Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation 1–22 (English → Maithili)
How to Read This Glossary
- Risk follows the four-tier framework already established in
doctrine_risk_registry.json: Critical (human theologian review required, every occurrence), High (human theologian review required), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient). - Baseline Reuse = ✅ means the term is already recorded in the Romans
translation_memory.jsonand MUST be used exactly as recorded there; this glossary does not redefine it, only notes its recurrence in Revelation. - New = the term is introduced fresh by Revelation and is not present in the Romans baseline; a full rationale is given.
- Chapter references are illustrative primary occurrences, not exhaustive.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → Revelation)
| Term (English) | Maithili (from baseline) | Risk (baseline) | Key Revelation Occurrences | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | सुसमाचार | High | 14:6 (“eternal gospel”) | Reused exactly; qualifier अनन्त (eternal) is new, see Section 2. |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | High | 1:4, 22:21 | Frames both the book’s opening and closing benediction. |
| Faith | विश्वास | High | 2:13, 2:19, 13:10, 14:12 | ”Faithful” (ἄπιστος negation) built on this root — see Section 2. |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 19:11 (“in righteousness he judges”), 22:11 | Never धर्म/सतीत्व, per baseline. |
| Salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 7:10, 12:10, 19:1 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष, per baseline. |
| Holy | पवित्र | High | Throughout (holy city, holy angels, holy God, holy ones) | Base root for many new compounds below (पवित्र नगरी, पवित्रस्थान). |
| Saints | पवित्र जन | High | 5:8, 8:3-4, 11:18, 13:7, 13:10, 14:12, 16:6, 17:6, 18:24, 19:8 | Never संत/सती, per baseline; especially load-bearing for Judgment/Vindication doctrine. |
| Church | मण्डली | Medium | 1:4, 1:11, 1:20, 2:1–3:22, 22:16 | Never मन्दिर/मठ, per baseline. |
| Glory | महिमा | High | 1:6, 4:9, 4:11, 5:12-13, 7:12, 19:1, 21:11, 21:23-24 | Central refrain of every worship scene. |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | Throughout; climactically 17:14, 19:16, 22:20-21 | Honorific verb (छथि) required at every occurrence referring to God/Christ. |
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | Throughout | Never भगवान/ईश्वर, per baseline. |
| Jesus | यीशु | Critical | 1:1, 1:5, 1:9, 17:6, 19:10, 22:16, 22:20-21 | Never ईसा, per baseline. |
| Holy Spirit / Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1:4 (see “seven Spirits,” Section 2), 2:7 etc. (“what the Spirit says”), 22:17 | Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा, per baseline. |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 1:6, 14:1 | Reused exactly. |
| David | दाऊद | Medium | 3:7, 5:5, 22:16 | ”Root of David,” “Key of David” — see Section 2 compounds. |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 7:4, 21:12 | Twelve tribes imagery. |
| Messiah / Christ | मसीह / ख्रीष्ट | Critical | 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 11:15, 12:10, 20:4, 20:6 | Never assimilated to Ram/Krishna avatar figures, per baseline. |
| Prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | Low | 10:7, 11:10, 16:6, 18:20, 18:24, 22:6, 22:9 | Reused exactly; “false prophet” (13:11ff, 16:13, 19:20, 20:10) is a new compound, see Section 2. |
| Prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | Low | 1:3, 19:10, 22:7, 22:10, 22:18-19 | Governs the book’s own self-description as “this prophecy.” |
| Covenant | वाचा | High | 11:19 (“ark of his covenant”) | Reused exactly. |
| Election / chosen | परमेश्वरक चुनाव / चुनल गेल | High | 17:14 (“called, chosen, and faithful”) | Reused; triad with called/faith below. |
| Called / calling | बजाओल / बजाओल जाएब | High | 17:14, 19:9 (“those who are called/invited”) | Reused exactly. |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वरक राज्य | Medium | 1:6, 1:9, 11:15, 12:10 | Central to Return and Reign of Christ; sensitive given Mithila’s own Janak-kingdom identity. |
| Sin | पाप | High | 1:5, 18:4-5 | Reused exactly. |
| Gentiles | अन्यजाति | Medium | (limited direct use; ἔθνη in Revelation is usually rendered “nations,” see जातिसभ note in Section 2) | Reserve अन्यजाति for the specific Jew/Gentile contrast sense only. |
| Power of God | परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य | High | 5:12, 7:12, 12:10, 19:1 | Never शक्ति; especially critical for Παντοκράτωρ compounds, Section 2. |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 20:5-6 (“first resurrection”) | Never पुनर्जन्म; extreme care needed given “first/second” numbering, see Section 2 (second death). |
| Thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | 4:9, 7:12 | Reused exactly. |
| Peace | शान्ति | Medium | 1:4 | Reused exactly (opening greeting, “grace and peace”). |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by Revelation
2.1 Christology / The Return and Reign of Christ
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb (ἀρνίον) | मेमना | memnā | Critical | 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22 (28 occurrences) | Central Christological title of the whole book. Must never be illustrated with regional animal-sacrifice (बलि) vocabulary without an explicit contrastive note: the Lamb is the divine object of worship, not a victim offered to appease a separate deity. |
| Lamb slain (ἀρνίον ἐσφαγμένον) | मारल गेल मेमना | māral gel memnā | Critical | 5:6, 5:12, 13:8 | Holds atoning death and triumphant life together in one image; never softened to either pole alone. |
| Son of Man (υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου) | मनुष्यक पुत्र | manuṣyak putra | High | 1:13, 14:14 | Keep terminologically distinct from परमेश्वरक पुत्र (Son of God, baseline). |
| Alpha and Omega (Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ) | अल्फा आ ओमेगा (+ आदि आ अंत gloss) | Alpha ā Omegā | Medium–Critical | 1:8, 21:6, 22:13 | Critical specifically at 22:13, where Christ personally claims the Father’s title (1:8) — direct deity-of-Christ evidence. |
| Word of God (Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, title) | परमेश्वरक वचन | parameśvarak vacan | Critical | 19:13 | NEVER शब्द / शब्द ब्रह्म (Vedantic cosmic-sound doctrine). Connects to baseline देहधारण (incarnation). |
| Faithful and True (πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός) | विश्वासयोग्य आ सत्य | biswasyogya ā satya | Medium | 3:14, 19:11, 21:5 | Built on baseline विश्वास root for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords (Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων) | राजाधिराज आ प्रभुक प्रभु | rājādhirāj ā prabhuk prabhu | High | 17:14, 19:16 | Must read as exclusive, not merely comparative-superlative, sovereignty. |
| Throne of God and of the Lamb, shared (ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου) | परमेश्वर आ मेमनाक सिंहासन | parameśvar ā memnāk simhāsan | Critical | 22:1, 22:3 | Single shared throne = co-equal deity of Christ; do not render as two adjacent thrones. |
| Morning star (ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός) | भोरक तारा / भोरक चमकैत तारा | bhorak tārā | High | 2:28, 22:16 | Risk of conflation with Shukra/Venus astrological deity-planet in North Indian astrology. |
| Rod of iron (ῥάβδος σιδηρᾶ) | लोहाक डण्डा | lohāk daṇḍā | Medium | 2:27, 12:5, 19:15 | Psalm 2 messianic-rule background; not indiscriminate tyranny. |
| Sword from his mouth (ῥομφαία ἐκ τοῦ στόματος) | मुँहसँ निकलैत तरवार | mũhsã̃ nikalait taravār | Medium-High | 1:16, 2:12, 19:15, 19:21 | Symbolic judicial power of Christ’s word; guard against literalistic misreading. |
2.2 Worship and Throne-Room Imagery
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Throne (θρόνος) | सिंहासन | simhāsan | Medium | Throughout (4-5, 20, 21-22) | Anchor with “परमेश्वरक सिंहासन” to avoid drift toward earthly-political throne given Mithila’s Janak-kingdom identity. |
| Worship / prostrate (προσκυνέω) | आराधना करब / दण्डवत प्रणाम करब | ārādhanā karab | Critical | 4:10, 5:14, 7:11, 9:20, 11:16, 13:4, 13:8, 13:12, 13:15, 14:7, 14:9, 14:11, 15:4, 16:2, 19:4, 19:10, 19:20, 20:4, 22:8-9 | NEVER पूजा (Hindu ritual image-worship). The refusal of worship by the angel (19:10, 22:8-9) is a key teaching passage on worship’s exclusivity. |
| Serve / worship (λατρεύω) | सेवा करब / आराधना करब | sevā karab | Medium | 7:15, 22:3 | Distinguish nuance from προσκυνέω (physical prostration) — ongoing worshipful service. |
| Worthy (ἄξιος) | योग्य | yogya | Medium | 4:11, 5:2, 5:4, 5:9, 5:12 | Must retain sense of exclusive worthiness, not comparative superiority. |
| Twenty-four elders (πρεσβύτεροι) | चौबीस प्राचीन | caubīs prācīn | Medium | 4:4, 4:10, 5:8, 5:14, 11:16, 19:4 | Avoid confusion with rishi/muni sage-council imagery. |
| Four living creatures (τέσσαρα ζῷα) | चारि जीवधारी | cāri jīvadhārī | Critical | 4:6-9, 5:6, 5:8, 5:14, 6:1-7, 7:11, 14:3, 15:7, 19:4 | Highest risk of conflation with deity-vāhana (mount) imagery: Garuda/Vishnu, Nandi/Shiva, Simha/Durga. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence. |
| New song (ᾠδὴ καινή) | नव गीत | nav gīt | Low | 5:9, 14:3 | |
| Incense = prayers of the saints (θυμιάματα, αἳ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων) | धूप, जे पवित्र जनक प्रार्थना थिक | dhūp | High | 5:8, 8:3-4 | Explanatory clause “which are the prayers of the saints” must never be omitted — prevents literal-puja misreading. |
| Hallelujah (Ἁλληλουϊά) | हल्लेलूयाह | hallelūyāh | Low | 19:1, 3, 4, 6 | Established transliteration per baseline instruction set; canonical NT entry-point is here. |
| Amen (Ἀμήν) | आमीन | āmīn | Low | 1:6-7, 5:14, 7:12, 19:4, 22:20-21 | Established transliteration per baseline. |
| Seal (of God, protective) (σφραγίς) | मुहर | muhar | Medium | 5:1, 6:1ff, 7:2-3, 9:4 | Must remain lexically distinct from छाप (mark of the beast, below). |
2.3 The Beast, the Dragon, and Cosmic Evil
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beast (θηρίον) | पशु | paśu | Critical | 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 | Risk of resonance with “Pashupati,” a major regional Shaiva epithet of Shiva (“Lord of Beasts/Creatures”). Mandatory translator note distinguishing the two at first occurrence. |
| Mark of the beast (χάραγμα) | पशुक छाप | paśuk chāp | High | 13:16-17, 14:9, 14:11, 16:2, 19:20, 20:4 | छाप deliberately distinct from मुहर (God’s seal). |
| Number of the beast, 666 (ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου) | पशुक अंक, 666 | — | Medium | 13:18 | Guard against numerological/date-setting speculation. |
| Dragon (δράκων) | अजगर | ajgar | Critical | 12:3-4, 7, 9, 13, 16-17; 13:2, 4, 11; 16:13; 20:2 | NEVER नाग (venerated folk-serpent beings, Nag Panchami). |
| Ancient serpent (ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος) | प्राचीन सर्प | prācīn sarp | High | 12:9, 20:2 | Always in explicit apposition with शैतान. |
| Satan / devil (Σατανᾶς / Διάβολος) | शैतान | śaitān | Medium | 2:9-10, 12:9-10, 20:2, 20:7, 20:10 | Established South Asian religious loanword; low collision on its own. |
| Accuser (ὁ κατήγωρ) | दोषारोपक | doṣāropak | Medium | 12:10 | Contrast deliberately with baseline मध्यस्थता (Christ’s intercession). |
| Woman clothed with the sun (γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον) | सूर्यसँ आवृत स्त्री | sūryasã̃ āvṛt strī | Critical | 12:1 | High risk of conflation with Durga/Devi radiant-goddess iconography (Shakta tradition). Never an object of worship/veneration in teaching materials. |
| Michael (Μιχαήλ) | मीकाएल | Mīkāel | Low-Medium | 12:7 | Archangel, महादूत. |
| False prophet (ψευδοπροφήτης, implied title for the second beast) | झूठा भविष्यद्वक्ता | jhūṭhā bhaviṣyadvaktā | Medium | 16:13, 19:20, 20:10 | Built on baseline भविष्यद्वक्ता root, negated. |
| Abyss / bottomless pit (ἄβυσσος) | अथाह खाधि | athāh khādhi | High | 9:1-2, 11, 11:7, 17:8, 20:1-3 | NEVER पाताल (populated Puranic netherworld). |
| Abaddon / Apollyon (Ἀβαδδὼν / Ἀπολλύων) | अबद्दोन / अपुल्लियोन | — | Medium | 9:11 | Transliterated proper name, glossed “destroyer.” |
2.4 Judgment, Death, and the Intermediate/Final States
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hades (ᾅδης) | हेडेस | Hedes | Critical | 1:18, 6:8, 20:13-14 | NEVER पाताल or यमलोक. Temporary abode of the dead, not a final judgment-realm. |
| Second death (δεύτερος θάνατος) | दोसर मृत्यु | dosar mṛtyu | Critical | 2:11, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8 | Highest risk of reincarnation-cycle misreading; mandatory translator note every occurrence. |
| Lake of fire (λίμνη τοῦ πυρός) | आगिक झील | āgik jhīl | High | 19:20, 20:10, 20:14-15, 21:8 | NEVER नरक as a stand-alone equivalent (graded, temporary Puranic hell-realms). Descriptive phrase preferred over a single loaded noun. |
| Book of life (βιβλίον/βιβλίος τῆς ζωῆς) | जीवनक पुस्तक | jīvanak pustak | Critical | 3:5, 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 15, 21:27 | Single highest collision risk in the book: Chitragupta’s karmic-deeds ledger. Mandatory note: a register of grace-given life, not a karmic merit-account. |
| Judged according to their works (κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα) | तिनकर कामक अनुसार न्याय | tinkar kāmak anusār nyāya | High | 20:12-13 | न्याय must denote a personal Judge’s verdict, not impersonal karmic cause-effect. |
| Great white throne (θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας) | बड़ उज्जर सिंहासन | baṛ ujjar simhāsan | Medium | 20:11 | |
| Wrath (θυμός / ὀργή) | क्रोध | krodh | High | 6:16-17, 14:10, 14:19, 15:1, 15:7, 16:1, 16:19, 19:15 | Must be righteous/judicial, provoked by persistent sin — not capricious deity-anger requiring ritual appeasement (cf. sage’s-curse narrative pattern). |
| Curse, no more (κατάθεμα) | श्राप, कोनो नहि | śrāp | High | 22:3 | Sage’s-curse narrative device is a live regional trope (Ramayana/Puranas); this is specifically Genesis 3’s curse, reversed once for all. |
| Millennium / thousand years (χίλια ἔτη) | हजार वर्ष | hazār varṣa | High | 20:2-7 | NEVER framed with युग (yuga-cycle) vocabulary; a single bounded, linear period, not a repeating cosmic age. |
| First resurrection (ἡ πρώτη ἀνάστασις) | पहिल पुनरुत्थान | pahil punaruthān | Critical | 20:5-6 | Inherits baseline resurrection risk; “first/second” numbering must not imply successive rebirths. |
| Gog and Magog (Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ) | गोग आ मागोग | — | Low | 20:8 | Transliterated proper names; OT background required. |
2.5 The Church, the Bride, and the New Creation
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New (καινός, qualitative) | नव | nav | Critical | 2:17, 3:12, 5:9, 14:3, 21:1-2, 5 | Risk of conflation with the Hindu pralaya cosmic dissolution-recreation cycle; this newness is singular, final, linear. |
| Bride / wife of the Lamb (νύμφη / γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου) | वधू | vadhū | Critical | 19:7, 21:2, 21:9, 22:17 | Highest risk of conflation with Sita-Ram (Vivah Panchami) and Radha-Krishna bridal-mysticism traditions. Corporate church, never an individual devotee’s romantic union. |
| Marriage / marriage supper of the Lamb (γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου / δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου) | मेमनाक बिआह / मेमनाक बिआहक भोज | memnāk biāh | Critical | 19:7, 19:9 | Compounds Bride risk; must not be cross-read against the regional Sita-Ram wedding narrative. |
| Righteous acts of the saints (τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων) | पवित्र जनक धर्मी काज | pavitra janak dharmī kāj | High | 19:8 | Fruit, not root, of righteous standing; never सती-धर्म framing. |
| New Jerusalem (Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή) | नव यरूशलेम | nav yarūśalem | Medium | 3:12, 21:2, 21:10 | Transliterated per established proper-name convention (cf. इस्राएल). |
| Tabernacle / dwell (σκηνή / σκηνόω) | वास करब (verb); तम्बू/मिलापक स्थान (noun) | vās karab | High | 7:15, 11:19, 13:6, 15:5, 21:3 | Requires OT tabernacle background note; connects to baseline देहधारण (John 1:14 echo). |
| No temple in the city (ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον) | (कोनो) मन्दिर नहि | mandir nahi | Critical | 21:22 | Deliberate, bounded exception permitting मन्दिर here despite its general prohibition (cf. baseline “church” entry) — the verse’s own rhetorical point requires the temple-word. |
| Tree of life (ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς) | जीवनक रूख | jīvanak rūkh | Medium | 2:7, 22:2, 22:14, 22:19 | Distinguish from Puranic kalpavriksha (wish-granting tree); this restores Eden, not grants worldly boons. |
| River/spring of the water of life (ποταμὸν / πηγὴν ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς) | जीवनक जलक नदी / स्रोत | jīvanak jalak nadī/srot | Medium | 21:6, 22:1, 22:17 | Distinguish from ritual sacred-river bathing traditions; life given freely (δωρεάν), not accessed through ritual. |
| Twelve tribes / twelve apostles (foundations & gates) | बारह कुल / बारह प्रेरित | bārah kul / bārah prerit | Medium | 21:12-14 | कुल preferred over जाति (Panjikaran caste-lineage weight, per baseline caution). |
| Great multitude, every tribe/tongue/people/nation (ὄχλος πολύς … ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς) | बड़ भीड़ … सभ कुल, भाषा, प्रजा आ जातिसँ | — | High | 5:9, 7:9 | Retain unqualified universality; जातिसँ here = “nations/peoples” (mission-context usage per baseline), not अन्यजाति. |
2.6 Persecution, Perseverance, and Witness
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tribulation / affliction (θλῖψις) | संकट / कष्ट | sankaṭ / kaṣṭ | High | 1:9, 2:9-10, 2:22, 7:14 | NEVER क्लेश (Yogic/Buddhist technical term for inner mental afflictions — a different diagnosis of suffering). |
| Perseverance / patient endurance (ὑπομονή) | धीरज | dhīraj | High | 1:9, 2:2-3, 2:19, 3:10, 13:10, 14:12 | Active, hope-fueled endurance under God’s providence — not fatalistic resignation to प्रारब्ध. |
| Overcome / conquer (νικάω) | विजयी होएब | vijayī hoeb | High | 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 5:5; 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7 | Structural refrain across the seven letters and beyond; not worldly military conquest. |
| Testimony / witness (μαρτυρία / μάρτυς) | गवाही / साक्षी | gavāhī / sākṣī | Medium | 1:2, 1:9, 6:9, 11:3-7, 12:11, 12:17, 17:6, 19:10, 20:4 | Costly, faithful witness under persecution — martyrdom sense expand as “प्राण देनिहार साक्षी” where needed. |
| Two witnesses (δύο μάρτυρες) | दू साक्षी | dū sākṣī | Medium | 11:3-13 | Model of prophetic testimony vindicated by resurrection. |
| Blood of the Lamb and word of their testimony (τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ ὁ λόγος τῆς μαρτυρίας) | मेमनाक खून आ अपन गवाहीक वचन | — | High | 12:11 | Preserve both halves together — grace-grounded, faith-worked victory. |
| Blessed sayings (μακάριος, sevenfold) | धन्य अछि | dhanya achi | Medium | 1:3, 14:13, 16:15, 19:9, 20:6, 22:7, 22:14 | Seven distributed beatitudes structuring the whole book. |
2.7 Apocalyptic-Symbolic Machinery (Numbers, Visions, Structural Imagery)
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revelation / unveiling (ἀποκάλυψις) | प्रकाशन | prakāśan | Medium | 1:1 (title) | Distinguish from yogic/mystical “revelation” attained through spiritual discipline; this is God’s sovereign initiative, given to a specific apostle. |
| Mystery of God (τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ) | परमेश्वरक रहस्य | parameśvarak rahasya | Medium | 1:20, 10:7, 17:5, 7 | Distinguish from Tantric esoteric-initiation “secret knowledge” traditions. |
| Seven spirits of God (ἑπτὰ πνεύματα) | पवित्र आत्माक सम्पूर्णता / सात आत्मा (glossed) | — | Critical | 1:4, 3:1, 4:5, 5:6 | Symbolic number = fullness of the one Holy Spirit, not seven separate spirit-beings; mandatory note against a polytheistic misreading. |
| Almighty / Pantokrator (παντοκράτωρ) | सर्वसामर्थ्यवान् | sarvasāmarthyavān | Critical | 1:8, 4:8, 11:17, 15:3, 16:7, 19:6, 21:22 | NEVER शक्ति-based compound (Shakta-goddess association); built on baseline सामर्थ्य root. |
| Seven seals / scroll (σφραγῖδας ἑπτά / βιβλίον) | सात मुहर / पोथी | — | Medium | 5:1-8:1 | |
| Seven trumpets (σάλπιγξ) | तुरही | turahī | Low | 8-11 | Established OT/NT loanword. |
| Seven bowls of wrath (φιάλας τοῦ θυμοῦ) | क्रोधक कटोरा | — | High | 15-16 | See wrath (क्रोध) entry, Section 2.4. |
| Four horsemen (ἵππος λευκός/πυρρός/μέλας/χλωρός) | उज्जर/लाल/कारी/पियरका घोड़ा | — | Medium | 6:1-8 | Symbolic figures within a vision, not literal predicted events. |
| 144,000 (ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες) | 144,000 (Arabic numeral retained) | — | Medium | 7:4, 14:1, 3 | Symbolic totality/completeness, not a literal census. |
| Armageddon (Ἁρμαγεδών) | हर-मगिदोन | Har-Magedon | Medium | 16:16 | Guard against speculative geopolitical identification. |
| Wormwood (Ἄψινθος) | कड़ुआ तारा | kaṛuā tārā | Low-Medium | 8:11 | |
| Locusts (ἀκρίδες) | टिड्डी | ṭiḍḍī | Low | 9:3-10 | |
| Little scroll (βιβλαρίδιον) | छोट पोथी | choṭ pothī | Low | 10:2, 9-10 | |
| Seven heads / mountains, ten horns / kings | सात माथ / पहाड़, दस सिंग / राजा | — | Medium | 13:1, 17:3, 7, 9-12 | Guard against wooden-literal ruler-identification. |
| Babylon the great (Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη) | महान् बेबिलोन | mahān Bebilon | Medium | 14:8, 16:19, 17:5, 18:2, 10, 21 | Symbolic system of organized rebellion, not a literal modern nation-state. |
| Great harlot (ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη) | महान् वेश्या | mahān veśyā | High | 17:1, 5, 15-16; 19:2 | Symbolic-systemic figure; must never be read as commentary on literal women or communities. |
| Merchants of the earth (οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς) | पृथ्वीक व्यापारी | pṛthvīk vyāpārī | Low-Medium | 18:3, 11, 15, 23 | |
| Sea of glass mingled with fire (θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην μεμιγμένην πυρί) | काँचसन आगिसँ मिझरल समुद्र | — | Low-Medium | 15:2 | |
| Song of Moses and the Lamb (ᾠδὴν Μωϋσέως … καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν τοῦ ἀρνίου) | मूसा आ मेमनाक गीत | — | Medium | 15:3 | OT Exodus background required. |
| Firstfruits (ἀπαρχή) | प्रथम फल | pratham phal | Low-Medium | 14:4 | |
| Sickle / winepress (δρέπανον / ληνός) | हँसुआ / दाखरस-कोल्हू | hãsuā / dākharas-kolhū | Medium | 14:14-20 | Judgment-harvest imagery; see wrath entry. |
Section 3 — Terms Requiring Explicit Cross-Reference Consistency Across the Curriculum
The following renderings recur so frequently, and carry such doctrinal weight, that Phase 2 processing must treat them as fixed-string, non-negotiable renderings identical to how the baseline treats Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10:
| Fixed Phrase | Maithili | Occurrences Requiring Verbatim Consistency |
|---|---|---|
| ”I am the Alpha and the Omega" | "अहाँ अल्फा आ ओमेगा छी” / “हम अल्फा आ ओमेगा छी” (honorific, first-person divine speech) | 1:8, 21:6, 22:13 |
| ”Worthy is the Lamb" | "मेमना योग्य छथि” | 5:9, 5:12 |
| ”Holy, holy, holy" | "पवित्र, पवित्र, पवित्र” | 4:8 |
| ”It is done!" | "भ’ गेल!“ | 16:17, 21:6 |
| ”Behold, I am making all things new" | "हेरू, हम सभटा नव बनाबी छी” | 21:5 |
| ”The second death" | "दोसर मृत्यु” | 2:11, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8 |
| ”The book of life” / “the Lamb’s book of life" | "जीवनक पुस्तक” / “मेमनाक जीवनक पुस्तक” | 3:5, 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 15, 21:27 |
| ”Come, Lord Jesus" | "आउ, प्रभु यीशु” | 22:20 |
| ”The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all" | "प्रभु यीशुक अनुग्रह सभक सङ्ग रहय” | 22:21 |
Section 4 — Risk Tier Summary (Revelation New Vocabulary)
| Risk Tier | Count (new Revelation terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 17 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 24 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 31 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 12 | Automated review |
Note: this summary covers newly introduced Revelation-specific vocabulary only. Baseline terms reused from Romans (Section 1) retain their original risk tiers as recorded in doctrine_risk_registry.json and are not re-counted here.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans Language Package for maithili. Section 1 terms are reused verbatim from translation_memory.json. Section 2-3 terms are new proposals for Phase 1 Step 2 (registry construction) and Phase 2 (translation) review, pending theologian sign-off on all Critical and High risk items before Phase 2 processing begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. At 19:11 Christ ‘judges in righteousness’ — must read as the righteous character of the divine Judge, never a duty-based standard.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब
Transliteration: dharmī ghoṣit kael jaeb
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा भेटब, पुण्य कमाएब
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency; underlies the imputed-righteousness theology behind Revelation 19:8 and 7:14.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs as a worship-shout in the throne-room scenes (7:10, 12:10, 19:1) — ‘salvation belongs to our God’ must never be heard as liberation from a rebirth cycle.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Extends into the new compound ‘first resurrection’ (20:5-6) — see first_resurrection entry for the additional numbering-specific risk.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Honorific verb (छथि) required at every occurrence referring to God/Christ, climactically at 17:14, 19:16 (‘King of kings and Lord of lords’) and 22:20-21 (‘Come, Lord Jesus’).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक पुत्र
Transliteration: parameśvarak putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक अंश, देवपुरुष
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept terminologically distinct from the new Revelation title ‘Son of Man’ (मनुष्यक पुत्र, 1:13, 14:14) — the two are complementary, not interchangeable.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकट
Inherited from Romans package. Background concept behind the new ‘Word of God’ Christological title (19:13, परमेश्वरक वचन) and behind the tabernacle/dwelling imagery of 21:3 (John 1:14 echo).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs at the book’s climactic kingdom announcements (11:15, 12:10, 20:4, 20:6).
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors the book’s opening (1:1) and closing (22:16, 22:20-21) verses.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs constantly across all 22 chapters, including in the shared-throne formula ‘the throne of God and of the Lamb’ (22:1, 3).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. See the new ‘seven Spirits’ entry (1:4) for the symbolic sevenfold description requiring an additional mandatory note against a polytheistic misreading.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:6 and 14:1 (the Lamb’s name and the Father’s name written on the 144,000’s foreheads).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: āropit dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: अर्जित धार्मिकता, सती-धर्म
Inherited from Romans package. Directly parallels Revelation 19:8 (‘righteous acts of the saints’) and 7:14 (‘washed robes… in the blood of the Lamb’) — both restate this same credited, not earned, righteousness.
Lamb
Approved rendering: मेमना
Transliteration: memnā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: बलिक पशु, बलिदान
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
New. Central Christological title occurring 28 times. Must never be illustrated with regional animal-sacrifice (बलि) vocabulary without an explicit contrastive note: the Lamb is the divine object of all heaven’s worship, not a victim offered by worshippers to appease a separate deity — the reverse structure of a bali offering at regional Shakta shrines.
Lamb Slain
Approved rendering: मारल गेल मेमना
Transliteration: māral gel memnā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: सिर्फ विजयी मेमना, सिर्फ बलिदान
Original: ἀρνίον ἐσφαγμένον
Category: Christology
New (5:6, 5:12, 13:8). Holds atoning death and triumphant living victory together in one image; never softened to either pole alone.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: अल्फा आ ओमेगा (आदि आ अंत)
Transliteration: Alfā ā Omegā (ādi ā ant)
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पहिल आ अंतिम अक्षर (literal calque loses title-status)
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
New (1:8, 21:6, 22:13). Transliterate, glossed ‘the beginning and the end’ at first occurrence. Critical specifically at 22:13, where Christ personally claims the title first applied to the Father (1:8) — direct textual evidence of Christ’s co-equal deity.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक वचन
Transliteration: parameśvarak vacan
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शब्द, शब्द ब्रह्म
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New (19:13). NEVER शब्द ब्रह्म (śabda brahma), the Vedantic/Tantric doctrine of an impersonal cosmic sound-vibration as ultimate reality. वचन carries personal, communicative, covenantal connotations; link explicitly to देहधारण (incarnation).
Throne Of God And Lamb
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर आ मेमनाक सिंहासन
Transliteration: parameśvar ā memnāk simhāsan
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: दूटा अलग सिंहासन (two separate, adjacent thrones)
Original: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology
New (22:1, 22:3). A single, shared throne — the theological point — is among the strongest NT statements of Christ’s co-equal deity; must not be softened into two adjacent thrones.
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: आराधना करब
Transliteration: ārādhanā karab
Doctrine: Exclusivity of Worship
Rejected alternatives: पूजा, दण्डवत प्रणाम करब (acceptable variant, not primary)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
New. The book’s central worship-verb, nearly 25 occurrences. NEVER पूजा (ritual image-worship). The angel’s refusal of worship directed at itself (19:10, 22:8-9) is the book’s own built-in teaching moment on worship’s exclusivity and must never be softened.
Four Living Creatures
Approved rendering: चारि जीवधारी
Transliteration: cāri jīvadhārī
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: वाहन-सम्बन्धित वर्णन (deity-mount description)
Original: τέσσαρα ζῷα
Category: Worship
New (4:6-9, 5:6, 5:8, 5:14, 6:1-7, 7:11, 14:3, 15:7, 19:4). Highest risk of conflation with deity-vāhana imagery: lion/Durga-Narasimha, ox/Nandi-Shiva, eagle/Garuda-Vishnu. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Beast Sea
Approved rendering: पशु
Transliteration: paśu
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: राक्षस (generic demon, loses the specific end-times figure)
Original: θηρίον ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (chs. 11, 13-17, 19-20). Doctrinally accurate word, but Critical because of resonance with Pashupatinath (‘Lord of Beasts’), a major regional Shaiva epithet of Shiva with a globally significant temple in the immediate cultural neighborhood (Kathmandu). Mandatory translator note at first occurrence clarifying no relationship whatsoever to any Hindu deity-title.
Dragon
Approved rendering: अजगर
Transliteration: ajgar
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: नाग
Original: ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (12:3-4, 7, 9, 13, 16-17; 13:2, 4, 11; 16:13; 20:2). NEVER नाग — venerated, semi-divine serpent-beings celebrated at Nag Panchami with protective/guardian associations. Always in explicit apposition with शैतान.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: सूर्यसँ आवृत स्त्री
Transliteration: sūryasã̃ āvṛt strī
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: देवी, दुर्गा-सदृश वर्णन
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (12:1). Extremely close to Durga/Devi radiant-goddess iconography in active regional Shakta traditions. Mandatory strongest-available translator note at every occurrence: a symbol for God’s covenant people, never worshipped or addressed in prayer, never an independent divine figure.
Hades
Approved rendering: हेडेस
Transliteration: Hedes
Doctrine: The Intermediate State and the Nature of Death
Rejected alternatives: पाताल, यमलोक
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
New (1:18, 6:8, 20:13-14). NEVER पाताल or यमलोक — both import a personal death-deity, an independent judicial-scribe figure (Chitragupta), and a populated cosmic geography incompatible with the one true God’s final judgment. Transliterate and gloss as a temporary realm of the dead.
Second Death
Approved rendering: दोसर मृत्यु
Transliteration: dosar mṛtyu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्मक चक्रान्तर्गत मृत्यु (a death implying an intervening rebirth)
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Eschatology
New (2:11, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8). Single greatest collision-risk phrase in the book: must never be heard as a second physical death following an intervening second life within the punarjanma cycle. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनक पुस्तक
Transliteration: jīvanak pustak
Doctrine: The Book of Life and Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: चित्रगुप्तक बही, कर्मक लेखा
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
New (3:5, 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 15, 21:27). The single most dangerous collision point in the curriculum: near-identical in structure to चित्रगुप्त’s karmic-deeds ledger. Mandatory, repeated translator note: a register of grace-given life through the Lamb (13:8), never an itemized deeds-account.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: पहिल पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: pahil punaruthān
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Bounded Shape of History
Rejected alternatives: पहिल पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἡ πρώτη ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
New (20:5-6). Inherits the baseline’s Critical resurrection risk; the ‘first/second’ numbering must not be misread as successive lives/rebirths, but successive resurrection-events within one linear timetable.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: नव
Transliteration: nav
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: प्रलयोत्तर सृष्टि (post-pralaya re-creation)
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
New (2:17, 3:12, 5:9, 14:3, 21:1-2, 5). Must never be heard as one more turn of the Hindu cosmological cycle of pralaya (dissolution/re-creation); mandatory translator note at first occurrence: single, final, linear renewal, never a recurring cosmic cycle.
Bride Of Christ
Approved rendering: वधू
Transliteration: vadhū
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: सीता-सदृश वधू, व्यक्तिगत भक्तिन दुल्हिन (individual devotee’s bridal-mystical union)
Original: νύμφη / ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New (19:7, 21:2, 21:9, 22:17). Mithila is the geographic and narrative home of the Sita-Ram wedding (Vivah Panchami, Janakpur) and shares Radha-Krishna bridal-mysticism traditions. Every occurrence requires a translator note: the whole redeemed community, corporate not individual, and Christ never assimilated to Ram.
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: मेमनाक बिआह
Transliteration: memnāk biāh
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: सीता-राम बिआहक समानान्तर वर्णन (parallel to the Sita-Ram wedding)
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New (19:7, 19:9). Compounds the bride risk; must never be cross-read against the regionally ‘owned’ Vivah Panchami wedding narrative.
No Temple In The City
Approved rendering: (कोनो) मन्दिर नहि
Transliteration: (kono) mandir nahi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: पवित्रस्थान (would obscure the verse’s own rhetorical point)
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: Church
New (21:22). Deliberate, bounded exception permitting मन्दिर here, unlike its general prohibition for ‘church’ — the Greek text itself provocatively uses the temple-word to say God and the Lamb themselves, not a building, are the sanctuary.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्माक सम्पूर्णता (सात आत्मा)
Transliteration: pavitra ātmāk sampūrṇatā (sāt ātmā)
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: सात अलग आत्मा (seven separate spirit-beings)
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
New (1:4, 3:1, 4:5, 5:6). Symbolic number expressing the fullness of the one Holy Spirit, not seven separate spirit-beings. Mandatory note against a polytheistic misreading in a milieu populated with many named devas/devis.
Almighty Pantokrator
Approved rendering: सर्वसामर्थ्यवान्
Transliteration: sarvasāmarthyavān
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: सर्वशक्तिमान्
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
New (1:8, 4:8, 11:17, 15:3, 16:7, 19:6, 21:22). Built on the baseline सामर्थ्य root; NEVER a शक्ति-based compound, given active regional Durga/Kali (Shakta) devotion and this title’s frequency as a worship-refrain.
Washed Robes In Blood Of Lamb
Approved rendering: मेमनाक खूनमे धोल वस्त्र
Transliteration: memnāk khūnme dhol vastra
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: आत्म-शुद्धिकरण (self-achieved purification)
New (7:14). The paradox (blood making things white, not stained) restates imputed righteousness and must not be smoothed into self-achieved ritual or moral purity.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācār
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: नीक खबर, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation appears qualified as ‘eternal gospel’ (14:6) — see eternal_gospel entry for the compound form; the base term itself is never altered.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames both Revelation’s opening greeting (1:4) and its closing benediction (22:21) — the entire apocalyptic vision is bracketed by grace, not merit or fear.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Root for ‘faithful and true’ (विश्वासयोग्य) and for the negated ‘faithless’ (अविश्वासी) in the 21:8 vice list.
Called
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the triad ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ (17:14) and at 19:9 (‘those who are called to the marriage supper’).
Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Noun-phrase form retained for consistency in teaching materials expanding 17:14 and 19:9.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Root of many Revelation compounds: holy city (पवित्र नगरी), the Trisagion (पवित्र, पवित्र, पवित्र, 4:8).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Especially load-bearing across Revelation’s judgment/vindication scenes (5:8, 8:3-4, 11:18, 13:7, 13:10, 14:12, 16:6, 17:6, 18:24, 19:8).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण, संस्कार
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency; background to the Holiness and Purity of God’s People doctrine.
Adoption
Approved rendering: पुत्रत्व प्रदान
Transliteration: putratva pradān
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: गोद लेब
Inherited from Romans package. Echoed and consummated at 21:7, ‘I will be his God and he will be my son.‘
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: byavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Inherited from Romans package. Minimal direct occurrence in Revelation; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Appears at 1:5 (‘freed us from our sins by his blood’) and in Babylon’s indictment (18:4-5).
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central refrain of every throne-room worship scene (4:9, 4:11, 5:12-13, 7:12, 19:1) and of the New Jerusalem’s light source (21:11, 21:23-24).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासक आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: biswasak ājñākāritā
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य पालन
Inherited from Romans package. Background to Revelation’s ‘blessed is the one who keeps the words’ beatitude (1:3, 22:7).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs in every major worship refrain (5:12, 7:12, 12:10, 19:1) and underlies the new compound ‘Almighty/Pantokrator’ — never a शक्ति-rooted rendering.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, बिआह-सम्बन्ध
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Appears concretely as ‘the ark of his covenant’ (11:19).
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the triad ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ (17:14).
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक विधान
Transliteration: parameśvarak vidhān
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, प्रारब्ध
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the whole-book doctrine of Sovereignty of God over History; never भाग्य/प्रारब्ध.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly occurring in Revelation; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदक वंशसँ
Transliteration: Dāūdak vanśasã̃
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Background to the new ‘Root of David’ compound (5:5).
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्यक पुत्र
Transliteration: manuṣyak putra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वरक पुत्र (would blur with Son of God)
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New (1:13, 14:14). Christ’s Daniel-7 self-title. Keep terminologically distinct from परमेश्वरक पुत्र (Son of God), a different title emphasizing divine sonship.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजाधिराज आ प्रभुक प्रभु
Transliteration: rājādhirāj ā prabhuk prabhu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवताक राजा (henotheistic, ‘greatest among several divine kings’)
Original: Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
New (17:14, 19:16). Must be read as strictly exclusive and singular sovereignty, not merely comparative superiority among a class of divine or royal beings.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: भोरक तारा
Transliteration: bhorak tārā
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शुक्र ग्रह-सम्बन्धित वर्णन (Venus/Shukra astrological reference)
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
New (2:28, 22:16). Venus/Shukra is a significant planetary deity in North Indian astrology; must be framed strictly as Christ’s own self-designation of hope and victory, never an astrological reference.
Sword From Mouth
Approved rendering: मुँहसँ निकलैत तरवार
Transliteration: mũhsã̃ nikalait taravār
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शाब्दिक अर्थमे तरवार (literalistic weapon reading)
Original: ῥομφαία ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
New (1:16, 2:12, 19:15, 19:21). Symbolic representation of the sovereign judicial power of Christ’s spoken word; requires a note against literalistic misreading.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: धूप (पवित्र जनक प्रार्थना)
Transliteration: dhūp (pavitra janak prārthanā)
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: केवल धूप (incense alone, omitting the explanatory clause)
Original: θυμιάματα, αἳ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
New (5:8, 8:3-4). The explanatory clause ‘which are the prayers of the saints’ must never be omitted — it is precisely what prevents the image being read as endorsing literal incense-offering worship practice.
Beast Earth False Prophet
Approved rendering: धरतीसँ उठैत पशु / झूठा भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: dhartīsã̃ uṭhait paśu / jhūṭhā bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Original: θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (13:11, 16:13, 19:20, 20:10). Inherits the same Pashupatinath collision risk as beast_sea; झूठा भविष्यद्वक्ता is built on the baseline भविष्यद्वक्ता root, negated.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: पशुक छाप
Transliteration: paśuk chāp
Doctrine: Exclusivity of Worship
Rejected alternatives: मुहर (confusable with God’s protective seal)
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (13:16-17, 14:9, 14:11, 16:2, 19:20, 20:4). छाप is deliberately distinct from मुहर so learners visually/conceptually separate the counterfeit mark from the divine seal.
Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: प्राचीन सर्प
Transliteration: prācīn sarp
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: नाग
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (12:9, 20:2). Same नाग-avoidance rationale as dragon; always paired explicitly with शैतान.
Abyss
Approved rendering: अथाह खाधि
Transliteration: athāh khādhi
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: पाताल
Original: ἡ ἄβυσσος
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (9:1-2, 11, 11:7, 17:8, 20:1-3). NEVER पाताल — the populated Puranic netherworld with its own inhabitants and rulers. The abyss is a sealed prison entirely under God’s control.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: आगिक झील
Transliteration: āgik jhīl
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: नरक
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Eschatology
New (19:20, 20:10, 20:14-15, 21:8). Do not render with नरक as a stand-alone equivalent (graded, temporary Puranic hell-realms exhausted before rebirth). Prefer the descriptive phrase over a single loaded noun.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: तिनकर कामक अनुसार न्याय
Transliteration: tinkar kāmak anusār nyāya
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल (impersonal karmic consequence)
Original: κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Eschatology
New (20:12-13). न्याय must denote a personal, righteous Judge’s verdict, not an impersonal, self-executing cosmic cause-and-effect mechanism functionally equivalent to karma.
Wrath
Approved rendering: क्रोध
Transliteration: krodh
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: श्राप-सदृश क्रोध (curse-like, appeasement-requiring anger)
Original: θυμός / ὀργή
Category: God
New (6:16-17, 14:10, 19, 15:1, 7, 16:1, 19, 19:15). Must be anchored to God’s righteous character and persistent human sin, resisting both a capricious-curse misreading and a mistaken softening-away of wrath language altogether.
Curse No More
Approved rendering: कोनो श्राप नहि
Transliteration: kono śrāp nahi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: सामान्य दुर्भाग्य नहि रहब (generic ‘no more bad luck’)
Original: οὐδὲν κατάθεμα ἔτι
Category: Eschatology
New (22:3). श्राप is an extremely active regional narrative device (Ramayana/Puranic sage’s curses, typically lifted through penance or merit). This is specifically the reversal of the one Genesis 3 curse, undone once for all through Christ’s finished work.
Millennium
Approved rendering: हजार वर्ष
Transliteration: hazār varṣa
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Bounded Shape of History
Rejected alternatives: युग, युग-चक्र
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
New (20:2-7, six occurrences). Must be clearly distinguished from Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology (Satya, Treta, Dvapara, Kali Yugas); deliberately avoid युग-rooted vocabulary near this term.
Righteous Acts Of Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जनक धर्मी काज
Transliteration: pavitra janak dharmī kāj
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: सती-धर्म
Original: τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Church
New (19:8). Never सती-धर्म or any wifely-virtue-achievement vocabulary already forbidden in the baseline for imputed righteousness; these acts are the fruit, not the root, of righteous standing.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: वास करब
Transliteration: vās karab
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: सामान्य रूपमे ‘संगे रहब’ (loses the tabernacle allusion entirely)
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Church
New (7:15, 11:19, 13:6, 15:5, 21:3). Requires an OT tabernacle background note and a link to देहधारण (John 1:14’s ‘tabernacled among us’).
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: बड़ भीड़ (सभ कुल, भाषा, प्रजा आ जातिसँ)
Transliteration: baṛ bhīṛ (sabh kul, bhāṣā, prajā ā jātisã̃)
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: योग्यता या जातिक आधारपर सीमित समूह (any caste/merit-limited reading)
Original: ὄχλος πολύς ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς καὶ γλωσσῶν καὶ λαῶν καὶ ἐθνῶν
Category: Church
New (5:9, 7:9-10, 14:6). Retain unqualified universality with no caste/lineage qualification; जातिसँ here means ‘nations/peoples,’ not अन्यजाति.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: संकट
Transliteration: sankaṭ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: क्लेश
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Persecution
New (1:9, 2:9-10, 2:22, 7:14). NEVER क्लेश, the Yogic/Buddhist technical term for inner mental affliction dissolved through meditation — a fundamentally different diagnosis of suffering.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dhīraj
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: तप, तपस्या
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Persecution
New (1:9, 2:2-3, 19, 3:10, 13:10, 14:12). Must be active, hope-fueled endurance under God’s providence, not passive fatalistic resignation, and never framed as merit-generating ascetic discipline (तप/तपस्या).
Overcomer
Approved rendering: विजयी होएनिहार
Transliteration: vijayī hoenihār
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: सांसारिक विजेता (worldly military conqueror)
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Persecution
New. Structural refrain across the seven letters and beyond (2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 5:5; 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7). Spirit-enabled faithfulness, not worldly conquest or fatalistic fortune reversal.
Blood Of Lamb And Testimony
Approved rendering: मेमनाक खून आ गवाहीक वचनसँ
Transliteration: memnāk khūn ā gavāhīk vacansã̃
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ ὁ λόγος τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Persecution
New (12:11). Preserve both halves together — victory by Christ’s blood and the outworking of faith in costly testimony, never human heroism alone or a merely legal transaction alone.
Seven Bowls Of Wrath
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक क्रोधक कटोरा
Transliteration: parameśvarak krodhak kaṭorā
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Judgment
Original: αἱ φιάλαι τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New (chs. 15-16). See wrath entry for the full righteous-judgment framing.
Great Harlot
Approved rendering: महान् वेश्या
Transliteration: mahān veśyā
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic
New (17:1, 5, 15-16; 19:2). Symbolic-systemic figure; must never be taught as commentary on literal women or any social group, given regional honor-shame dynamics.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: अनन्त सुसमाचार
Transliteration: anant susamācār
Doctrine: Mission and Witness to the Nations
New compound (14:6). Inherits baseline gospel’s High-risk status; अनन्त qualifier is new but low-collision on its own.
Root Of David Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: यहूदाक कुलक सिंह, दाऊदक जड़
Transliteration: Yahūdāk kulak simha, Dāūdak jaṛ
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
New (5:5). Messianic titles from Genesis 49:9-10 and Isaiah 11:1, 10; connects directly to baseline’s Davidic Covenant entries.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: वेदीक तर मारल गेल लोकनिक प्राण
Transliteration: vedīk tar māral gel lokanik prāṇ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: पूर्वज-पूजा-सदृश वर्णन (ancestor-veneration parallel)
New (6:9-11). Must be read as a vision/symbol expressing certainty of coming vindication, not endorsing ancestor-veneration or spirit-invocation practices.
Lord Has Begun To Reign
Approved rendering: हमर प्रभु राज्य करय लगला छथि
Transliteration: hamar prabhu rājya karay lagalā chathi
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New (11:15). Highest honorific verb form required throughout, per the baseline Lordship-of-Christ grammar rule.
One Seated On Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासनपर बैसल परमेश्वर
Transliteration: simhāsanpar baisal parameśvar
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
New. Recurring divine title (4:2, 4:9-10, 5:1, 5:7, 5:13, 6:16, 7:10, 7:15, 19:4, 20:11, 21:5). Requires the highest honorific verb register (‘बैसल छथि’) at every occurrence, since it is a structural refrain across the whole book.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: आउ, प्रभु यीशु
Transliteration: āu, prabhu yīśu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New fixed phrase (22:20). Echoes the Aramaic liturgical cry ‘Maranatha’ (1 Corinthians 16:22). Must use the honorific verb register consistently in any surrounding clause; one of the curriculum’s most memorized confessional lines alongside रोमी 10:9.
Closing Grace Benediction
Approved rendering: प्रभु यीशुक अनुग्रह सभक सङ्ग रहय
Transliteration: prabhu yīśuk anugraha sabhak sang rahay
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
New fixed phrase (22:21). The book’s final verse; inherits baseline grace’s High-risk status. Fitting closing note that the entire, often terrifying apocalyptic vision resolves in the same unmerited favor at the heart of Romans.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Inherited from Romans package. Root of the new compound ‘twelve apostles of the Lamb’ (21:14).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Opens Revelation’s greeting formula, ‘grace and peace to you’ (1:4).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: ātmik varadān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धि
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency; not directly load-bearing in Revelation but available if teaching materials draw the connection.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, मठ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed as seven concrete local congregations (chs. 2-3) and referenced again at 22:16; never मन्दिर or मठ. Note the single deliberate exception for मन्दिर at 21:22 (see no_temple_in_the_city), which names a different Greek referent (ναός) and does not alter this rule.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Central to The Return and Reign of Christ (1:6, 1:9, 11:15, 12:10); anchor consistently and never let it drift toward a political kingdom, a sensitivity heightened by Mithila’s own Janak-kingdom self-identity.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reserve strictly for the specific Jew/Gentile contrast sense; in Revelation ἔθνη is far more frequently rendered ‘nations’ (जातिसभ, see great_multitude entry), per the baseline’s own mission-context guidance.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: सिफारिश
Inherited from Romans package. Deliberately contrasted with Satan’s new role as ‘accuser’ (दोषारोपक, 12:10) — Satan accuses, Christ intercedes.
Mission
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार प्रचार
Transliteration: susamācār pracār
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: मिशन
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘eternal gospel’ proclamation to every nation (14:6-7).
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Root of two new Revelation compounds: ‘Root of David’ (5:5) and ‘Key of David’ (3:7) — see respective entries.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the twelve-tribes imagery (7:4, 21:12).
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: विश्वासयोग्य आ सत्य
Transliteration: biswasyogya ā satya
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
New (3:14, 19:11, 21:5). Built deliberately on the baseline’s विश्वास root to keep Revelation vocabulary visibly consistent with Romans.
Rod Of Iron
Approved rendering: लोहाक डण्डा
Transliteration: lohāk daṇḍā
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ῥάβδος σιδηρᾶ
Category: Christology
New (2:27, 12:5, 19:15). Psalm 2 messianic-rule background; conveys unbreakable, decisive authority, not indiscriminate tyranny.
Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: simhāsan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
New (throughout chs. 4-5, 20-22). Standard term across Hindu and Christian usage; always anchor with ‘परमेश्वरक सिंहासन’ given Mithila’s own historic Janak-kingdom identity.
Serve Latreuo
Approved rendering: सेवा करब
Transliteration: sevā karab
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
New (7:15, 22:3). Ongoing worshipful service, distinguished from the physical-prostration sense of आराधना करब where context requires the nuance.
Worthy
Approved rendering: योग्य
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
New (4:11, 5:2, 5:4, 5:9, 5:12). Must retain the sense of exclusive worthiness (5:3, ‘no one… was found worthy’), not comparative superiority.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: चौबीस प्राचीन
Transliteration: caubīs prācīn
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: ऋषिगण (sage-council risk)
Original: εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
New (4:4, 4:10, 5:8, 5:14, 11:16, 19:4). Avoid confusion with rishi/muni sage-council imagery (e.g., the Saptarishi attending Brahma/Vishnu).
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: मुहर
Transliteration: muhar
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: छाप (confusable with the beast’s mark)
Original: σφραγίς (τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος)
Category: Worship
New (5:1, 6:1ff, 7:2-3, 9:4). Must remain lexically distinct from छाप (mark of the beast) throughout the curriculum.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: पशुक अंक, 666
Transliteration: paśuk aṅk, 666
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, χξϛ
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (13:18). Retain as Arabic numeral 666 per baseline citation convention. Requires a note against numerological speculation/date-setting.
Satan Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitān
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Original: Σατανᾶς / Διάβολος
Category: Cosmic Evil
New to this curriculum (2:9-10, 12:9-10, 20:2, 20:7, 20:10). Established South Asian religious loanword, low collision risk on its own.
Accuser
Approved rendering: दोषारोपक
Transliteration: doṣāropak
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Rejected alternatives: वकील (secular legal-representative connotation)
Original: ὁ κατήγωρ
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (12:10). Useful teaching contrast with baseline मध्यस्थता (intercession): Satan accuses, Christ intercedes.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: अबद्दोन / अपुल्लियोन
Transliteration: Abaddon / Apulliyon
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Original: Ἀβαδδὼν / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (9:11). Transliterated Hebrew/Greek forms, glossed विनाशक (‘destroyer’).
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: बड़ उज्जर सिंहासन
Transliteration: baṛ ujjar simhāsan
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος … λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Eschatology
New (20:11). Reuses the established सिंहासन root.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: नव यरूशलेम
Transliteration: nav yarūśalem
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Church
New (3:12, 21:2, 21:10). Transliterated per established proper-name convention (cf. इस्राएल).
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनक रूख
Transliteration: jīvanak rūkh
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: कल्पवृक्ष (wish-fulfilling tree)
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Church
New (2:7, 22:2, 22:14, 22:19). Do not substitute the Puranic kalpavriksha image, which grants worldly boons rather than restoring eternal life through Christ.
River Water Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनक जलक नदी
Transliteration: jīvanak jalak nadī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: पवित्र नदी स्नान-सदृश वर्णन (ritual sacred-river bathing description)
Original: ποταμὸς / πηγὴ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Church
New (21:6, 22:1, 22:17). Distinguish from regional sacred-river ritual-bathing traditions; this river is not a place of ritual access but the direct, gracious, free outflow of life.
Twelve Tribes And Apostles
Approved rendering: बारह कुल / बारह प्रेरित
Transliteration: bārah kul / bārah prerit
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: बारह जाति (caste-lineage risk)
Original: δώδεκα φυλαί / δώδεκα ἀπόστολοι τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New (21:12-14). कुल preferred over जाति given the baseline’s Panjikaran caste-lineage caution.
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: गवाही
Transliteration: gavāhī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Persecution
New (1:2, 1:9, 6:9, 11:3-7, 12:11, 12:17, 17:6, 19:10, 20:4). Expand as प्राण देनिहार साक्षी (‘witness who gave up life’) where the martyrdom sense specifically is intended.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: दू साक्षी
Transliteration: dū sākṣī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Persecution
New (11:3-13). Model of faithful prophetic testimony vindicated by resurrection.
Blessed Sayings
Approved rendering: धन्य अछि
Transliteration: dhanya achi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μακάριος
Category: Persecution
New. Seven distributed beatitudes across the book (1:3, 14:13, 16:15, 19:9, 20:6, 22:7, 22:14).
Revelation Unveiling
Approved rendering: प्रकाशन
Transliteration: prakāśan
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: योगिक दृष्टि (yogic mystical-attainment vision)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apocalyptic
New (1:1, book’s own genre-title). Distinguish from the region’s own yogic/mystical ‘revelation’ attained through spiritual discipline; this is God’s sovereign initiative given to a specific apostle.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक रहस्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rahasya
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: तान्त्रिक गुप्त ज्ञान (Tantric secret-initiation knowledge)
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Apocalyptic
New (1:20, 10:7, 17:5, 7). Distinguish from Tantric esoteric-initiation traditions; this is a plan God himself discloses, not hidden knowledge attained through initiation.
Seven Sealed Scroll
Approved rendering: सात मुहरसँ बन्न कएल पोथी
Transliteration: sāt muharsã̃ bann kael pothī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: सात छापसँ बन्न कएल पोथी (confusable with the beast’s mark)
Original: βιβλίον ἐσφραγισμένον σφραγῖσιν ἑπτά
Category: Apocalyptic
New (ch. 5). मुहर preferred over छाप to keep protective/positive seal-imagery visually distinct from the counterfeit mark of the beast.
Four Horsemen
Approved rendering: चारि घोड़ा (उज्जर, लाल, कारी, पियरका)
Transliteration: cāri ghoṛā (ujjar, lāl, kārī, piyarkā)
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἵππος λευκός, πυρρός, μέλας, χλωρός
Category: Apocalyptic
New (6:1-8). Symbolic figures within a vision, not a prediction of literal colored horses; requires a note against wooden-literal reading.
Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: 144,000
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: शाब्दिक जनगणना (literal census figure)
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Apocalyptic
New (7:4, 14:1, 3). Retain as Arabic numeral per baseline citation convention; symbolic totality of God’s sealed people, not a literal headcount.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: हर-मगिदोन
Transliteration: Har-Magedon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Apocalyptic
New (16:16). Requires a note against speculative geopolitical identification with any real, contemporary conflict.
Seven Heads Ten Horns
Approved rendering: सात माथ, दस सिंग
Transliteration: sāt māth, das sing
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: विशिष्ट ऐतिहासिक शासकसँ पहिचान (identification with a specific historical ruler)
Original: ἑπτὰ κεφαλαί … δέκα κέρατα … δέκα βασιλεῖς
Category: Apocalyptic
New (13:1, 17:3, 7, 9-12). Requires a note against wooden-literalistic or speculative ruler-identification.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: महान् बेबिलोन
Transliteration: mahān Bebilon
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic
New (14:8, 16:19, 17:5, 18:2, 10, 21). Symbolic system of organized rebellion, not a literal modern nation-state; requires OT-historical-Babylon background.
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: मूसा आ मेमनाक गीत
Transliteration: Mūsā ā memnāk gīt
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ Μωϋσέως … καὶ ᾠδὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Apocalyptic
New (15:3). Requires OT Exodus background note.
Sickle And Winepress
Approved rendering: हँसुआ / दाखरस-कोल्हू
Transliteration: hãsuā / dākharas-kolhū
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Judgment
Original: δρέπανον ὀξύ / ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New (14:14-20). Judgment-harvest imagery; read as righteous judicial judgment, not capricious anger.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदक चाबी
Transliteration: Dāūdak cābī
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
New (3:7). Draws on Isaiah 22:22 (Eliakim); requires OT background note given low assumed literacy.
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: लुकाओल मन्ना
Transliteration: lukāol mannā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New (2:17). Reward imagery for the overcomer, transliterating मन्ना per established OT precedent.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: शैतानक सभा
Transliteration: śaitānak sabhā
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Redeemed
New (2:9, 3:9). Requires an explicit contextual note restricting this to specific historical first-century opponents, guarding against any generalized anti-Jewish reading.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: गुनगुना
Transliteration: gungunā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New (3:16). Spiritual complacency provoking rejection; a warning against nominal faith.
White Robes
Approved rendering: उज्जर वस्त्र
Transliteration: ujjar vastra
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New (6:11, 7:9, 7:13-14, 19:8). Symbol of vindication, purity, and the promise of final bodily resurrection.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: तिनक वाचाक सन्दूक
Transliteration: tinak vācāk sandūk
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
New (11:19). Requires an OT covenant background note given low assumed literacy.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: भ’ गेल!
Transliteration: bha’ gel!
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New fixed phrase (16:17, 21:6). Declares the redemptive plan finished and settled; cross-reference consistency required between both occurrences.
See His Face
Approved rendering: ओ सभ ओकर मुँह देखता
Transliteration: o sabh okar mũh dekhtā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New (22:4). Direct, unmediated beatific vision; worth an explanatory note contrasting the OT’s more guarded, mediated access to God’s presence.
Outside Are The Dogs
Approved rendering: बाहर रहि जाएत ओ सभ जे अपवित्र आचरण करैत अछि
Transliteration: bāhar rahi jāet o sabh je apavitra ācaraṇ karait achi
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: बाहरमे कुकुरसभ छथि (literal insult reading applied to persons)
New (22:15). A recognized biblical idiom of moral-spiritual exclusion, not a literal reference to animals; render with an explanatory gloss and footnote the idiom’s source.
Canonical Warning Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: जँ केओ एहि भविष्यवाणीक पोथीक वचनसँ किछु घटाओत
Transliteration: jã̃ keo ehi bhaviṣyavāṇīk pothīk vacansã̃ kichu ghaṭāot
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of This Prophecy
New (22:18-19). Guards the integrity and finality of God’s revealed word in this book; the force of this canonical warning must not be softened in translation.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in throne-room worship refrains (4:9, 7:12).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सङ्गति
Transliteration: saṅgati
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता, समाज
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for consistency; background to the corporate ‘saints’ imagery throughout Revelation.
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Root of the new negated compound ‘false prophet’ (झूठा भविष्यद्वक्ता, 16:13, 19:20, 20:10).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the book’s own self-description as ‘this prophecy’ (1:3, 22:7, 10, 18-19) — the canonical-integrity warning of 22:18-19 depends on this term.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for consistency.
New Song
Approved rendering: नव गीत
Transliteration: nav gīt
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ καινή
Category: Worship
New (5:9, 14:3).
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: हल्लेलूयाह
Transliteration: hallelūyāh
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
New to this curriculum’s canonical entry point (19:1, 3, 4, 6), though already an established transliteration per the baseline instruction set’s general conventions.
Amen
Approved rendering: आमीन
Transliteration: āmīn
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Already established per baseline transliteration standards; recurs at 1:6-7, 5:14, 7:12, 19:4, 22:20-21.
Michael
Approved rendering: मीकाएल
Transliteration: Mīkāel
Doctrine: Sovereign Defeat of Satan and Cosmic Evil
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Cosmic Evil
New (12:7). Transliterated proper name, glossed महादूत (‘archangel’).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: गोग आ मागोग
Transliteration: Gog ā Māgog
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Bounded Shape of History
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Eschatology
New (20:8). Transliterated OT proper names; requires an OT background note.
Seven Trumpets
Approved rendering: तुरही
Transliteration: turahī
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Apocalyptic
New to this curriculum (chs. 8-11); already an established OT/NT loanword in North Indian Bible tradition.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: कड़ुआ तारा
Transliteration: kaṛuā tārā
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἄψινθος
Category: Apocalyptic
New (8:11).
Locusts
Approved rendering: टिड्डी
Transliteration: ṭiḍḍī
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες
Category: Apocalyptic
New (9:3-10). Monstrous, demonic locust-like beings, still bounded by God’s explicit permission.
Little Scroll
Approved rendering: छोट पोथी
Transliteration: choṭ pothī
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: βιβλαρίδιον
Category: Apocalyptic
New (10:2, 9-10).
Merchants Of The Earth
Approved rendering: पृथ्वीक व्यापारी
Transliteration: pṛthvīk vyāpārī
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς
Category: Apocalyptic
New (18:3, 11, 15, 23).
Sea Of Glass
Approved rendering: काँचसन आगिसँ मिझरल समुद्र
Transliteration: kā̃cchan āgisã̃ mijharal samudra
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη μεμιγμένη πυρί
Category: Apocalyptic
New (15:2).
White Stone
Approved rendering: उज्जर पाथर
Transliteration: ujjar pāthar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New (2:17). A token of acquittal/acceptance and new identity.
Open Door
Approved rendering: खुजल दुआर
Transliteration: khujal duār
Doctrine: Mission and Witness to the Nations
New (3:8). Opportunity for gospel witness/access granted by Christ.
Referenced passages