a dispensational ‘rapture’ doctrine (secretly-timed, gap-separated from a later second coming) in some Hungarian Pentecostal/free-church congregations. Historic Hungarian Catholic and Reformed theology hold no such doctrine, reading this (1Thessz 4:17) as one movement within the single Parousia already named in vv.15-16. Retain the term; mandate an explicit teaching note every occurrence stating Paul describes one unified event.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel Reception and Power
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term shared by Catholic and Reformed Hungarian Bibles alike; the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen. In 1Thessz 1:5-6 and 2:13 it is joined explicitly to Spirit-empowered reception (‘in power and in the Holy Spirit’); ‘erő’ in that context must denote divine capability, not rhetorical persuasiveness.
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ, described in 1Thessz 1:3 as producing visible ‘work’ and grounding ‘endurance inspired by hope.’ Carries different theological weight for Reformed sola fide vs. Catholic faith-plus-cooperating-works formation.
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship Practices
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. God’s radiant honor and presence; applied relationally to believers as Paul’s ‘glory and joy’ (1Thessz 2:20). Same term family as direct divine-glory occurrences; consistency must be preserved.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: megszentelődés
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Explicitly named ‘God’s will’ (1Thessz 4:3-4, 4:7) and pressed into a climactic benediction (5:23, ‘szenteljen meg titeket teljesen’). Reformed ‘third use of the law’ and Catholic sacramental/penitential framing both differ from Paul’s Spirit-driven, will-of-God-centered emphasis here.
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: The Saints Accompanying Christ
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólagosan kanonizált, közbenjárásra kért személyek (katolikus olvasat)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Corporate all-believers sense reused exactly, with an added exegetical layer at 1Thessz 3:13: ‘his saints’ accompanying Christ at the Parousia may denote glorified departed believers, holy angels, or both. Catholic popular piety venerates canonized szentek; Hungarian Reformed tradition rejects saint veneration — both dimensions require teaching notes here.
Wrath
Approved rendering: harag
Transliteration: orgē
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: harag mint puszta emberi indulat vagy elégedetlenség (a bírói, eszkatologikus harag lefokozása)
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
NEW — HIGH RISK. Colloquial Hungarian ‘harag’ primarily denotes ordinary human anger/irritation; without teaching reinforcement, readers may soften God’s judicial, eschatological wrath (1Thessz 1:10, from which believers are delivered; 5:9, to which the unprepared world remains subject) into mere divine displeasure.
Affliction Tribulation
Approved rendering: nyomorúság / szorongattatás
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction of the Church
Rejected alternatives: nyomorúság mint kizárólag a jövőbeli ‘nagy nyomorúság’ (diszpenzacionalista rendszer)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Eschatology
NEW — HIGH RISK. Persecution/hardship endured by the young church (1Thessz 2:14, 3:3) must be read as ordinary historical suffering, not conflated with the technical dispensational ‘Great Tribulation’ (nagy nyomorúság) category — a scheme foreign to mainstream Hungarian Catholic/Reformed eschatology but increasingly familiar through imported charismatic/dispensational materials using the same Hungarian word.
Crown Of Boasting
Approved rendering: dicsőségünk / dicsekedésünk koronája
Transliteration: stephanos kauchēseōs
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: korona mint az üdvösség kiérdemlésének jutalma (merítő, érdemalapú félreolvasás)
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW — HIGH RISK. The Thessalonian converts as Paul’s future ‘crown of boasting’ at Christ’s coming (1Thessz 2:19). Reward-for-labor imagery risks resonance with the Reformed-Catholic merit-cooperated-grace fault line already Critical in the baseline; must be taught as relational joy in fellow believers’ perseverance, not merit earning salvation.
Believe
Approved rendering: hisszük / hinni
Transliteration: pisteuō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: πιστεύω
Category: Faith
NEW — root of baseline ‘hit.’ The shared conviction grounding the resurrection-hope argument (1Thessz 4:14); the conditional (‘if we believe’) must not be softened into pure hypothesis, since Paul assumes shared conviction, not doubt.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: az Úr napja
Transliteration: hēmera kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: az Úr napja mint részletes, kiszámítható eseménysorozat (diszpenzacionalista kronológia kényszerítése)
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW — HIGH RISK bordering Critical given this doctrine’s curriculum centrality. Both major Hungarian traditions affirm a final judgment day; the risk is importing a detailed chronological schedule (tied to the Parousia/rapture two-stage debate) into Paul’s own unadorned ‘like a thief in the night’ language (1Thessz 5:2), which stresses unpredictability and moral readiness, not a chart of end-times events.
Quench The Spirit
Approved rendering: a Szentlelket ne oltsátok ki
Transliteration: pneuma (mē sbennyte)
Doctrine: The Spirit’s Ongoing Work and Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: a Lélek munkájának cessationista, teljes elutasítása, bármely állított megnyilvánulás kritikátlan elfogadása ‘ne oltsátok ki’ jelszóval
Original: πνεῦμα (μὴ σβέννυτε)
Category: Sanctification
NEW — HIGH RISK. The instruction not to suppress or extinguish the Spirit’s activity (1Thessz 5:19), taught alongside ‘test everything’ (5:21). Both major Hungarian traditions affirm the Spirit’s ongoing work but read charismatic manifestations cautiously; preserve Paul’s own balance, avoiding both cessationist dismissal and uncritical acceptance.
Sanctify Wholly
Approved rendering: szenteljen meg titeket teljesen
Transliteration: hagiazō (+ holoteleis)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιάζω (+ ὁλοτελεῖς)
Category: Sanctification
NEW — root shared with baseline ‘sanctification.’ The climactic benedictory prayer that the God of peace himself would sanctify believers wholly/completely (1Thessz 5:23); same doctrinal weight as the baseline entry, intensified by its liturgical/benedictory form. Teach directly rather than assuming either Reformed ‘third use of the law’ or Catholic sacramental/penitential framing.
Spirit Soul And Body
Approved rendering: szellem, lélek és test
Transliteration: pneuma kai psychē kai sōma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: szellem, lélek és test mint kötelezően elkülönített három lételem (triszekcionista antropológia kényszerítése), lélek és test kizárólag kétosztatú felosztásként, a ‘szellem’ teljes elhagyásával
Original: πνεῦμα καὶ ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW — HIGH RISK. The whole human person described in three terms, kept blameless at the Parousia (1Thessz 5:23). Mainstream Hungarian Catholic/Reformed anthropology is broadly dichotomist; Hungarian ‘lélek’ is regularly used for both πνεῦμα and ψυχή without a settled distinction. Rigid trichotomist rendering risks importing more system than Paul’s likely emphatic-totality intent (‘your whole self’). Flag for theologian review rather than silently resolving.
Faithful Who Calls
Approved rendering: hűséges
Transliteration: pistos (ho kalōn)
Doctrine: Faithfulness of God and Assurance of Salvation
Original: πιστός (ὁ καλῶν)
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s own reliability/faithfulness to fulfill his promise (1Thessz 5:24), grounding assurance in God’s character rather than the believer’s performance. Cross-reference the baseline’s Critical ‘assurance_of_salvation’ fault line (Reformed settled assurance vs. Catholic ongoing uncertainty) rather than treating this as an independent new fault line.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Congregational Order
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The Thessalonian congregation (1Thessz 1:1); serves both hierarchical Catholic and presbyterian/congregational Reformed ecclesiology without assuming either polity as the text’s own structure.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Grace in the Epistolary Greeting
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relational, covenantal peace with God, invoked in the epistolary greeting (1Thessz 1:1); distinct from mere psychological calm.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Isten ereje
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: Gospel Reception and Power
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God’s effective capability, not occult or impersonal force; ‘in power and in the Holy Spirit’ (1Thessz 1:5) describing gospel arrival among the Thessalonians.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: pogányok / nemzetek
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1Thessz 4:5 contrasts sanctified conduct with the Gentiles ‘who do not know God’ — a morally-contrastive context where the stronger ‘pogányok’ (pagans) connotation is contextually apt, unlike more neutral occurrences elsewhere.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: lelki ajándékok
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: The Spirit’s Ongoing Work and Spiritual Gifts
Inherited from Romans package. Background category for 1Thessz 5:19-21’s balance of ‘do not quench the Spirit’ and ‘test everything’; both major Hungarian traditions read charismatic manifestations cautiously compared to the smaller Hungarian Pentecostal/Charismatic presence.
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, sense-restricted. Baseline fixes ‘buzdítani’ for the exhort/urge sense (1Thessz 2:11-12, 5:14). Where the dominant sense is comfort/console rather than exhortation (notably 4:18, grief context), do NOT default to ‘buzdítani’ — see new entry ‘exhort_comfort’ below for the comfort-sense rendering and per-occurrence sense-check requirement.
Love
Approved rendering: szeretet
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Self-giving, others-directed love producing ‘labor’ (1Thessz 1:3) and directly Spirit/God-taught (4:9, philadelphia). Hungarian ‘szeretet’ does not lexically distinguish agapē from philia/erōs or general affection; teaching notes must specify the self-giving, others-directed sense.
Endurance Of Hope
Approved rendering: állhatatosság
Transliteration: hypomonē (tēs elpidos)
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: ὑπομονή (τῆς ἐλπίδος)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Steadfast, patient perseverance directly grounded in and inspired by hope (1Thessz 1:3). The direct terminological link to elpis must be preserved so endurance is not severed from its eschatological ground.
Exhort Comfort
Approved rendering: bátorítani / vígasztalni
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
NEW — sense-restricted companion entry to baseline ‘exhort.’ Where parakaleō’s dominant sense is comfort/console rather than urge/exhort (1Thessz 4:18’s grief context; cf. 5:14’s mixed sense), render ‘bátorítsátok/vígasszátok,’ not the baseline’s exhort-sense ‘buzdítani.’ Check sense per occurrence before applying either rendering.
Blameless
Approved rendering: feddhetetlen(ül)
Transliteration: amemptos / amemptōs
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: ἄμεμπτος / ἀμέμπτως
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Conduct with no valid accusation against it; used of Paul’s ministry (2:10) and believers’ readiness at the Parousia (3:13, 5:23). Consistent link to Parousia-readiness must be preserved across occurrences.
Minister Servant
Approved rendering: Isten szolgája / munkatársa
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Congregational Order
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
NEW. Descriptive usage for Timothy (1Thessz 3:2), distinct from the later formal ecclesial office of deacon; teaching notes must avoid reading a fixed office back into this occurrence.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: paráznaság
Transliteration: porneia
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
NEW. Standard term across Hungarian traditions; any sexual activity outside the biblical marriage norm (1Thessz 4:3).
Vessel
Approved rendering: edény
Transliteration: skeuos
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Metaphorically either ‘one’s own body’ or, on another longstanding reading, ‘one’s wife’ (1Thessz 4:4). Genuine, longstanding exegetical ambiguity affects the rendering choice itself (reflexive vs. relational grammar); flagged for theologian review before Phase 2 lock-in.
Avenger
Approved rendering: bosszúálló
Transliteration: ekdikos
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Judgment
Original: ἔκδικος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The Lord as one who executes just retribution for sin against a brother (1Thessz 4:6). Ties directly to the wrath/Day-of-the-Lord theme; God’s just retribution, not vindictive human vengeance.
Grieve
Approved rendering: szomorkodni / bánkódni
Transliteration: lypeomai
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ne szomorkodjatok mint abszolút tilalom a gyász ellen
Original: λυπέομαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Paul restricts but does not forbid grief (1Thessz 4:13). The comparative clause (‘grieve as those without hope’) must be preserved intact, never flattened into an absolute prohibition against grieving at all.
Bring With Him
Approved rendering: elhozza (őket)
Transliteration: axei (agō)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἄξει (ἄγω)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. God’s own action of bringing deceased believers back with the returning Christ (1Thessz 4:14); the subject must remain God’s sovereign action, not a passive event or the dead ascending by their own power.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: az Úr szava / igéje
Transliteration: logos kyriou
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: λόγος κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Authoritative divine revelation underwriting the teaching of 1Thessz 4:16-17 (4:15); must retain the sense of a specific divine authoritative deposit, not generic pastoral opinion.
Precede
Approved rendering: megelőzni
Transliteration: phthanō (phthasōmen)
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: φθάνω (φθάσωμεν)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The negation (‘will not precede,’ 1Thessz 4:15) must be preserved intact for its pastoral-comfort function: the living gain no timing advantage over the dead.
Shout Of Command
Approved rendering: parancsszó
Transliteration: keleusma
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. A sovereign shout of command, military/royal in background, accompanying Christ’s descent (1Thessz 4:16); avoid a term suggesting a chaotic shout rather than sovereign command.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: Isten trombitája
Transliteration: salpinx theou
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: σάλπιγξ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard apocalyptic imagery (1Thessz 4:16); must be read as apocalyptic-symbolic-yet-real, not merely decorative and allegorized away.
Meeting
Approved rendering: találkozás / (menjünk) elébe
Transliteration: apantēsis
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. A formal, technical Hellenistic-civic term for going out to meet and escort back an arriving dignitary (1Thessz 4:17). Risk of losing this background in favor of a static ‘meeting’ read as a one-way, upward-only departure from earth; a teaching note on the civic-reception background is recommended.
Always With The Lord
Approved rendering: mindenkor az Úrral leszünk
Transliteration: pantote syn kyriō esometha
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: πάντοτε σὺν κυρίῳ ἐσόμεθα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The climactic resolution of the resurrection-hope argument (1Thessz 4:17): permanent, unbroken future fellowship with Christ. Rhetorical risk, not lexical: retain warm, climactic, confident phrasing per the baseline’s Romans 8 Abba/Atya precedent for assurance-bearing passages.
Destruction
Approved rendering: pusztulás / veszedelem
Transliteration: olethros
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Judgment
Original: ὄλεθρος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Sudden, total ruin coming upon the unprepared (1Thessz 5:3); ties to the wrath/judgment theme, sudden and total, not gradual decline.
Helmet Hope Of Salvation
Approved rendering: az üdvösség reménységének sisakja
Transliteration: perikephalaia, elpis sōtērias
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: περικεφαλαία, ἐλπὶς σωτηρίας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Armor imagery combining hope and salvation as protective equipment for the Day of the Lord (1Thessz 5:8). Combines the already-Critical ‘hope’ and inherited ‘salvation’ entries inside one metaphor; both established renderings must be carried through unmodified.
Those Over You Leaders
Approved rendering: elöljárók
Transliteration: proistamenoi
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Congregational Order
Original: προϊστάμενοι
Category: Church
NEW. Congregational leaders/overseers to be respected (1Thessz 5:12); the same word must serve both hierarchical Catholic and presbyterian/congregational Reformed polity without assuming either model as the text’s own structure.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry Pattern
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Established, unambiguous term; Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy as ‘apostles of Christ’ (1Thessz 2:6).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: hálaadás
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Continual Prayer
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term; grateful acknowledgment of God’s goodness (1Thessz 1:2; 5:18, ‘give thanks in all circumstances’).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: közösség
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship Practices
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term for shared participation in Christ and with other believers, background category for 1Thessz’s congregational-life material.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prófécia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: The Spirit’s Ongoing Work and Spiritual Gifts
Original: προφητεία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term; ‘do not despise prophecies’ (1Thessz 5:20), paired with ‘test everything’ (5:21).
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: példa
Transliteration: typos
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship Practices
Original: τύπος
Category: Church
NEW. Standard term; the Thessalonians ‘became an example’ (1Thessz 1:7).
Idols
Approved rendering: bálvány
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: Gospel Reception and Power
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Sin
NEW. Standard, unambiguous term; the Thessalonians ‘turned to God from idols’ (1Thessz 1:9).
Wait For
Approved rendering: várni
Transliteration: anamenein
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: ἀναμένειν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Expectant waiting for Christ’s return from heaven (1Thessz 1:10); standard, unambiguous term.
Imitators
Approved rendering: követő / utánzó
Transliteration: mimētēs
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship Practices
Original: μιμητής
Category: Church
NEW. Standard discipleship term; the Thessalonians became imitators of Paul, the Lord, and the Judean churches (1Thessz 1:6, 2:14).
Satan
Approved rendering: Sátán
Transliteration: Satanas
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction of the Church
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: God
NEW. Standard proper noun/title across all Hungarian Christian traditions; ‘Satan hindered us’ (1Thessz 2:18).
Tempter
Approved rendering: a kísértő
Transliteration: ho peirazōn
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction of the Church
Original: ὁ πειράζων
Category: God
NEW. Standard title for Satan (1Thessz 3:5).
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: megerősít(eni)
Transliteration: stērizō
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Standard pastoral-strengthening term; Timothy sent ‘to establish and encourage’ (1Thessz 3:2).
Shaken
Approved rendering: megingatni / megrendülni
Transliteration: saleuō
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction of the Church
Original: σαλεύω
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard term; persecution-induced instability (1Thessz 3:3).
Lust Desire
Approved rendering: kívánság / vágy
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
NEW. Disordered, passionate desire, contrasted with sanctified conduct ‘like the Gentiles’ (1Thessz 4:5).
Wrong Defraud
Approved rendering: kárt tenni / megcsalni
Transliteration: pleonekteō / adikeō
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Original: πλεονεκτέω / ἀδικέω
Category: Sin
NEW. Standard ethical term; exploiting or defrauding a fellow believer (1Thessz 4:6).
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: testvéri szeretet
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
NEW. Love within the family of believers, described as taught directly by God (1Thessz 4:9).
Taught By God
Approved rendering: Istentől tanított
Transliteration: theodidaktos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: θεοδίδακτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Unusual compound; describes the source of the Thessalonians’ mutual love (1Thessz 4:9).
Live Quietly
Approved rendering: csendesség
Transliteration: hēsychia
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: ἡσυχία
Category: Church
NEW. Standard pastoral-ethical term; a settled, undisruptive manner of life and diligent work (1Thessz 4:11).
Archangel Voice
Approved rendering: arkangyal szava
Transliteration: phōnē archangelou
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: φωνὴ ἀρχαγγέλου
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard, well-established apocalyptic imagery across all Hungarian traditions (1Thessz 4:16).
Descend
Approved rendering: leszáll (a mennyből)
Transliteration: katabainō (katabēsetai)
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: καταβαίνω (καταβήσεται)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Christ’s real, visible, spatial descent from heaven (1Thessz 4:16); reinforces the bodily, historical nature of the Parousia against a purely ‘spiritual’ reinterpretation.
Clouds
Approved rendering: felhők
Transliteration: nephelai
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: νεφέλαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Theophanic clouds accompanying Christ’s return (1Thessz 4:17), echoing Old Testament theophany imagery.
Air
Approved rendering: levegő
Transliteration: aēr
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: ἀήρ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The physical lower atmosphere where believers meet the Lord (1Thessz 4:17); locates the meeting as a real, spatial event continuous with physical creation.
Peace And Security
Approved rendering: béke és biztonság
Transliteration: eirēnē kai asphaleia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια
Category: Eschatology
NEW. False worldly confidence just before the Day of the Lord’s sudden judgment (1Thessz 5:3).
Sons Of Light
Approved rendering: a világosság fiai / a nappal fiai
Transliteration: huioi phōtos / hēmeras
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός / ἡμέρας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Believers’ identity as belonging to the light and day, contrasted with darkness/night (1Thessz 5:5); standard biblical dualistic imagery, low risk of confusion with unrelated Hungarian folk dualism.
Be Sober
Approved rendering: legyünk józanok
Transliteration: nēphō
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: νήφω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Mental and spiritual alertness/self-control, not merely literal sobriety from alcohol (1Thessz 5:6, 5:8).
Build Up
Approved rendering: épít(sétek)
Transliteration: oikodomeō
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: οἰκοδομέω
Category: Church
NEW. Mutual spiritual encouragement (1Thessz 5:11); standard mutual-edification term.
Admonish
Approved rendering: inteni
Transliteration: noutheteō
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: νουθετέω
Category: Church
NEW. Standard pastoral-correction term; admonish the idle (1Thessz 5:14).
Idle Unruly
Approved rendering: rendetlen(ek)
Transliteration: ataktos
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Congregational Order
Original: ἄτακτος
Category: Church
NEW. Standard congregational-discipline term (1Thessz 5:14).
The Weak
Approved rendering: gyenge(ek)
Transliteration: asthenēs
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: ἀσθενής
Category: Church
NEW. Standard pastoral-care term; help the weak (1Thessz 5:14).
Be Patient
Approved rendering: hosszútűrők legyünk
Transliteration: makrothymeō
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Edification
Original: μακροθυμέω
Category: Church
NEW. Sustained patience toward difficult people (1Thessz 5:14); standard virtue term.
Rejoice
Approved rendering: örüljetek
Transliteration: chairō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Continual Prayer
Original: χαίρω
Category: Faith
NEW. Continual joy and gladness (1Thessz 5:16); standard term.
Pray
Approved rendering: imádkozzatok
Transliteration: proseuchomai
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Continual Prayer
Original: προσεύχομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. General, continual prayer (1Thessz 5:17); distinct from the baseline’s ‘intercession’ (közbenjárás), which specifically concerns prayer on behalf of another — not present as a distinct term in this letter.
Give Thanks
Approved rendering: hálát adni
Transliteration: eucharisteō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Continual Prayer
Original: εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
NEW. Grateful acknowledgment of God’s goodness in all circumstances (1Thessz 5:18); standard term per baseline hálaadás category.
Test Examine
Approved rendering: megvizsgálni
Transliteration: dokimazō
Doctrine: The Spirit’s Ongoing Work and Spiritual Gifts
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Discernment/testing for genuineness, paired with ‘do not quench the Spirit’ (1Thessz 5:21).
Abstain
Approved rendering: tartózkodni
Transliteration: apechomai
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἀπέχομαι
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Self-restraint from every form of evil (1Thessz 5:22); standard term.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: szent csók
Transliteration: philēma hagion
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship Practices
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. A customary greeting among believers (1Thessz 5:26); cultural-practice note recommended, since contemporary Hungarian greeting customs differ, without altering the translated text itself.
Not Know Ignorant
Approved rendering: nem akarjuk, hogy tudatlanságban legyetek
Transliteration: agnoein
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: ἀγνοεῖν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Paul’s pastoral concern that believers not be left uninformed about the dead (1Thessz 4:13); standard, unambiguous pastoral-instructional phrase.
Referenced passages