Semantic Analysis: 2 Corinthians (Full Book) — Maithili Destination Language
Scope and Method
This document analyzes the entire Greek text of 2 Corinthians, chapter 1 through chapter 13. The core passage (2 Corinthians 5:11-21) receives verse-by-verse treatment of every load-bearing term. Every other chapter receives a chapter-level treatment of its load-bearing theological vocabulary using the same fields: original word, transliteration, literal meaning, semantic range, English variants, contextual theological meaning, and destination-language (Maithili) rendering with risk tier.
Governing rule: Any term already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json (e.g. grace = अनुग्रह, faith = विश्वास, righteousness = धार्मिकता, salvation = उद्धार, sin = पाप, glory = महिमा, apostle = प्रेरित, church = मण्डली, gospel = सुसमाचार, Lord = प्रभु, Jesus = यीशु, God = परमेश्वर, Holy Spirit = पवित्र आत्मा, Father = पिता, resurrection = पुनरुत्थान, covenant = वाचा, power of God = परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य) is reused exactly here without re-litigating the choice. Such terms are marked “[TM reuse]” with only a brief note on how the 2 Corinthians context inflects them. New terms required specifically for 2 Corinthians doctrines are analyzed in full and are candidates for addition to translation memory (see 08_core_glossary.md).
PART A: Core Passage — 2 Corinthians 5:11-21 (Verse-by-Verse)
2 Corinthians 5:11
“Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we persuade others; but what we are is known to God, and I hope it is known also to your conscience.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| φόβος τοῦ κυρίου | phobos tou kyriou | fear/dread of the lord/master | reverential awe; terror; respect for authority | ”fear of the Lord,” “reverence for the Lord” | Paul’s motive for ministry: reverential awe before Christ’s coming judgment (cf. 5:10), not superstitious dread | प्रभुक भय (prabhuk bhay) | Medium — must read as reverential awe before the sovereign Lord, not the folk-religious fear of ghosts/spirits (भूत-प्रेत) or appeasement-fear of an unpredictable deity common in regional folk practice |
| πείθω | peithō | to persuade, win over | persuade; convince; (mid/pass.) trust, obey | ”persuade,” “try to persuade,” “appeal to” | Paul’s sincere apostolic appeal to human conscience, not manipulation | मनाएब (manāeb) | Low |
| φανερόω | phaneroō | to make visible, manifest | disclose; reveal; make plainly known | ”known,” “manifest,” “plain” | Paul’s transparent life laid open before God’s sight — ties to sincerity theme | प्रकट (prakaṭ) | Low |
| συνείδησις | syneidēsis | joint-knowledge (with oneself) | moral awareness; conscience | ”conscience” | Human moral faculty by which Paul’s sincerity can be recognized | अन्तरात्मा/विवेक (antarātmā/vivek) | Medium — avoid a purely ritual-purity reading; this is moral self-awareness before God |
| κύριος | kyrios | lord, master | [TM reuse] प्रभु | ”Lord” | Christ as exclusive sovereign Lord who will judge | प्रभु (prabhu) | Critical — reuse baseline exactly |
2 Corinthians 5:12
“We are not commending ourselves to you again but giving you cause to boast about us, so that you may be able to answer those who boast about outward appearance and not about what is in the heart.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| συνιστάνω ἑαυτούς | synistanō heautous | to stand together with, commend | self-recommend; establish credentials | ”commending ourselves,” “recommend ourselves” | Ironic reference to rival teachers’ self-promotion; Paul refuses this posture — directly tied to Genuine vs False Apostleship | अपनाकेँ प्रमाणित करब (apnākē̃ pramāṇit karab) | Medium — must not read as false modesty; it is a pointed contrast with the false apostles’ self-promotion practice (see ch. 10-11) |
| καύχημα | kauchēma | boast, ground for boasting | matter of pride; boast-material; occasion for legitimate confidence | ”boast about us,” “reason to be proud” | Legitimate ground for the Corinthians’ confidence in Paul’s genuine ministry, contrasted with illegitimate boasting | गौरवक कारण (gauravak kāraṇ) | Medium — context-sensitive; see “boasting” full treatment in ch. 10-11 |
| πρόσωπον / καρδία | prosōpon / kardia | face / heart | outward appearance / inner disposition | ”outward appearance” / “heart” | Contrast between superficial credentials (rival teachers’ letters, appearance, rhetoric) and inward reality God sees | बाहरी रूप / हृदय (bāharī rūp / hṛdaya) | Low |
2 Corinthians 5:13
“For if we are beside ourselves, it is for God; if we are in our right mind, it is for you.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ἐξίστημι | existēmi | to stand outside oneself | be beside oneself; ecstatic experience; astonished | ”beside ourselves,” “out of our mind,” “ecstatic” | Possibly a reference to ecstatic spiritual experience (cf. 12:1-4) offered wholly to God, not for public display | बाहर भऽ जाएब/उन्माद (bāhar bha jāeb) | Medium — must not be rendered with vocabulary suggesting trance-possession states associated with regional folk-shamanic or Devi-possession (देवी आवेश) practice; render as “God-directed spiritual fervor,” not possession |
| σωφρονέω | sōphroneō | to be of sound mind | be sensible, self-controlled, sober-minded | ”in our right mind,” “sober,” “sensible” | Paul’s ordinary, reasoned ministry conducted for the Corinthians’ benefit | सचेत/समझदार (sacet/samajhdār) | Low |
2 Corinthians 5:14
“For the love of Christ controls us, because we have concluded this: that one has died for all, therefore all have died.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ | agapē tou Christou | love of Christ | Christ’s love for believers (primary reading) or believers’ love for Christ | ”love of Christ,” “Christ’s love” | The controlling motive of all apostolic ministry: Christ’s self-giving love, not duty or profit | ख्रीष्टक प्रेम (Khrīṣṭak prem) | High — must be distinguished from the devotional bhakti-prem vocabulary used for Krishna/Radha romantic-devotional love; this is self-sacrificial covenant love, not romantic-devotional rasa |
| συνέχω | synechō | to hold together, press upon | constrain; compel; control; hem in | ”controls us,” “compels us,” “constrains us” | Christ’s love as the singular, sufficient motivating force of ministry | बाध्य करब (bādhya karab) | Medium |
| κρίνω | krinō | to judge, decide | judge; conclude; determine | ”concluded,” “judged,” “reasoned” | Paul’s settled theological conviction, a reasoned doctrinal conclusion | निष्कर्ष निकालब (niṣkarṣ nikālab) | Low |
| ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν | hyper pantōn apethanen | he died on behalf of/for all | substitutionary/representative death | ”died for all,” “died on behalf of all” | Substitutionary atonement: Christ’s death representatively counted for all who are united to him | सभक हेतु मरलाह (sabhak hetu maralāh) | Critical — core substitutionary-atonement claim; must not be softened to mere exemplary death |
2 Corinthians 5:15
“and he died for all, that those who live might no longer live for themselves but for him who for their sake died and was raised.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ζάω | zaō | to live | live; be alive (physically/spiritually) | “live,” “those who live” | New existence oriented away from self, toward Christ | जीबए (jībae) | Low |
| ἐγείρω | egeirō | to raise up | [TM reuse root] — cf. πυनरुत्थान (resurrection) | “was raised,” “raised up” | Christ’s bodily resurrection as basis for the believer’s transformed life purpose | पुनरुत्थान भेलाह (punaruthān bhelāh) | Critical — reuse baseline पुनरुत्थान; never पुनर्जन्म |
2 Corinthians 5:16
“From now on, therefore, we regard no one according to the flesh. Even though we once regarded Christ according to the flesh, we regard him thus no longer.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| κατὰ σάρκα | kata sarka | according to flesh | worldly/human standard of judgment; physical descent; sinful nature (context-dependent) | “according to the flesh,” “from a worldly point of view,” “human standards” | Rejecting merely human/worldly criteria (lineage, status, external credentials) for evaluating persons, even Christ | शारीरिक दृष्टिसँ / मानवीय दृष्टिसँ (śārīrik dṛṣṭisã̃ / mānavīya dṛṣṭisã̃) | High — must be distinguished from the baseline’s positive use of “flesh” in “seed of David according to the flesh” (Romans 1:3, दाऊदक वंशसँ); here the phrase is a negative evaluative standard, not a genealogical fact. Also must not collide with caste/lineage-based “according to birth” categories central to Panjikaran culture — this verse actually rejects that standard of evaluation |
| γινώσκω | ginōskō | to know | know by experience/observation; recognize; evaluate | ”regarded,” “known,” “recognized” | Paul’s former (pre-conversion or early) way of assessing Christ by external/human categories, now abandoned | जानब/पहचानब (jānab/pahacānab) | Low |
2 Corinthians 5:17
“Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ἐν Χριστῷ | en Christō | in Christ | union with Christ; incorporation into Christ’s identity/body | ”in Christ,” “united to Christ” | The locus of the new-creation reality; identity grounded in union with Christ, not caste, lineage, or merit | ख्रीष्टमे (Khrīṣṭame) | High — foundational for Christian Identity in Christ doctrine (cf. Romans baseline); must not be diluted to mere “following Christ’s teaching” |
| καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | new creation/creature | a fresh, God-wrought act of creation; new order of existence | ”new creation,” “new creature” | A believer united to Christ is remade — a genuinely new act of God’s creative power, inaugurating the New Creation doctrine | नव सृष्टि (nav sṛṣṭi) | Critical — see full glossary entry; must never be रendered with पुनर्जन्म (rebirth/reincarnation), which would relocate this claim inside the samsara cycle |
| τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν | ta archaia parēlthen | the old things passed by | former condition/order has ended | ”the old has passed away,” “old things have passed” | Definitive, once-for-all break with the old sinful identity/order (not a repeatable cycle) | पुरनका बीति गेल (puranakā bīti gel) | Medium |
| ἰδοὺ γέγονεν καινά | idou gegonen kaina | behold, new things have come to be | fresh, permanent reality now in force | ”the new has come,” “everything has become new” | The decisively inaugurated new reality of life in Christ | देखू, नव भऽ गेल अछि (dekhū, nav bha gel achi) | Medium |
2 Corinthians 5:18
“All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself and gave us the ministry of reconciliation.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| καταλλάσσω | katallassō | to exchange, reconcile | restore to favor; change from enmity to friendship | ”reconciled,” “restored to favor” | God himself is the agent who reconciles hostile sinners to himself through Christ’s work alone | मेल कराओल (mel karāol) | Critical — see glossary; God is subject/agent, humans are recipients — must not read as mutual negotiation or ritual appeasement offered by humans to God |
| διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς | diakonia tēs katallagēs | service/ministry of the reconciliation | the entrusted task of proclaiming and mediating this reconciliation | ”ministry of reconciliation” | The apostolic (and by extension every believer’s) commission to proclaim God’s completed reconciling work | मेल-मिलापक सेवकाई (mel-milāpak sevakāī) | Critical — combines two Critical/Medium terms; central to Reconciliation with God doctrine |
2 Corinthians 5:19
“that God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| κόσμος | kosmos | world, ordered universe | humanity; created order; world-system | ”world” | The scope of God’s reconciling intention — all humanity, no caste/lineage exception | संसार (sansār) | Low |
| λογίζομαι | logizomai | to reckon, count, credit | impute; calculate; charge to one’s account | ”counting,” “reckoning,” “holding against” | God’s forensic decision NOT to charge sinners’ trespasses to their account — the negative counterpart to imputed righteousness | आरोपित करब (āropit karab) — here negated: “आरोपित नहि कएलनि” | Critical — shares its root with baseline “imputed_righteousness” (आरोपित धार्मिकता); reviewers must confirm the forensic, legal-accounting sense is preserved, not merely “forgave” in a loose sense |
| παράπτωμα | paraptōma | a false step, fall beside | trespass; wrongdoing; slip | ”trespasses,” “sins,” “wrongdoings” | Specific wrongful acts not held against the reconciled sinner | अपराध (aparādh) | Medium — distinct from the broader baseline term पाप (sin); keep अपराध for this specific “trespass” nuance where the Greek uses παράπτωμα rather than ἁμαρτία |
| λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | logos tēs katallagēs | word of the reconciliation | the message/proclamation entrusted for preaching | ”message of reconciliation,” “word of reconciliation” | The content of gospel proclamation entrusted to believers | मेल-मिलापक वचन (mel-milāpak vacan) | Critical |
| τίθημι | tithēmi | to place, put, entrust | commit; deposit; assign | ”entrusting,” “committing” | God’s deliberate commissioning act, giving the message into human hands | सुपुर्द करब (supurd karab) | Low |
2 Corinthians 5:20
“Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, God making his appeal through us. We implore you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| πρεσβεύω | presbeuō | to be an elder/envoy, act as ambassador | represent as an authorized envoy of a sovereign | ”ambassadors,” “envoys,” “representatives” | Apostles (and by extension gospel-messengers) act with delegated royal authority on Christ’s behalf — distinct from a generic messenger | राजदूत (rājadūt) | High — must convey authorized representation of a King, tying to Christ’s Lordship; avoid a term implying a mere errand-runner |
| παρακαλέω | parakaleō | to call alongside | appeal; entreat; urge; comfort (context-dependent) | “making his appeal,” “entreating,” “imploring” | God’s own urgent appeal voiced through human ambassadors — the appeal is God’s, not merely Paul’s | विनती करब (vinatī karab) | Medium — [TM reuse note]: same root as baseline “exhort” (उत्साहित करब) but here the sense is entreaty, per the baseline’s own context-sensitivity rule; use विनती करब for this beseeching sense |
| καταλλάγητε | katallagēte | be reconciled! (imperative, passive) | receive reconciliation; be restored to favor | ”be reconciled to God” | The gospel appeal: sinners are urged to receive (not achieve) the reconciliation God has already accomplished | परमेश्वरसँ मेल करू (parameśvarasã̃ mel karū) | Critical — the passive imperative must not be rendered as a work the hearer performs to earn peace; it is a summons to receive an accomplished reconciliation |
2 Corinthians 5:21
“For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.”
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν | ton mē gnonta hamartian | the one not having known sin | sinless, without personal experience of sin | ”who knew no sin,” “who had no sin” | Christ’s sinlessness is the necessary premise for substitutionary exchange | जे पाप नहि जनने रहथि (je pāp nahi janane rahathi) | Critical — Christ’s real sinlessness must be unambiguous |
| ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | hamartian epoiēsen | he made [to be] sin | treated/constituted as a sin-offering or as bearing sin’s guilt (not made morally sinful in nature) | “made him to be sin,” “made him sin for us” | The heart of substitutionary atonement: Christ representatively bears sin’s guilt/penalty, without himself becoming morally corrupt | ओहिकेँ हमरा सभक हेतु पाप बनाओल गेलनि (ohikē̃ hamarā sabhak hetu pāp banāol gelani) | Critical — HIGHEST-SENSITIVITY rendering in this passage: must carry a mandatory translator note clarifying this is forensic/representative bearing of sin’s guilt and penalty, not a claim that Christ became morally sinful in nature. Given no prior Maithili Christian tradition addresses this verse, expect this segment to require Human theologian review every occurrence |
| δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ | dikaiosynē theou | righteousness of God | [TM reuse] धार्मिकता + परमेश्वर | ”righteousness of God,” “God’s righteousness” | Believers united to Christ receive God’s own righteous standing — the reconciling exchange completed | परमेश्वरक धार्मिकता (parameśvarak dhārmiktā) | Critical — reuse baseline धार्मिकता exactly; never धर्म or सतीत्व |
PART B: Chapter-by-Chapter Analysis (Full Book)
Chapter 1 — Comfort in Suffering; the Seal and Guarantee of the Spirit
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| παράκλησις | paraklēsis | calling alongside | comfort; encouragement; consolation | ”comfort,” “consolation,” “encouragement” | God as “Father of mercies and God of all comfort” (1:3) who comforts believers in affliction so they can comfort others — foundational for the Suffering and Comfort in Ministry doctrine | सान्त्वना (sāntvanā) | Medium — distinguish from a fatalistic “this too shall pass” resignation; this is active divine comfort from a personal God, not stoic endurance or karma-acceptance |
| θλῖψις | thlipsis | pressure, crushing | affliction; tribulation; distress | ”affliction,” “trouble,” “suffering” | Real, severe suffering endured in gospel ministry (1:4,8), the occasion for God’s comfort | क्लेश (kleś) | Medium — avoid a purely ritual-penance connotation; this is suffering for the gospel’s sake, not self-imposed austerity (तप) as practiced in regional ascetic traditions |
| σφραγίζω | sphragizō | to seal | mark with a seal of ownership/authentication | ”sealed,” “put his seal on us” | God’s mark of ownership and authentication upon believers via the Spirit (1:22) | मुहर लगाएब (muhar lagāeb) | Medium |
| ἀρραβών | arrabōn | earnest money, down payment, pledge | a partial payment guaranteeing the full amount to come | ”guarantee,” “deposit,” “down payment,” “pledge” | The Holy Spirit given now as God’s guarantee of the believer’s full future inheritance (1:22; also 5:5) | बयाना (bayānā) | High — बयाना is a familiar commercial/agrarian term (earnest money in land or marriage transactions), which makes it vivid and natural, but risks reducing the Spirit to a mere financial token; require a translator note clarifying the Spirit himself (not a lesser substitute) is given, guaranteeing a certain, personal inheritance |
| ναί / ἀμήν | nai / amēn | yes / truly, so be it | affirmation; certainty | ”Yes,” “Amen” | All God’s promises find their “Yes” in Christ (1:20) — total covenant reliability | हँ / आमीन (hã̃ / āmīn) | Low — आमीन reuses baseline transliteration convention |
| ἀπόστολος (reuse) | apostolos | [TM reuse] प्रेरित | ”apostle” | Paul’s authorized apostleship, the basis of his authority to write (1:1) | प्रेरित | Medium — reuse baseline | |
Chapter 2 — Forgiveness, the Fragrance of Christ, and Sincere Proclamation
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| θριαμβεύω | thriambeuō | to lead in triumphal procession | display publicly as a Roman general parading captives/spoils | ”leads us in triumphal procession,” “triumph” | God’s public, victorious display of Christ’s triumph through the apostles’ ministry — an image unfamiliar to Maithili readers without cultural precedent for Roman triumph parades | विजय-जुलूस (vijay-julūs) | Medium — requires an explanatory translator note describing the Roman triumphal-procession custom, since no equivalent regional image conveys “captive being displayed as evidence of a conqueror’s victory” |
| ὀσμή | osmē | smell, odor | fragrance; aroma (pleasant or as a byword) | “aroma,” “fragrance,” “smell” | Believers are “the aroma of Christ” — the same proclamation is life-giving fragrance to some, deadly stench to others (2:15-16) | सुगंध (sugandh) | Medium — avoid confusion with the ritual incense/fragrance offerings (धूप) central to Hindu puja; this is a metaphor for the effect of gospel proclamation, not a ritual offering |
| καπηλεύω τὸν λόγον | kapēleuō ton logon | to peddle/retail (the word) | sell for profit; adulterate for gain; huckster | ”peddlers of God’s word,” “corrupt God’s word for profit” | Paul explicitly denies commercializing the gospel message (2:17) — foundational for Sincerity and Apostolic Authority doctrine | परमेश्वरक वचनक व्यापार करनिहार नहि (parameśvarak vacanak vyāpār karanihār nahi) | High — highly relevant given the live regional concern about religious commercialization (fees for pandit-led rites, guru-business models); this verse must land with its full force, not be softened into vague “misuse” |
| εἰλικρίνεια (introduced; full treatment ch. 1-2 & throughout) | eilikrineia | see full entry below | | | Paul’s sincerity of motive, contrasted with hucksterism | निष्कपटता | High — see glossary |
Chapter 3 — Letter and Spirit; the Veiled and Unveiled Glory; the New Covenant
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | new covenant | the covenant inaugurated by Christ, fulfilling and superseding the Sinai covenant | ”new covenant” | Paul as a “minister of a new covenant” (3:6), central to The New Covenant versus the Old doctrine | नयका वाचा (nayakā vācā) | High — builds on baseline वाचा (covenant); नयका is native Maithili adjective (not Hindi नई), per grammar standard. Must be paired with explicit contrast to the Mosaic covenant (व्यवस्था, baseline “law” term) so the supersession claim is clear without implying two competing gods or an abandoned earlier revelation |
| γράμμα | gramma | letter, written character | the written law/legal code, in contrast to Spirit | ”the letter,” “written code" | "The letter kills, but the Spirit gives life” (3:6) — legal code without the Spirit’s inward work brings condemnation | अक्षर (akṣar) | Medium — must not be read as disparaging Scripture itself; the contrast is law-as-external-code vs. Spirit’s inward work, not Scripture vs. Spirit |
| πνεῦμα (here = the [Holy] Spirit) | pneuma | breath, spirit | [TM reuse] पवित्र आत्मा (contextually implied) | “the Spirit,” “Spirit” | The life-giving, internally transformative work of the Holy Spirit under the new covenant | आत्मा (referring to पवित्र आत्मा) | High — even where the Greek lacks the adjective “holy,” render with the established पवित्र आत्मा referent understanding intact to avoid confusion with a generic/impersonal “spirit” |
| κάλυμμα | kalymma | covering, veil | literal veil (Moses’); figurative veil over hearts/minds in unbelief | ”veil” | Moses’ literal veil (hiding the fading glory) and the figurative veil over unbelieving hearts, removed only in Christ (3:13-16) | परदा (pardā) | High — परदा risks activating the culturally loaded practice of घूंघट (the customary face-veiling of daughters-in-law before elders in Mithila households); a mandatory translator note must clarify this veil is about spiritual perception of God’s glory and covenant fulfillment, not a domestic modesty custom |
| ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | freedom, liberty | freedom from bondage; liberty of access | ”freedom,” “liberty" | "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom” (3:17) — freedom to behold God’s glory unveiled, not freedom from all moral constraint | स्वतंत्रता (svatantratā) | Medium |
| μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | to change form/shape | be transformed; be transfigured | ”transformed,” “changed,” “transfigured” | Believers progressively transformed into Christ’s likeness “from glory to glory” by the Spirit (3:18) | रूपान्तरण (rūpāntaraṇ) | High — must be carefully distinguished from Puranic narratives of deities or devotees changing physical form/shape (rūp-parivartan) as a supernatural feat; this is gradual, Spirit-wrought moral-relational transformation into Christ’s likeness, not a single magical shape-change |
| εἰκών | eikōn | image, likeness | visual representation; exact likeness; (LXX) idol-image | ”image,” “likeness” | Believers being transformed into “the same image” (Christ’s image), anticipating ch. 4’s Christological use | स्वरूप (svarūp) | Critical — see glossary; NEVER प्रतिमा, which in Maithili/Hindi religious usage specifically denotes a temple idol-statue (mūrti) |
| παρρησία | parrēsia | freedom/boldness of speech | openness; frankness; confidence | ”boldness,” “openness,” “confidence” | Paul’s confident, open manner of ministry (3:12), contrasted with Moses’ veiled approach | निडरता (niḍartā) | Medium |
| διακονία (compound phrases: τοῦ θανάτου / τῆς δικαιοσύνης) | diakonia | service, ministry | [new base term] — see glossary; here in construct: “ministry of death,” “ministry of righteousness" | "ministry of death,” “ministry of righteousness/the Spirit” | Contrast between the old covenant’s condemning ministry and the new covenant’s life-giving, righteousness-bringing ministry | सेवकाई (sevakāī) | Medium — reuse across compounds: मृत्युक सेवकाई / धार्मिकताक सेवकाई |
Chapter 4 — Treasure in Jars of Clay; the God of This Age; the Inner and Outer Self
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | ho theos tou aiōnos toutou | the god of this age | Satan, as the usurping object of this present age’s worship/blindness | ”the god of this age,” “the god of this world” | Satan’s blinding power over unbelief (4:4), an ironic use of “god”— NOT a claim of dual legitimate deity | एहि संसारक ईश्वर (ehi sansārak īśvar) | Critical — deliberately renders with ईश्वर (the generic Hindu term explicitly rejected for the true God in baseline god entry) rather than परमेश्वर, precisely to mark Satan as a false, usurping object of worship distinct from the one true परमेश्वर. Requires mandatory translator note explaining this deliberate distinction so readers do not conclude Satan is a legitimate co-equal देवता |
| εἰκών (Χριστοῦ, τοῦ θεοῦ) | eikōn | image | [see ch. 3] | “image of God,” “image of Christ” | Christ as “the image of God” (4:4), his very likeness — Deity of Christ doctrine extension | स्वरूप (svarūp) | Critical — reuse; never प्रतिमा |
| θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | thēsauros en ostrakinois skeuesin | treasure in earthen vessels | valuable content held in a fragile, ordinary container | ”treasure in jars of clay,” “treasure in earthen vessels” | The gospel’s surpassing power held in weak, mortal apostles, so that power is seen as God’s, not theirs (4:7) — anticipates Power in Weakness doctrine | माटीक भाँड़मे खजाना (māṭīk bhāṇḍ-me khajānā) | Medium — natural agrarian/domestic image in Mithila, low collision risk |
| ἐγκακέω | enkakeō | to become weary/lose heart | give up; despair; grow discouraged | ”we do not lose heart” | Paul’s resilience grounded in gospel hope despite affliction (4:1,16) | हिम्मत नहि हारब (himmat nahi hārab) | Low |
| ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος | ho esō anthrōpos / ho exō anthrōpos | the inner man / the outer man | inward spiritual self vs. outward physical body | ”inner self/outer self,” “inward man/outward man” | The outer body wastes away while the inner self is renewed daily by the Spirit (4:16) | भितरका मनुष्य / बाहरका मनुष्य (bhitarkā manuṣya / bāharkā manuṣya) | Low |
| αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | aiōnion baros doxēs | eternal weight of glory | an incomparably weighty, everlasting glory | ”eternal weight of glory,” “eternal glory” | Present light affliction produces incomparable future glory (4:17) | अनन्त महिमाक बोझ (anant mahimāk bojh) | Medium — reuses baseline महिमा |
Chapter 5 (verses 1-10; verses 11-21 = Core Passage above)
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| σκῆνος / ἐπίγειος οἰκία | skēnos / epigeios oikia | tent / earthly house | temporary dwelling; the mortal body as a tent | ”earthly tent,” “earthly house,” “tent” | The mortal body as a temporary dwelling, destroyed at death but replaced by a permanent heavenly body (5:1) | डेरा (ḍerā) | Low |
| στενάζω | stenazō | to groan | sigh; groan under burden | ”groan,” “long,” “sigh” | Believers groan under present mortal burdens, longing for resurrection embodiment (5:2,4) | कराहब (karāhab) | Low |
| βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | bēma tou Christou | judgment seat/tribunal of Christ | official judgment platform; place of evaluative judgment | ”judgment seat of Christ,” “tribunal of Christ” | All believers will appear before Christ to have their works evaluated (5:10) — assurance-related but distinct from a determination of salvation itself | ख्रीष्टक न्याय-आसन (Khrīṣṭak nyāy-āsan) | High — significant cultural collision risk: this concept sits uncomfortably close to the Hindu folk-tradition image of Yamaraj’s judgment court and Chitragupta’s karmic ledger, which determines a soul’s next rebirth. A mandatory translator note must clarify that Christ’s judgment seat evaluates a believer’s works/service for reward, and is not a karmic tribunal determining salvation, rebirth, or one’s fundamental standing (which is already secured by the reconciliation of 5:18-21) |
Chapter 6 — Unequally Yoked; the Temple of God; Suffering Catalogued
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ἑτεροζυγέω | heterozygeō | to be yoked with a different kind | mismatched yoking (agricultural image, cf. Deut 22:10) | “unequally yoked,” “mismatched” | Warning against binding partnership between believers and unbelief (6:14) | अलग जुआमे जोताएब (alag juā-me jotāeb) | Medium — this agrarian yoke (जुआ) image translates very naturally in Mithila’s farming culture; low risk of misunderstanding the literal image, but ensure the applied meaning (partnership/allegiance, not merely marriage) is retained |
| Βελίαρ | Beliar | Belial (a name for Satan) | worthlessness personified; Satan | ”Belial” | Christ and Satan (Belial) as incompatible allegiances (6:15) | बेलियाल (Beliyāl) | Low — transliterated proper noun; ensure it is not confused with any regional demon-figure name |
| ναὸς θεοῦ | naos theou | temple/sanctuary of God | the inner shrine, God’s dwelling place | ”temple of God,” “God’s temple” | Believers corporately are God’s dwelling place, the Spirit’s true “temple” (6:16) — a positive, redefined use of temple imagery, not identical to the church-as-assembly sense | परमेश्वरक मन्दिर (parameśvarak mandir) | High — this deliberately uses मन्दिर (rejected in baseline as the rendering for “church,” since मन्दिर there meant a Hindu temple building housing an idol). Here it functions differently: it names God’s own indwelling presence in his people, redefining “temple” away from an idol-housing structure. A mandatory translator note must distinguish this metaphorical “we are God’s temple” (6:16) from both (a) मण्डली (church-as-assembly, baseline term) and (b) a literal Hindu temple building |
| θλῖψις (recatalogued, 6:4-10) | thlipsis | [see ch. 1] | | “afflictions,” “hardships” | Extended catalogue of apostolic suffering as proof of genuine ministry (Suffering and Comfort in Ministry; Genuine Apostleship) | क्लेश | Medium — reuse |
Chapter 7 — Godly Sorrow and Repentance; Comfort Restored
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| λύπη κατὰ θεόν | lypē kata theon | sorrow according to God | sorrow that aligns with God’s own judgment of sin, leading to repentance | ”godly sorrow,” “sorrow as God intends” | Sorrow that produces repentance leading to salvation, contrasted with worldly sorrow that produces death (7:9-10) | परमेश्वरक अनुसार शोक (parameśvarak anusār śok) | Medium — distinguish from both stoic non-attachment ideals and from a merit-based penance mindset (जहाँ पश्चाताप स्वयं एक साधना बनि जाए) |
| μετάνοια | metanoia | change of mind | inward turning from sin toward God; repentance | ”repentance” | The God-given, salvation-producing response to conviction of sin (7:9-10) | पश्चाताप (paścātāp) | Medium — must convey inward turning toward God, not merely regret or a ritual act of penance (प्रायश्चित) |
| ζῆλος | zēlos | zeal, ardor | earnestness; zealous concern | ”zeal,” “earnestness” | The Corinthians’ renewed zeal for what is right, evidence of genuine repentance (7:11) | उत्साह/सरगर्मी (utsāh/saragarmī) | Low |
| φόβος καὶ τρόμος (reuse root) | phobos kai tromos | fear and trembling | reverent seriousness in receiving Paul’s representatives (7:15) | “fear and trembling” | Reverent submission to apostolic authority, not literal terror | भय आ काँपब (bhay ā kā̃pab) | Low |
Chapter 8 — The Grace of Giving; Christ’s Voluntary Poverty; Equality
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| χάρις (in the giving context) | charis | [TM reuse] अनुग्रह | ”grace,” “generous gift,” “act of grace” | God’s grace expressed through the Macedonians’/Corinthians’ giving (8:1,4,6,7,9) — the same word as saving grace, applied to generosity | अनुग्रह (anugraha) | Critical — reuse baseline अनुग्रह exactly, per one-term-one-rendering rule, even in the giving context. Mandatory translator note: giving flows FROM received grace, and is not to be reframed as दान-पुण्य (merit-earning almsgiving), a live risk since religious almsgiving for merit is a familiar regional category this term must not collapse into | |
| ἁπλότης | haplotēs | singleness, simplicity | generosity; sincerity; open-handedness | ”generosity,” “liberality,” “sincerity” | The Macedonians’/Corinthians’ open-handed generosity in giving (8:2; 9:11,13) | उदारता (udārtā) | High — must be presented as a grace-produced response, not a merit-generating religious duty; pair consistently with अनुग्रह context to avoid a दान-पुण्य reading |
| ἰσότης | isotēs | equality, fairness | fair balance; equity | ”equality,” “fair balance” | The goal of giving is not poverty for some and excess for others, but equitable provision within the body of Christ (8:13-14) | समानता (samāntā) | Low |
| πλούσιος ὢν ἐπτώχευσεν | plousios ōn eptōcheusen | being rich, he became poor | voluntary self-impoverishment despite inherent wealth | ”though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor” | Christ’s pre-existent riches and voluntary incarnational poverty (8:9) — directly connects to the Incarnation doctrine established in the Romans baseline (देहधारण) | धनी रहितहुँ दरिद्र भेलाह (dhanī rahitahũ daridra bhelāh) | High — must be read alongside देहधारण (baseline incarnation term); this is Christ’s voluntary self-humbling in the incarnation for believers’ spiritual enrichment, not a literal economic case study nor an avatar-descent narrative of temporary divine slumming |
| προθυμία | prothymia | eagerness, readiness | willingness; readiness of mind | ”eagerness,” “readiness” | Genuine, willing eagerness to give, contrasted with compulsion (8:11-12) | तत्परता (tatparatā) | Low |
Chapter 9 — The Cheerful Giver; Sowing and Reaping; the Indescribable Gift
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ἱλαρὸς δότης | hilaros dotēs | cheerful giver | joyful, willing giver (not under compulsion) | “cheerful giver,” “joyful giver" | "God loves a cheerful giver” (9:7) — giving from joy, not obligation | उल्लासपूर्ण दाता (ullāsapūrṇa dātā) | Medium — दाता alone could evoke the meritorious almsgiver of दान-पुण्य religious culture; the modifier उल्लासपूर्ण (joyful) plus surrounding grace-context must carry the distinction that this is a grace-response, not merit accumulation |
| περισσεύω | perisseuō | to abound, overflow | be abundant; increase; surplus | ”abound,” “overflow,” “increase” | God’s provision multiplying generosity and its fruit (9:8) | बढ़ब/उमड़ब (baṛhab/umaṛab) | Low |
| σπείρω / θερίζω | speirō / therizō | to sow / to reap | agricultural planting and harvest imagery | ”sow” / “reap” | Generosity as sowing that produces a corresponding harvest of blessing (9:6) — a very natural image for Mithila’s agrarian culture | बोअब / काटब (boab/kāṭab) | Low |
| ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά | anekdiēgētos dōrea | indescribable/inexpressible gift | a gift beyond full verbal description | ”indescribable gift,” “inexpressible gift” | Likely referring to Christ himself or the totality of God’s grace, closing the giving section (9:15) | अवर्णनीय उपहार (avarṇanīya upahār) | Medium — use उपहार (ordinary “gift”) rather than वरदान here, reserving आत्मिक वरदान (baseline “spiritual gifts”) for its specific Spirit-enablement sense |
Chapter 10 — Spiritual Warfare and Apostolic Authority
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ὅπλα οὐ σαρκικά | hopla ou sarkika | weapons not fleshly | spiritual, not merely human/military, weapons | ”weapons of our warfare,” “not of the flesh” | Paul’s apostolic authority operates by spiritual, not worldly, means (10:3-4) | शारीरिक नहि, आत्मिक हथियार (śārīrik nahi, ātmik hathiyār) | Medium |
| ὀχύρωμα | ochyrōma | fortress, stronghold | fortified place; entrenched position (literal or figurative) | “strongholds” | Arguments and proud obstacles against the knowledge of God, torn down by spiritual power (10:4-5) | गढ़ (gaṛh) | Low |
| αἰχμαλωτίζω | aichmalōtizō | to take captive | capture as a prisoner of war | ”take captive” | Taking every thought captive to obey Christ (10:5) | बन्दी बनाएब (bandī banāeb) | Low |
| καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ | kauchaomai en Kyriō | to boast in the Lord | legitimate boasting whose object is the Lord, not self | ”let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord” | Contrasted with rivals’ self-commendation; legitimate boasting locates all credit in Christ (10:17-18) | प्रभुमे गौरव करब (prabhume gaurav karab) | High — context-sensitive; see full “boasting” glossary entry distinguishing legitimate boasting-in-the-Lord from prideful self-boasting |
| συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν (reuse, ch. 10) | synistanō heauton | [see 5:12] | | “commend oneself” | Paul’s rivals commend themselves; Paul insists only the Lord’s commendation counts (10:12,18) | अपनाकेँ प्रमाणित करब | Medium — reuse |
| πραΰτης καὶ ἐπιείκεια | prautēs kai epieikeia | meekness and gentleness | humility and forbearance, as displayed by Christ | ”meekness and gentleness of Christ” | Paul appeals to Christ’s own gentle character as the model for exercising apostolic authority (10:1) | ख्रीष्टक नम्रता आ कोमलता (Khrīṣṭak namratā ā komalatā) | Medium |
Chapter 11 — False Apostles, Satan Disguised, and Paul’s “Foolish” Boasting
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ψευδαπόστολος | pseudapostolos | false apostle | one falsely claiming apostolic authority | ”false apostles” | Rival teachers falsely claiming Christ’s authorized commission (11:13) — core to Genuine versus False Apostleship doctrine | झूठा प्रेरित (jhūṭhā prerit) | High — builds on baseline प्रेरित; must be unambiguous that these figures lack genuine divine commissioning, not merely that they are doctrinally mistaken |
| ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | hyperlian apostoloi | super-apostles, exceedingly-eminent apostles | Paul’s ironic/sarcastic title for the false teachers who exalt themselves | ”super-apostles,” “most eminent apostles” (used sarcastically) | Paul’s biting irony toward self-promoting rival teachers (11:5; 12:11) | अति-श्रेष्ठ प्रेरित (ati-śreṣṭha prerit) | High — must preserve Paul’s ironic tone; a flat literal rendering risks readers taking the title at face value as a genuine compliment rather than Paul’s sarcasm |
| ἄγγελος φωτός | angelos phōtos | angel of light | a being who appears as a luminous, benevolent heavenly messenger | ”angel of light” | Satan disguises himself as an angel of light (11:14), so his servants disguise themselves as servants of righteousness | ज्योतिर्मय स्वर्गदूत (jyotirmay svargadūt) | Medium — must not be confused with the generally positive luminous divine-being imagery common in regional devotional art/Puranic description; the point here is deceptive disguise, not genuine holiness |
| πανουργία | panourgia | craftiness, cunning | cleverness for deceptive ends | ”cunning,” “craftiness,” “cleverness” | The serpent’s deception of Eve (11:3) as a warning paradigm for the Corinthians’ vulnerability to deceptive teaching | चालाकी (cālākī) | Medium — this “serpent” reference must be clearly framed as the Genesis deceiver, distinct from the generally revered folk/Puranic serpent (nāga) imagery found in regional festivals (e.g. Nag Panchami); a brief translator note preventing conflation is advisable |
| ἀφροσύνη | aphrosynē | senselessness, folly | foolishness (Paul’s ironic self-description while boasting) | “foolishness,” “folly” | Paul’s self-consciously “foolish” boasting about his sufferings, undertaken only to expose the false apostles (11:1,16-21) | मूर्खता (mūrkhatā) | Low — tone-marking, not doctrinal risk |
Chapter 12 — Paradise, the Thorn in the Flesh, and Power in Weakness
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος | tritos ouranos / paradeisos | third heaven / paradise | the immediate presence of God; highest heavenly realm | ”third heaven,” “paradise” | Paul’s unique visionary experience of God’s presence (12:2-4), recounted reluctantly | तेसर स्वर्ग / परादीस (tesar svarg / parādīs) | Medium — स्वर्ग (heaven) is shared vocabulary with Hindu cosmology (Indra’s heaven, etc.); a brief note distinguishing the Christian “third heaven” (God’s immediate presence) from a tiered Puranic cosmological heaven is prudent |
| ἄρρητα ῥήματα | arrēta rhēmata | unspeakable/inexpressible words | words not permitted or not possible to utter | ”words that cannot be told,” “unspeakable words” | The ineffable nature of Paul’s revelatory experience (12:4) | अकथनीय शब्द (akathanīya śabda) | Low |
| σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | thorn/stake in the flesh | a persistent physical or circumstantial affliction (specific nature debated) | “thorn in the flesh,” “thorn in my flesh” | Paul’s persistent, humbling affliction, given to prevent pride despite his revelations (12:7) | शरीरमे काँटा (śarīr-me kā̃ṭā) | Medium — natural idiom; must be presented as purposeful (God-permitted, for humility), not fatalistic suffering or unexplained bad karma |
| ἀσθένεια | astheneia | weakness, sickness | frailty; incapacity; illness | ”weakness,” “infirmity” | Paul’s weaknesses become the very place where Christ’s power is displayed (12:9-10) — the doctrinal center of Power in Weakness | दुर्बलता (durbaltā) | High — see glossary; must not carry a shame connotation that Paul’s argument explicitly reverses |
| δύναμις (ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται) | dynamis (en astheneia teleioutai) | power [is perfected in weakness] | [TM reuse] सामर्थ्य | ”power is made perfect in weakness” | Christ’s own statement to Paul (12:9): power reaches its fullest expression precisely in human weakness, not despite it | सामर्थ्य दुर्बलतामे सिद्ध होइत अछि (sāmarthya durbaltāme siddha hoit achi) | Critical — reuse baseline सामर्थ्य exactly; never शक्ति (Shakta-goddess association per baseline rule) |
| σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | sēmeia tou apostolou | signs of the apostle | authenticating marks/miracles confirming genuine apostleship | ”signs of a true apostle” | Miraculous signs, patient endurance, and sacrificial ministry as God’s authentication of Paul’s genuine apostleship, against the false apostles (12:12) | सच्चा प्रेरितक चिन्ह (saccā prerītak cinha) | High — central to Genuine versus False Apostleship doctrine |
Chapter 13 — Self-Examination, Restoration, and the Trinitarian Benediction
| Term | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Maithili Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε | heautous peirazete | test/examine yourselves | self-examine for genuineness of faith | ”examine yourselves,” “test yourselves” | Corinthians urged to test whether they are “in the faith” — genuine union with Christ, not mere religious affiliation (13:5) | अपनाकेँ परखू (apnākē̃ parakhū) | Medium |
| ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | unapproved, failing the test | disqualified; found wanting; counterfeit | ”disqualified,” “fail to meet the test,” “unless indeed you fail the test” | Warning that a merely nominal, un-genuine faith fails the test of true union with Christ (13:5-7) | अयोग्य (ayogya) | Medium |
| καταρτίζω / κατάρτισις | katartizō / katartisis | to mend, restore, equip fully | make complete; restore to proper condition; equip | ”be restored,” “aim for restoration,” “mend your ways” | Paul’s final appeal for the church’s full spiritual restoration and maturity (13:9,11) | पूर्ण करब / सुधारब (pūrṇa karab / sudhārab) | Medium |
| φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | holy kiss | a customary greeting among believers, marking familial affection and unity | ”holy kiss” | A culturally-conditioned first-century greeting expressing genuine familial love among believers (13:12) | पवित्र चुम्बन (pavitra cumban) | Medium — physical kissing as a greeting between believers (including across genders) is not customary in Mithila’s social norms; requires a translator note explaining this as a culturally-conditioned first-century expression of holy affection, for which a functionally equivalent respectful greeting (e.g., हाथ जोड़ब/नमस्कार) may be commended in application without altering the literal translation of the text itself |
| ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | — | the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit | Trinitarian benediction | ”grace… love… fellowship” | The closing benediction names all three Persons of the Trinity in a single formula — grace (अनुग्रह), love (प्रेम), fellowship (सङ्गति), each reused exactly from baseline/established renderings | प्रभु यीशु ख्रीष्टक अनुग्रह, परमेश्वरक प्रेम, आ पवित्र आत्माक सङ्गति (13:14) | Critical — every noun reuses an established Critical/High/Low baseline term (अनुग्रह, प्रेम as ordinary “love,” सङ्गति); consistency across all three is essential since this is among the most frequently quoted verses in the curriculum |
Summary of Full-Book Coverage Confirmation
Every chapter of 2 Corinthians (1 through 13) has been reviewed and contains load-bearing theological vocabulary requiring destination-language decisions; no chapter is without new or reused terminology requiring documentation. Chapter 5 verses 11-21 (the core passage) received full verse-by-verse treatment; chapter 5 verses 1-10 were treated at chapter level alongside the rest of the book.
All Critical and High risk items identified above are candidates for doctrine_risk_registry.json extension and require routing to human theologian review in Phase 2. See 08_core_glossary.md for the consolidated term table.