Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude — Hungarian Destination Language
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every verse of Jude (1:1–25). Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and must be used exactly as recorded there; no alternative rendering is permitted for these regardless of Jude-specific context. New terms unique to this curriculum are proposed here for addition to translation memory, with risk tiers assigned using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No New Decision Required)
| Term (EN) | Original Greek | Hungarian Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Verses in Jude | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lord | κύριος | Úr | Critical | 1:4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 25 | Reused exactly; distinct from δεσπότης (v.4), which requires a separate Hungarian term — see Part B |
| faith | πίστις | hit | High | 1:3, 20 | Reused exactly; note Jude’s objective “deposit of doctrine” sense (fides quae) vs. Romans’ more subjective trust sense — flag for teaching notes, not a different rendering |
| grace | χάρις | kegyelem | Critical | 1:4 | Reused exactly; this verse (grace perverted into license) directly triggers the baseline’s existing grace-license forbidden-substitution validation rule |
| saints | ἅγιοι | szentek | High | 1:3 | Reused exactly; all-believers corporate sense, per baseline Sainthood doctrine note |
| called/calling | κλητός | elhívott / elhívottak | High | 1:1 | Reused exactly |
| peace | εἰρήνη | béke | Medium | 1:2 | Reused exactly |
| salvation | σωτηρία | üdvösség | Critical | 1:3 | Reused exactly; also root for new term “Üdvözítő” (Savior), see Part B |
| glory | δόξα | dicsőség | Medium (baseline “God” category)/High (Christological uses) | 1:8 (δόξας, plural, distinct sense — see Part B), 24, 25 | Reused exactly for the abstract “glory” sense (vv. 24-25); v. 8’s plural δόξας (“glorious ones/dignitaries”) is a distinct sense requiring its own entry — see Part B |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostol / apostolok | Low | 1:17 | Reused exactly |
| sin / sinners | ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλοί | bűn / bűnösök | Medium | 1:15 | Root reused exactly |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Szentlélek | Critical | 1:20 | Reused exactly; contrast with v. 19’s anarthrous, negated πνεῦμα — see Part B |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jézus | Critical | throughout | Reused exactly |
| Christ | Χριστός | Krisztus | Critical | throughout | Reused exactly |
| Moses | Μωυσῆς | Mózes | (proper name standard) | 1:9 | Reused exactly per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md proper-name list |
| Amen | ἀμήν | Ámen | Low | 1:25 | Reused exactly per established transliteration standard |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | örök élet | Medium | 1:21 | Consistent with baseline eschatological register |
| exhort (root) | παρακαλέω | buzdítani (root) | Low | 1:3 (παρακαλῶν) | Reused exactly |
B. New Terms Introduced by Jude — Proposed for Translation Memory Addition
| Term (EN) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Hungarian Rendering | Doctrine | Risk Tier | Verses | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contend (for the faith) | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | epagōnizesthai | küzdeni/harcolni (a hitért) | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | High | 1:3 | Athletic/agonistic contest-imagery verb; a weak rendering (“hinni,” “tartani”) erases the doctrine’s call to active, effortful defense rather than passive assent |
| once for all delivered | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ | hapax paradotheisē | egyszer s mindenkorra átadott | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Critical | 1:3 | Establishes the apostolic faith as a closed, non-revisable deposit; a merely temporal rendering (“régen átadott”) would leave open the possibility of an evolving revelation, undermining the doctrine central to this whole curriculum |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | irgalom | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:2, 21, 22, 23 | Must be kept lexically distinct from baseline Critical term “kegyelem” (χάρις/grace); conflating the two would erase Jude’s distinct mercy vocabulary and risk theological confusion between God’s forgiving favor (grace) and his compassionate rescue (mercy) |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια | asebeis / asebeia | istentelenek / istentelenség | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:4, 15 (×4), 18 | Central repeated term for the whole doctrine; the fourfold repetition in v. 15 is deliberate rhetorical emphasis and must be preserved consistently, not varied for stylistic reasons |
| Sovereign Master (Despotēs) | δεσπότης | despotēs | Uralkodó | Lordship of Christ (extension); Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Critical | 1:4 | Distinct from κύριος/Úr; used in rhetorical doubling with κύριος to intensify the false teachers’ denial of Christ’s total authority. Collapsing both Greek terms into “Úr” would flatten this emphasis |
| creeping in secretly | παρεισέδυσαν | pareisedysan | belopták magukat / alattomban befurakodtak | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:4 | Must convey covert infiltration, not neutral arrival, to preserve the doctrine’s warning about hidden danger within the church |
| eternal chains | δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις | desmois aïdiois | örök bilincsek | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; Old Testament Warnings as Types | Critical | 1:6 | Rare word ἀΐδιος (not the more common αἰώνιος) stresses truly unending duration; softening to a reformable/temporary imprisonment undermines the finality of the judgment described |
| eternal fire | πῦρ αἰώνιον | pyr aiōnion | örök tűz | Old Testament Warnings as Types; Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Critical | 1:7 | Must not be rendered as a purifying, reformable, or temporary fire (cf. later purgatorial associations in some traditions); this is a fixed and final judgment |
| other/strange flesh | σαρκὸς ἑτέρας | sarkos heteras | idegen test | Old Testament Warnings as Types | High | 1:7 | Genuinely debated phrase (angelic transgression vs. unnatural sexual sin); the literal, non-specific Hungarian rendering should be preserved rather than resolved with an interpretive gloss |
| kept/keep (τηρέω wordplay) | τηρέω (various forms) | tēreō | megtart- / fenntart- (root, tracked across occurrences) | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Critical | 1:1, 6, 13, 21 | Central wordplay of the entire letter — God “keeps” the fallen angels for judgment (v.6) and “keeps” darkness reserved (v.13), even as believers are “kept for Christ” (v.1) and must “keep themselves” (v.21); losing this consistent root in Hungarian flattens Jude’s central theological structure |
| keep from stumbling | φυλάξαι ἀπταίστους | phylaxai aptaistous | megőrizni botlás nélkül | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Critical | 1:24 | Doctrinal capstone of the letter — total, successful divine protection from failure, not partial or uncertain protection |
| blameless | ἄμωμος | amōmos | hibátlan / szeplőtelen | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Critical | 1:24 | Sacrificial-cultic background (unblemished offering) applied to believers’ final state; must retain sacrificial-grade purity sense, not merely “well-behaved” |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Üdvözítő | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power; Salvation (extends baseline) | Critical | 1:25 | New personal title not in baseline (which has only the abstract noun σωτηρία/üdvösség); “Üdvözítő” preserves the üdvösség root for lexical continuity and must be added to translation memory |
| keep yourselves (human responsibility) | ἑαυτοὺς…τηρήσατε | heautous tērēsate | tartsátok meg magatokat | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering; Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Critical | 1:21 | Held in tension with v. 24’s divine “keeping” — this human-responsibility/divine-preservation pairing parallels the same Reformed-monergist/Catholic-synergist fault line the baseline flags for “election” and “calling”; must not be resolved toward either system in translation |
| doubting/wavering ones | διακρινομένους | diakrinomenous | kételkedők / ingadozók | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:22 | Names the specific pastoral category targeted by this doctrine — distinct from the false teachers themselves; precision here prevents conflating the wavering-but-recoverable with the unregenerate false teachers |
| show mercy / textual variant reprove | ἐλεᾶτε (v.l. ἐλέγχετε) | eleate / elegchete | irgalmazzatok (primary); flagged alt. feddjétek meg | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Critical | 1:22 | Genuine, doctrinally significant textual variant affecting the pastoral tone of this verse; requires explicit theologian flag and translator note recording both readings |
| snatched from the fire | ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες | ek pyros harpazontes | kiragadva a tűzből | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:23 | Connects back to v. 7’s judgment fire — rescue from the specific fire already described in the letter, not a generic danger metaphor |
| soulish/natural (not spiritual) | ψυχικοί | psychikoi | test szerint élők / meg nem újult, Lélek nélküli emberek | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Critical | 1:19 | Direct false-friend collision risk with baseline’s positive “lelki” (used for “lelki ajándékok,” spiritual gifts, translating the positive πνευματικός sense). Must NOT use any “lelki-” root here, or the verse will appear to affirm the opposite of Jude’s meaning |
| not having the Spirit | πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες | pneuma mē echontes | nincs bennük a Lélek | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Critical | 1:19 | Diagnostic statement of unregenerate status; must be clearly distinguished from mere absence of vitality/spiritedness |
| hidden reefs / blemishes | σπιλάδες | spilades | szennyfoltok (primary); flagged alt. zátonyok | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:12 | Genuine lexical crux (moral blemish vs. nautical hazard); requires explicit translator note recording the alternative rendering |
| woe | οὐαί | ouai | Jaj nekik! | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:11 | Prophetic-oracle judgment formula; tone must be preserved as a solemn pronouncement, not a mild lament |
| way of Cain / error of Balaam / rebellion of Korah | ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν / πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαάμ / ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε | hodō tou Kaïn / planē tou Balaam / antilogia tou Korē | Kain útja / Bálám eltévelyedése / Kóré pártütése | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:11 | Extends the Israel/angels/Sodom typology triad; requires OT background (Genesis 4; Numbers 22–24; Numbers 16) for full comprehension by less-catechized readers |
| shepherding themselves | ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες | heautous poimainontes | önmagukat legeltetik/pásztorolják | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:12 | Ironic reversal of the shepherd metaphor — false teachers claim pastoral roles but serve only themselves |
| execute judgment / convict | ποιῆσαι κρίσιν / ἐλέγξαι | poiēsai krisin / elegxai | ítéletet tartani / leleplezni | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:15 | Universal-scope judgment language, echoing baseline’s Universal Human Accountability doctrine, applied specifically to false teachers |
| grumblers / malcontents | γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι | gogystai / mempsimoiroi | zúgolódók / elégedetlenkedők | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:16 | Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling, tying back to the Israel-type of v. 5 |
| bombastic/swelling words | ὑπέρογκα | hyperogka | kérkedő/dagályos szavak | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:16 | Rare vocabulary item describing empty, puffed-up rhetoric |
| mockers/scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται | empaiktai | csúfolódók | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:18 | Distinct from ἀσεβεῖς — emphasizes derisive speech specifically |
| causing divisions | ἀποδιορίζοντες | apodiorizontes | szakadást okozók/megosztást keltők | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:19 | Rare technical term for creating exclusionary factions within the church |
| building up (self-edification) | ἐποικοδομοῦντες | epoikodomountes | felépítve/épülve | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering (positive counter-instruction) | Medium | 1:20 | Positive counterpart to the false teachers’ destructiveness; connects to baseline’s Mutual Edification category |
| glory, majesty, dominion, authority | δόξα μεγαλωσύνη κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία | doxa megalōsynē kratos kai exousia | dicsőség, felség, erő és hatalom | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:25 | Rare fourfold doxological accumulation; each term should receive a distinct Hungarian noun to preserve rhetorical fullness |
| loved / sanctified (textual variant) | ἠγαπημένοις (v.l. ἡγιασμένοις) | ēgapēmenois / hēgiasmenois | szeretett (primary); flagged alt. megszentelt | Kept by God and Presented Blameless (opening address) | Critical | 1:1 | Genuine textual variant affecting the salutation’s opening theological emphasis (God’s love vs. believers’ sanctified status); Károli-tradition base text differs from the modern critical text here — requires explicit theologian confirmation of which tradition this curriculum follows |
| Jesus/Lord (textual variant, Exodus deliverer) | Ἰησοῦς / κύριος | Iēsous / kyrios | Úr (majority-text tradition, primary); flagged alt. noting Ἰησοῦς reading | Old Testament Warnings as Types; Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1:5 | Textual variant with direct Christological significance — following Ἰησοῦς makes this a strong statement of Christ’s pre-existent activity in the Exodus; requires explicit theologian flag |
| prophesied (citing non-canonical material) | προεφήτευσεν | proephēteusen | prófétált | Old Testament Warnings as Types (extended); Fulfillment of Prophecy (baseline category, extended usage) | High | 1:14 | Jude cites 1 Enoch as containing genuine prophetic content without thereby affirming that work’s canonicity; requires a teaching note for both Catholic and Reformed Hungarian readers |
| holy myriads | ἁγίαις μυριάσιν | hagiais myriasin | szent seregek/szent tízezrek | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power; Old Testament Warnings as Types (eschatological judgment scene) | Medium | 1:14 | Depicts the vast angelic host accompanying final judgment |
| love-feasts | ἀγάπαις | agapais | szeretetlakomák | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (setting) | Medium | 1:12 | Early Christian communal fellowship meal, distinct from (though related to) the Lord’s Supper |
C. Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms, Part B) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | Human theologian — every occurrence |
| High | 11 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 9 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 0 (all Low-risk items in this book map to baseline reuse terms, see Part A) | — |
Total new terms proposed for translation memory addition: 33. Total baseline terms reused without modification: 16 (see Part A).
D. Cross-Cutting Translation Risk Notes for Phase 2
- ἔλεος (irgalom) vs. χάρις (kegyelem): These two Greek nouns must never be conflated in Hungarian. Jude’s mercy vocabulary (1:2, 21, 22, 23) is doctrinally distinct from — though related to — the baseline’s Critical grace term. Any Phase 2 segment containing “irgalom” should be checked to confirm “kegyelem” has not been substituted, and vice versa.
- τηρέω wordplay: Track the root megtart-/fenntart- across 1:1, 6, 13, 21, and the related-but-distinct φυλάξαι of 1:24. This is the letter’s central structural motif (divine keeping vs. human responsibility to keep oneself) and must not be lost through synonym variation for stylistic reasons.
- ψυχικοί (test szerint élők) vs. lelki (spiritual gifts): A hard rule for Phase 2 — never render ψυχικοί (1:19) with any “lelki-” root, since “lelki” is already fixed in the baseline’s positive sense (lelki ajándékok, spiritual gifts). This is a false-friend collision unique to this curriculum and must be added to the forbidden-substitution list in the Phase 1 Step 12 AI instruction set update.
- Textual variants (1:1, 1:5, 1:22): Three separate, doctrinally non-trivial textual variants occur in this short letter. Each requires an explicit theologian decision on which textual tradition to follow (modern critical text vs. Károli/Textus Receptus tradition) before Phase 2 translation begins, with the decision recorded in translation memory alongside the rejected alternative per the baseline’s
alternatives_rejectedfield convention. - Fourfold repetition of ἀσεβ- root (1:15): Preserve deliberate repetition; do not vary vocabulary for literary elegance.
- δεσπότης vs. κύριος (1:4): Maintain two distinct Hungarian terms (Uralkodó / Úr) to preserve the rhetorical doubling that intensifies the force of Christ’s denied authority.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Part A terms are enforced exactly as recorded in those files. Part B terms are proposed additions pending Phase 1 Step 12 instruction-set update and translation memory version increment before Phase 2 processing of any Jude segment.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Denied by False Teachers
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. In Jude 1:4, rhetorically doubled with δεσπότης (Uralkodó) — the two Hungarian terms must remain distinct so the intensified charge of denying Christ’s total, undivided authority is not flattened into a single repeated title. Also appears in Jude 1:5’s Ἰησοῦς/κύριος Exodus-judgment textual variant (see jesus_lord_exodus_variant), Michael’s deferential rebuke (1:9), Enoch’s prophecy (1:14), the apostolic title ‘our Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:17, 21, 25), and the closing doxology (1:25).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jézus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Denied by False Teachers
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly per established Hungarian Bible-translation form.
Christ
Approved rendering: Krisztus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Denied by False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: Messiás (elutasítva — Júdás nem az ígéret-beteljesedés argumentatív értelmében használja a Χριστός szót, hanem névként, ezért a ‘Krisztus’ tulajdonnév-forma helyes, nem a ‘Messiás’ doktrinális terminus)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New standalone entry for this curriculum. Not a separate key in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json (which treats ‘Krisztus’ as part of compound titles), but required here as its own locked entry because Jude’s compound title ‘Jézus Krisztus, Urunk’ recurs five times (1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25) and must remain identical throughout. Established proper-name form per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
God
Approved rendering: Isten
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Preservation
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Appears in Jude 1:1 (‘Atya Istentől’), 1:21 (‘Isten szeretete’), and 1:25 (‘egyedüli Istenünknek, Üdvözítőnknek’).
Father
Approved rendering: Atya
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Preservation
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:1: believers are ‘Atya Istentől szeretett’ (beloved in/by God the Father).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélek
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Prayer in the Holy Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:20’s ‘Szentlélekben imádkozva’ stands in deliberate, structural contrast with 1:19’s πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες (see lacking_the_spirit); the two verses must remain unmistakably distinct in Hungarian.
Grace
Approved rendering: kegyelem
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace Perverted to License
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem mint a kicsapottság igazolásának alapja (a hamis tanítók visszaélésének olvasata, elvetve)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:4 is the sharpest New Testament instance of grace-as-license abuse and triggers the baseline’s existing grace-license forbidden-substitution validation rule. The Hungarian must place the fault in the false teachers’ abuse of grace, never in the doctrine of grace itself, so that neither the Reformed monergistic nor the Catholic merit-cooperated systematic account of ‘kegyelem’ is implicitly impugned.
Salvation
Approved rendering: üdvösség
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:3’s ‘közös üdvösségünk’ (our common salvation) stresses shared, corporate possession as the ground for corporate defense of doctrine. Also the lexical root for the new personal title ‘Üdvözítő’ (Savior, 1:25) — see savior entry.
Sovereign Master
Approved rendering: Uralkodó
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Denied by False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: despota (kölcsönszó, elvetve — a mai köznyelvi ‘kegyetlen despota’ negatív, tirannikus konnotációja miatt, amely az ellenkező, jogtalan uralom benyomását keltené Krisztus jogos, teljes hatalmáról)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Distinct from κύριος/Úr; used in Jude 1:4’s rhetorical doubling to intensify the description of Christ’s total, undivided authority which the false teachers deny. Collapsing both Greek terms into ‘Úr’ would flatten this doubled emphasis.
Faith Once Delivered
Approved rendering: egyszer s mindenkorra átadott
Transliteration: hapax paradotheisē
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: egyszer átadott (elvetve — kizárólag időbeli olvasatot enged, nyitva hagyva egy további, folyamatos átadás lehetőségét), hitletétemény (elvetve — kifejezetten katolikus dogmatikai szakszó, sértené a felekezeti neutralitást)
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3. Establishes the apostolic faith as a closed, non-revisable, completed deposit. A merely temporal rendering would leave open the possibility of an evolving or individually-revised faith, undermining the doctrine central to this whole curriculum. Must not adjudicate the wider Catholic Scripture-and-Tradition vs. Reformed sola scriptura question within the translated text itself.
Show Mercy Variant
Approved rendering: irgalmazzatok
Transliteration: eleate / elegchete
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: feddjétek meg (ἐλέγχετε szövegvariáns — Textus Receptus/Károli-hagyomány közelebbi olvasata; jelezve, de elsődlegesként el nem fogadva)
Original: ἐλεᾶτε (v.l. ἐλέγχετε)
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:22. Genuine, doctrinally significant textual variant: ‘show mercy to’ (modern critical text) vs. ‘reprove/correct’ (closer to Textus Receptus/Károli-tradition base). The pastoral posture toward the wavering shifts materially between the two readings. Requires explicit theologian sign-off, recorded alongside the rejected alternative.
Savior
Approved rendering: Üdvözítő
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:25. New personal title not present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json, which contains only the abstract noun σωτηρία/üdvösség. ‘Üdvözítő’ preserves the üdvösség root for lexical continuity with the baseline’s Salvation doctrine while supplying the personal-title form Jude requires.
Kept Preserved
Approved rendering: megtart-/fenntart-
Transliteration: tēreō (various forms: τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται)
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω (various forms: τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται)
Category: Preservation
The letter’s central wordplay: God ‘keeps’ believers for Christ (1:1), ‘keeps’ the fallen angels in chains for judgment (1:6), and ‘keeps’ darkness reserved for the ungodly (1:13). Must be tracked with a single consistent Hungarian root family (megtart-/fenntart-) across all occurrences; stylistic variation would flatten Jude’s central theological structure. Distinct from, though thematically related to, φυλάξαι (1:24) — see keep_from_stumbling.
Keep Yourselves
Approved rendering: tartsátok meg magatokat
Transliteration: heautous tērēsate
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἑαυτοὺς…τηρήσατε
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:21. Imperative — believers’ active responsibility to remain within the sphere of God’s love. Held in tension with 1:24’s divine declaration that God is able to keep (φυλάξαι) believers. This human-responsibility/divine-preservation pairing parallels the same Reformed-monergist/Catholic-synergist fault line the baseline flags for ‘election’ and ‘calling.’ Must not be resolved toward either system in translation.
Keep From Stumbling
Approved rendering: megőrizni botlás nélkül
Transliteration: phylaxai aptaistous
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: φυλάξαι…ἀπταίστους
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:24. Doctrinal capstone of the closing doxology. Distinct verb (φυλάσσω) from the letter’s other τηρέω occurrences but functioning as the same preservation theme’s capstone. Must clearly convey total, successful protection from failure, not partial or uncertain protection.
Blameless
Approved rendering: hibátlan
Transliteration: amōmos
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: szeplőtelen (elvetve — erős, specifikusan Mária-dogmatikai konnotáció a magyar nyelvben: ‘Szeplőtelen Fogantatás,’ ‘Szeplőtelen Szűz’; hívőkre alkalmazva nem szándékolt mariológiai összefüggést importálna), tökéletes (elvetve — az áldozati-kultikus tisztaság értelmét erkölcsi/minőségi teljességgé alakítaná át)
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:24. Originally a sacrificial term (an unblemished offering); applied here to believers’ final eschatological state before God’s glory. Must retain the sacrificial-purity force via accompanying teaching note, not merely ‘good’ or ‘well-behaved.‘
Beloved Sanctified Variant
Approved rendering: szeretett
Transliteration: ēgapēmenois / hēgiasmenois
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Preservation
Rejected alternatives: megszentelt (ἡγιασμένοις szövegvariáns — a Károli-hagyomány alapszövegéhez közelebb álló olvasat; jelezve, de elsődlegesként el nem fogadva)
Original: ἠγαπημένοις (v.l. ἡγιασμένοις)
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:1. Genuine textual variant affecting the salutation’s opening theological emphasis (God’s love for believers vs. their sanctified status). Because the Károli tradition (this Language Package’s historic register anchor) follows the ‘sanctified’ reading, this requires explicit theologian confirmation of which textual tradition the curriculum visibly follows.
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: örök bilincsek
Transliteration: desmois aïdiois
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: ideiglenes/megreformálható bilincsek (elvetve — meghiúsítaná a ritka ἀΐδιος szó véglegesség-hangsúlyát)
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6. Rare word ἀΐδιος (not the more common αἰώνιος) stresses truly unending duration. Softening to a reformable or temporary imprisonment would undermine the finality of the judgment described.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: örök tűz
Transliteration: pyr aiōnion
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: tisztítótűz / ideiglenes, megtisztító tűz (elvetve — összemosná a végleges ítéletet a katolikus purgatórium-tanítással, amelynek nincs megfelelője a Róma-alapcsomagban)
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:7. Hungarian Catholic tradition holds a well-known, distinct doctrine of purgatory (temporary, purifying fire) with no counterpart flagged anywhere in the baseline Romans package. ‘Örök tűz’ must be unambiguously final and unending — this is fixed judgment on the unrepentant, not a temporary purifying process.
Soulish Natural
Approved rendering: test szerint élők
Transliteration: psychikoi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: lelki (TILOS — ütközik a baseline pozitív ‘lelki ajándékok’ [πνευματικός] terminusával, hamis barát-ütközést okozva, amely a verset ellentétes értelműnek tüntetné fel)
Original: ψυχικοί
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:19. Governed by ψυχή (natural, unregenerate human life) rather than by πνεῦμα, the antonym of πνευματικός. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: must never use any ‘lelki-’ root, since that root is already fixed in the baseline’s positive sense (lelki ajándékok, spiritual gifts).
Lacking The Spirit
Approved rendering: nincs bennük a Lélek
Transliteration: pneuma mē echontes
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:19. Diagnostic statement of unregenerate status; must be clearly distinguished from mere absence of vitality or spiritedness in ordinary Hungarian usage.
Jesus Lord Exodus Variant
Approved rendering: Úr
Transliteration: Iēsous / kyrios
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Lord’s Coming
Rejected alternatives: Jézus (Ἰησοῦς szövegvariáns, a legkorábbi kéziratok olvasata, erősebb krisztológiai állítás Krisztus prealisztens Exodus-tevékenységéről; jelezve, de a többségi/bizánci — Károli-hagyomány szerinti — szöveg elsődlegesként választva)
Original: Ἰησοῦς / κύριος
Category: Christology
Jude 1:5. A genuine, doctrinally significant textual variant: the earliest manuscripts read Ἰησοῦς (attributing the Exodus deliverance and judgment to the pre-incarnate Christ), while the majority/Byzantine tradition underlying Károli reads κύριος. Requires explicit theologian sign-off on which textual tradition to follow.
Present Before Glory
Approved rendering: dicsősége elé állítani
Transliteration: stēsai katenōpion tēs doxēs autou
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Jude 1:24. Eschatological presentation scene reusing the baseline ‘dicsőség’ term for God’s glory/presence exactly.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: hit
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20 carries the objective, deposit-of-doctrine sense (fides quae creditur) rather than Romans’ more frequent subjective-trust sense (fides qua creditur); this nuance must be carried by a teaching note, not by substituting a different Hungarian word.
Saints
Approved rendering: szentek
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: szentek mint kizárólag kanonizált, tiszteletben álló személyek (katolikus népi olvasat, elvetve)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:3’s ‘a szenteknek egyszer s mindenkorra átadott hit’ carries the same all-believers corporate note required at Romans 1:7, guarding against a canonized-only reading for Catholic-background readers.
Called
Approved rendering: elhívottak
Transliteration: klētoi / klētois
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Preservation
Rejected alternatives: elhívottak mint kizárólag a feltétlen (ellenállhatatlan) elhívás bizonyítéka (kizárólagos református szisztematikus olvasat, elvetve)
Original: κλητός / κλητοῖς
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:1 pairs ‘elhívottak’ with ‘megtartva Jézus Krisztus számára,’ immediately raising the same monergism/synergism fault line the baseline documents for Romans 8:28-30 and 9-11.
Holy
Approved rendering: szent
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification Amid Apostasy
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Root used in the superlative ‘legszentebb hitük’ (most holy faith, 1:20) and in ‘szent seregek/szent tízezrek’ (holy myriads, 1:14).
Deny Christ
Approved rendering: megtagadva
Transliteration: arnoumenoi
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Denied by False Teachers
Original: ἀρνούμενοι
Category: Christology
Describes the false teachers’ practical denial of Christ’s lordship through conduct, not necessarily explicit verbal apostasy (Jude 1:4). Connects directly to the baseline’s Lordship of Christ doctrine (Romans 10:9).
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: küzdeni/harcolni (a hitért)
Transliteration: epagōnizesthai
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: hinni/tartani a hitet (elvetve — túl passzív, elveszti az agonisztikus, küzdelmi kép erejét)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
Key verb of Jude 1:3 and this curriculum’s central doctrine. Retains the athletic/agonistic contest-imagery force; a weak verb would erase the doctrine’s call to active, effortful defense of the faith rather than passive assent.
Wavering Ones
Approved rendering: kételkedők/ingadozók
Transliteration: diakrinomenous
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινομένους
Category: Faith
Jude 1:22. Names the specific pastoral category targeted by this doctrine — distinct from the false teachers themselves. Precision here prevents conflating the wavering-but-recoverable with the unregenerate false teachers described earlier in the letter.
Mercy
Approved rendering: irgalom
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: kegyelem (elvetve — összemosná Júdás önálló irgalom-szókészletét a baseline Kritikus ‘kegyelem’ [χάρις] terminusával)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:2, 21, 22, 23. Must be kept lexically distinct from the baseline’s Critical term ‘kegyelem’ (χάρις). Conflating the two would erase Jude’s distinct mercy vocabulary and blur the difference between God’s forgiving favor (grace) and his active compassionate rescue (mercy) — a distinction with no counterpart warning in the baseline Romans package.
Snatched From Fire
Approved rendering: kiragadva a tűzből
Transliteration: ek pyros harpazontes
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: megmentve a tűzből (elvetve — túl semleges, elveszti a ‘kiragad’ ige sürgető, erőszakos töltetét)
Original: ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:23. The fire imagery must be recognized as connecting back to the judgment-fire of Jude 1:7 (eternal_fire), i.e., this is rescue from the very judgment already described in the letter, not a generic danger metaphor.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: istentelenek/istentelenség
Transliteration: asebeis / asebeia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment
Central repeated term for the whole doctrine (Jude 1:4, 1:15 ×4, 1:18). The fourfold repetition in 1:15 is a deliberate rhetorical hammer-blow and must be preserved verbatim across all five occurrences in the letter, not varied for literary elegance.
Woe Pronouncement
Approved rendering: Jaj nekik!
Transliteration: ouai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: kár értük (elvetve — túl enyhe, elveszti a próféciai ítélet-formula súlyát)
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:11. A prophetic-oracle formula (cf. OT prophets, Jesus in the Gospels) pronounced directly against the false teachers; tone must be preserved as solemn judgment, not a mild lament.
Crept In Secretly
Approved rendering: belopták magukat
Transliteration: pareisedysan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: megérkeztek/eljöttek (elvetve — túl semleges, elveszti a rejtett beszivárgás jelentését)
Original: παρεισέδυσαν
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4. Must convey covert infiltration, not a neutral arrival, since the doctrine of Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers depends on their hidden, unannounced infiltration of the believing community.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: gyaláznak/káromolnak
Transliteration: blasphēmousin
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημοῦσιν
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:8-10. Key verb for the false teachers’ characteristic sin of reckless speech against legitimate spiritual authority, set in deliberate contrast to Michael’s restraint (1:9).
Execute Judgment
Approved rendering: ítéletet tartani/leleplezni
Transliteration: poiēsai krisin / elegxai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ποιῆσαι κρίσιν / ἐλέγξαι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:15. Universal-scope judgment language echoing the baseline’s Universal Human Accountability doctrine, here applied specifically to the false teachers rather than to humanity generally.
Old Testament Type Israel
Approved rendering: népet szabadított ki Egyiptom földjéből / akik nem hittek, elpusztította
Transliteration: laon ek gēs Aigyptou sōsas / tous mē pisteusantas apōlesen
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου σώσας / τοὺς μὴ πιστεύσαντας ἀπώλεσεν
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:5. First OT type: privileged, delivered status does not by itself guarantee final preservation for the unbelieving.
Old Testament Type Angels
Approved rendering: angyalok, akik nem tartották meg saját méltóságukat
Transliteration: angelous tous mē tērēsantas tēn heautōn archēn
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀγγέλους…τοὺς μὴ τηρήσαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:6. Draws on Second Temple Jewish tradition (Genesis 6, 1 Enoch); requires a teaching note distinguishing Jude’s illustrative use of this tradition from an independent claim to canonicity of its source material.
Old Testament Type Sodom
Approved rendering: Sodoma és Gomora…örök tűz példájaként állnak
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra prokeintai deigma pyros aiōniou
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα…πρόκεινται δεῖγμα πυρὸς αἰωνίου
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:7. Completes the Israel/angels/Sodom triad; see eternal_fire for the purgatory-conflation risk attached to this verse’s fire imagery.
Prophesied Noncanonical
Approved rendering: prófétált
Transliteration: proephēteusen
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Apostolic Warning
Original: Προεφήτευσεν
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:14. Jude cites Enoch (drawing on the non-canonical 1 Enoch) as containing genuine prophetic content. Requires a teaching note clarifying that this citation does not equate to affirming that entire work’s canonicity — a sharper canon-boundary question than typical OT fulfillment texts, since 1 Enoch sits outside even the wider Catholic deuterocanon.
Doxological Attributes
Approved rendering: dicsőség, felség, erő és hatalom
Transliteration: doxa megalōsynē kratos kai exousia
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: dicsőség és hatalom (kettőre rövidítve, elvetve — elveszti a négytagú doxológia retorikai teljességét)
Original: δόξα μεγαλωσύνη κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία
Category: Worship
Jude 1:25. A rare, rich fourfold accumulation of divine attributes (μεγαλωσύνη appears elsewhere only in Hebrews 1:3, 8:1). All four must receive distinct Hungarian nouns to preserve rhetorical fullness for the high liturgical register both Hungarian traditions expect from a closing doxology.
Glorious Beings
Approved rendering: fenséges (mennyei) lények
Transliteration: doxai
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Denied by False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: dicsőségek (elvetve — a dicsőség/dicsőségek rokonszóalak ütközne a δόξα absztrakt ‘dicsőség’ jelentésével, elmosva a kettő közötti referenciakülönbséget)
Original: δόξαι (plural)
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:8. Likely a reference to angelic/heavenly dignitaries, blasphemed recklessly by the false teachers, in contrast to Michael’s restraint (1:9). Must not share a cognate rendering with the abstract noun δόξα/dicsőség.
Dominion Authority Rejected
Approved rendering: hatalom/uraság
Transliteration: kyriotēs
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κυριότητα…ἀθετοῦσιν
Category: Church
Jude 1:8. The false teachers’ rejection of legitimate authority/dominion, related to but distinct from κύριος itself; connects thematically to the δεσπότην/κύριον denial of 1:4. Must not be collapsed into the personal title ‘Úr.‘
Hidden Reefs Blemishes
Approved rendering: szennyfoltok
Transliteration: spilades
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: zátonyok (hajózási/tengeri olvasat — jelezve alternatívaként a fordítói jegyzetben, nem elsődlegesként választva)
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Church
Jude 1:12. A genuinely ambiguous term (moral blemishes vs. hidden reefs) with two defensible readings attested across translation history. The chosen rendering must be recorded with the rejected alternative flagged explicitly, not chosen silently.
Shepherding Themselves
Approved rendering: önmagukat legeltetik/pásztorolják
Transliteration: heautous poimainontes
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:12. Ironic reversal of the shepherd metaphor — false teachers claim pastoral roles but serve only their own appetites.
Sanctification Most Holy Faith
Approved rendering: legszentebb hitük
Transliteration: tē hagiōtatē hymōn pistei
Doctrine: Sanctification Amid Apostasy
Original: τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:20. Reuses the objective, deposit sense of πίστις/hit established at 1:3. Must not import either the Reformed ‘third use of the law’ framework or the Catholic sacramental-penitential framework as the default background for this single verse’s simpler call to communal edification.
Prayer In The Spirit
Approved rendering: Szentlélekben imádkozva
Transliteration: en pneumati hagiō proseuchomenoi
Doctrine: Prayer in the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ προσευχόμενοι
Category: Faith
Jude 1:20. Spirit-empowered, Spirit-directed prayer standing in deliberate contrast with 1:19’s ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες. Must avoid any ‘lelki-’ root collision with the negative rendering of 1:19.
Strange Flesh
Approved rendering: idegen test
Transliteration: sarkos heteras
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: angyali/természetellenes vágy (kifejtett olvasat, elvetve — túlspecifikus, a görög szöveg nem indokolja e döntést), azonos nemű vágy (kifejtett olvasat, elvetve — ugyanezen okból)
Original: σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Sin
Jude 1:7. Genuinely debated phrase among interpreters (angelic transgression vs. unnatural sexual sin). The literal, non-specific Hungarian rendering must be preserved rather than resolved with an interpretive gloss not warranted by the Greek text itself.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: béke
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Preservation
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Part of Jude 1:2’s threefold greeting-wish (irgalom, béke, szeretet — mercy, peace, love), distinct from Paul’s grace-and-peace form.
Glory
Approved rendering: dicsőség
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly for the abstract ‘glory’ sense (Jude 1:24-25). Distinct from the plural δόξαι (‘glorious beings,’ Jude 1:8) — see glorious_beings entry; the two must never share a cognate rendering.
Sin Sinners
Approved rendering: bűn/bűnösök
Transliteration: hamartia / hamartōloi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλοὶ
Category: Sin
Inherited root from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json (‘bűn’); reused exactly. Used in Jude 1:15 alongside ἀσεβεῖς/istentelenek — the two terms name distinct charges (transgression vs. active irreverence toward God) and must remain distinct, not collapsed into a single generic pejorative.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: lelki ajándékok
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Prayer in the Holy Spirit
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Not itself used as vocabulary in Jude, but included here as the fixed positive reference point for the ‘lelki-’ root: this root must NEVER be used to render ψυχικοί (soulish_natural, Jude 1:19), or a direct false-friend collision occurs between this positive baseline term and Jude’s condemnation of the unregenerate false teachers.
Mockers Scoffers
Approved rendering: csúfolódók
Transliteration: empaiktai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:18. Distinct from ἀσεβεῖς — emphasizes derisive, contemptuous speech specifically; echoed in 2 Peter 3:3.
Way Of Cain
Approved rendering: Kain útja
Transliteration: hodō tou Kaïn
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11. First of a second triad of OT types (Cain, Balaam, Korah); requires Genesis 4 background for less-catechized readers.
Error Of Balaam
Approved rendering: Bálám eltévelyedése
Transliteration: planē tou Balaam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαάμ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11. A type of mercenary false teaching directly relevant to Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; requires Numbers 22-24 background.
Rebellion Of Korah
Approved rendering: Kóré pártütése
Transliteration: antilogia tou Korē
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11. A type of rejecting legitimate spiritual leadership, paralleling the false teachers’ rejection of κυριότητα in 1:8; requires Numbers 16 background.
Holy Myriads
Approved rendering: szent seregek/szent tízezrek
Transliteration: hagiais myriasin
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Lord’s Coming
Original: ἁγίαις μυριάσιν
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:14. Depicts the vast heavenly host accompanying the Lord’s eschatological coming, cited from Enoch’s prophecy.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: örök élet
Transliteration: zōēn aiōnion
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:21. Standard eschatological term, the goal toward which believers await the Lord’s mercy; low ambiguity, consistent with baseline eschatological register though not itself a prior baseline Romans key.
Causing Divisions
Approved rendering: szakadást okozók/megosztást keltők
Transliteration: apodiorizontes
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:19. Rare, NT-unique technical term for creating exclusionary factions within the church.
Grumblers Malcontents
Approved rendering: zúgolódók/elégedetlenkedők
Transliteration: gogystai / mempsimoiroi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Church
Jude 1:16. Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling, tying back to the Israel-type of 1:5.
Bombastic Words
Approved rendering: kérkedő/dagályos szavak
Transliteration: hyperogka
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ὑπέρογκα
Category: Church
Jude 1:16. Rare, Jude-specific vocabulary describing empty, puffed-up rhetoric.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: szeretetlakomák
Transliteration: agapais
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: agapé (kölcsönszó — csak fordítói/tanítási jegyzetben megengedett, nem az elsődleges fordított szövegben, mivel nem egyetemesen ismert kifejezés)
Original: ἀγάπαις
Category: Church
Jude 1:12. Early Christian communal fellowship meal, distinct from but related to the Lord’s Supper, exploited as a setting for the false teachers’ behavior.
Building Up
Approved rendering: felépítve/épülve
Transliteration: epoikodomountes
Doctrine: Sanctification Amid Apostasy
Original: ἐποικοδομοῦντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:20. Positive counter-instruction to the false teachers’ destructiveness; connects to the baseline’s Mutual Edification category.
Angels
Approved rendering: angyalok
Transliteration: angeloi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:6. Second OT/extra-biblical type, drawing on Second Temple Jewish tradition; see old_testament_type_angels for doctrinal weight.
Servant Of Christ
Approved rendering: Jézus Krisztus szolgája
Transliteration: Ioudas doulos
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Testimony
Jude 1:1. Self-identification of complete, willing submission to Christ’s lordship, deliberately contrasted with the false teachers’ spurious visionary claims (1:8).
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol/apostolok
Transliteration: apostolos / apostoloi
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Testimony
Original: ἀπόστολοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Jude 1:17 grounds the church’s expectation of scoffers in prior apostolic teaching.
Exhort
Approved rendering: buzdítani
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: παρακαλῶν
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package baseline translation_memory.json; reused exactly. Root shared with Jude 1:3’s παρακαλῶν, describing Jude’s own pastoral posture in writing the letter.
Amen
Approved rendering: Ámen
Transliteration: amēn
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Jude 1:25. Established transliterated form per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md proper-name/liturgical-term standard.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: Mihály arkangyal
Transliteration: Michaēl ho archangelos
Doctrine: Proper Conduct Toward Spiritual Authority
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9. Established proper name/title; used as a positive behavioral contrast-example to the false teachers’ recklessness.
Devil
Approved rendering: ördög
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Proper Conduct Toward Spiritual Authority
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9. Standard, unambiguous term across Hungarian Christian traditions.
Moses
Approved rendering: Mózes
Transliteration: Mōysēs
Doctrine: Proper Conduct Toward Spiritual Authority
Original: Μωυσῆς
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:9. Established Hungarian Bible proper-name form per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md proper-name standard; not a standalone key in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json but fixed there in the proper-name list.
Enoch
Approved rendering: Énók
Transliteration: Henōch
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Lord’s Coming
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:14. Genesis 5 figure; subject of the quoted prophecy. Established proper-name form.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodoma és Gomora
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:7. Established proper-name forms; low risk as names, though the doctrinal weight of their fire-judgment narrative referent is Critical — see eternal_fire and old_testament_type_sodom.
Referenced passages