Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Philippians (English–Hungarian)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked “Reused (baseline)” carry over the exact baseline Hungarian rendering and risk tier and must not be altered. Terms marked “New (Philippians)” are proposed additions for this curriculum, to be added to translation memory in Phase 2 with incremented version number, pending theologian sign-off on Critical/High items per the baseline’s escalation rules.
Reused Terms (from Baseline Romans Package — apply exactly)
| English Term | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Philippians Passages | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | evangélium | High | Gospel / Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5, 1:7, 1:12, 1:16, 1:27, 2:22, 4:3, 4:15 | Reused (baseline) |
| Grace | kegyelem | Critical | Grace | 1:2, 1:7, 1:29, 4:23 | Reused (baseline) |
| Faith | hit | High | Faith / Righteousness by Faith vs Law | 1:25, 1:27, 2:17, 3:9, 4:6 | Reused (baseline) |
| Righteousness | igazság | Critical | Righteousness by Faith vs Law | 1:11, 3:6, 3:9 | Reused (baseline) |
| Salvation | üdvösség | Critical | Salvation | 1:19, 1:28, 2:12 | Reused (baseline) |
| Saints | szentek | High | Sainthood | 1:1, 4:21-22 | Reused (baseline) — mandatory all-believers note applies |
| Church | egyház | Medium | Church as God’s People | 4:15 | Reused (baseline) |
| Lord | Úr | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:2, 1:14, 2:11, 2:19, 2:24, 2:29, 3:1, 3:8, 3:20, 4:1, 4:2, 4:4, 4:5, 4:10, 4:23 | Reused (baseline) |
| Jesus | Jézus | Critical | Lordship of Christ / Incarnation | throughout | Reused (baseline) |
| Christ | Krisztus | Critical | Christology (general) | throughout | Reused (baseline — established proper-name form per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md) |
| God | Isten | Critical | God | throughout | Reused (baseline) |
| Father | Atya | Critical | Adoption / Trinitarian order | 1:2, 2:11, 4:20 | Reused (baseline) |
| Holy Spirit | Szentlélek | Critical | Sanctification | 1:19 (“Spirit of Jesus Christ”), 2:1 (ambiguous — see analysis) | Reused (baseline); flag 2:1 ambiguity for theologian review |
| Glory | dicsőség | Medium/High | Deity of Christ | 1:11, 2:11, 3:19, 3:21, 4:19, 4:20 | Reused (baseline) |
| Peace | béke | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2, 4:7, 4:9 | Reused (baseline) |
| Fellowship | közösség | Low/High (context-dependent) | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5, 2:1, 3:10, 4:15 | Reused (baseline); risk elevates to High where combined with sufferings (3:10) or gospel-partnership (1:5) |
| Thanksgiving | hálaadás | Low | Thanksgiving | 1:3, 4:6 | Reused (baseline) |
| Law | törvény | High | Righteousness by Faith vs Law | 3:5, 3:6, 3:9 | Reused (baseline) |
| Resurrection | feltámadás | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 3:10, 3:11, 3:21 | Reused (baseline) |
| Power of God | Isten ereje | Medium | Power of God | 3:10, 3:21 | Reused (baseline) |
| Messiah | Messiás | Critical | Messianic Promise | (implicit in “Krisztus” usage) | Reused (baseline) |
New Terms Introduced by Philippians
| English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form of God | μορφὴ θεοῦ | morphē theou | Isten formája | Critical | Incarnation / Deity of Christ | 2:6 | ”Isten képmása” (implies derivative likeness, risks Arian-adjacent reading) | Christ’s pre-existent, essential, undiminished deity; affirmed identically across Hungarian Catholic and Reformed traditions |
| A thing to be grasped | ἁρπαγμός | harpagmos | zsákmány(nak tekinteni) | High | Incarnation | 2:6 | ”ragadomány” (older Károli form, acceptable but less current) | Christ’s deity was not something illegitimately seized; He also did not relinquish deity — He set aside its outward privileges |
| Equal with God | ἴσα θεῷ | isa theō | Istennel egyenlő | Critical | Deity of Christ | 2:6 | none permitted | No subordinationist qualification allowed |
| Emptied himself (Kenosis) | ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν | heauton ekenōsen | megüresítette önmagát | Critical | The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) | 2:7 | ”önmagát megalázta” (conflates with v.8’s distinct verb); a heretical “attribute-divesting” kenotic-theology reading | Theological name for the doctrine: kenózis. Addition of human nature, not subtraction of divine nature |
| Form of a servant | μορφὴν δούλου | morphēn doulou | szolgai forma | High | Incarnation | 2:7 | none | Real, essential servant-status, paralleling and contrasting “form of God” |
| Likeness of men | ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων | homoiōma anthrōpōn | emberekhez hasonlóvá lett | Critical | Incarnation / Humanity of Christ | 2:7 | rendering implying mere outward semblance (docetic risk) | Genuine, full humanity; reinforces baseline incarnation doctrine |
| Outward fashion | σχῆμα | schēma | külső megjelenés/mód | Medium | Incarnation | 2:7 | none | Complements, does not undercut, genuine humanity |
| Humbled himself | ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν | etapeinōsen heauton | megalázta magát | Critical | Unity and Humility in the Church / Incarnation | 2:8 | conflating with v.7’s “megüresítette” | Distinct verbal moment from v.7’s kenosis; grounds imitable humility |
| Death of the cross | θάνατος σταυροῦ | thanatos staurou | kereszthalál | Critical | Incarnation / Atonement | 2:8 | none | ”Cross” = kereszt; historical, atoning death, no crucifix-imagery implication either direction |
| Highly exalted | ὑπερύψωσεν | hyperypsōsen | felette felmagasztalta | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 2:9 | rendering implying merit-earned reward | The Father’s sovereign vindicating act |
| Humility / lowliness of mind | ταπεινοφροσύνη | tapeinophrosynē | alázatosság | Critical | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | ascetic-technique-only reading (Catholic devotional risk); generic self-deprecation | Christ-patterned, other-directed self-giving, not low self-esteem |
| Same mind / think the same thing | τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν | to auto phronein | egyet gondolkodni / egyet érteni lelkületben | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:2, 2:5, 4:2 | reduction to mere doctrinal-opinion agreement | Whole-orientation shared disposition, not intellectual consensus only |
| Selfish ambition / strife | ἐριθεία | eritheia | önzés/versengés | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | political-factionalism-only reading | Any self-promoting motive excluded from congregational life |
| Empty conceit / vainglory | κενοδοξία | kenodoxia | hiú dicsőségvágy / üres önmagasztalás | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | none | Deliberate literary contrast with ekenōsen (v.7) — “empty” self-glorification vs. self-emptying |
| Joy | χαρά / χαίρω | chara / chairō | öröm / örüljetek | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1:4, 1:18, 1:25, 2:2, 2:17-18, 2:28-29, 3:1, 4:1, 4:4, 4:10 | ”boldogság” (happiness — circumstance-dependent, forbidden) | Joy present within, not despite the absence of, suffering |
| Chains/imprisonment | δεσμοί | desmoi | bilincsek / fogság | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1:7, 1:13-14, 1:17 | spiritualized-metaphor-only reading | Paul’s literal Roman custody; concrete historical setting of the letter |
| Suffering (as gift of grace) | πάσχω / ἐχαρίσθη | paschō / echaristhē | szenvedés (kegyelmi ajándékként) | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment / Grace | 1:29-30 | rendering implying suffering itself is meritorious | Suffering for Christ explicitly named a grace-gift (χαρίζομαι root) |
| To live is Christ / to die is gain | τὸ ζῆν Χριστός / τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος | to zēn Christos / to apothanein kerdos | nekem az élet Krisztus, a meghalás nyereség | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment / Contentment | 1:21 | reducing “gain” to relief-from-pain only | Positive, Christ-ward valuation of death, not merely escape |
| Flesh | σάρξ | sarx | test (fallen nature/effort sense — mandatory disambiguation note) | High | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:3-4 | unmarked “test” without disambiguation from sōma | Notably absent from baseline Romans glossary despite parallel usage there; gap closed here |
| Righteousness of the law / through faith | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως | dikaiosynē ek nomou / dia pisteōs | törvényből való igazság / hit által való igazság | Critical | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:6, 3:9 | resolving the Reformed/Catholic fault line in either direction | Identical fault line to baseline justification/imputed_righteousness; route to theologian review |
| Loss / rubbish | ζημία / σκύβαλα | zēmia / skybala | kár / szemét | Medium | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:7-8 | over-softened euphemism losing rhetorical force | Deliberately visceral devaluation of former credentials |
| Fellowship of his sufferings | κοινωνία [τῶν] παθημάτων αὐτοῦ | koinōnia pathēmatōn autou | szenvedéseiben való részesedés | High | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law (union with Christ) | 3:10 | redemptive-suffering / “offering up” merit-addition reading (Catholic collision risk); any reading that dilutes it to bare metaphor | Participatory identification with Christ’s pattern, no additive/meritorious dimension; route to theologian review |
| Press on / pursue | διώκω | diōkō | törekszem / futok célom felé | High | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:12, 3:14 | none (distinguish from “persecute” sense in 3:6 by context) | Athletic-race metaphor for sanctified pursuit of Christ |
| Prize | βραβεῖον | brabeion | díj | High | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:14 | merit-earned-reward-for-righteousness reading | Consummation of calling, not earned soteriological reward |
| Goal | σκοπός | skopos | cél | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:14 | none | Echoes skopountes (2:4) |
| Mature/perfect | τέλειοι | teleioi | érettek | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:15 | ”tökéletesek” (risks sinless-perfectionism reading Paul explicitly disclaims in 3:12) | — |
| Citizenship in heaven | πολίτευμα | politeuma | polgárjogunk a mennyben van | High | Citizenship in Heaven | 1:27 (verb form), 3:20 | ”hazánk a mennyben van” (risks competing nationalist “haza” resonance in Hungarian cultural memory) | Roman-colony civic background required in teaching notes |
| Enemies of the cross | ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ | echthroi tou staurou | a kereszt ellenségei | Medium | Citizenship in Heaven / Righteousness by Faith | 3:18 | none | Reuses stauros = kereszt established at 2:8 |
| Cross | σταυρός | stauros | kereszt | Critical | Incarnation / Atonement | 2:8, 3:18 | none | New standalone entry; absent from baseline Romans glossary though implied there. No crucifix-imagery implication either Catholic or Reformed direction |
| Contentment | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | elégedettség | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:11 | unmarked rendering without Stoic-contrast note | Pauline Christ-dependent contentment, deliberately repurposing a Stoic self-sufficiency term |
| Strengthens me | ἐνδυναμοῦντι [με] | endynamounti [me] | aki megerősít engem | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:13 | decontextualized “prosperity”/general-empowerment reading | Must be taught together with 4:11-12’s contentment context |
| Partnership in the gospel | κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον | koinōnia eis to euangelion | az evangélium ügyében való közösség | High | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5 | reduction to purely abstract spiritual solidarity | Includes concrete financial/missional partnership |
| Partnership in giving and receiving | κοινωνία εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως | koinōnia eis logon doseōs kai lēmpseōs | az adás és elfogadás dolgában való közösség | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | 4:15 | none | Concrete commercial-bookkeeping idiom applied to gospel support |
| Sacrifice / service (liturgical vocabulary) | θυσία / λειτουργία | thysia / leitourgia | áldozat / szolgálat | High | Partnership in the Gospel / Unity | 2:17, 2:25, 2:30, 4:18 | transliterated “liturgia” for leitourgia (imports formal ritual-liturgical connotation) | Genuine Eucharistic-sacrifice collision risk for Catholic readers; render leitourgia as szolgálat, not liturgia |
| Poured out as a drink offering | σπένδομαι | spendomai | italáldozatként kiöntetem | High | Joy in Suffering / Partnership in the Gospel | 2:17 | conflation with Eucharistic/sacramental categories | Paul’s personal, non-sacramental self-offering metaphor |
| Bishops/overseers | ἐπίσκοποι | episkopoi | püspökök | High | Church as God’s People (polity) | 1:1 | assuming either modern Catholic sacramental-hierarchical or modern Reformed administrative office as the text’s referent | First-century local congregational overseers; genuine live collision since both modern Hungarian denominations use “püspök” as a real, differently-structured office today |
| Deacons | διάκονοι | diakonoi | diakónusok | Medium | Church as God’s People (polity) | 1:1 | assuming Catholic sacramental minor-order or Reformed non-sacramental office as the sole referent | Congregational servant-office |
| Servant/slave | δοῦλος/δοῦλοι | doulos/douloi | szolga(i) | High | Unity and Humility / Incarnation | 1:1, 2:7 | ”rabszolga” in the salutation register (concept retained, term softened for register) | Title of honor because Christ took the same status-word first (2:7) |
| Day of Christ | ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ | hēmera Christou | Krisztus napja | Medium | Eschatology | 1:6, 1:10, 2:16 | none | Consistent rendering required across curriculum documents |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | szeretet | Medium | Unity and Humility | 1:9, 2:1-2 | none | Standard vocabulary; new to this Language Package’s explicit glossary though present throughout Romans too |
| Book of life | βίβλος ζωῆς | biblos zōēs | az élet könyve | Medium | Assurance / Election (overlap) | 4:3 | resolving assurance-of-salvation fault line by implication | Touches the same Reformed/Catholic assurance and baseline election fault line |
| Children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ | tekna theou | Isten gyermekei | Medium | Adoption into God’s Family | 2:15 | none | Distinct from Christ’s unique eternal Sonship per baseline son_of_god note |
| Good pleasure | εὐδοκία | eudokia | jó tetszés/akarat | High | Providence / Effectual Calling (overlap) | 2:13 | none | Overlaps baseline Romans 8:28-30 fault line; route to theologian review |
Cross-Document Consistency Requirements
Per baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents”:
- Philippians 2:11 (“Jézus Krisztus az Úr”) must remain structurally and terminologically identical in confession pattern to the baseline-mandated Romans 10:9 rendering (“Jézus az Úr”).
- “Kegyelem” (grace) must be rendered identically wherever it recurs in Philippians (1:2, 1:7, 1:29, 4:23) as in the baseline Romans package, with no Tridentine-only or strict-Calvinist-only framing.
- “Szentek” (saints) at Philippians 1:1 and 4:21-22 requires the same mandatory all-believers translator note as Romans 1:7.
- New Critical/High terms in this glossary (Isten formája, megüresítette önmagát, alázatosság, kereszt, autarkeia/elégedettség, polgárjogunk a mennyben, püspökök) must be added to
translation_memory.jsonwith an incremented version number before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint érdemek által gyarapítható, szentségek közvetítette adomány (tridenti értelmezés)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 1:29 uniquely extends grace-vocabulary to suffering itself (see suffering_as_gift_of_grace below); preserve Paul’s own claim without adopting either a Tridentine merit framing or a Reformed-assurance-anxiety misreading.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Doctrine: Salvation / Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 1:11 (‘the fruit of righteousness’), 3:6, and 3:9 apply the identical forensic-versus-infused fault line documented in the baseline.
Justification
Approved rendering: megigazulás
Doctrine: Salvation / Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: fokozatos belső megszentelődés kizárólag, jogi kijelentés nélkül (tridenti értelmezés)
Inherited from Romans package for cross-document teaching-note consistency. The literal noun does not occur in Philippians, but Philippians 3:9’s righteousness-through-faith argument is doctrinally identical to Romans 3-5’s justification fault line; retain this exact rendering wherever teaching material cross-references it.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:12 (‘work out your salvation… it is God who works in you’) must not be translated so as to resolve the Reformed monergistic-outworking versus Catholic grace-enabled-cooperation reading in either direction.
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:11’s confession ‘Jézus Krisztus az Úr’ must remain structurally and terminologically identical to the baseline-mandated Romans 10:9 confession pattern ‘Jézus az Úr.‘
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Incarnation
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; established Hungarian Bible-translation form, used throughout Philippians.
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Doctrine: God
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 1:19 (‘the Spirit of Jesus Christ’) and 2:1’s genitive-ambiguous ‘κοινωνία πνεύματος’ (‘fellowship of the Spirit’) both require retaining the Spirit’s personal, divine agency; do not reduce 2:1 to a merely human ‘team spirit.‘
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Trinitarian order
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:11’s ‘Isten Atya dicsőségére’ preserves Trinitarian order: the Son’s exaltation glorifies the Father, not in competition.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐξανάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:10-11 extends this to present experiential transformation (‘feltámadásának ereje’) and 3:21 to the believer’s future glorified body; never render with a term suggesting cyclical rebirth.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messiás
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; largely implicit in Philippians’ consistent fused use of ‘Krisztus’ as proper name plus title (see new entry ‘christ’ below).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Isten Fia
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isten fia általános értelemben, minden hívőre alkalmazva
Inherited from Romans package. Not a literal phrase in Philippians 2:6 (‘Isten formája’ is used instead), but the doctrine is identically in view; Philippians 2:15’s ‘Isten gyermekei’ (children of God, adoptive believer-sonship) must be kept categorically distinct from this unique, eternal Sonship.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: beszámított igazság
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: befogadott/beoltott igazság mint kizárólag belső átalakulás (tridenti értelmezés)
Inherited from Romans package for teaching-note consistency. Philippians 3:9’s ‘righteousness… through faith in Christ’ is doctrinally identical to this baseline category, though Philippians itself does not use the specific credited/imputed verb form found in Romans 4:3.
Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztus
Doctrine: Christology (General) / Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: egy felkent tanító (generic honorific; denies full deity and messianic identity)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New standalone entry for this Language Package; the baseline Romans registry treats ‘Messiah’ but not ‘Christ’ as a distinct key. Established Hungarian Bible-translation form, used throughout Philippians as a proper name/title fused with Jesus, especially in the climactic confession at 2:11.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: Isten formája
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isten képmása (implies derivative/creaturely likeness, risks an Arian-adjacent reading)
Original: μορφὴ θεοῦ
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:6. Christ’s pre-existent, essential, undiminished deity, affirmed identically across Hungarian Catholic and Reformed traditions. Must never be softened toward mere ‘image’ language.
Equal With God
Approved rendering: Istennel egyenlő
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any subordinationist qualification or softening
Original: ἴσα θεῷ
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:6. Full ontological equality with God the Father; no qualification permitted. Must never be rendered in a manner consistent with the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Újvilág fordítás’s subordinationist framing of this verse.
Kenosis
Approved rendering: megüresítette önmagát
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: önmagát megalázta (conflates with the distinct verb of v.8), levetette isteni természetét / any phrase implying subtraction of the divine nature (heretical kenotic-theology reading)
Original: ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:7, doctrinal center of the core passage. Established modern Hungarian rendering, converged upon identically by KAR, RÚF, and SZIT. Retain the transliterated label ‘kenózis’ in teaching notes only, never inside the translated biblical text, to name the doctrine while excluding the heretical attribute-divesting reading. Orthodox sense: addition of a human nature, not subtraction of the divine nature.
Likeness Of Men
Approved rendering: emberekhez hasonlóvá lett
Doctrine: Incarnation / Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: rendering implying only outward semblance without genuine human nature (docetic-adjacent misreading)
Original: ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:7. Affirms Christ’s genuine, full humanity; reinforces the baseline’s incarnation doctrine (megtestesülés).
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: megalázta magát
Doctrine: Obedience of Christ unto Death / Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: megüresítette önmagát (v.7’s distinct verb; must not be conflated with this one)
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:8. Verbal cognate of ‘alázatosság’ (v.3); a second, distinct movement from the incarnation itself (v.7) — Christ’s obedience unto the cross within His human life, and the pattern believers are commanded to imitate.
Cross
Approved rendering: kereszt
Doctrine: Incarnation / Atonement
Original: σταυρός
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:8 (‘kereszthalál’), 3:18 (‘a kereszt ellenségei’). New standalone entry absent from the baseline Romans glossary though implied there. Hungarian Catholic devotional tradition centers visually on the crucifix; Hungarian Reformed tradition is historically aniconic and word-centered. Both affirm the same historical, atoning death; carries no crucifix-imagery implication in either direction.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: felette felmagasztalta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: rendering implying merit-earned reward for obedience (imports a merit-based soteriology into Christology)
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:9. The Father’s own sovereign, vindicating act in response to the Son’s self-emptying and obedience; preserves the intensifying ὑπερ- prefix echoing ‘ὑπάρχων’ (v.6) and ‘ὑπερέχοντας’ (v.3).
Name Above Every Name
Approved rendering: minden névnél nagyobb név
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:9. Doctrinally continuous with the baseline’s Critical lordship_of_christ doctrine; consistency across curricula required per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rules.
Every Knee Shall Bow
Approved rendering: minden térd meghajol
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any rendering narrowing the universal scope of ‘every knee’
Original: πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:10. Deliberate echo of Isaiah 45:23 (LXX), applying to Jesus the universal worship due to YHWH alone; must retain unqualified universal scope per the baseline validation rule on universality claims.
Humility
Approved rendering: alázatosság
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: ascetic-technique-only reading (Catholic devotional risk), generic self-deprecation or low self-esteem
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 2:3. Directly load-bearing for this curriculum’s doctrine. Must be taught as Christ-patterned, other-directed self-giving per 2:6-8, not either tradition’s separate spiritual-formation framework.
Righteousness Of Law Vs Faith
Approved rendering: törvényből való igazság / hit által való igazság
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: resolving the Reformed/Catholic fault line in either direction
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἡ ἐκ νόμου / ἡ διὰ πίστεως
Category: Salvation
Philippians 3:6, 3:9. The clearest single-verse statement in Philippians of the identical Reformed (forensic, faith alone) versus Catholic (faith plus grace-enabled cooperation) fault line documented for baseline justification/imputed_righteousness. Route to theologian review at every occurrence.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: az igazság gyümölcse
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: implying righteousness itself is earned by producing good fruit
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation
Philippians 1:11 (καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης). The moral/relational produce that flows from right standing with God, not a means of producing that standing.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangélium
Doctrine: Gospel / Partnership in the Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; in Philippians additionally the specific cause of the letter’s partnership language (1:5, 1:7, 1:12, 1:16, 1:27, 2:22, 4:3, 4:15).
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Doctrine: Faith / Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:9 explicitly contrasts law-based and faith-based righteousness, recreating the Romans 3-5 fault line in miniature.
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólagosan kanonizált, közbenjárásra kért személyek (katolikus olvasat)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 1:1 and 4:21-22 are further occurrences of the identical corporate, all-believers sense established at Romans 1:7; the mandatory all-believers translator note applies at every occurrence.
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Applied in Philippians to God’s own glory (1:11, 2:11, 4:20) and, at 3:21, extended eschatologically to the believer’s future glorified body (‘dicsőséges testéhez hasonlóvá’).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: közösség
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel / Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, generally Low risk there; Philippians’ distinctive combinations elevate the doctrinal stakes within this book — with gospel-partnership (1:5), with the Spirit (2:1), and especially with Christ’s sufferings (3:10; see fellowship_of_his_sufferings below).
Law
Approved rendering: törvény
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:5-6, 3:9 recreate Romans 7’s law-versus-faith tension in condensed form; do not assume either the Reformed ‘threefold use of the law’ framework or Catholic precept-observance culture as the text’s own background.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: megtestesülés
Doctrine: Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:7’s ‘emberekhez hasonlóvá lett’ (likeness of men) reinforces this doctrine; Philippians 2:6-8 is the fullest single Pauline treatment of the incarnation’s mechanics in the New Testament, supplying the new Critical-tier terms below (form_of_god, kenosis, form_of_a_servant, likeness_of_men).
Thing To Be Grasped
Approved rendering: zsákmány
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: ragadomány (older Károli form, acceptable within the literary register but not the primary modern rendering)
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:6. Christ’s deity was not something illegitimately seized, nor did He relinquish deity in becoming incarnate — He voluntarily set aside its outward privileges.
Form Of A Servant
Approved rendering: szolgai forma
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:7. Deliberate structural parallel/contrast to ‘Isten formája’; both forms named are equally real and essential, not illusory or merely titular.
Same Mind
Approved rendering: egyet gondolkodni
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: reduction to mere doctrinal-opinion agreement
Original: τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 2:2, 2:5, 4:2. φρονέω denotes a whole orientation of mind/will, not just intellectual agreement; the same verb roots the ‘mind of Christ’ command in 2:5.
Empty Conceit
Approved rendering: hiú dicsőségvágy
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κενοδοξία
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 2:3 (κενοδοξία). Deliberate literary contrast with ‘megüresítette önmagát’ (v.7) — empty self-glorification is the photographic negative of Christ’s self-emptying; preserve this wordplay in teaching notes.
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: szolga
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church / Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: rabszolga in the salutation register (concept of full ownership retained, harsher term avoided in the greeting formula)
Original: δοῦλος / δοῦλοι
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 1:1, 2:7. Paul and Timothy’s self-designation and the real, essential status Christ Himself genuinely took on; a title of honor precisely because Christ took the same status-word first.
Bishops Overseers
Approved rendering: püspökök
Doctrine: Church Polity: Overseers and Deacons
Rejected alternatives: assuming either the modern Catholic sacramental-hierarchical or the modern Reformed elected-administrative office as the text’s referent
Original: ἐπίσκοποι
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1. Genuine live Hungarian collision: both the Hungarian Catholic Church and the Hungarian Reformed Church use ‘püspök’ today as an actual, differently-structured office. Philippians 1:1’s plural, local, congregational episkopoi must not be silently equated with either modern office; mandatory translator/teaching note.
Joy
Approved rendering: öröm
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: boldogság (happiness — implies favorable circumstances in ordinary Hungarian usage; forbidden)
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Joy and Suffering
Philippians 1:4, 1:18, 1:25, 2:2, 2:17-18, 2:28-29, 3:1, 4:1, 4:4, 4:10. Joy present within, not despite the absence of, suffering and imprisonment — a letter written from Roman custody. The imperative ‘always’ at 4:4 must retain its unqualified force.
Chains Imprisonment
Approved rendering: fogság
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: spiritualized-metaphor-only reading
Original: δεσμοί
Category: Joy and Suffering
Philippians 1:7, 1:13-14, 1:17. Paul’s literal Roman custody, the concrete historical setting of the letter; must not be spiritualized away.
Suffering As Gift Of Grace
Approved rendering: szenvedés (kegyelmi ajándékként)
Doctrine: Suffering as a Gift of Grace / Grace
Rejected alternatives: rendering implying suffering itself is meritorious (Tridentine risk), rendering implying suffering is evidence against Reformed assurance of salvation
Philippians 1:29-30. Suffering for Christ’s sake explicitly named a charis-gift (ἐχαρίσθη); teaching note required connecting this to baseline ‘kegyelem’ without implying merit-accrual or diminished assurance.
To Live Is Christ Die Is Gain
Approved rendering: nekem az élet Krisztus, a meghalás nyereség
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment / Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: reducing ‘gain’ (nyereség) to relief-from-pain only
Original: τὸ ζῆν Χριστός, τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος
Category: Joy and Suffering
Philippians 1:21. Radical Christ-centered valuation of both life and death, anticipating possible martyrdom; must retain a positive, Christ-ward valuation of death itself.
Flesh
Approved rendering: test
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: unmarked ‘test’ without disambiguation from sōma (physical body)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Righteousness by Faith
Philippians 3:3-4 (σάρξ). Closes a gap in the baseline Romans glossary. Hungarian renders both sarx (fallen nature/effort) and sōma (physical body, e.g. 3:21’s ‘dicsőséges testéhez’) as ‘test’; mandatory translator note required distinguishing the senses wherever both occur in the same unit.
Fellowship Of His Sufferings
Approved rendering: szenvedéseiben való részesedés
Doctrine: Fellowship in Christ’s Sufferings
Rejected alternatives: redemptive-suffering / ‘offering up’ merit-addition reading (Catholic devotional collision risk), any reading that dilutes it to bare metaphor with no participatory force
Original: κοινωνία [τῶν] παθημάτων αὐτοῦ
Category: Righteousness by Faith
Philippians 3:10. Genuine collision risk distinct from the justification axis: Catholic devotional tradition unites personal suffering redemptively with Christ’s passion; Reformed reading holds this strictly as pattern-identification with no additive/meritorious dimension. Translate Paul’s own participatory claim without resolving this either way; route to theologian review.
Press On Pursue
Approved rendering: törekszem
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
Philippians 3:12, 3:14 (διώκω). Central athletic-race metaphor. Must not be confused with the term’s other common sense ‘persecute,’ used of Paul’s own pre-conversion activity at 3:6; translator note flagging the dual sense required.
Prize
Approved rendering: díj
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: merit-earned-reward-for-righteousness reading
Original: βραβεῖον
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
Philippians 3:14 (βραβεῖον). The consummation of the believer’s calling, not a merit-earned reward for righteousness, which Paul has already stated is received by faith (3:9).
Citizenship In Heaven
Approved rendering: polgárjogunk a mennyben van
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: hazánk a mennyben van (risks competing nationalist ‘haza’ resonance rooted in Hungary’s Trianon-era border trauma; confirmed as the rendering used by both KAR and RÚF, elevating this from theoretical to live risk)
Original: πολίτευμα
Category: Citizenship
Philippians 1:27 (verb form, πολιτεύεσθε), 3:20 (πολίτευμα). Roman-colony civic background required in mandatory teaching notes.
Contentment
Approved rendering: elégedettség
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: unmarked rendering without a mandatory Stoic-contrast teaching note
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Contentment
Philippians 4:11 (αὐτάρκεια). A Stoic self-sufficiency term Paul deliberately repurposes, relocating its source from the self to Christ. Bare ‘elégedettség’ does not itself carry this philosophical background; mandatory translator note contrasting Pauline Christ-dependent contentment with Stoic self-sufficiency required.
Strengthens Me
Approved rendering: aki megerősít engem
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: decontextualized prosperity-gospel / general-achievement-empowerment reading
Original: ἐνδυναμοῦντι [με]
Category: Contentment
Philippians 4:13 (ἐνδυναμοῦντι). Must always be taught together with 4:11-12’s contentment context; explicitly reject the Word-of-Faith/prosperity-preaching tradition current in some independent Hungarian congregations.
Sacrifice Service
Approved rendering: áldozat / szolgálat
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: liturgia (transliteration of leitourgia, imports formal ritual-liturgical connotation)
Original: θυσία / λειτουργία
Category: Partnership
Philippians 2:17, 2:25, 2:30, 4:18 (θυσία / λειτουργία). Genuine collision risk with Catholic Eucharistic sacrifice theology. Render leitourgia as ‘szolgálat,’ never ‘liturgia’; teaching note must clarify these are Paul’s personal, non-sacramental metaphors.
Drink Offering
Approved rendering: italáldozatként kiöntetem
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel / Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: conflation with Eucharistic/sacramental categories
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Partnership
Philippians 2:17 (σπένδομαι). Paul’s personal, non-sacramental self-offering metaphor, echoing Old Testament libation practice, describing his possible martyrdom.
Good Pleasure
Approved rendering: jó tetszés
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Good Pleasure
Original: εὐδοκία
Category: Providence
Philippians 2:13 (εὐδοκία). Directly overlaps the baseline’s Critical Romans 8:28-30 providence/effectual-calling fault line. Translate Paul’s own bare claim without resolving monergism versus synergism; route to theologian review.
Partnership In The Gospel
Approved rendering: az evangélium ügyében való közösség
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: reduction to purely abstract spiritual solidarity
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Partnership
Philippians 1:5. Must retain the concrete, active-partnership sense, including financial partnership (confirmed at 4:15-16).
Obedient
Approved rendering: engedelmes
Doctrine: Obedience of Christ unto Death / Obedience of Faith
Philippians 2:8 (ὑπήκοος). Reuses the register of the baseline’s ‘hitből fakadó engedelmesség’ family; describes Christ’s own voluntary, complete obedience unto death, the ground of the believer’s obedience.
Sacrifice Acceptable Pleasing
Approved rendering: kedves, Istennek tetsző áldozat
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Philippians 4:18 (θυσία, δεκτή, εὐάρεστος). Describes the Philippians’ financial gift in sacrificial-cultic terms; same Eucharistic-collision caution as sacrifice_service applies.
Transform Conformed To Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőséges testéhez hasonlóvá
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Eschatological Hope: The Day of Christ
Philippians 3:21. Future eschatological hope, echoing the morphē word-family from the core passage (2:6-7) one final time; must not collapse this future glorification into the incarnation’s distinct kenotic moment.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 4:15 (‘no church shared with me…’) is a local, gathered-congregation sense consistent with Romans 16’s usage.
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 4:7’s guarding ‘Isten békessége’ is God’s own act, not psychological calm achievable by personal effort.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Isten ereje
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:10’s ‘feltámadásának ereje’ (the power of his resurrection) applies this term experientially to Christian living.
Providence
Approved rendering: gondviselés
Doctrine: Providence
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:12-13 and 4:19 both touch God’s personal, purposive governance; 2:13’s ‘good pleasure’ (see below) directly overlaps the baseline’s Romans 8:28-30 fault line.
Outward Fashion
Approved rendering: külső megjelenés
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: σχήματι
Category: Incarnation
Philippians 2:7 (σχῆμα). The outwardly observable manner of Christ’s human existence; complements, and must not be read as undermining, the genuine humanity affirmed by ‘emberekhez hasonlóvá lett.‘
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: önzés
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: political-factionalism-only reading
Original: ἐριθεία
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 2:3 (ἐριθεία). Any self-promoting motive excluded from congregational life, not only party-strife.
Deacons
Approved rendering: diakónusok
Doctrine: Church Polity: Overseers and Deacons
Rejected alternatives: assuming Catholic sacramental minor-order or Reformed non-sacramental office as the sole referent
Original: διάκονοι
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1. Congregational servant-office, paired with overseers; note both traditions’ differing modern structures without adjudicating between them.
Loss Rubbish
Approved rendering: kár / szemét
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: over-softened euphemism (e.g. ‘haszontalan dolog’) losing Paul’s deliberately visceral rhetorical force
Original: ζημία / σκύβαλα
Category: Righteousness by Faith
Philippians 3:7-8 (ζημία / σκύβαλα). Paul’s deliberately shocking devaluation of his former credentials compared to knowing Christ.
Goal
Approved rendering: cél
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: σκοπός
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
Philippians 3:14 (σκοπός). Echoes ‘σκοποῦντες’ (‘looking to’) at 2:4; preserve this wordplay link in teaching notes.
Mature Perfect
Approved rendering: érettek
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: tökéletesek (risks a sinless-perfectionism reading Paul explicitly disclaims two verses earlier, 3:12)
Original: τέλειοι
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
Philippians 3:15 (τέλειοι). ‘Mature/complete in growth,’ not moral flawlessness.
Enemies Of The Cross
Approved rendering: a kereszt ellenségei
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven / Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Citizenship
Philippians 3:18. Reuses this package’s ‘kereszt’ rendering; those whose lives oppose the self-giving pattern the cross represents.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: Isten gyermekei
Doctrine: Identity as God’s Children
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Adoption
Philippians 2:15 (τέκνα θεοῦ). Believers’ filial status and visible moral identity; kept categorically distinct from Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship (Isten Fia).
Day Of Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztus napja
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope: The Day of Christ
Original: ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 1:6, 1:10, 2:16. Parallel to but distinct from Old Testament ‘day of the LORD’ language; consistent rendering required at every occurrence.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: az élet könyve
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Rejected alternatives: teaching notes that resolve the underlying Reformed/Catholic assurance debate by implication
Original: βίβλος ζωῆς
Category: Assurance
Philippians 4:3 (βίβλος ζωῆς). Touches the same assurance territory as the baseline’s Critical Romans 8 doctrine and the Critical election fault line.
Love
Approved rendering: szeretet
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 1:9, 2:1-2 (ἀγάπη). New to this Language Package’s explicit glossary though present throughout Romans as well; keep distinct from generic ‘kedvesség’ or philia-type affection.
Encouragement
Approved rendering: buzdítás
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: megnyugtatás (consolation — loses the exhortative force)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Unity and Humility
Philippians 2:1 (παράκλησις). A calling-alongside grounded in shared experience of Christ’s comforting presence, reusing the register of the baseline’s ‘exhort’ (buzdítani).
Partnership Giving Receiving
Approved rendering: az adás és elfogadás dolgában való közösség
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως
Category: Partnership
Philippians 4:15. Commercial-bookkeeping idiom applied to the Philippians’ material support of Paul; preserve the concrete idiom.
Same Soul United
Approved rendering: egy lélekkel
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘egység’ (unity), which loses the vivid compound image
Philippians 2:2 (σύμψυχοι). A vivid compound found only here in the New Testament; translator note advisable to preserve the image.
Knowledge Of Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztus megismerése
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Philippians 3:8 (γνῶσις Χριστοῦ). Relational, experiential knowing, the supreme value eclipsing all former credentials.
Boldness
Approved rendering: bátorság
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Philippians 1:14, 1:20 (παρρησία). Confident, unashamed public speech, the desired outcome of Paul’s imprisonment among the believers.
Conformed To His Death
Approved rendering: halálához hasonlóvá válva
Doctrine: Fellowship in Christ’s Sufferings
Philippians 3:10 (συμμορφιζόμενος). Echoes morphē language from the core passage (2:6-7); the believer’s life patterned after Christ’s self-giving shape.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: körülmetélés
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Philippians 3:5 (περιτομή). Covenant sign of Israel, by metonymy confidence in ethnic/ritual heritage renounced as a ground of righteousness; requires OT covenant background note.
Blameless And Pure
Approved rendering: feddhetetlenek és tiszták
Doctrine: Identity as God’s Children
Philippians 2:15 (ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι). Visible moral integrity amid a crooked generation.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: az élet igéje
Doctrine: Gospel
Philippians 2:16 (λόγος ζωῆς). The gospel content the Philippians hold fast; reuses the baseline gospel conceptual field.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: hálaadás
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 1:3, 4:6.
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 4:2’s appeal to Euodia and Syntyche and the related ‘encouragement’ (παράκλησις) of 2:1 draw on the same register.
Affection And Mercy
Approved rendering: szívbeli szeretet és könyörület
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 2:1 (σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί). Deeply felt, gut-level compassion modeled on Christ’s own compassion.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ismeret
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 1:9 (ἐπίγνωσις). Paired with discernment as the shape love should take, not blind sentiment.
Discernment
Approved rendering: megkülönböztető képesség
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 1:10 (αἴσθησις). Practical wisdom to distinguish what truly matters.
Yokefellow
Approved rendering: igazi munkatársam
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 4:3 (σύζυγος). Address to an unnamed co-worker; untranslatable wordplay noted only in teaching material.
Caesars Household
Approved rendering: a császár háza népéből valók
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven / Partnership in the Gospel
Philippians 4:22. Concrete historical evidence of the gospel’s reach into the heart of Roman imperial power; proper noun ‘Császár’ established form.
Grumbling And Disputing
Approved rendering: zúgolódás és vetekedés
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 2:14 (γογγυσμός καὶ διαλογισμός). Negative behaviors excluded from the blameless life urged in context.
Proper Names Timothy Epaphroditus
Approved rendering: Timóteus, Epafroditosz
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Philippians 1:1, 2:19-30, 4:18. Established Hungarian Bible-translation forms of Paul’s named coworkers.
Referenced passages