Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians
English → Hungarian | Term-by-Term Translation Risk Table
Instructions for use: This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked “Reused” MUST use the exact Hungarian rendering already fixed in the baseline — no deviation permitted per the baseline’s Critical/High enforcement rules. Terms marked “New” are proposed additions for Phase 2 translation memory and require the same risk-tiered review routing (Critical/High = human theologian; Medium = native speaker; Low = automated) established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Reused Baseline Terms (2 Corinthians occurrences)
| English Term | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine (2 Cor) | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Isten | Critical | multiple | throughout | No deviation. |
| Jesus | Jézus | Critical | multiple | throughout | No deviation. |
| Lord | Úr | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 4:5,14; 5:11; 10:17-18 | Exclusive lordship sense retained. |
| Holy Spirit | Szentlélek | Critical | New Covenant; Trinitarian benediction | 1:22; 3:3,6,8,17-18; 13:13 | |
| Father | Atya | Critical | 1:3; 6:18 | God as Father of mercies/comfort. | |
| grace | kegyelem | Critical | Generosity and Grace in Giving; Power in Weakness | 1:2; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,6-7,9,19; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:13 | NEVER substitute a purely financial term (e.g., adakozás) for kegyelem at 8:1/8:9/9:14 — see 07 Ch.8 notes. NEVER resolve the grace-in-weakness paradox at 12:9 in either a Tridentine (merit-cooperative) or strict-monergistic direction; translate Paul’s paradox itself. |
| faith | hit | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 13:5 | |
| righteousness | igazság | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 | See imputed_righteousness below. |
| salvation | üdvösség | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 | 6:2/7:10 tie salvation directly to repentance and to “the acceptable time” — do not soften either passage’s urgency. |
| gospel | evangélium | High | multiple | 2:12; 4:3-4; 8:18; 9:13; 10:14; 11:4,7 | |
| apostle | apostol | Low (root); High (compounds) | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 1:1; 8:23; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 | Root term stable; compounds (fő-fő apostolok, hamis apostolok, see below) carry higher risk. |
| holy | szent | Medium | 7:1 | ||
| saints | szentek | High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 | Retain the baseline’s corporate, all-believers clarification note wherever this occurs. | |
| sanctification | megszentelődés | High | 7:1 | Ties to 3:18’s transformation language — see “transformed” below. | |
| covenant | szövetség | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6,14 | Combined with “new” (see új szövetség below). |
| law | törvény | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6-7 (implicit) | See “letter” (betű) below for the more specific 2 Cor term. |
| sin | bűn | Medium (root); Critical (5:21 double use) | Reconciliation with God | 5:19,21; 11:7 | See 5:21 double-sense note in 07. |
| glory | dicsőség | Medium | 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6,17; 8:19,23 | Must be kept lexically distinct from “boasting” (dicsekedés, see below) — glory belongs to God/Christ, boasting is the human act. | |
| power_of_god | Isten ereje | Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 | Contextual rendering at 12:9 as “erőm” (“my power,” i.e., Christ’s power at work in Paul). |
| church | egyház | Medium | 1:1; 8:1,18-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 | ||
| fellowship | közösség | Low (root); Medium (financial-partnership sense) | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:4; 9:13; 13:13 | See notes under koinōnia in 07 Ch.8 — narrows to concrete financial partnership. |
| exhort | buzdítani | Low | 9:5 | Distinct from “comfort” (vigasz) and “entreat” (kér-) — see the parakaleō consistency note below. | |
| resurrection | feltámadás | Critical | 4:14; 5:15 | ||
| imputed_righteousness | beszámított igazság | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:19,21 | The clearest Pauline statement of this doctrine outside Romans 4; treat with matching rigor. |
B. New Terms for 2 Corinthians
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Hungarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Rendering Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις (kainē ktisis) | új teremtés | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17 | Anchor term. Reformed monergistic-regeneration reading vs. Catholic baptismal/sacramental-renewal reading; translate Paul’s flat indicative claim without adopting either mechanism. |
| reconciliation / reconcile | καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω (katallagē / katallassō) | megbékülés / megbékít | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | Highest collision risk in this glossary: Catholic Hungarian tradition names an actual sacrament “a kiengesztelődés szentsége” (repeated, priest-mediated). Prefer megbékülés over kiengesztelődés to reduce this collision; accompany every occurrence with a note distinguishing Paul’s once-for-all, God-initiated act from repeated sacramental practice. |
| ministry of reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς | a megbékülés szolgálata | High | Reconciliation with God; Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:18 | Stewardship of an announcement, not a mediating priestly function. |
| made [him] sin | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (hamartian epoiēsen) | bűnné tette | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:21 | Substitutionary imputation (“the great exchange”); must not imply Christ’s nature became sinful nor reduce to mere suffering-on-account-of-sin. |
| died for all | εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν | egy meghalt mindenkiért / mindenkiért meghalt | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:14-15 | Sits on the extent-of-atonement fault line (particular efficacy vs. universal scope); preserve Paul’s “all…all” parallelism without resolving the debate. |
| judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ (bēma tou Christou) | Krisztus ítélőszéke | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry; Assurance-adjacent | 5:10 | Intersects Catholic particular-judgment/purification framework and Reformed no-condemnation assurance doctrine; translate the recompense claim without importing either system. |
| comfort / consolation | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | vigasz / vigasztalás / megvigasztal | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:3-7; 7:6-7,13 | Same Greek root as “exhort” (buzdítani, Low) and the “entreat” sense at 5:20 (kér-); three distinct Hungarian words needed for one Greek root family — check per occurrence. |
| affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | nyomorúság | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:4,8; 4:8-9,17; 6:4; 7:5; 8:2 | Distinguish from general szenvedés (suffering) where the text specifies concrete, pressing distress. |
| mercy | οἰκτιρμός (oiktirmos) | irgalom | Medium | 1:3 | Keep distinct from kegyelem (grace) — mercy toward the suffering vs. favor toward the guilty. | |
| seal | σφραγίζω (sphragizō) | elpecsétel | Medium | 1:22 | ||
| guarantee / pledge (Spirit as down payment) | ἀρραβών (arrabōn) | zálog | Medium-High | Adoption (baseline)-adjacent | 1:22; 5:5 | Present, genuine installment of future inheritance, not a mere symbol. |
| sincerity / simplicity | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια (haplotēs / eilikrineia) | egyszerűség / tisztaság / őszinteség | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 2:17; 11:3 | Anchor vocabulary for this doctrine. |
| conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | lelkiismeret | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 4:2; 5:11 | Must not be flattened to “opinion” or “feeling.” |
| forgive / forgiveness | χαρίζομαι (charizomai) | megbocsát / megbocsátás | Medium | 2:7,10 | Untranslatable pun: shares Greek root with charis (grace) not reproduced in Hungarian; flag for translator awareness only. | |
| triumphal procession | θριαμβεύω (thriambeuō) | diadalmenet(ben vezet) | Medium | 2:14 | Roman military image; brief cultural note recommended. | |
| fragrance / aroma [of Christ] | ὀσμή / εὐωδία (osmē / euōdia) | jó illat / Krisztus illata | Medium | 2:14-16 | ||
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | új szövetség | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6,14 | Reformed federal-theology systematic home not shared by Catholic tradition; translate Paul’s own letter/Spirit contrast, not the full covenant-theology system. |
| letter [of the law] | γράμμα (gramma) | betű | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | ”The letter kills, the Spirit gives life” — do not read as blanket dismissal of the law’s goodness (cf. Romans 7:12). |
| veil | κάλυμμα (kalymma) | lepel | Medium | 3:13-16 | ||
| transformed / metamorphosed | μεταμορφόω (metamorphoō) | elváltozunk / átalakulunk | High | Sanctification (baseline)-adjacent | 3:18 | Spirit-driven, progressive Christlikeness; do not import Reformed third-use-of-law or Catholic sacramental-penitential frameworks wholesale. |
| minister / servant | διάκονος (diakonos) | szolga | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:6; 6:4; 11:15,23 | Distinguish from later technical “deacon” office sense. |
| treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | kincs cserépedényben | Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:7 | |
| outer man / inner man | ὁ ἔξω / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | külső ember / belső ember | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:16 | Not a body-soul dualism; both belong to the whole person. |
| earthly tent [body] | σκῆνος (skēnos) | sátorház | Medium-High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:1-4 | Preserve bodily-resurrection continuity, not disembodied “escape.” |
| beside ourselves / sober-minded | ἐξέστημεν / σωφρονοῦμεν | bolondultunk / eszünknél vagyunk | Medium-High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:13 | Not a proof-text for normative ecstatic experience; sensitive to Hungary’s smaller Pentecostal/Charismatic communities. |
| love of Christ compels | ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ συνέχει ἡμᾶς | Krisztus szeretete szorongat minket | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:14 | |
| love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | szeretet | Medium | Trinitarian benediction | 5:14; 13:11,13 | Standard, low-ambiguity Hungarian term; included for load-bearing benediction consistency. |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω (presbeuō) | követ | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority; Genuine versus False Apostleship | 5:20 | Authorized representation, not self-appointed spokesmanship. |
| not counting/imputing [trespasses] | μὴ λογιζόμενος (mē logizomenos) | nem tulajdonítja / nem számítja be | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Same forensic-accounting verb root as Romans 4:3’s imputed righteousness; negative counterpart, must match that rigor. |
| trespass | παράπτωμα (paraptōma) | bűnök / elesések | Medium | 5:19 | ||
| word of reconciliation | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | a megbékülés igéje | High | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Specific proclaimed content, not generic goodwill message. |
| workers together [with God] | συνεργέω (synergeō) | együttmunkálkodunk | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 6:1 | Cooperation in proclamation, not in the accomplishment of salvation itself — flag against grace/election fault line. |
| acceptable time | καιρὸς δεκτός (kairos dektos) | kellemetes idő | Medium | 6:2 | Paired with “az üdvösség napja” (day of salvation). | |
| blameless [ministry] | ἀπρόσκοπος (aproskopos) | kifogástalan szolgálat | Low | 6:3 | ||
| purity | ἁγνότης (hagnotēs) | tisztaság | Medium | 6:6; 7:11; 11:2 | ||
| temple of God | ναὸς θεοῦ (naos theou) | Isten temploma | High | Reconciliation with God; Church (baseline)-adjacent | 6:16 | Corporate sense; not an individualistic self-help reading. |
| unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω (heterozygeō) | felemás igában [lenni] | Medium | 6:14 | ||
| Beliar | Βελίαρ (Beliar) | Béliál | Low | 6:15 | Proper noun. | |
| godly sorrow | λύπη κατὰ θεόν (lypē kata theon) | Isten szerinti szomorúság | Critical | 7:9-10 | Leads to “repentance” — see next entry. | |
| repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | megtérés | Critical | 7:9-10 | Collides with Catholic Sacrament of Penance (gyónás) vs. Reformed non-sacramental, direct repentance; translate Paul’s pastoral argument, not either tradition’s practice. | |
| zeal / jealousy (godly) | ζῆλος (zēlos) | buzgóság / féltő szeretet | Medium | 7:7,11; 11:2 | ||
| equality | ἰσότης (isotēs) | egyenlőség | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | Guard against over-reading into modern economic-justice frameworks. |
| cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸς δότης (hilaros dotēs) | jókedvű adakozó | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | |
| sow / reap | σπείρω / θερίζω | vet / arat | Low | 9:6 | ||
| weapons [spiritual] | ὅπλα (hopla) | fegyverek | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:4 | |
| strongholds | ὀχύρωμα (ochyrōma) | erősségek | Medium | 10:4 | ||
| meekness and gentleness of Christ | πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια | Krisztus szelídsége és kedvessége | Low-Medium | 10:1 | ||
| boasting | καύχησις / καύχημα / καυχάομαι | dicsekedés | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority; Power in Weakness | 1:12; 10:8,17; 11:16-30; 12:1,5,9 | Must remain lexically distinct from dicsőség (glory, God’s alone). |
| super-apostles (ironic) | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι (hyperlian apostoloi) | fő-fő apostolok | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | Ironic designation; must not read as Paul’s sincere praise. |
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι (pseudapostoloi) | hamis apostolok | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | |
| angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός | világosság angyala | Medium | 11:14 | ||
| pure virgin [church imagery] | παρθένος ἁγνή (parthenos hagnē) | tiszta szűz | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:2 | Culture-specific risk: strong Marian association (“Szűz Mária”) for Catholic-formed Hungarian readers; note the referent is the whole church, not Mary. |
| visions and revelations | ἀποκαλύψεις (apokalypseis) | kijelentések | Medium | 12:1 | ||
| paradise | παράδεισος (paradeisos) | Paradicsom | Medium | 12:4 | Do not over-systematize into a full intermediate-state doctrine. | |
| caught up | ἁρπάζω (harpazō) | elragadtatott | Medium | 12:2,4 | Guard against dispensationalist “rapture” association absent from the text. | |
| thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (skolops tē sarki) | szálka a testben | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | Identity of the affliction genuinely debated; translate the image without resolving the debate. |
| messenger of Satan | ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ | Sátán angyala | Medium | 12:7 | ||
| my grace is sufficient / power perfected in weakness | ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου / ἡ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται | Elég néked az én kegyelmem; mert az én erőm erőtlenség által végeztetik el | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12:9 | Anchor verse; keep verbatim-consistent across all curriculum documents. Do not soften into generic resilience-encouragement. |
| weakness | ἀσθένεια (astheneia) | erőtlenség | High | Power in Weakness | 4:7 (implicit); 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4 | Prefer established erőtlenség over generic gyengeség at anchor verses. |
| signs of a [true] apostle | σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | az apostolság jelei | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 12:12 | |
| examine / test yourselves | ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε | vizsgáljátok meg magatokat | Medium | 13:5 | Resonance (not collision) with Catholic examination-of-conscience practice; text’s own point is primary. | |
| Christ in you | Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν | Krisztus bennetek | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 13:5 | Full force required; not merely moral/symbolic presence. |
| restored / made complete | καταρτίζεσθε (katartizesthe) | épüljetek fel / legyetek tökéletesek | Medium | 13:9,11 | ||
| holy kiss | ἅγιον φίλημα (hagion philēma) | szent csók | Low | 13:12 | Translate literally with cultural note; do not substitute modern greeting. | |
| Trinitarian benediction | (13:13 full formula) | A mi Urunk Jézus Krisztus kegyelme, az Isten szeretete és a Szentlélek közössége legyen mindnyájatokkal! | Critical (consistency) | Reconciliation with God (Trinitarian ground) | 13:13 | Must be rendered identically, verbatim, in every curriculum document per baseline’s cross-document consistency principle. |
Risk Summary (2 Corinthians Additions)
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 10 | Human theologian |
| High | 15 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 27 | Native speaker |
| Low | 5 | Automated |
Critical new terms requiring theologian review at every occurrence: new creation (új teremtés); reconciliation/reconcile (megbékülés/megbékít); ministry-of-reconciliation-adjacent imputation language (nem tulajdonítja/nem számítja be); made [him] sin (bűnné tette); died for all (mindenkiért meghalt); new covenant (új szövetség); godly sorrow / repentance (Isten szerinti szomorúság / megtérés); my grace is sufficient / power in weakness (12:9 anchor verse); Christ in you (Krisztus bennetek); Trinitarian benediction (13:13, consistency requirement).
This glossary supplements, and must be loaded alongside, the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for all Phase 2 2 Corinthians segment translation.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Corinthians repeatedly names God as the acting subject of reconciliation (5:18-19) and comfort (1:3); no deviation permitted.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. No variant-form risk.
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds apostolic accountability at 5:11 (‘az Úr félelme’) and the Trinitarian benediction at 13:13. Must retain exclusive, supreme lordship force; never substitute a Tetragrammaton-based rendering (cf. NWT practice flagged in 05_translation_landscape.md).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: szent szellem (Jehova Tanúi Új világ fordítás terminológiája, elutasítva)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must remain personal and divine even when contrasted with ‘the letter’ (3:6) and referenced as the guarantee/pledge (1:22; 5:5). Never render as ‘szent szellem’ or an impersonal life-force.
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving; Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: adakozás (purely financial substitution, rejected at 8:1,6-7,9,19; 9:8,14)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER substitute a purely financial term (e.g., adakozás) for kegyelem in the collection passages — this severs Paul’s deliberate link between generosity and the grace argued in Romans 3-5/11:5-6. NEVER resolve the grace-in-weakness paradox at 12:9 toward either a Tridentine (merit-cooperative) or strict-monergistic reading.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: igazság
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness and the Great Exchange
Rejected alternatives: igazságosság (moral-quality/infused reading, rejected at 5:21 per Catholic SZIT pattern documented in 05_translation_landscape.md)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 5:21’s ‘Isten igazsága’ is Paul’s clearest statement of this doctrine outside Romans 4; must be paired with ‘igazság,’ never ‘igazságosság,’ to avoid tilting toward the Tridentine infused-righteousness reading.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 6:2 (‘most van a kellemetes idő, most van az üdvösség napja’) and 7:10 (tied to repentance) intensify the baseline’s Reformed-assurance vs. Catholic-ongoing-uncertainty tension by linking salvation to a single urgent moment and to repentance; do not soften either passage’s urgency.
Covenant
Approved rendering: szövetség
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, elevated to Critical for this book (matching the baseline TM tier) because 2 Corinthians 3 is the passage in which Paul’s own letter/Spirit contrast most directly intersects Hungarian Reformed federal theology’s covenant-of-works/covenant-of-grace system.
Sin
Approved rendering: bűn
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness and the Great Exchange
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Medium); elevated to Critical specifically for 5:21’s deliberate double use within one verse — Christ ‘knew no bűn’ yet was ‘made bűn.’ This paradox must be preserved intact, not smoothed into a single flattened sense.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: feltámadás
Transliteration: anastasis / egeirō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Ground of present hope amid affliction (4:14) and of the reoriented life ‘no longer for ourselves’ (5:15).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: beszámított igazság
Transliteration: logizomai (cf. Rom 4:3 elogisthē)
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness and the Great Exchange
Original: λογίζομαι (cf. Rom 4:3 ἐλογίσθη)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 5:19,21 together give Paul’s fullest single statement of imputation outside Romans 4 and must be translated with matching rigor — see not_imputing_trespasses and made_him_sin below.
New Creation
Approved rendering: új teremtés
Transliteration: kainē ktisis
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: újjászületés (pulls toward John 3 new-birth vocabulary and a fully worked-out monergistic-regeneration doctrine), megújulás (undersells the decisive, once-for-all force of the indicative and risks reading as gradual self-improvement), ‘mintha új ember volna’ (EFO-pattern simile that converts Paul’s ontological indicative into a mere comparison — must never be echoed)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:17). Anchor term for ‘New Creation in Christ.’ Reformed monergistic-regeneration reading vs. Catholic baptismal-regeneration reading; translate Paul’s flat indicative claim without adopting either mechanism. Preserve the indicative grammar; never render with ‘mintha’ (as if).
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: megbékülés / megbékít
Transliteration: katallagē / katallassō
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: kiengesztelődés (anchors the named Catholic sacrament ‘a kiengesztelődés szentsége,’ commonly gyónás — fenced out entirely), kibékülés (too colloquial/interpersonal, underweights the cosmic, God-initiated scope), engesztelés (fenced out; sacramental-adjacent register)
Original: καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:18-20). The single highest-collision-risk term in this Language Package extension. Use megbékülés/megbékít, never kiengesztelődés; accompany every occurrence with a note distinguishing Paul’s once-for-all, God-initiated act from any repeated ritual practice.
Not Imputing Trespasses
Approved rendering: nem tulajdonítja / nem számítja be
Transliteration: mē logizomenos
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness and the Great Exchange
Rejected alternatives: nem tartva számon (RUF pattern, weaker accounting connotation), nem rója fel (EFO pattern, weaker accounting connotation)
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος
Category: Reconciliation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:19). Uses the identical forensic-accounting verb root behind Romans 4:3’s imputed righteousness (baseline Critical). Must preserve the legal/accounting sense exactly as preserved for beszámított igazság.
Made Him Sin
Approved rendering: bűnné tette
Transliteration: hamartian epoiēsen
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness and the Great Exchange
Rejected alternatives: ‘szenvedett a bűn miatt’ (loses the imputation, reduces to mere suffering-on-account-of-sin), ‘bűneink hordozójává tette’ (EFO pattern; softens the shocking exchange into a more familiar sin-bearing image), any phrasing implying Christ’s own nature became sinful (rejected Christological error)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Reconciliation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:21). The single highest-stakes phrase in the letter. Must not be softened nor imply an ontological change in Christ’s nature. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Died For All
Approved rendering: egy meghalt mindenkiért / mindenkiért meghalt
Transliteration: heis hyper pantōn apethanen
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: any rendering inserting an implicit qualifier narrowing ‘mindenkiért’ (rejected — would resolve the particular/universal extent-of-atonement debate in the Reformed-particularist direction), any rendering adding universalist language beyond the text (rejected — would resolve the debate in the opposite direction)
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Reconciliation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:14-15). Sits directly on the extent-of-the-atonement fault line between Hungarian Reformed particular-efficacy teaching and Catholic/popular universal-scope reading. Preserve Paul’s own ‘all…all’ rhetorical parallelism without resolving the debate.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: új szövetség
Transliteration: kainē diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New term (3:6,14). Anchor term. Hungarian Reformed federal theology (szövetségi teológia) gives this a fully developed systematic home that Catholic tradition does not share in the same technical form; translate Paul’s own letter/Spirit contrast without assuming either community’s complete system as background.
Godly Sorrow
Approved rendering: Isten szerinti szomorúság
Transliteration: lypē kata theon
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Sanctification
New term (7:9-10). Leads directly into repentance; sits on a fault line comparable to justification/election given the two traditions’ divergent practices of repentance.
Repentance
Approved rendering: megtérés
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: gyónás (fenced out entirely — names the actual Catholic sacramental rite of Penance/Confession), bűnbánat (retained only as a supporting near-synonym, not a substitute for megtérés)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Sanctification
New term (7:9-10). Collides with the Catholic Sacrament of Penance (gyónás) versus Reformed continual, non-sacramental repentance. Translate Paul’s pastoral argument without assuming either tradition’s developed practice as the text’s necessary referent.
Grace Sufficient Power In Weakness
Approved rendering: Elég néked az én kegyelmem; mert az én erőm erőtlenség által végeztetik el
Transliteration: arkei hē charis mou / hē dynamis mou en astheneia teleioutai
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: ‘Elég neked a kegyelmem, mert az erőm éppen akkor mutatkozik meg igazán, amikor gyenge vagy’ (EFO pattern; resilience-coaching tone, too generic), any Word-of-Faith reframing implying the thorn should be ‘claimed away’ — rejected
Original: ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου / ἡ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται
Category: Power in Weakness
New term (12:9). Anchor verse; use this exact Károli-tradition wording verbatim across every curriculum document. The paradox — power perfected precisely IN weakness, not despite it or after it ends — must never be softened.
Christ In You
Approved rendering: Krisztus bennetek
Transliteration: Christos en hymin
Doctrine: Union with Christ and His Indwelling Presence
Original: Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: New Creation
New term (13:5). Foundational assurance-of-genuine-faith claim; must be rendered with full force, not diluted into moral/symbolic presence, nor conflated with Eucharistic real-presence categories.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: A mi Urunk Jézus Krisztus kegyelme, az Isten szeretete és a Szentlélek közössége legyen mindnyájatokkal!
Transliteration: hē charis tou Kyriou Iēsou Christou, kai hē agapē tou theou, kai hē koinōnia tou hagiou Pneumatos
Doctrine: Trinitarian Benediction Consistency
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
New term (13:13). Per the baseline’s cross-document consistency principle (cf. Romans 8:28; 10:9-10), this benediction must be rendered identically, verbatim, in every curriculum document that quotes it. Zero permitted variation.
High Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Mercy and Comfort of God in Affliction
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Paired here with ‘irgalom’ (mercies) at 1:3 and 6:18; keep distinct from any impersonal source-of-comfort rendering.
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Basis of ‘we walk by faith’ (5:7) and self-examination (13:5).
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangélium
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Described in 2 Corinthians as capable of being ‘veiled’ to unbelievers (4:3-4) and as the content of the ministry of reconciliation (5:18-19).
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Low); risk elevated to High for this book because the root term becomes the site of dispute between Paul and rival teachers (11:5,13; 12:11-12). Root rendering itself unchanged.
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Recipients of the Jerusalem collection (8:4; 9:1,12) and greeted alongside the letter’s addressees (1:1; 13:12). Retain the baseline’s corporate, all-believers clarification note at every occurrence.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: megszentelődés
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Transformation by the Spirit (Sanctification)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 7:1 links ‘perfecting’ this process to reverent fear; ties to 3:18’s ‘transformed’ language. Keep distinct from the Reformed third-use-of-the-law and Catholic sacramental-penitential frameworks.
Law
Approved rendering: törvény
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit background to ‘the letter’ (γράμμα) at 3:6-7; do not let this verse be read as a blanket dismissal of the law’s goodness (cf. baseline Romans 7:12 note).
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: a megbékülés szolgálata
Transliteration: diakonia tēs katallagēs
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:18). Stewardship of an announcement, not a mediating priestly function performed on behalf of the reconciled — a distinction with direct relevance given Hungarian Catholic priestly-absolution practice.
Word Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: a megbékülés igéje
Transliteration: logos tēs katallagēs
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
New term (2 Corinthians 5:19). Parallel to the baseline’s obedience_of_faith (High): a specific proclaimed content, not a generic goodwill message.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztus ítélőszéke
Transliteration: bēma tou Christou
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ and Recompense
Rejected alternatives: ‘béma’ (transliteration; opaque to Hungarian readers without extensive footnoting)
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term (2 Corinthians 5:10). Intersects Catholic particular-judgment/purification categories and Reformed no-condemnation assurance doctrine (baseline assurance_of_salvation, Critical); translate the recompense claim without importing either system.
Conscience
Approved rendering: lelkiismeret
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: ‘vélemény’ / ‘érzés’ (opinion/feeling — rejected, flattens moral accountability into subjective preference)
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2 Corinthians 1:12; 4:2; 5:11). Foundational to Sincerity and Apostolic Authority; must not be flattened to opinion or feeling.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: egyszerűség / tisztaság / őszinteség
Transliteration: haplotēs / eilikrineia
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2 Corinthians 1:12; 2:17; 11:3). Anchor vocabulary. No single Hungarian word carries the full ‘motive-level, God-facing integrity’ sense; select per occurrence based on context and document the choice made.
Boasting
Approved rendering: dicsekedés
Transliteration: kauchēsis / kauchēma / kauchaomai
Doctrine: Boasting versus the Glory of God
Rejected alternatives: büszkeség (excluded entirely from theological vocabulary in this letter — drifts toward neutral/positive secular ‘pride’ with no built-in irony)
Original: καύχησις / καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (1:12; 10:8,17; 11:16-30; 12:1,5,9). Must remain lexically distinct from dicsőség (glory, God’s alone) so human boasting, even Paul’s own ironic ‘foolish’ boasting, is never confused with divine glory.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: követ
Transliteration: presbeuō
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2 Corinthians 5:20). Must convey authorized representation of Christ’s own message, not self-appointed spokesmanship.
Comfort
Approved rendering: vigasz / vigasztalás / megvigasztal
Transliteration: paraklēsis / parakaleō
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις / παρακαλέω
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term (1:3-7; 7:6-7,13). Must not be collapsed into ‘exhort’ (buzdítani, baseline Low) nor ‘entreat’ (kér- forms at 5:20). One Greek root yields three distinct Hungarian words across this letter; check consistency per occurrence.
Guarantee Pledge
Approved rendering: zálog
Transliteration: arrabōn
Doctrine: The Spirit as Guarantee of the Inheritance
Rejected alternatives: ‘jel’ (sign) — rejected, dilutes a genuine present installment into a mere symbolic token
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
New term (1:22; 5:5). Ties to the baseline adoption doctrine (inheritance rights, Medium). Must convey a genuine, present installment of the future inheritance, not a mere symbol.
Letter Of The Law
Approved rendering: betű
Transliteration: gramma
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα
Category: Covenant
New term (3:6, ‘a betű megöl, a Lélek megelevenít’). Must not be read as a blanket dismissal of the Old Testament law’s goodness (cf. baseline Romans 7:12 note); note the idiom’s independent cultural life in Hungarian (‘legalism is deadening’) and keep Paul’s covenantal argument primary.
Transformed
Approved rendering: elváltozunk / átalakulunk
Transliteration: metamorphoō
Doctrine: Transformation by the Spirit (Sanctification)
Rejected alternatives: ‘mintha’ constructions or ‘egyre inkább olyanok leszünk, mint Krisztus’ (EFO-style oversimplification risking a moral-self-improvement reading)
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Sanctification
New term (3:18). Connects directly to baseline sanctification/megszentelődés (High); ground the transformation in beholding Christ’s glory by the Spirit, not either tradition’s mechanism.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: sátorház
Transliteration: skēnos
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: disembodied ‘escape from the body’ framing (rejected — neither Catholic nor Reformed Hungarian tradition holds this, but a live risk in loose paraphrase)
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Eschatology
New term (5:1-4). Must preserve bodily-continuity/resurrection hope; pair with a brief gloss (‘ideiglenes hajlék’) at first occurrence since sátorház is a rare compound.
Ecstasy And Sober Mindedness
Approved rendering: bolondultunk / eszünknél vagyunk
Transliteration: existēmi / sōphroneō
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἐξίστημι / σωφρονέω
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (5:13). Paul’s rhetorical self-defense; must be handled carefully given Hungary’s smaller Pentecostal/Charismatic communities. Not a proof-text for normative ecstatic experience.
According To The Flesh
Approved rendering: test szerint
Transliteration: kata sarka
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (5:16). A merely human, external way of evaluating people, distinct from Romans’ ‘sinful nature’ sense and from the ‘physical descent’ sense of Romans 1:3’s seed of David. Do not conflate with the incarnation doctrine (baseline High).
In Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztusban
Transliteration: en Christō
Doctrine: Union with Christ and His Indwelling Presence
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Christology
New term for this package (5:17), reusing the baseline christian_identity_in_christ doctrine (High). Identity grounded in union with Christ, not confessional (Catholic/Reformed) identity.
Workers Together
Approved rendering: együttmunkálkodunk
Transliteration: synergeō
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνεργέω
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (6:1). Sits close to the synergism-versus-monergism fault line documented for baseline grace and election; describes human ministers cooperating in proclamation, not human cooperation in the accomplishment of salvation itself.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: Isten temploma
Transliteration: naos theou
Doctrine: Church as the Temple of God
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term (6:16). Must be read corporately (the gathered church) and not reduced to an individualistic self-help reading, nor confused with a physical church building — a real risk since ‘templom’ primarily evokes a literal building in Hungarian.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: fő-fő apostolok
Transliteration: hyperlian apostoloi
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (11:5; 12:11). Ironic designation of rival teachers; the irony must be preserved with a standing translator/teaching note, since Hungarian has no native compounding pattern that automatically signals irony the way English quotation marks do.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: hamis apostolok
Transliteration: pseudapostoloi
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (11:13). Reuses baseline apostol as its root; the compound is new and carries High risk because it establishes criteria for discerning authentic gospel ministry generally.
Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: tiszta szűz
Transliteration: parthenos hagnē
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: szeplőtelen szűz (Károli’s own historic wording — rejected because it directly collides with the Catholic Marian title ‘Szeplőtelen Fogantatás’/‘Szeplőtelen Szűz’)
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Church
New term (11:2). Culture-specific risk: szűz carries a strong, near-automatic Marian association in Hungarian Catholic devotional culture. Note the referent is the whole church as Christ’s betrothed people, not Mary.
Weakness
Approved rendering: erőtlenség
Transliteration: astheneia
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: gyengeség (generic; reserve only for genuinely non-anchor, non-theological uses, if any arise), tehetetlenség (helplessness — excluded entirely, overstates passivity beyond the text)
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
New term (4:7 implicit; 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4). Prefer erőtlenség over gyengeség at anchor verses to match the historic Károli-tradition weight already attached to 12:9.
Signs Of Apostle
Approved rendering: az apostolság jelei
Transliteration: sēmeia tou apostolou
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (12:12). Must not be read as endorsing a sign-seeking framework the text presents as a concession to the Corinthians’ immaturity (12:11).
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Church as the Temple of God
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Goal of ‘perfecting holiness in the fear of God’ (7:1).
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Boasting versus the Glory of God
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept lexically distinct from ‘boasting’ (dicsekedés) throughout this letter — glory belongs to God/Christ alone.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Isten ereje
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. At 12:9 rendered contextually as ‘erőm’ (‘my power,’ i.e., Christ’s power in Paul) within the fixed anchor-verse phrasing — see grace_sufficient_power_in_weakness.
Church
Approved rendering: egyház
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as the Temple of God
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressee of the letter (1:1) and the network of churches in the collection (8:1,18-24; 11:8,28).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: közösség
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Low); risk elevated to Medium in this book because 8:4/9:13’s concrete financial-partnership sense must remain recoverable, not lost in an overly abstract rendering. Also appears in the Trinitarian benediction (13:13).
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: az Úr félelme
Transliteration: phobos tou Kyriou
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: mere ‘tisztelet’ (respect) — rejected, too soft
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2 Corinthians 5:11). Reverent accountability before Christ’s coming judgment, grounding apostolic integrity; not servile terror nor casual respect.
Self Commendation
Approved rendering: ajánlani / önmagunkat ajánlani
Transliteration: synistanō
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: συνιστάνω
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2 Corinthians 5:12; 10:12,18). Must not be rendered so as to make Paul appear to be doing exactly what he denies doing.
Affliction
Approved rendering: nyomorúság
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term (1:4,8; 4:8-9,17; 6:4; 7:5; 8:2). Distinguish from the more general szenvedés (suffering) where the text specifies concrete, pressing distress.
Mercy
Approved rendering: irgalom
Transliteration: oiktirmos
Doctrine: Mercy and Comfort of God in Affliction
Original: οἰκτιρμός
Category: God
New term (1:3, ‘the Father of mercies’). Must be kept distinct from kegyelem (grace) — mercy is compassion toward the suffering/needy, grace is unmerited favor toward the guilty.
Seal
Approved rendering: elpecsétel
Transliteration: sphragizō
Doctrine: The Spirit as Guarantee of the Inheritance
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Sanctification
New term (1:22). God’s mark of ownership and authentication on believers.
Forgive
Approved rendering: megbocsát / megbocsátás
Transliteration: charizomai
Doctrine: Mercy and Comfort of God in Affliction
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Sin
New term (2:7,10). Shares its Greek root with charis (grace), a wordplay not reproducible in Hungarian since megbocsát does not visibly share a root with kegyelem; flag for translator awareness only, not a doctrinal collision.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: diadalmenetben vezet / diadalmenet
Transliteration: thriambeuō
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2:14). Roman military-imperial image with no native Hungarian cultural equivalent; retain literal rendering with a brief historical-cultural note.
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: jó illat / Krisztus illata
Transliteration: osmē / euōdia
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ὀσμή / εὐωδία
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (2:14-16). Standard sensory metaphor; low ambiguity risk.
Veil
Approved rendering: lepel
Transliteration: kalymma
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
New term (3:13-16). The veil over Moses’ face and, figuratively, over unbelieving minds.
Minister Servant
Approved rendering: szolga
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: διάκονος
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (3:6; 6:4; 11:15,23). Paul’s recurring self-designation; distinguish from any later, more technical ecclesiastical ‘deacon’ office sense.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: kincs cserépedényben
Transliteration: thēsauron en ostrakinois skeuesin
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term (4:7). The letter’s first statement of the Power in Weakness doctrine.
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: külső ember / belső ember
Transliteration: ho exō anthrōpos / ho esō anthrōpos
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term (4:16). Must not be read through a Platonic body-soul dualism; both belong to the whole person renewed by the Spirit.
Love Of Christ Compels
Approved rendering: Krisztus szeretete szorongat minket
Transliteration: hē agapē tou Christou synechei hēmas
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ συνέχει ἡμᾶς
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term (5:14). Established Károli-tradition phrase; low ambiguity.
Love
Approved rendering: szeretet
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Trinitarian Benediction Consistency
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
New term for this package (5:14; 13:11,13). Standard, lexically stable term; included for load-bearing benediction consistency.
Old And New Things
Approved rendering: a régi elmúlt, ímé az új eljött
Transliteration: ta archaia parēlthen, idou gegonen kaina
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν, ἰδοὺ γέγονεν καινά
Category: New Creation
New term (5:17). Must not be softened into gradual improvement only; asserts a decisive, accomplished change.
Acceptable Time
Approved rendering: kellemetes idő
Transliteration: kairos dektos
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: καιρὸς δεκτός
Category: Salvation
New term (6:2), quoting Isaiah 49:8, paired with ‘az üdvösség napja’ (day of salvation). Do not soften the urgency of ‘most.‘
Purity
Approved rendering: tisztaság
Transliteration: hagnotēs
Doctrine: Church as the Temple of God
Original: ἁγνότης
Category: Sanctification
New term (6:6; 7:11; 11:2). Moral purity as a mark of genuine ministry.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: felemás igában [lenni]
Transliteration: heterozygeō
Doctrine: Church as the Temple of God
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Church
New term (6:14). Established Károli-tradition phrase; the agricultural image is recoverable in Hungarian rural culture.
Zeal Jealousy
Approved rendering: buzgóság / féltő szeretet
Transliteration: zēlos
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: ζῆλος
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term (7:7,11; 11:2). Protective zeal — the Corinthians’ zeal for Paul and God’s own protective jealousy for the church.
Equality
Approved rendering: egyenlőség
Transliteration: isotēs
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Generosity and Giving
New term (8:13-14). Guard against over-reading into modern economic-justice frameworks not native to Paul’s pastoral argument.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: jókedvű adakozó
Transliteration: hilaros dotēs
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Generosity and Giving
New term (9:7). Established rendering; do not import a Word-of-Faith ‘seed-faith’ guaranteed-return framing (see 05_translation_landscape.md Section 4.2).
Weapons Spiritual
Approved rendering: fegyverek
Transliteration: hopla
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὅπλα
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (10:4). Spiritual, not worldly, weapons for apostolic warfare against false teaching.
Strongholds
Approved rendering: erősségek
Transliteration: ochyrōma
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὀχύρωμα
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (10:4-5). Proud arguments and reasonings raised against the knowledge of God.
Meekness Gentleness Of Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztus szelídsége és kedvessége
Transliteration: prautēs kai epieikeia Christou
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια Χριστοῦ
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (10:1). Standard vocabulary; low doctrinal ambiguity.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: világosság angyala
Transliteration: angelos phōtos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Discernment
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (11:14). Satan’s disguise; standard imagery.
Visions Revelations
Approved rendering: kijelentések
Transliteration: apokalypseis
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀποκαλύψεις
Category: Eschatology
New term (12:1). Standard term; moderate risk of over-systematization beyond the text’s own brevity.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Paradicsom
Transliteration: paradeisos
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
New term (12:4). Do not over-systematize into a full intermediate-state doctrine on which Catholic and Reformed traditions differ; translate without elaboration beyond the text.
Caught Up
Approved rendering: elragadtatott
Transliteration: harpazō
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Eschatology
New term (12:2,4). Guard against unintended association with dispensationalist ‘rapture’ end-times doctrine; this describes a past visionary experience, not an end-times event.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: szálka a testben
Transliteration: skolops tē sarki
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: any footnote naming a specific identification (illness, opponent, temptation) — rejected per baseline ambiguity-handling principle
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
New term (12:7). Identity of the affliction genuinely debated; translate the image without resolving the debate. Do not import Word-of-Faith ‘claim it away’ framing.
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: Sátán angyala
Transliteration: angelos Satana
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Discernment
Original: ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (12:7). Standard imagery paired with thorn_in_the_flesh.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: vizsgáljátok meg magatokat
Transliteration: heautous peirazete / dokimazete
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ and Recompense
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε
Category: Sanctification
New term (13:5). Resonates with, but is not identical to, Catholic examination-of-conscience practice; text’s own point (testing for Christ’s genuine presence) should remain primary.
Restored Complete
Approved rendering: épüljetek fel / legyetek tökéletesek
Transliteration: katartizesthe
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: καταρτίζεσθε
Category: Sanctification
New term (13:9,11). Standard exhortation vocabulary.
Trespass
Approved rendering: bűnök / elesések
Transliteration: paraptōma
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness and the Great Exchange
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
New term (5:19). Sin viewed as a lapse or transgression; kept distinct in nuance from the broader root bűn where the text specifies a particular lapse.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 9:5 (urging the brothers regarding the collection). Distinct from the same root’s ‘comfort’ sense (vigasz) and ‘entreat’ sense (kér-) used elsewhere in this letter.
Blameless Ministry
Approved rendering: kifogástalan szolgálat
Transliteration: aproskopos
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἀπρόσκοπος
Category: Ministry and Apostleship
New term (6:3). Standard, low-ambiguity term.
Beliar
Approved rendering: Béliál
Transliteration: Beliar
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Discernment
Original: Βελίαρ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (6:15). Proper noun; standard transliteration.
Sow Reap
Approved rendering: vet / arat
Transliteration: speirō / therizō
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Generosity and Giving
New term (9:6). Standard agricultural metaphor for giving and its harvest.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: szent csók
Transliteration: hagion philēma
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: substitution with a modern greeting equivalent — rejected, preserve the text’s own instruction
Original: ἅγιον φίλημα
Category: Church
New term (13:12). The greeting custom itself is foreign to contemporary Hungarian social practice; translate literally with a brief cultural note.
Referenced passages